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Interrelation of readiness for a future profession and manifestations of exam anxiety for passing a unified state exam 对未来职业的准备与通过统一国家考试的考试焦虑表现之间的相互关系
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.15862/31psmn519
S. Zholudeva, Rufia Temirbulatova
In high school, schoolchildren think about their future activities in one way or another. At the same time, there remain those that cannot be determined up to the beginning of examinations. It is very important at this age to have a reference point in the preferences of a particular profession, as professional self-determination is an integral part in choosing a further activity.The authors present an analysis of the relationship between the readiness for the future profession of graduates of educational organizations and the manifestation of examination anxiety for passing the unified state examination. The study was based on the following methods: "Activating career guidance methodology" (according to N. Zepzhnikov) and "Test of examination anxiety"R. Elpert and R.N. Heiber, Respondents were young men and girls of the 11th grade aged 16–18.First of all, the level of readiness of graduates for the future profession of the educational institution was assessed, then, for the study of examination anxiety, the proposed in the second method contributing and inhibiting fears of preparation for the EGE were analyzed, which, in turn, show their contribution to the successful passing of examinations. After the work done and the study of certain components of fears, the authors studied the direct relationship between readiness for the future profession and the manifestation of examination anxiety for the acceptance of the EGE. The level of readiness for the profession was found to have an impact on both the result and anxiety for the upcoming exams. At the same time, anxiety to pass examinations is directly related to understanding and awareness of the choice of further professional activity.
在高中,学生们以这样或那样的方式考虑他们未来的活动。与此同时,仍有一些在考试开始前无法确定。在这个年龄,有一个特定职业偏好的参考点是非常重要的,因为职业自决是选择进一步活动的一个组成部分。作者分析了教育机构毕业生对未来职业的准备与通过国家统一考试的考试焦虑表现之间的关系。本研究基于以下方法:“激活职业指导方法”(根据N. Zepzhnikov)和“考试焦虑测试”R。Elpert和R.N. Heiber,调查对象是11年级16-18岁的年轻男女。首先,评估了毕业生对教育机构未来职业的准备程度,然后,对于考试焦虑的研究,分析了第二种方法中提出的对EGE准备恐惧的贡献和抑制,这反过来又表明了他们对成功通过考试的贡献。在完成工作和研究恐惧的某些组成部分之后,作者研究了对未来职业的准备与对接受EGE的考试焦虑的表现之间的直接关系。研究发现,对职业的准备程度对即将到来的考试的结果和焦虑程度都有影响。同时,对通过考试的焦虑直接关系到对进一步专业活动选择的理解和意识。
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引用次数: 1
Pedagogical conflicts in the classroom: types, causes, specifics of their settlement 课堂教学冲突:类型、原因、解决方法
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.15862/03pdmn519
Z. Trubina
The paper describes the structure and types of pedagogical conflicts, the prerequisites for their occurrence; the features of pedagogical conflicts, as well as the specifics of their settlement.The researchers identify the following groups of pedagogical conflicts: professional conflicts, conflicts of expectations, conflicts of personal incompatibility. There are also some other classifications, such as motivational conflicts between teachers and students; conflicts related to deficiencies in the organization of the educational process and conflicts of interactions.Pedagogical conflicts have a stable clear structure. It includes: a conflict situation, conflict participants, the object of the conflict, the conditions of the conflict, the images of the conflict situation, conflict interaction.Pedagogical conflicts have their own characteristics associated with the specifics of educational activities, the difference in the status and age of the interacting parties.The paper discusses the following steps for the settlement of pedagogical conflicts: detection, analysis and the settlement itself.The author describes the strategies of behavior in the conflict, as well as constructive ways to settle them: tenderness, compromise, arbitration, analysis of the situation; as well as an algorithm for analyzing the pedagogical situation and solving the pedagogical problem. The paper presents the general rules for the peaceful settlement of school conflicts for all subject teachers.As a result of the analysis of the main types of pedagogical conflicts produced in the paper on the basis of researches of Russian and foreign scientists, it was found out that the settlement of pedagogical conflicts in most cases lies with the teacher. So, modern teachers should have special training aimed at learning the correct behavior in the conflict and the study of the basic methods of their correct settlement.In order to settle a conflict you must choose a strategy of behavior in it. Understanding the causes of conflicts and the successful use of mechanisms to arrange them are possible only if future teachers have knowledge, skills and appropriate personal qualities.
本文阐述了教学冲突的结构、类型及其发生的前提条件;教学冲突的特点及其解决的具体方法。研究人员确定了以下几种教学冲突:职业冲突、期望冲突、个人不相容冲突。还有一些其他的分类,如师生动机冲突;与教育过程组织缺陷和互动冲突有关的冲突。教学冲突具有稳定清晰的结构。它包括:冲突情境、冲突参与者、冲突对象、冲突条件、冲突情境的形象、冲突互动。教学冲突有其自身的特点,与教育活动的特殊性、冲突双方地位和年龄的差异有关。本文论述了解决教学冲突的三个步骤:发现、分析和解决。作者描述了冲突中的行为策略,以及解决冲突的建设性方法:温柔、妥协、仲裁、分析形势;并提出了一种分析教学形势、解决教学问题的算法。本文提出了各学科教师和平解决学校冲突的一般原则。本文以国内外学者的研究成果为基础,对教学冲突的主要类型进行了分析,发现在大多数情况下,解决教学冲突的主体是教师。因此,现代教师应该接受专门的培训,学习冲突中的正确行为,研究正确解决冲突的基本方法。为了解决冲突,你必须选择一种行为策略。只有未来的教师具备知识、技能和适当的个人素质,才有可能理解冲突的原因并成功地利用机制来安排冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Socio-cultural attitudes of Muslims in the city of Moscow: socio-psychological aspects 莫斯科穆斯林的社会文化态度:社会心理学方面
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.15862/93psmn119
I. Leskova, S. Zyazin, K. Muslimova, N. Barieva
The question of socio-psychological adaptation of Muslims from the countries of the near abroad in the metropolis of Moscow is raised. Describes the main ethnic, religious, and psychological characteristics of migrants who profess the religion of Islam. Possible ways of solving problems related to the successful adaptation of migrants are commented. Examples of the successful functioning of various centers, whose activities are directly related to the support of migrants in the Russian Federation. The article presents statistics of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia for 2018, reflecting the process of migration of residents of the former Soviet republics to Russia. Attention is focused on the processes of global migration of people, in particular Muslims from Central Asia, contributing to the development of the local population's negative attitude to visitors, in particular migrant phobia and Islamophobia. The article considers possible and acceptable algorithms of work with migrants in order to avoid such negativity and rapid adaptation of migrants in Moscow. It is emphasized that migration processes involve not only adults, but also children who need specialized support of employees of educational institutions and social services, whose activities should be aimed at teaching Russian as a foreign language, psychological and pedagogical support, familiarity with the cultural and historical heritage of the country. Attention is focused on the fact that a sense of tolerance and tolerance should be present in all people involved in migration processes. The importance of finding compromise solutions, joint efforts to solve the problems of immigrants is fixed.
提出了来自近邻国家的穆斯林在莫斯科大都市的社会心理适应问题。描述信奉伊斯兰教的移民的主要民族、宗教和心理特征。讨论了解决与移民成功适应有关的问题的可能方法。各中心成功运作的例子,其活动与支持俄罗斯联邦境内的移徙者直接相关。本文介绍了俄罗斯内政部2018年的统计数据,反映了前苏联加盟共和国居民向俄罗斯移民的过程。人们的注意力集中在全球人口,特别是来自中亚的穆斯林的移徙进程上,这一进程助长了当地居民对游客的消极态度,特别是对移徙者的恐惧和对伊斯兰教的恐惧。本文考虑了与移民一起工作的可能和可接受的算法,以避免莫斯科移民的这种消极和快速适应。强调指出,移徙过程不仅涉及成年人,也涉及儿童,他们需要教育机构和社会服务人员的专门支助,其活动的目的应是教授作为外语的俄语,提供心理和教学支助,熟悉该国的文化和历史遗产。注意的重点是,所有参与移徙进程的人都应具有容忍和容忍的意识。寻找妥协的解决方案,共同努力解决移民问题的重要性是确定的。
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引用次数: 0
Educational work of the university in modern educational system 现代教育体制下的大学教育工作
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.15862/66pdmn518
S. Kulikova, N. Malchukova, Irina Shemjakina
The relevance of this article is to consider the issue of education of students in modern educational conditions and new requirements for the labor functions of University teachers. The change of paradigms and life orientations in the nineties of the twentieth century led to changes in the life principles of the Russian youth. Egoistic, consumer attitude to life in the younger generation has become a direct threat to the future of the country.Therefore, the resumption of educational work at the University has become a necessity of time. Education and training are so intertwined in the educational process that each teacher voluntarily or unwittingly engaged in educational work, but the main role is assigned to the Institute of curatorship, which remains the flagship in this matter. Each University tries to develop its own approaches to the education of students. Curators in cooperation with other teachers form the intra-University system of education.The article presents the data of the survey of students of the first and second courses of the direction of Agroengineering of the state agrarian University of the Northern Urals about the life guidelines of modern youth. As a result, such disturbing factors as addiction to computer games, unwillingness of students to participate in public life of the University and problems with Patriotic education are revealed. Different understanding of the purpose, objectives and methods of implementation of the educational function of universities creates difficulties in the organization of such work. To eliminate these problems, it is necessary to create a scientific and methodological basis for educational activities of the University, to develop common approaches. Educational work in the modern system of higher education is a fundamental factor in the formation of a graduate of the University as a competitive person with professional knowledge, a high cultural level, as a self-sufficient person capable of self-development and take responsibility for decisions.
本文的意义在于思考现代教育条件下的大学生教育问题和对高校教师劳动职能的新要求。二十世纪九十年代,范式和人生取向的转变导致了俄罗斯青年人生原则的变化。在年轻一代中,自私的消费生活态度已经成为对国家未来的直接威胁。因此,大学恢复教育工作已成为时代的需要。教育与培训在教育过程中交织在一起,每个教师都自愿或不自觉地从事教育工作,但主要角色是分配给策展研究所,它仍然是这一问题的旗舰。每所大学都试图发展自己的学生教育方法。策展人与其他教师合作形成了大学内部的教育体系。本文介绍了对北乌拉尔国立农业大学农业工程方向一、二班学生关于现代青年生活准则的调查数据。从而暴露出学生沉迷电脑游戏、不愿参与大学公共生活、爱国主义教育存在问题等令人不安的因素。对高校教育职能实施的宗旨、目标和方法的认识不同,给高校教育职能的组织工作带来了困难。为了消除这些问题,必须为联合国大学的教育活动建立科学和方法基础,制定共同的办法。在现代高等教育体系中,教育工作是将大学毕业生培养成为具有专业知识、具有较高文化水平、具有自我发展能力和对决策负责能力的具有竞争力的人才的根本因素。
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引用次数: 0
Features of social design in the process of professional training of bachelors of pedagogical high school 高师本科专业培养过程中的社会设计特征
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.15862/48PDMN518
Marina M. Shubovich, Irina A. Plohova, N. V. Bibikova, L. Eremina
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引用次数: 1
History of formation of the system of higher pedagogical education in the Irkutsk region 伊尔库茨克地区高等教育体系形成的历史
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.15862/43pdmn518
N. Ippolitova, Natalia Knyazkova
. The article is devoted to the history of the emergence and development of pedagogical educational institutions in the territory of the Irkutsk region (province). The formation of the main educational institutions of pedagogical profile is considered. There are four main historical periods of the formation of pedagogical education in the region: pre-revolutionary, Soviet (which includes 3 main stages: pre-war, military and post-war), the period of restructuring and modern. When examining each of the periods, it becomes obvious that educational institutions involved in the training of teachers are catalysts for the socio-economic development of the territory and the country as a whole. In the course of the study it was revealed that the development of higher pedagogical education in the region took place in line with the main trends of the modernization processes in Russian society. However, there were features of the historical and cultural development of the Irkutsk region, which determined the specificity of the solution of educational problems. The socio-economic processes that take place in the region and in Siberia as a whole have had a significant impact on the development of the system for training teachers. The study confirms that the development of pedagogical education in the Irkutsk region went and is in line with national trends, but has its own regional specifics. At present, there is an acute shortage of young teachers in the region, as well as specialists who meet the requirements of the unified professional standard of pedagogical workers, all this is happening against the background of a decrease in budgetary places in pedagogical institutions of higher education.
. 本文专门介绍了伊尔库茨克地区(省)境内教学教育机构的出现和发展的历史。对主要教育机构的教学概况的形成进行了思考。该地区的教育学教育形成有四个主要的历史时期:革命前、苏联时期(包括战前、军事和战后三个主要阶段)、转型时期和近代。在审查每一个时期时,很明显,参与培训教师的教育机构是促进领土和整个国家社会经济发展的催化剂。在研究过程中发现,该地区高等教育的发展符合俄罗斯社会现代化进程的主要趋势。然而,伊尔库茨克地区的历史和文化发展有其特点,这决定了解决教育问题的特殊性。在该区域和整个西伯利亚发生的社会经济进程对教师培训制度的发展产生了重大影响。该研究证实,伊尔库茨克地区的教学教育发展符合全国趋势,但也有自己的地区特点。目前,该地区的青年教师和符合统一的教育工作者专业标准要求的专业人员严重短缺,这一切都是在高等教育教育机构预算名额减少的背景下发生的。
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引用次数: 0
The development of intercultural foreign language competence of University students of economics 经济专业大学生跨文化外语能力的培养
Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.15862/16pdamn218
Olga Frolova, V. Lopatinskaya
The article deals with the problem of formation of intercultural competence in the process of learning a professionally oriented foreign language. It is noted that the formation of intercultural competence can be structured, organized and strengthened in special training which has several stages. The stages of formation of intercultural competence are analyzed from the socio-cultural standpoint. The article describes the organization of the educational process oriented to the dialogue of cultures, an introduction to the culture of the country of the target language. On the basis of theoretical analysis of existing approaches the criteria of intercultural competence formation are formulated. They include: ethnographic knowledge of the culture of the country of the target language, knowledge of the norms of conduct of native speakers, ability to compare native and foreign language cultures, communicative abilities (abilities to interpret and build verbal and non-verbal behavior in accordance with the norms of the culture of the target language), readiness for dialogue of cultures, empathic abilities. The authors also determine the pedagogical conditions of effective formation of intercultural competence, the main of which are: taking into account the individual characteristics of students, the level of their linguistic and general cultural training; communicative training of professionally oriented foreign language considering the specifics of the university; unity of classroom and extracurricular activities; use of authentic teaching and methodological material; interdisciplinary integration; reliance on the comparative principle of languages and cultures studies and the dialogue of cultures; creative and activity approach; use of problem-based learning methods; using role-playing and business games within the framework of the contextual approach. The article considers the proposed model of the development of intercultural competence that can serve as a basis for the development of educational trajectory of students and is recommended to be introduced into practice of professionally-oriented foreign language teaching.
本文探讨了在专业外语学习过程中跨文化能力的形成问题。报告指出,跨文化能力的形成可以在特殊培训中加以组织、组织和加强,这种培训分几个阶段。从社会文化的角度分析了跨文化能力的形成阶段。文章描述了以文化对话为导向的教育过程的组织,介绍了目的语国家的文化。在对现有研究方法进行理论分析的基础上,提出了跨文化能力形成的标准。它们包括:对目的语国家文化的民族志知识、对母语人士行为规范的了解、比较母语和外语文化的能力、交际能力(根据目的语文化规范解释和建立语言和非语言行为的能力)、文化对话的准备程度、移情能力。作者还确定了有效形成跨文化能力的教学条件,主要有:考虑学生的个人特点、他们的语言和一般文化训练水平;结合高校特点的专业外语交际训练课堂与课外活动相统一;使用真实的教学和方法论材料;跨学科的整合;语言文化研究的比较原理与文化对话创新和活动方法;使用基于问题的学习方法;在上下文方法的框架内使用角色扮演和商业游戏。本文认为所提出的跨文化能力发展模式可以作为学生教育轨迹发展的基础,并建议将其引入专业化外语教学的实践中。
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引用次数: 3
Analysis and ways to improve the quality of preparing students for the UnifiedState Exam in Geography 地理统考分析及提高学生备考质量的途径
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15862/37pdmn319
N. Ippolitova, V. Suslova
The article presents an analysis of the preparation of schoolchild for the unified stateexam in geography, which is a form of final certification and entrance test for admission to theUniversity, differentiating students according to the level of training of graduates. In addition, theresults of the exam, allow to identify new educational routes: to clarify the content of training programsand the correspondence of educational literature, etc.The study was carried out on the basis of statistical and analytical materials on the results ofthe exam in geography, presented by the Federal Institute of pedagogical measurements and regionalcenters of information processing, and institutes for the development of education of subjects. Theanalysis was subject to such main results as the number and proportion of participants in the exam, theaverage score of the examination work, the number of participants who scored the maximum test score,and did not overcome the minimum threshold in the period from 2013 to 2018. The combined resultsof the early, basic and additional exam period were taken into account.In the study of the main results of the exam in geography in the regions of the Siberian Federaldistrict revealed a direct correlation between the relevance of the results of the exam in geography inthe universities and the statistical indicators of the results of the exam. Groups of regions with highand low level of development of geographical education are allocated.Certain solutions that contribute to improving the level of geographical education in terms ofthe main results of the exam. One of the main ways to improve the quality of preparation for the examin geography is the popularization of science, the adoption of the Concept of geographical education(developed by the Russian geographical society), as well as the revision and specification ofexamination papers, textbooks, organization of forms of preparation available to schoolchild for theexam in schools.
本文分析了地理统考的学生准备情况,地理统考是一种最终认证和入学考试,根据毕业生的培养水平对学生进行区分。此外,考试结果还可以确定新的教育路线:明确培训计划的内容和教育文献的对应关系等。研究是在联邦教学测量研究所、地区信息处理中心和学科教育发展研究所提供的地理考试结果的统计和分析材料的基础上进行的。分析以2013年至2018年期间参加考试的人数和比例、考试工作的平均成绩、获得最高考试成绩的人数和未超过最低门槛的人数等主要结果为依据。早期、基础和附加考试的综合成绩被考虑在内。在对西伯利亚联邦区地区地理考试主要成绩的研究中,揭示了大学地理考试成绩的相关性与考试成绩的统计指标之间的直接相关性。划分了地理教育发展水平高低的区域群。从考试的主要结果来看,有助于提高地理教育水平的某些解决方案。提高地理备考质量的主要途径之一是科学普及,采用地理教育理念(由俄罗斯地理学会提出),以及修订和规范试卷、教科书,组织学校学生备考的形式。
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引用次数: 0
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World of Science. Pedagogy and psychology
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