Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2022.3167705
I. Mansour, Marwa Mansour, M. Aboualalaa, A. Allam, A. Abdel-Rahman, R. Pokharel, M. Abo-Zahhad
This work introduces a low phase-noise (PN) wideband voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO) by proposing five ports transformer in 0.18-$mu text{m}$ CMOS technology. The proposed VCO uses five ports transformer and operates in the low band when all the pMOS–nMOS cross-coupled VCO components are activated, whereas this VCO operates in the high band using only part of the transformer, and an nMOS cross-coupled core. The transformer is designed using the top metal layer (M6) and the first inductor is meander line U-shaped center tap inductor, while the second inductor consists of two shunted octagonal loops to increase the quality (${Q}$ -) factor compared with using a single-loop inductor. The wideband switched transformer VCO achieves a measured frequency tuning range (FTR) of 16.4–17.1 GHz with a PN of −113.3 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset, and from 17 to 17.9 GHz with a PN of −110.3 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset in the low and high bands, respectively. The achieved figure-of-merit (FoM) is −189 and −186.4 dBc/Hz in the low and high bands, respectively.
{"title":"Ku-Band Low Phase Noise VCO Using High-Quality Factor Transformer in 0.18-μm CMOS Technology","authors":"I. Mansour, Marwa Mansour, M. Aboualalaa, A. Allam, A. Abdel-Rahman, R. Pokharel, M. Abo-Zahhad","doi":"10.1109/LMWC.2022.3167705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2022.3167705","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces a low phase-noise (PN) wideband voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO) by proposing five ports transformer in 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$mu text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology. The proposed VCO uses five ports transformer and operates in the low band when all the pMOS–nMOS cross-coupled VCO components are activated, whereas this VCO operates in the high band using only part of the transformer, and an nMOS cross-coupled core. The transformer is designed using the top metal layer (M6) and the first inductor is meander line U-shaped center tap inductor, while the second inductor consists of two shunted octagonal loops to increase the quality (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-) factor compared with using a single-loop inductor. The wideband switched transformer VCO achieves a measured frequency tuning range (FTR) of 16.4–17.1 GHz with a PN of −113.3 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset, and from 17 to 17.9 GHz with a PN of −110.3 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset in the low and high bands, respectively. The achieved figure-of-merit (FoM) is −189 and −186.4 dBc/Hz in the low and high bands, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13130,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"1207-1210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42142121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2022.3170929
Youming Zhang, Zhennan Wei, Xusheng Tang, Linghan Zhang, F. Huang
This letter presents a convenient approach based on the two-port $kQ$ -product theory to analyze the influence of interwinding capacitive coupling on the efficiency of the transformer. It is demonstrated that a transformer with proper size can benefit from the interwinding capacitive coupling to maximize its efficiency at a desired frequency. The proposed design approach is used in a $W$ -band low-noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated with the 40-nm CMOS process to optimize the insertion loss of the input transformer-based balun. Thanks to the approach, the $W$ -band LNA achieves a minimum noise figure of 5.7 dB, a maximum gain of 18.5 dB, and a 3-dB bandwidth of 76.5–92.6 GHz, while consuming 23.4 mW from a 0.9-V supply.
{"title":"A 76.5–92.6 GHz CMOS LNA Using Two-Port kQ-Product Theory for Transformer Design","authors":"Youming Zhang, Zhennan Wei, Xusheng Tang, Linghan Zhang, F. Huang","doi":"10.1109/LMWC.2022.3170929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2022.3170929","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a convenient approach based on the two-port <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$kQ$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-product theory to analyze the influence of interwinding capacitive coupling on the efficiency of the transformer. It is demonstrated that a transformer with proper size can benefit from the interwinding capacitive coupling to maximize its efficiency at a desired frequency. The proposed design approach is used in a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$W$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated with the 40-nm CMOS process to optimize the insertion loss of the input transformer-based balun. Thanks to the approach, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$W$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band LNA achieves a minimum noise figure of 5.7 dB, a maximum gain of 18.5 dB, and a 3-dB bandwidth of 76.5–92.6 GHz, while consuming 23.4 mW from a 0.9-V supply.","PeriodicalId":13130,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"1187-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42747277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2022.3174657
Wen-Jing Chen, Shengze Sun, L. Lei, Jun Hu
A fast frequency-sweep method for microwave circuit simulation based on a full-wave solver is presented in this letter. The complexity of the mathematical model of the augmented electric field integral equation (A-EFIE) system is reduced by employing the model-order reduction (MOR) technique, where the reduced-order subspace is constructed by singular value decomposition (SVD). Compared to the A-EFIE with the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) technique, the A-EIFE with the SVD-based MOR technique can speed up the broadband circuit analysis more efficiently.
{"title":"A-EFIE With Model-Order Reduction Technique for Fast Analysis of Circuit Simulation","authors":"Wen-Jing Chen, Shengze Sun, L. Lei, Jun Hu","doi":"10.1109/LMWC.2022.3174657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2022.3174657","url":null,"abstract":"A fast frequency-sweep method for microwave circuit simulation based on a full-wave solver is presented in this letter. The complexity of the mathematical model of the augmented electric field integral equation (A-EFIE) system is reduced by employing the model-order reduction (MOR) technique, where the reduced-order subspace is constructed by singular value decomposition (SVD). Compared to the A-EFIE with the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) technique, the A-EIFE with the SVD-based MOR technique can speed up the broadband circuit analysis more efficiently.","PeriodicalId":13130,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"1143-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45386322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2022.3171405
Baichuan Chen, R. Pokharel, Samundra K. Thapa, Nusrat Jahan, A. Barakat
This letter presents a $V$ -band low phase noise voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) design using a novel integrated two-branches defected ground structure (DGS) resonator in 0.18-$mu text{m}$ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The proposed DGS resonator is realized in the top metal layer (M6) which has not only a higher quality factor than its predecessors but is also effective to reduce the length of interconnects. The measured carrier frequency and phase noise are 49 GHz and −122.05 dBc/Hz (−102.58 dBc/Hz) at 10-MHz (1-MHz) offset frequencies, respectively. The VCO core consumes 5.5 mW of dc power from the dc supply, which results in a figure of merit (FoM) of −189 dBc/Hz. The proposed VCO using the two-branches DGS resonator may give an alternative low-cost solution for designing a high-performance VCO or frequency synthesizer at $V$ -band and beyond.
{"title":"Design of 50-GHz Low Phase Noise VCO Employing Two-Branches DGS Resonator in 0.18-μm CMOS Technology","authors":"Baichuan Chen, R. Pokharel, Samundra K. Thapa, Nusrat Jahan, A. Barakat","doi":"10.1109/LMWC.2022.3171405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2022.3171405","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band low phase noise voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) design using a novel integrated two-branches defected ground structure (DGS) resonator in 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$mu text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The proposed DGS resonator is realized in the top metal layer (M6) which has not only a higher quality factor than its predecessors but is also effective to reduce the length of interconnects. The measured carrier frequency and phase noise are 49 GHz and −122.05 dBc/Hz (−102.58 dBc/Hz) at 10-MHz (1-MHz) offset frequencies, respectively. The VCO core consumes 5.5 mW of dc power from the dc supply, which results in a figure of merit (FoM) of −189 dBc/Hz. The proposed VCO using the two-branches DGS resonator may give an alternative low-cost solution for designing a high-performance VCO or frequency synthesizer at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band and beyond.","PeriodicalId":13130,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"1203-1206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49363038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2022.3175993
Yong Wu, Q. Zeng
In this letter, the authors propose a novel dual-band waveguide filter with multiple transmission zeros (TZs) based on multi-coupled resonators in the rectangular waveguide using TE102- and TE103-modes. The dual-band of the filter is implemented by five oversized resonant cavities working in TE102- and TE103-modes with the central frequencies of the pass-bands close to 30.1 and 38.2 GHz, respectively. This rectangular waveguide filter consists of five resonators, each of which is connected to the source port through the narrow wall of the WR-28 rectangular waveguide, generating multiple TZs in the frequency range 26–40 GHz. To verify the performance of this novel filter, a prototype of it is fabricated and measured, achieving a good agreement between the simulated and measured results.
{"title":"A Novel Dual-Band Waveguide Filter With Multiple Transmission Zeros Based on TE102- and TE103-Modes","authors":"Yong Wu, Q. Zeng","doi":"10.1109/LMWC.2022.3175993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2022.3175993","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, the authors propose a novel dual-band waveguide filter with multiple transmission zeros (TZs) based on multi-coupled resonators in the rectangular waveguide using TE102- and TE103-modes. The dual-band of the filter is implemented by five oversized resonant cavities working in TE102- and TE103-modes with the central frequencies of the pass-bands close to 30.1 and 38.2 GHz, respectively. This rectangular waveguide filter consists of five resonators, each of which is connected to the source port through the narrow wall of the WR-28 rectangular waveguide, generating multiple TZs in the frequency range 26–40 GHz. To verify the performance of this novel filter, a prototype of it is fabricated and measured, achieving a good agreement between the simulated and measured results.","PeriodicalId":13130,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"1159-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45437273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2022.3170721
Benedikt Meinecke, David Werbunat, Qasim Haidari, Matthias Linder, C. Waldschmidt
With radar networks, the resolution of critical radar parameters such as Doppler and angle can be improved compared to a single radar sensor. As the network’s aperture is considerably larger than that of a single radar, a much higher angular resolution is achieved. However, with a large aperture, range-dependent phase deviations, that is, near-field effects, occur and affect the angle estimation. In this work, these near-field effects are evaluated exemplarily for a coherent network. Furthermore, a new strategy to compensate for those network near-field effects is proposed and demonstrated based on measurements. The benefits of the near-field compensation are emphasized by comparing the network’s angle-estimation capabilities with and without compensated near-field effects.
{"title":"Near-Field Compensation for Coherent Radar Networks","authors":"Benedikt Meinecke, David Werbunat, Qasim Haidari, Matthias Linder, C. Waldschmidt","doi":"10.1109/LMWC.2022.3170721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2022.3170721","url":null,"abstract":"With radar networks, the resolution of critical radar parameters such as Doppler and angle can be improved compared to a single radar sensor. As the network’s aperture is considerably larger than that of a single radar, a much higher angular resolution is achieved. However, with a large aperture, range-dependent phase deviations, that is, near-field effects, occur and affect the angle estimation. In this work, these near-field effects are evaluated exemplarily for a coherent network. Furthermore, a new strategy to compensate for those network near-field effects is proposed and demonstrated based on measurements. The benefits of the near-field compensation are emphasized by comparing the network’s angle-estimation capabilities with and without compensated near-field effects.","PeriodicalId":13130,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"1251-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44472478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2022.3172027
T. Silveira, P. Pinho, N. Carvalho
This letter presents a new passive sensor for temperature measurements based on a harmonic radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag that uses the temperature sensitivity of Schottky diodes as the main component for the generation of harmonics. The design of the harmonic sensor is based on the fact that the diode is a nonlinear device that when excited at one fundamental frequency generates harmonics of that signal. In this case, the generation mechanism is sensitive to temperature due to the diode thermal voltage variation with temperature. Measurements prove the performance of the sensor.
{"title":"Harmonic RFID Temperature Sensor Design for Harsh Environments","authors":"T. Silveira, P. Pinho, N. Carvalho","doi":"10.1109/LMWC.2022.3172027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2022.3172027","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a new passive sensor for temperature measurements based on a harmonic radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag that uses the temperature sensitivity of Schottky diodes as the main component for the generation of harmonics. The design of the harmonic sensor is based on the fact that the diode is a nonlinear device that when excited at one fundamental frequency generates harmonics of that signal. In this case, the generation mechanism is sensitive to temperature due to the diode thermal voltage variation with temperature. Measurements prove the performance of the sensor.","PeriodicalId":13130,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"1239-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43117291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2022.3176465
Fei He, Qian Xie, Meng Ni, Zheng Wang
In this letter, a novel over-push method is proposed to improve the power gain of amplifiers with an embedding network and a lossy matching network (MN) at near- $f_{mathrm {max}}$ frequency. The gain-plane approach has been employed to study the change of the maximum available gain when adding the lossy MN to the embedded core. The proposed over-push method can effectively improve the power gain by compensating the effect of the lossy MN to the maximum available gain of an embedded core. To verify the proposed method, a three-stage amplifier has been implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process with a measured power gain of 17.1 dB at 134 GHz.
{"title":"A Novel Over-Push Gain-Boosting Technique for Embedded Amplifier at Near-fmax Frequencies","authors":"Fei He, Qian Xie, Meng Ni, Zheng Wang","doi":"10.1109/LMWC.2022.3176465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2022.3176465","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a novel over-push method is proposed to improve the power gain of amplifiers with an embedding network and a lossy matching network (MN) at near- $f_{mathrm {max}}$ frequency. The gain-plane approach has been employed to study the change of the maximum available gain when adding the lossy MN to the embedded core. The proposed over-push method can effectively improve the power gain by compensating the effect of the lossy MN to the maximum available gain of an embedded core. To verify the proposed method, a three-stage amplifier has been implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process with a measured power gain of 17.1 dB at 134 GHz.","PeriodicalId":13130,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"1199-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44419755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2022.3173441
Yan Qu, G. Crupi, Jialin Cai
In this letter, a new Bayesian optimization (BO) method with dynamic feasible region shrinkage (DFRS) technique for power amplifier (PA) design is proposed. As a powerful optimization tool, it provides a more effective way to optimize the performance of PA than the embedded commercial optimization tools. It also has a better convergence speed than the existing fixed mode acquisition function. Results show that the new technique provides a great optimization for PA design, not only for circuit optimization but also for electromagnetic (EM) optimization.
{"title":"A Broadband PA Design Based on Bayesian Optimization Augmented by Dynamic Feasible Region Shrinkage","authors":"Yan Qu, G. Crupi, Jialin Cai","doi":"10.1109/LMWC.2022.3173441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2022.3173441","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a new Bayesian optimization (BO) method with dynamic feasible region shrinkage (DFRS) technique for power amplifier (PA) design is proposed. As a powerful optimization tool, it provides a more effective way to optimize the performance of PA than the embedded commercial optimization tools. It also has a better convergence speed than the existing fixed mode acquisition function. Results show that the new technique provides a great optimization for PA design, not only for circuit optimization but also for electromagnetic (EM) optimization.","PeriodicalId":13130,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"1139-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46464641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1109/lmwc.2022.3198205
Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.
列出本刊的编辑委员会、理事会、现任工作人员、委员会成员和/或社团编辑。
{"title":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/lmwc.2022.3198205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2022.3198205","url":null,"abstract":"Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication. ","PeriodicalId":13130,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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