Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important horticultural crop, but it is seriously affected by salt stress. GR24, the synthetic analogue of Strigolactones (SLs) is used in the study as an efficient and harmless growth regulator. Therefore, further exploration of the mechanism of exogenous SLs is necessary to improve tomato salt tolerance. In this study, RNA-seq analysis, sulfite whole genome sequencing and methylation-specific PCR were used to conduct salt stress analysis on the leaf samples of the tomato variety "Micro-Tom" seedlings treated with exogenous SLs. Research shows that exogenous SLs alleviate the inhibition of the number of leaves, root surface area and root volume resulting from salt stress. Compared with the 150 mmol·L−1 NaCl treatment, 150 mmol·L−1 NaCl +15 μmol·L−1 GR24 treatment increases the leaf number, root surface area and root volume by 26.67 %, 55.76 % and 55.81 %, respectively, suggesting that exogenous SLs-mediated DNA demethylation may play an important role in the salt tolerance of the four-leaf stage tomato seedlings. RNA-sequencing and genome-wide methylation analysis show that exogenous SLs reduce DNA methylation levels to affect phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis under salt stress. SLs-mediated DNA demethylation increases phenethylamine (PEA), coumarin, caffeic acid, and lignin contents, but decreases l-Phenylalanine (LPA) and cinnamic acid (CA) contents. Meanwhile, the activities of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), phenylalanine decarboxylase (HDC), 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-d-quinate 3′-monooxygenase (CYP98A3), and beta-glucosidase (BGLU) are enhanced, and 6 genes related to phenylpropanoid metabolism (SlPAL5, SlHDC, SlBGLU41, SlCYP98A3, SlCYP73A4, and Sl4CLL7) in the pathway were induced. The demethylation of SlCYP98A3 at CG site in promoter, SlBGLU41 at CG site in gene body, SlPAL5 at CHG site in gene body, SlPAL at CHG site in promoter and SlHDC at CHG site in promoter may result in the transcription of the genes, activating other genes expression. These findings demonstrate that exogenous SLs may improve the salt tolerance of tomato seedlings by regulating phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The results provide a reference for in-depth analysis of the response mechanism of SLs under abiotic stress.
{"title":"Strigolactone-mediated DNA demethylation induces phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to alleviate salt stress in tomato","authors":"Changxia Li, Yuxia Yao, Xiaping Gong, Xuefang Lu, Shaoxia Li, Wenjin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (<ce:italic>Solanum lycopersicum</ce:italic> L.) is an important horticultural crop, but it is seriously affected by salt stress. GR24, the synthetic analogue of Strigolactones (SLs) is used in the study as an efficient and harmless growth regulator. Therefore, further exploration of the mechanism of exogenous SLs is necessary to improve tomato salt tolerance. In this study, RNA-seq analysis, sulfite whole genome sequencing and methylation-specific PCR were used to conduct salt stress analysis on the leaf samples of the tomato variety \"Micro-Tom\" seedlings treated with exogenous SLs. Research shows that exogenous SLs alleviate the inhibition of the number of leaves, root surface area and root volume resulting from salt stress. Compared with the 150 mmol·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> NaCl treatment, 150 mmol·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> NaCl +15 μmol·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> GR24 treatment increases the leaf number, root surface area and root volume by 26.67 %, 55.76 % and 55.81 %, respectively, suggesting that exogenous SLs-mediated DNA demethylation may play an important role in the salt tolerance of the four-leaf stage tomato seedlings. RNA-sequencing and genome-wide methylation analysis show that exogenous SLs reduce DNA methylation levels to affect phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis under salt stress. SLs-mediated DNA demethylation increases phenethylamine (PEA), coumarin, caffeic acid, and lignin contents, but decreases <ce:small-caps>l</ce:small-caps>-Phenylalanine (LPA) and cinnamic acid (CA) contents. Meanwhile, the activities of <ce:small-caps>l</ce:small-caps>-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), phenylalanine decarboxylase (HDC), 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-<ce:small-caps>d</ce:small-caps>-quinate 3′-monooxygenase (CYP98A3), and beta-glucosidase (BGLU) are enhanced, and 6 genes related to phenylpropanoid metabolism (<ce:italic>SlPAL5</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>SlHDC</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>SlBGLU41</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>SlCYP98A3</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>SlCYP73A4</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>Sl4CLL7</ce:italic>) in the pathway were induced. The demethylation of <ce:italic>SlCYP98A3</ce:italic> at CG site in promoter, <ce:italic>SlBGLU41</ce:italic> at CG site in gene body, <ce:italic>SlPAL5</ce:italic> at CHG site in gene body, <ce:italic>SlPAL</ce:italic> at CHG site in promoter and <ce:italic>SlHDC</ce:italic> at CHG site in promoter may result in the transcription of the genes, activating other genes expression. These findings demonstrate that exogenous SLs may improve the salt tolerance of tomato seedlings by regulating phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The results provide a reference for in-depth analysis of the response mechanism of SLs under abiotic stress.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2025.06.014
Shuo Ma, Tong Li, Ziquan Feng, Wenping Hou, Shunfeng Ge, Yali Zhang, Yanhui Lv, Han Jiang, Yuanyuan Li
The outermost protective layer of plant cells is known as the cell wall, and it mostly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. The primary component of the hemicellulose in the cell wall of higher plants is xyloglucan, which provides the cell wall with mechanical support and restricts cell growth. XTH gene family members contribute to the remodeling of plant cell walls by encoding proteins with glycosyltransferase/hydrolase activity, which can mediate the cleavage and rearrangement of xyloglucan chains. Plants can enhance their resilience to external stress by modifying the structure and composition of the cell wall. However, few studies have been conducted on the XTH gene family in apples. Here, we successfully isolated MdXTH15 from the apple genome and found that it contained a highly conserved GH16-XET domain. The expression of this gene was highest in the stem of the apple, and it responded to external abiotic stress treatment. The protein was found to be localized to the plasma membrane by subcellular localization analysis. Its overexpression enhanced abiotic stress and pathogen resistance in both apple and Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying stress resistance at the cell wall level and provided a novel perspective on this phenomenon. Overall, our findings provide a novel approach for enhancing the stress resistance of apples.
{"title":"Apple gene MdXTH15, encoding endotransferase/hydrolase for xyloglucan, can improve plant resistance to drought, salt, and pathogen stresses","authors":"Shuo Ma, Tong Li, Ziquan Feng, Wenping Hou, Shunfeng Ge, Yali Zhang, Yanhui Lv, Han Jiang, Yuanyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.06.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"The outermost protective layer of plant cells is known as the cell wall, and it mostly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. The primary component of the hemicellulose in the cell wall of higher plants is xyloglucan, which provides the cell wall with mechanical support and restricts cell growth. <ce:italic>XTH</ce:italic> gene family members contribute to the remodeling of plant cell walls by encoding proteins with glycosyltransferase/hydrolase activity, which can mediate the cleavage and rearrangement of xyloglucan chains. Plants can enhance their resilience to external stress by modifying the structure and composition of the cell wall. However, few studies have been conducted on the <ce:italic>XTH</ce:italic> gene family in apples. Here, we successfully isolated <ce:italic>MdXTH15</ce:italic> from the apple genome and found that it contained a highly conserved GH16-XET domain. The expression of this gene was highest in the stem of the apple, and it responded to external abiotic stress treatment. The protein was found to be localized to the plasma membrane by subcellular localization analysis. Its overexpression enhanced abiotic stress and pathogen resistance in both apple and <ce:italic>Arabidopsis</ce:italic>. Furthermore, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying stress resistance at the cell wall level and provided a novel perspective on this phenomenon. Overall, our findings provide a novel approach for enhancing the stress resistance of apples.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2025.05.018
Ke Wang, Baigeng Hu, Shiqi Wen, Philip James Kear, Lina Shang, Shiwei Chang, Dianqiu Lyu, Hongju Jian
Soil salinization is one of the most prominent abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production. As the third most significant staple crop, the potato exhibits heightened sensitivity to salt stress. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a key regulator of gene expression, significantly impacting plant growth and stress response. However, the role of APA in response to salt stress remains elusive in potato, as genetic resources for salt-tolerant potatoes are limited. In this study, germplasms of nine salt-sensitive and seven salt-tolerant accessions were screened, respectively. Salt-tolerant germplasms exhibited superior ROS scavenging capabilities and ionic balance compared to salt-sensitive germplasms. This study characterized APA events in leaves and roots of Morocco 1 (salt-tolerant) and Qingshu 9 (salt-sensitive) under control and salt stress using TAIL-seq. Salt stress induced global APA dynamics in potato. A total of 1 831 and 4 235 APA genes were identified in the leaves and roots of Qingshu 9, respectively. In contrast, Morocco 1 exhibited only 559 and 2 696 APA genes in its leaves and roots, respectively. APA led to an average extension of the 3’ UTR of most genes by 25 bp. Moreover, five candidate genes potentially responsive to salt stress via APA were identified. In summary, our results illustrate that APA is significant for regulating gene expression under salt stress, providing new perspectives for studying salt tolerance in potato.
{"title":"Screening of salt-tolerant potato germplasms and dynamic changes of APA in response to salt stress","authors":"Ke Wang, Baigeng Hu, Shiqi Wen, Philip James Kear, Lina Shang, Shiwei Chang, Dianqiu Lyu, Hongju Jian","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.05.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization is one of the most prominent abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production. As the third most significant staple crop, the potato exhibits heightened sensitivity to salt stress. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a key regulator of gene expression, significantly impacting plant growth and stress response. However, the role of APA in response to salt stress remains elusive in potato, as genetic resources for salt-tolerant potatoes are limited. In this study, germplasms of nine salt-sensitive and seven salt-tolerant accessions were screened, respectively. Salt-tolerant germplasms exhibited superior ROS scavenging capabilities and ionic balance compared to salt-sensitive germplasms. This study characterized APA events in leaves and roots of Morocco 1 (salt-tolerant) and Qingshu 9 (salt-sensitive) under control and salt stress using TAIL-seq. Salt stress induced global APA dynamics in potato. A total of 1 831 and 4 235 APA genes were identified in the leaves and roots of Qingshu 9, respectively. In contrast, Morocco 1 exhibited only 559 and 2 696 APA genes in its leaves and roots, respectively. APA led to an average extension of the 3’ UTR of most genes by 25 bp. Moreover, five candidate genes potentially responsive to salt stress via APA were identified. In summary, our results illustrate that APA is significant for regulating gene expression under salt stress, providing new perspectives for studying salt tolerance in potato.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although both abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) play significant roles in regulating the development and quality of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries, the regulatory effects and mechanisms of the combined application of ABA and MeJA remain unclear. To further explore the optimal combination of these hormones for regulating the development of grape quality, combined ABA and MeJA treatments were carried out in this study, with ‘Jumeigui’ grape used as the material. The results indicated that the combined treatment of high-ABA and low-MeJA (HA + LM) increased the sugar-acid ratio, promoted the accumulation of phenolic substances in grape skins, and resulted in anthocyanin content 168.9 % higher than that of the control, significantly enhancing coloration. Additionally, the combined treatment of low-ABA and low-MeJA (LA + LM) was more conducive to the accumulation of phenols in grape, especially phenolic acid and resveratrol, as the total phenolic content increased by 38.96 % relative to that of the control. Moreover, the expressions of aroma-related genes were upregulated by the combined high-MeJA treatments. The combined treatment of high-ABA and high-MeJA (HA + HM) markedly increased terpene biosynthesis, followed by the LA + HM treatment, increasing the intensity of the rose flavor characteristics of the ‘Jumeigui’ grape. Therefore, the combination of MeJA and ABA at different concentrations had distinct effects on fruit quality and appropriate combinations can be selected according to the specific needs for the targeted metabolites.
{"title":"Effects of combined application of abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate on the regulation of anthocyanin and monoterpene biosynthesis in ‘Jumeigui’ grape","authors":"Zihan Zhang, Yujie Hu, Yangkang Zhang, Zhihao Deng, Li Chen, Wanping Li, Yulin Fang, Keqin Chen, Kekun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"Although both abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) play significant roles in regulating the development and quality of grape (<ce:italic>Vitis vinifera</ce:italic> L.) berries, the regulatory effects and mechanisms of the combined application of ABA and MeJA remain unclear. To further explore the optimal combination of these hormones for regulating the development of grape quality, combined ABA and MeJA treatments were carried out in this study, with ‘Jumeigui’ grape used as the material. The results indicated that the combined treatment of high-ABA and low-MeJA (HA + LM) increased the sugar-acid ratio, promoted the accumulation of phenolic substances in grape skins, and resulted in anthocyanin content 168.9 % higher than that of the control, significantly enhancing coloration. Additionally, the combined treatment of low-ABA and low-MeJA (LA + LM) was more conducive to the accumulation of phenols in grape, especially phenolic acid and resveratrol, as the total phenolic content increased by 38.96 % relative to that of the control. Moreover, the expressions of aroma-related genes were upregulated by the combined high-MeJA treatments. The combined treatment of high-ABA and high-MeJA (HA + HM) markedly increased terpene biosynthesis, followed by the LA + HM treatment, increasing the intensity of the rose flavor characteristics of the ‘Jumeigui’ grape. Therefore, the combination of MeJA and ABA at different concentrations had distinct effects on fruit quality and appropriate combinations can be selected according to the specific needs for the targeted metabolites.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium) is an excellent economic tree species in northern China, but its main distribution area often suffers from drought stress, which seriously affects its yield and the expansion of suitable growth area. The increase of ABA content and wax accumulation in plants are both measures to cope with drought stress, but the interaction mechanism between ABA and wax is currently unclear. We found that the high wax variety ‘Zhongshi 4’ has higher ABA level compared with the low-wax variety, and the XsMYB30 transcription factor which can positively regulate leaf wax synthesis was also up-regulated in the high-wax variety. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the relationship between ABA and XsMYB30 in the wax accumulation of yellowhorn. It was found that ABA synthesis inhibitor reduced the deposition of wax on the leaves of yellowhorn. Moreover, overexpression of XsMYB30 increased the ABA contents, affecting the stomatal aperture in response to drought. Biological analysis confirmed that XsMYB30 could directly bind to the promoter of XsNCED3 and promote its expression. We further showed that the inhibition of the ABA level resulted in the reduced wax accumulation and weakened drought resistance in XsMYB30 overexpression lines. Our research indicates that ABA plays an important role in XsMYB30-mediated cuticular wax accumulation and drought resistance, and provides new insights into the underlying mechanism between ABA and wax.
{"title":"ABA is involved in XsMYB30-mediated leaf wax accumulation and drought resistance in yellowhorn","authors":"Zhuo Ban, Huihui Xu, Yingying Yang, Chenxue Wang, Quanxin Bi, Xiaojuan Liu, Libing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"Yellowhorn (<ce:italic>Xanthoceras sorbifolium</ce:italic>) is an excellent economic tree species in northern China, but its main distribution area often suffers from drought stress, which seriously affects its yield and the expansion of suitable growth area. The increase of ABA content and wax accumulation in plants are both measures to cope with drought stress, but the interaction mechanism between ABA and wax is currently unclear. We found that the high wax variety ‘Zhongshi 4’ has higher ABA level compared with the low-wax variety, and the XsMYB30 transcription factor which can positively regulate leaf wax synthesis was also up-regulated in the high-wax variety. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the relationship between ABA and XsMYB30 in the wax accumulation of yellowhorn. It was found that ABA synthesis inhibitor reduced the deposition of wax on the leaves of yellowhorn. Moreover, overexpression of <ce:italic>XsMYB30</ce:italic> increased the ABA contents, affecting the stomatal aperture in response to drought. Biological analysis confirmed that XsMYB30 could directly bind to the promoter of <ce:italic>XsNCED3</ce:italic> and promote its expression. We further showed that the inhibition of the ABA level resulted in the reduced wax accumulation and weakened drought resistance in <ce:italic>XsMYB30</ce:italic> overexpression lines. Our research indicates that ABA plays an important role in XsMYB30-mediated cuticular wax accumulation and drought resistance, and provides new insights into the underlying mechanism between ABA and wax.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.018
Hossein Gorgini Shabankareh, Sarah Khorasaninejad, Hasan Soltanloo, Vahid Shariati
Drought, as the most catastrophic abiotic stress, poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants. Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress, abscisic acid (ABA) which is the sesquiterpene hormone, occupies a pivotal role. A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil (EO), thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replications and four irrigation regimes, including I4 [30 %–40 % of field capacity (FC)], I3 (50 %–60 % FC), I2 (70 %–80 % FC), and I1 (90 %–100 % FC) as control. Application of ABA spraying included three concentrations, A3 (30 μmol L−1 ABA), A2 (15 μmol L−1 ABA), and A1 as control (distilled water). Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content (RWC) and shoot dry mass. The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed. Specifically, the highest levels of flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity, peroxidase (POX) activity, and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions. Conversely, the highest levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions, while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions. Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of drought and ABA application, including linalool, camphor, borneol, bornyl formate, and caryophyllene oxide. The production pattern of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend, with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds (average of 12.92 %) being observed in the I2A3 treatment group, and the highest concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds (average of 64.76 %) being recorded in the I1A1 group. Conversely, the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds (14.98 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpene compounds (10.46 %) were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups, respectively, showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions. The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level. Conversely, the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions. It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds, aided by ABA with the same properties.
{"title":"Changes in essential oil-content and composition of Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote’ in response to abscisic acid under irrigation regimes","authors":"Hossein Gorgini Shabankareh, Sarah Khorasaninejad, Hasan Soltanloo, Vahid Shariati","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"Drought, as the most catastrophic abiotic stress, poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants. Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress, abscisic acid (ABA) which is the sesquiterpene hormone, occupies a pivotal role. A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of <ce:italic>Lavandula angustifolia</ce:italic> cv Hidcote essential oil (EO), thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replications and four irrigation regimes, including I4 [30 %–40 % of field capacity (FC)], I3 (50 %–60 % FC), I2 (70 %–80 % FC), and I1 (90 %–100 % FC) as control. Application of ABA spraying included three concentrations, A3 (30 μmol L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> ABA), A2 (15 μmol L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> ABA), and A1 as control (distilled water). Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content (RWC) and shoot dry mass. The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed. Specifically, the highest levels of flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity, peroxidase (POX) activity, and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions. Conversely, the highest levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions, while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions. Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of drought and ABA application, including linalool, camphor, borneol, bornyl formate, and caryophyllene oxide. The production pattern of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend, with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds (average of 12.92 %) being observed in the I2A3 treatment group, and the highest concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds (average of 64.76 %) being recorded in the I1A1 group. Conversely, the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds (14.98 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpene compounds (10.46 %) were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups, respectively, showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions. The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level. Conversely, the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions. It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds, aided by ABA with the same properties.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Citrus exhibits polyembryony, a form of sporophytic apomixis, which involves development of nucellar cells into embryos. Recent genetic mapping identified CitRWP, an RWP-RK transcription factor as a key regulator of polyembryony, however, there is lack of homozygous genotype of CitRWP and its promoter in nature. The mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of CitRWP induces somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis roots and leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in vegetative tissues of Fortunella hindsii. Transcriptomic analysis of CitRWP-overexpressing leaves revealed enrichment of differentially expressed genes involved in ROS metabolism, redox regulation, and antioxidant defense pathways. Analysis of the CitRWP promoter with miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) insertion revealed that no homozygous genotypes were detected among the artificially generated hybrid progeny, which is indicative of lethality of the CitRWP-overexpressing genotype. Luciferase assay, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, and CUT&Tag-qPCR confirmed that CitRWP directly binds to and activates the alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA) promoter. Overexpression of NDA in F. hindsii resulted in H2O2 accumulation, leaf chlorosis, and growth inhibition. Our results indicate that CitRWP promotes H2O2 production via NDA activation, providing new insights into its regulatory role in citrus polyembryony.
{"title":"Citrus polyembryony gene CitRWP activates alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenase and triggers H2O2 accumulation","authors":"Chunming Tan, Wanqi Ai, Meizhen Song, Gang Hu, Xiang Zhang, Huilan Liu, Huihui Jia, Zhixiong Rao, Xia Wang, Zongcheng Lin, Yuantao Xu, Qiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus exhibits polyembryony, a form of sporophytic apomixis, which involves development of nucellar cells into embryos. Recent genetic mapping identified CitRWP, an RWP-RK transcription factor as a key regulator of polyembryony, however, there is lack of homozygous genotype of <ce:italic>CitRWP</ce:italic> and its promoter in nature. The mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of <ce:italic>CitRWP</ce:italic> induces somatic embryogenesis in <ce:italic>Arabidopsis</ce:italic> roots and leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in vegetative tissues of <ce:italic>Fortunella hindsii</ce:italic>. Transcriptomic analysis of <ce:italic>CitRWP</ce:italic>-overexpressing leaves revealed enrichment of differentially expressed genes involved in ROS metabolism, redox regulation, and antioxidant defense pathways. Analysis of the <ce:italic>CitRWP</ce:italic> promoter with miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) insertion revealed that no homozygous genotypes were detected among the artificially generated hybrid progeny, which is indicative of lethality of the <ce:italic>CitRWP</ce:italic>-overexpressing genotype. Luciferase assay, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, and CUT&Tag-qPCR confirmed that CitRWP directly binds to and activates the alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (<ce:italic>NDA</ce:italic>) promoter. Overexpression of <ce:italic>NDA</ce:italic> in <ce:italic>F. hindsii</ce:italic> resulted in H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> accumulation, leaf chlorosis, and growth inhibition. Our results indicate that CitRWP promotes H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> production via <ce:italic>NDA</ce:italic> activation, providing new insights into its regulatory role in citrus polyembryony.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2025.06.011
Yanguo Ke, Farhat Abbas, Fuchu Hu, Zhe Chen, Huicong Wang
Auxin is a phytohormone that is critical for plant growth and development. The molecular mechanisms underlying auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling are well understood. However, the complex mechanism by which auxin regulates plant volatile biosynthesis has seldom been studied. A growing array of unique auxin-related plant volatiles have recently been discovered. This study comprehensively reviews recent findings on auxin and auxin-related genes and their roles in the formation of plant volatiles. This study highlights the implications of exogenous auxin application, genes involved in auxin signaling transduction, and hormonal crosstalk during volatile compound biosynthesis in plants. Plant hormones facilitate the integration of multiple volatile signals to enable specific and appropriate responses to environmental changes. This will improve our overall understanding of the role of auxins in plant volatile compound metabolic pathways. Recent studies have delineated the considerable advancements in elucidating the intricate methods by which plants employ auxin regulatory pathways to modulate the release of volatile chemicals during development and growth, along with prospective research paths.
{"title":"Auxin-mediated regulation of volatile organic compounds in plants","authors":"Yanguo Ke, Farhat Abbas, Fuchu Hu, Zhe Chen, Huicong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"Auxin is a phytohormone that is critical for plant growth and development. The molecular mechanisms underlying auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling are well understood. However, the complex mechanism by which auxin regulates plant volatile biosynthesis has seldom been studied. A growing array of unique auxin-related plant volatiles have recently been discovered. This study comprehensively reviews recent findings on auxin and auxin-related genes and their roles in the formation of plant volatiles. This study highlights the implications of exogenous auxin application, genes involved in auxin signaling transduction, and hormonal crosstalk during volatile compound biosynthesis in plants. Plant hormones facilitate the integration of multiple volatile signals to enable specific and appropriate responses to environmental changes. This will improve our overall understanding of the role of auxins in plant volatile compound metabolic pathways. Recent studies have delineated the considerable advancements in elucidating the intricate methods by which plants employ auxin regulatory pathways to modulate the release of volatile chemicals during development and growth, along with prospective research paths.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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