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Hybrid vigour studies for root yield traits across the environments in Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.) 不同环境下Ashwagandha根系产量性状杂交活力研究
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.31742/ijgpb.82.2.17
Gajala . Ameen
In the present experiment, 45 F1 hybrids of Ashwagandha were included in relation to investigate extent of heterosis for dry root yield and its attributing characters. The pooled ANOVA depicted the valuable amount of diversity existed among genotypes for all the characters. The significant estimates of heterosis in desirable direction were recorded in 22 hybrids over the mid parent, six hybrids over the better parent and six hybrids against the superior check (JA-134) for dry root yield, out of which the cross, UWS-309 × RVA-100 exhibited highest useful heterosis (17.42 %) for dry root yield across the environments, hence, the cross may be gainfully utilized.
以45个F1杂交Ashwagandha为材料,研究干根产量的杂种优势程度及其性状。汇总方差分析描述了所有性状的基因型之间存在有价值的多样性。结果表明,22个杂种比中亲本、6个杂种比中亲本和6个杂种比JA-134在干根产量上均表现出显著的优势,其中UWS-309 × RVA-100在干根产量上表现出最高的有效优势(17.42%),可以得到有效利用。
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引用次数: 2
Genome-wide mining of simple sequence repeats and development of polymorphic SSR markers in Aquilaria malaccensis 斑蝥简单序列重复序列的全基因组挖掘及多态性SSR标记的建立
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.31742/ijgpb.82.2.15
S. Bordoloi, N. .. Ravi, M. Modi, R. Jayaraj
Aquilaria malaccensis is one of the economically important tree species distributed in North-east India which produces oleoresinous heartwood known as Agarwood - the most expensive wood in the world. There are limited genomic resources in this species. Therefore, the publicly available whole-genome sequence of Aquilaria agallocha, which is a synonym of A. malaccensis, was utilized for genome-wide mining of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and to develop polymorphic SSR markers. In total 2,53,155 SSRs were identified from the draft genome. Primers were designed for di-nucleotide and tri-nucleotide repeats and screening of 90 such primers have resulted in the identification of 10 polymorphic markers. The present report is the first one for exhaustive identification of SSRs from the draft genome of the species. The SSR markers identified in the present study may be efficient in genomic analyses and useful in the genetic assessment and conservation of A. malaccensis.
沉香是一种重要的经济树种,分布在印度东北部,生产世界上最昂贵的木材——沉香木。这个物种的基因组资源有限。因此,利用已公开的malaccensis同义植物沉香(Aquilaria agallocha)全基因组序列,进行SSR (Simple sequence Repeats)的全基因组挖掘和多态性标记开发。从草图基因组中共鉴定出253,155个ssr。设计了双核苷酸和三核苷酸重复引物,筛选了90个引物,鉴定出10个多态性标记。本报告是第一个从该物种基因组草案中详尽鉴定SSRs的报告。本研究所鉴定的SSR标记可用于马六甲的基因组分析和遗传评价与保护。
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引用次数: 0
Validation of molecular markers linked to flowering time genes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 鹰嘴豆开花时间基因分子标记的验证
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.31742/ijgpb.82.1.14
Aswini Nunavath, V. Hegde, C. Bharadwaj, S. Tripathi, Rajendra Kumar, P. Jain, R. Singh, Supriya Sachdeva
The objective of the study was to validate molecular markers linked to genomic regions controlling flowering time in a set of Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) population derived from Pusa 362 (Late) x BGD 132 (Early) and 21 diverse genotypes differing in time of flowering in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The study of the polymorphic survey between parents using 27 linked markers of chickpea and Arabidopsis found 8 of them polymorphic. Bulked Segregant Analysis identified TA64 and TA142 as putatively linked to efl3 locus governing early flowering in chickpea that can be utilized for marker assisted selection. The PCR amplification of 6 polymorphic markers in germplasm showed the presence of one or more alleles in many of them (up to 3), indicating the complex nature of flowering time in chickpea. The amplification pattern of CaEfl3a-F1 marker linked to Efl3 early flowering allele of Arabidopsis in 21 chickpea germplasm indicated the presence of some conserved genomic sequences controlling flowering time in the two species.
本研究的目的是验证一组来自Pusa 362(Late)x BGD 132(Early)和21种不同基因型鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)的重组自交系(RILs)群体中与控制开花时间的基因组区域相连的分子标记拟南芥发现其中8个具有多态性。Bulked Segregant分析确定TA64和TA142被认为与调控鹰嘴豆早期开花的efl3基因座相连,可用于标记辅助选择。对种质中6个多态性标记的PCR扩增显示,其中许多(多达3个)标记中存在一个或多个等位基因,表明鹰嘴豆开花时间的复杂性。在21份鹰嘴豆种质中,与拟南芥Efl3早花等位基因连接的CaEfl3a-F1标记的扩增模式表明,在这两个物种中存在一些控制开花时间的保守基因组序列。
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引用次数: 0
An easy method of artificial hybridization in two arid legumes, guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub.) and moth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jack.) Marechal] 两种干旱豆科植物瓜尔豆(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub.)和蛾豆(Vigna aconitifolia (Jack.))的人工杂交方法Marechal]
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.31742/ijgpb.82.1.16
H. Mahla, Ramavtar Sharma
Moth bean and guar are important rain-fed crops of the western arid region of India. The genetic improvement mostly realized through germplasm evaluation and selection has successfully increased the yield potential and stability. However, continued improvement has been hampered due to the inefficient or non-availability of crossing techniques for recombination breeding. We attempted direct pollination without emasculation and found it very successful compared to earlier techniques used in both crops. The article providesa detailed method for the selection of buds and pollination.
毛豆和瓜尔豆是印度西部干旱地区重要的雨水灌溉作物。遗传改良主要通过种质评价和选择实现,成功地提高了产量潜力和稳定性。然而,由于重组育种的杂交技术效率低下或不可用,继续改进受到了阻碍。我们尝试在没有阉割的情况下直接授粉,发现与早期在两种作物中使用的技术相比,这是非常成功的。本文为芽的选择和授粉提供了详细的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Genetics of fertility restoration for the A1 cytoplasmic genic male sterility system in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) 珍珠粟A1细胞质源雄性不育系统育性恢复的遗传学研究r . Br)。
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.31742/ijgpb.82.1.9
S. Chandra, Sarvjeet Singh, C. Satyavathi, S. Sankar, A. Singh, J. Bhat
With the objective to investigate the inheritance pattern of fertility restoration of A1cytoplasm in multi-environments, six crosses were developed by crossing two A1 cytoplasm-based male sterile lines (A-lines) with three diverse restorers (R-lines). The parents, 6 F2s and 6 BC1s were evaluated in the rainy season at Delhi and summer season at Delhi and Dharwad. Four crosses viz.,576A1×PPMI 1012, 411A1× PPMI 1012, 576A1× ICMR 06111 and 411A1× ICMR 06111 showed a segregation ratio of fertile: semi-fertile: sterile as 9:3:4 and 1:1:2 in F2 and BC1 generations, respectively, based on pollen fertility and seed set percent data, indicating digenic supplementary gene action. In the other two crosses, i.e., 576A1× HTP 94/54 and 411A1× HTP 94/54, different digenic ratios of 9:7 and 1:3 of fertile and sterile plants were observed in F2 and BC1 generations, respectively, indicating complementary interaction of two genes. The deviation of expected ratios in the summer season at Delhi resulted due to excess sterile plants, as influenced by modifiers and environmental conditions that prevailed during the dry season. Thus, in the present investigation, fertility restoration of A1-based CGMS system was observed to be governed by two major genes. Still, with different types of epistatic interactions, digenic inheritance of A1 cytoplasm suggests that test of allelism and genetic mapping of fertility restorer genes can be taken up in the future.
为了研究A1细胞质育性恢复在多环境下的遗传规律,利用2个A1细胞质雄性不育系(a系)与3个不同恢复系(r系)杂交,获得6个杂交组合。在德里的雨季、德里和达尔瓦德的夏季分别对6只f15和6只bc15进行了评价。根据花粉育性和结实率数据,576A1×PPMI 1012、411a1x PPMI 1012、576a1x ICMR 06111和411a1x ICMR 06111在F2代和BC1代的可育:半可育:不育分离比分别为9:3:4和1:1:2,表明遗传上有补充基因作用。在576A1× HTP 94/54和411A1× HTP 94/54两个杂交组合中,F2代和BC1代可育植株和不育植株的遗传比分别为9:7和1:3,说明两个基因存在互补互作。德里夏季预期比率的偏差是由于受旱季普遍存在的改良剂和环境条件的影响,不育植物过多造成的。因此,在本研究中,我们观察到以a1为基础的CGMS系统的育性恢复受两个主要基因的控制。尽管如此,在不同类型的上位性相互作用下,A1细胞质的基因遗传表明,未来可以进行等位基因测试和育性恢复基因的遗传定位。
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引用次数: 0
Meta-QTLs linked to nitrogen use efficiency are randomly distributed in Indian rice germplasm 与氮素利用效率相关的meta - qtl在印度水稻种质中随机分布
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.31742/ijgpb.82.1.2
Rahul Kumar, K. Vinod, S. G. Krishnan, Dinesh Kumar, S. Mehrotra, L. Sathee, R. Ellur, A. Singh, P. Bhowmick, H. Bollinedi, M. Nagarajan, P. Mandal
Nitrogen (N) recognized as a critical element for plant growth plays a fundamental role in rice cultivation. The N use efficiency (NUE) hovers around 30-35% in rice, suggesting a significant loss of N from the rice fields. Improving the NUE therefore would require genetic interventions and breeding. The cultivar improvement for N uptake and utilization is required to elevate NUE to further heights. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for NUE under varying conditions and genetic backgrounds have been reported in rice. Consolidation of this distributed and unorganized information is necessary to identify critical genomic regions to be used for crop improvement. Therefore, a Meta-analysis from an assembly of 506 QTLs reported from 18 different studies was performed to identify the most significant genomic regions associated with NUE in rice. A total of 12 meta-QTLs (mQTLs) related to the traits such as NUE and grain yield per plant under N deficit conditions have been identified over four rice chromosomes namely 1, 3, 4, and 8. Evaluation of these mQTLs in a set of Indian rice germplasm revealed a significant association of the meta loci with N use parameters and showed wide distribution in the germplasm. Identification of mQTLs on different chromosomes together with their respective markers will help recruit them in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to develop N use efficient genotypes.
氮被认为是植物生长的关键元素,在水稻栽培中发挥着重要作用。水稻的氮利用效率(NUE)徘徊在30-35%左右,表明稻田的氮损失显著。因此,提高NUE需要基因干预和育种。品种对氮吸收和利用的改进是将NUE提高到更高水平所必需的。在不同的条件和遗传背景下,已经报道了水稻NUE的几个数量性状位点(QTL)。整合这些分散和无组织的信息对于确定用于作物改良的关键基因组区域是必要的。因此,对来自18项不同研究的506个QTL进行了荟萃分析,以确定水稻中与NUE相关的最重要的基因组区域。在缺氮条件下,在水稻的1、3、4和8条染色体上共鉴定出12个与NUE和单株产量等性状相关的间位QTL(mQTL)。在一组印度水稻种质中对这些mQTL的评估揭示了元基因座与氮利用参数的显著关联,并显示出在种质中的广泛分布。鉴定不同染色体上的mQTL及其各自的标记将有助于在标记辅助选择(MAS)中招募它们,以开发氮利用效率高的基因型。
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引用次数: 0
In vitro mass multiplication of economically endangered forest plant Chironji (Buchanania lanzan Spreng.) 经济濒危森林植物Chironji(Buchanania lanzan Spreng.)的体外大规模繁殖
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.31742/ijgpb.82.1.18
Swapnil Singh, Radheshyam Sharma, R. Ramakrishnan, Stuti Sharma, N. Dwivedi, Ashish Kumar, V. S. Gaur
A protocol was developed for organogenesis and in vitro multiplication of chironji using young leaf and nodal segments. Maximum 41 callus were induced in MS containing 2.5mg/l 2,4-D after 3 weeks of inoculations of leaf explants. Further, callus and nodal segments were inoculated alone and combination of Thidiazuron (TDZ), BAP, and Kinetin and the maximum shoot induction was obtained in a wood plant medium 2.5mg/L TDZ alone enriched with 0.1% of activated charcoal. In comparison, the maximum shoot proliferation (78%) was observed in ½WPM containing 2.5mg/L TDZ and 0.5mg/L GA3 with 5.7 shoots per explants. Maximum 8 roots were observed in vitro regenerated shoots with WPM supplemented with 2.0 mg/l IBA enriched with 0.2% activated charcoal. Plants with 3-4cm in root length were acclimatized and transferred to pots containing an autoclaved mixture of soil, sand and manure in 2:1:1 ratio. Approximately 70% survival rate was recorded from in vitro grown plantlets on transfer to pots.
开发了一种利用幼叶和节段进行chironji器官发生和体外繁殖的方案。叶片外植体接种3周后,在含有2.5mg/l 2,4-D的MS中最多可诱导41个愈伤组织。此外,在单独添加0.1%活性炭的2.5mg/L TDZ的木质植物培养基中,单独接种Thidiazuron(TDZ)、BAP和Kinetin组合的愈伤组织和节段,获得了最大的芽诱导。相比之下,在含有2.5mg/L TDZ和0.5mg/L GA3的½WPM中观察到最大的芽增殖(78%),每个外植体有5.7个芽。在添加有2.0mg/l IBA(富含0.2%活性炭)的WPM的体外再生芽中,观察到最多8个根。将根长为3-4cm的植物驯化,并将其转移到含有土壤、沙子和肥料的高压灭菌混合物(比例为2:1:1)的花盆中。从体外培养的植株转移到花盆中,记录到大约70%的存活率。
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引用次数: 0
Elucidating molecular diversity in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em.Thell.) under terminal heat stress environment using morpho-physiological traits and SSR markers 利用形态生理性状和SSR标记研究终末热胁迫条件下春小麦分子多样性
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.31742/ijgpb.82.1.7
Vijay Kamal Meena, Rohit Kumar Sharma, S. Chand, Monu Kumar, Naresh Kumar, N. Jain, Attar Singh
A set of 36 wheat genotypes was analysed for genetic diversity and terminal heat tolerance under diverse environmental conditions for two years. Based on a minimum mean stress susceptibility index over the seasons, five genotypes, namely, HD3090, HD3086, HD3266, DW1636 and DW1638 emerged as terminal heat tolerant. The D2 analysis grouped the 36 genotypes into eight and six clusters in 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The result of the principal component analysis was also in agreement with the results of hierarchical cluster analysis. Out of 82 SSR markers used to study the molecular diversity, 45 were polymorphic. Estimates for polymorphism information content varied from 0.09 (GWM297) to 0.50 (GWM111 and CFD46), marker index varied from 0.22 (WMC213) to 1.33 (WMC232), and resolving power varied 1.6 (GWM194 and CFD127) to 4.69 (WMC505). A total of 102, including 20 rare and three unique alleles were detected. The number of alleles per marker ranged from 2 to 4 with an average value of 2.2 alleles per marker. Based on SSR polymorphism, the genotypes were grouped into six divergent multi-genotypic clusters. Comparative genotypic grouping using molecular markers and morpho-physiological traits revealed no similarities of genotypic clustering in different crop seasons. However, three out of five genotypes, HD3090, HD3086 and HD3266 identified as terminal heat-tolerant in different clusters based on D2 values and SSR marker cluster analysis. Therefore, these genetically diverse genotypes could be used as a potential donor for improving the terminal heat tolerance in wheat.
对36个小麦基因型在不同环境条件下的遗传多样性和末端耐热性进行了为期2年的分析。根据不同季节的最小平均胁迫敏感性指数,HD3090、HD3086、HD3266、DW1636和DW1638 5个基因型表现出末端耐热性。D2分析将36个基因型在2016-17年和2017-18年分别分为8个和6个聚类。主成分分析结果与层次聚类分析结果一致。在研究分子多样性的82个SSR标记中,有45个具有多态性。多态性信息含量估计值从0.09 (GWM297)到0.50 (GWM111和CFD46)不等,标记指数从0.22 (WMC213)到1.33 (WMC232)不等,分辨能力从1.6 (GWM194和CFD127)到4.69 (WMC505)不等。共检测到102个等位基因,其中罕见等位基因20个,独特等位基因3个。每个标记的等位基因数为2 ~ 4个,平均为2.2个。根据SSR多态性,将其分为6个不同的多基因型群。利用分子标记和形态生理性状进行比较基因型分组,发现不同作物季节的基因型聚类没有相似性。然而,根据D2值和SSR标记聚类分析,HD3090、HD3086和HD3266 3个基因型在不同的聚类中被鉴定为末端耐热型。因此,这些具有遗传多样性的基因型可以作为提高小麦末端耐热性的潜在供体。
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引用次数: 1
Optimization of aerial node mediated emergence and field performance in lower altitude of a higher altitude specific endangered medicinal plant, Valeriana jatamansi Jones 高海拔特有濒危药用植物日本缬草在低海拔地区的气节点介导出苗和田间表现优化
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.31742/ijgpb.82.1.11
Sidhartha Sharma, H. Mondal
A study was undertaken to develop a convenient, low cost, and an efficient technique for rapid propagation from aerial node of Valenaria jatamansi Jones directly in artificial soil formulations. The performance of aerial node mediated emergence was also evaluated in higher altitude (HA) as well as lower altitude (LA) to monitor the above and below ground growth parameters in a year in addition to active marker component analysis. The combination of supplemented artificial soil (SAS) having NPK, PSB and Tricoderma asperellum along with critical environment that initiated the high emergence as well as growth benefit at early time point (49 days). The two-node containing aerial cutting (wt.=0.580 ± 0.156g; emergence=87.383 ± 2.483%) showed maximum emergence as compared to one node containing aerial cutting (avg.=0.165 ± 0.016g; avg. emergence=63.883 ± 2.77). Concomitantly, injection of 2 μL of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA; 0.25 mg.lt-1) into an aerial node also enhanced early time point growth benefits like significantly higher number of root initiation. The 4-month-old plant produced around 10 additional aerial nodes that could be explored for next round planting material production and original plant will be directly transplanted into main field with more than 90% survival rate without additional acclimatization and hardening steps. Therefore, a continuous and exponential rate of mass clonal propagation could be achieved from one-time requirement of aerial nodes. The 235 days exposure in lower altitude environment produced a significantly higher number of leaves, larger petiole length, smaller leaf length and breadth as compared to natural habitat grown plant in higher altitude. The above ground mass and root production were significantly higher in LA environment as compared to HA environment, but not in total rhizome production with variation in marker active component. The present study developed for the first time a new plant emergence from aerial node in SAS. Hence, it was breakthrough that aerial node produced Quality Planting Material (QPM) directly. Hence, it will be easy to bypass the costly process like tissue culture for clonal propagation of V. jatamansi, an endangered medicinal plant.
本研究旨在开发一种方便、低成本、高效的技术,用于在人工土壤配方中直接从日本Valenaria jatamansi Jones的空中节点快速繁殖。除了活性标记成分分析外,还评估了高空(HA)和低海拔(LA)中空中节点介导的羽化的性能,以监测一年中的地上和地下生长参数。具有NPK、PSB和Tricepherma asperellum的补充人工土壤(SAS)与引发高出苗的关键环境的结合,以及在早期时间点(49天)的生长效益。两节含气伐(重量=0.580±0.156g;羽化率=87.383±2.483%)与一节含气割(平均值=0.165±0.016g;平均羽化率=63.883±2.77)相比表现出最大羽化,将2μL 6-苄基氨基嘌呤(6-BA;0.25 mg.lt-1)注射到地上淋巴结中也增强了早期时间点生长的益处,如显著增加了生根次数。这株4个月大的植物产生了大约10个额外的地上节点,可以用于下一轮种植材料的生产,原始植物将直接移植到主田,存活率超过90%,而无需额外的驯化和硬化步骤。因此,从空中节点的一次性需求可以实现连续和指数级的大规模克隆繁殖。与高海拔自然栖息地生长的植物相比,在低海拔环境中暴露235天会产生显著更高的叶片数量、更大的叶柄长度、更小的叶片长度和宽度。与HA环境相比,LA环境中的地上质量和根产量显著较高,但在标记活性成分变化的总根茎产量中没有。本研究首次在SAS中开发了一种新的从空中节点羽化的植物。因此,航空节点直接生产优质种植材料具有突破性意义。因此,将很容易绕过昂贵的过程,如组织培养,对濒危药用植物jatamansi进行克隆繁殖。
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引用次数: 1
Identification of genomic loci governing pericarp colour through GWAS in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 通过GWAS鉴定水稻果皮颜色的基因组位点
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.31742/ijgpb.82.1.1
N. Rana, S. Kumawat, U. Singh, V. Singh, R. Deshmukh, T. Sharma, H. Sonah
Rice pericarp colour is one of the nutritional traits that is now gaining attention worldwide. In the present investigation, genome-wide association GWAS) was performed to identify loci governing pericarp colour in rice. A set of 1,349,269 SNPs and precise phenotyping across 325 diverse accessions of rice were used for the GWAS. The accessions belong to five rice isozyme classification groups viz., indica, japonica, aromatic, aus, and admix. The GWAS identified two significant loci gPC5-1and gPC7-1 on chromosomes, 5 and 7, respectively, associated with the pericarp colour in rice. The SNPs on chromosome 7 co-localized with the functionally characterized Os07g0211500 (Rc gene) known to control pericarp colour and Os07g0214900 which is similar to the Chalcone synthase 2(OsCHS2) gene involved in flavonoid synthesis pathway. Linkage disequilibrium analysis across 0.25 Mbp upstream and downstream of these markers suggested three strong linkage blocks on chromosome 7. More interestingly, the novel locus identified on chromosome 5 gPC5-1 does not harbor any homolog of previously reported genes. Therefore, the locus can serve as a basis for identifying a new gene for rice pericarp colour. The results presented here will be helpful to understand the genetic regulation of pericarp colour and for genomic-assisted breeding in rice.
稻米果皮颜色是目前世界范围内关注的营养特征之一。在本研究中,进行了全基因组关联(GWAS)来鉴定控制水稻果皮颜色的基因座。一组1349269个SNPs和325份不同水稻材料的精确表型用于GWAS。材料可分为籼稻、粳稻、芳香型、aus型和混合型五个同工酶类群。GWAS在染色体5和7上分别鉴定了两个与水稻果皮颜色相关的重要基因座gPC5-1和gPC7-1。7号染色体上的SNPs与已知控制果皮颜色的具有功能特征的Os07g0211500(Rc基因)和与参与类黄酮合成途径的查尔酮合成酶2(OsCHS2)基因相似的Os07g 0214900共定位。这些标记上游和下游0.25Mbp的连锁不平衡分析表明,7号染色体上有三个强连锁区。更有趣的是,在5号染色体gPC5-1上鉴定的新基因座没有任何先前报道的基因同源物。因此,该基因座可以作为鉴定水稻果皮颜色新基因的基础。本文的研究结果将有助于理解水稻果皮颜色的遗传调控和基因组辅助育种。
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引用次数: 0
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Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding
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