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EFFICACY OF VIRTUAL REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN ADULTS 虚拟现实暴露疗法治疗成人创伤后应激障碍的疗效
Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.21474/ijar01/19027
Shristi Tyagi
The emergence of new technologies like enhanced immersion and realism providing realistic stimulations, biometric sensor integration having physiological monitoring like heart rate monitors and conductance sensors which allow the observation and monitoring of patients behaviour and their responses and combining the reality with VR technology have altogether made the Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy more effective for the treatment of phobias and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder [1]. The efficacy of VRET in treatment of PTSDcan be observed through various studies conducted on war veterans, general population and people suffering from stressful traumatic memories of the past.Astudy was conducted to assess the treatment ofPTSD through VRET in the survivors of 9/11 attacks revealed significant reductions in symptoms with large effect size (d=1.50).
新技术的出现,如增强的沉浸感和真实感提供了逼真的刺激,生物识别传感器集成了心率监测器和电导传感器等生理监测功能,可以观察和监测患者的行为及其反应,并将现实与虚拟现实技术相结合,使得虚拟现实暴露疗法在治疗恐惧症和创伤后应激障碍方面更加有效[1]。虚拟现实暴露疗法治疗创伤后应激障碍的疗效可通过对退伍军人、普通人群和过去创伤性应激记忆患者进行的各种研究来观察。
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引用次数: 0
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PERI-IMPLANT TISSUES AROUND EARLY LOADED VERSUS DELAYED LOADEDIMPLANTS 早期加载与延迟加载种植体周围组织的比较评估
Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.21474/ijar01/19032
Mutthineni Ramesh Babu, Arpita Paul, Srija Dadipally
Aims and Objectives: This study compared and evaluated the peri-implant tissue alterations in single-piece implants that were loaded early versus delayed. To evaluate the differences in radiographic results and clinical characteristics between early and delayed loaded implants. Materials and Methods: Using radio visio graphs (RVGs), the current study aims to assess and compare the clinical and radiographic results of early loaded implants versus delayed loaded implants. Twenty sites in all, based on the kind of implant loading techniques, were randomly divided into two groups by flipping a coin, following the first screening and the patients who met the inclusion requirements. Ten sites with an early loading technique (GROUP 1) and ten sites with a delayed loading methodology (GROUP 2) were separated into two groups. In both groups, the Bioline single-piece implants were utilised. Results: The clinical parameters probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and width of the keratinized peri-implant mucosa were measured at baseline, 3 & 6 months. Changes in marginal bone loss were measured using RVG. To evaluate the alterations in marginal bone level, AUTO CAD was utilised. SPSS V.23 was employed for the purpose of data analysis. Using the Mann Whitney U test for intergroup comparison and Friedmans Two-way ANOVA for intragroup comparison, groups 1 and 2 were assessed on mesial and distal surfaces. Conclusion: Given the current studys constraints, the findings can be summed up as follows: early loaded implants performed better than delayed loaded implants in all clinical and radiographic measures from baseline to six months.
目的和目标:本研究比较并评估了单片种植体早期加载和延迟加载时种植体周围组织的改变。评估早期和延迟植入种植体在放射学结果和临床特征方面的差异。材料和方法:本研究使用无线电可见图(RVGs),旨在评估和比较早期加载种植体与延迟加载种植体的临床和放射学结果。根据种植体加载技术的种类,在对符合纳入要求的患者进行首次筛选后,通过掷硬币的方式将患者随机分为两组。其中,10 个部位采用早期植入技术(第 1 组),10 个部位采用延迟植入技术(第 2 组)。两组均使用 Bioline 单件式种植体。结果分别在基线、3 个月和 6 个月时测量探查袋深度、临床附着水平和种植体周围角化粘膜宽度等临床参数。使用 RVG 测量边缘骨质流失的变化。为了评估边缘骨水平的变化,使用了 AUTO CAD。数据分析采用 SPSS V.23。使用 Mann Whitney U 检验进行组间比较,使用 Friedmans 双向方差分析进行组内比较,对第一组和第二组的中面和远面进行评估。结论:鉴于目前研究的局限性,研究结果可以总结如下:从基线到六个月期间,在所有临床和放射学指标上,早期加载的种植体都优于延迟加载的种植体。
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引用次数: 0
SCIENCE LABORATORY PRACTICES AND STUDENTS ATTITUDES IN CHEMISTRY IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RWANDA A CASE OF NGOMA DISTRICT 卢旺达公立中学化学实验室实践与学生态度--以恩戈马县为例
Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.21474/ijar01/19023
Etienne Twizeyimana, Faustin Mugiraneza
This study investigated the science laboratory practices and students attitudes in chemistry in public secondary schools in Rwanda, specifically inNgoma district. Descriptive research designs using mixed approach were used. The study encompassed both quantitative and qualitative sources of data that were collected with a questionnaire and an interview guide as the chosen research tools. The target participants comprised 735 participants including 719 students, 8 teachers, 4 deans of studies, and 4 head teachers from 4 public secondary schools in Ngoma district. To obtain the sample size, purposive and random sampling techniques were employed. The sample of 213 was determined with the help of the Slovins formula. Statistical analysis was achieved using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) after coding, editing, and processing of the raw data. Outputs of descriptive statistics and the relationship between science laboratory practices and students attitudes in chemistry were estimated. The findings were portrayed using tables with a subsequent careful interpretation and discussion. 149 (74 %) perceive science laboratory practices as the determinant of students motivation towards learning science subjects, and equally as the key factor to enhancing intellectual development in science subjects. 144 (72 %) held that science laboratory practices improve students problem-solving skills while 142 (71 %) emphasized that science laboratory practices help students develop experimental skills. Importantly, a strong Pearson correlation was obtained (r = .969, p = .031) between science laboratory practices and students attitudes in Chemistry subject. The study findings are important to educational planners and curriculum designers, as the findings serve as the guide for them during incorporation of practical content into the curriculum either during design or during modification of the existing one.
本研究调查了卢旺达(特别是恩戈马县)公立中学的化学实验室实践和学生态度。研究采用了混合方法的描述性研究设计。研究采用问卷调查和访谈指南作为研究工具,收集定量和定性数据。研究对象包括来自恩戈马区 4 所公立中学的 735 名参与者,其中包括 719 名学生、8 名教师、4 名教务主任和 4 名校长。为了获得样本量,采用了目的性和随机抽样技术。在斯洛文斯公式的帮助下,确定了 213 个样本。在对原始数据进行编码、编辑和处理后,使用统计产品和服务解决方案(SPSS)进行了统计分析。对描述性统计的输出结果以及科学实验实践与学生化学学习态度之间的关系进行了估计。研究结果以表格形式呈现,并进行了细致的解释和讨论。149人(74%)认为科学实验操作是学生学习科学学科的动力的决定因素,同样也是促进科学学科智力发展的关键因素。144人(72%)认为科学实验活动能提高学生解决问题的能力,142人(71%)强调科学实验活动有助于培养学生的实验技能。重要的是,科学实验实践与学生对化学学科的态度之间存在很强的皮尔逊相关性(r = .969,p = .031)。研究结果对教育规划者和课程设计者非常重要,因为这些结果可作为他们在设计或修改现有课程时将实践内容纳入课程的指导。
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引用次数: 0
LOCALIZED JUVENILE SCLERODERMA IN ITS LINEAR FORM: A CASE STUDY 局部幼年线状硬皮病:病例研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.21474/ijar01/19022
A. Bebana, A. Ghanam, A. Ouali, N. Miry, A. Bennani, A. Babakhouya, M. Rkain
Localized juvenile scleroderma is an autoimmune disease with an unknown cause, marked by skin fibrosis and sometimes involving the underlying fascia, muscles, and skeletal tissue. The diseases severity can vary from isolated skin hardening in one area to severe, disabling conditions affecting the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, and bones if diagnosis is delayed. Here, we present a case of localized juvenile scleroderma from the Pediatrics Department at Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Oujda.
局部幼年硬皮病是一种病因不明的自身免疫性疾病,以皮肤纤维化为特征,有时会累及下层筋膜、肌肉和骨骼组织。这种疾病的严重程度不一,轻者只是某个部位的皮肤硬化,重者则会影响皮肤、皮下组织、肌肉和骨骼,甚至致残。在此,我们介绍一例来自乌季达穆罕默德六世大学医院中心儿科的局部性幼年硬皮病病例。
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引用次数: 0
AIRWAY CHALLENGES IN A ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIC PATIENT WITHTRAUMATIC CERVICAL SPINE FRACTURE - A CASE REPORT 强直性脊柱炎患者合并颈椎骨折时的气道难题--病例报告
Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.21474/ijar01/19026
Sateesh Kumar J., Raj Murugan, Krishnagopal Vinod, Akash Yadhav
Background:Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that results in the fusion of the spine and decreased flexibility, commonly known as bamboo spine. This condition presents significant challenges to anesthesiologists due to potential difficulties in managing the airway, cardiovascular issues, and compromised respiration. AS patients face an increased risk of fractures and spinal cord injury, especially in the cervical spine, which is prone to instability and higher morbidity and mortality rates. Maneuvers to manage the airway and intubation techniques may exacerbate movement in the cervical spine, potentially leading to further injury. Case Report: A 42-year-old man with a history of AS presented with a cervical spine injury after a road traffic accident. MRI showed fractures at the posterior arch of C1 and C4-C5 levels with nerve root compression. The patient, who was not regularly followed up, was taking medication. Preoperative assessment revealed a potentially difficult airway, and the patient had quadriparesis and reduced sensation. Due to the risk of spinal cord injury, an awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) was planned. The AFOI was successfully performed through the nasal route, and the patient underwent a C4-C5 discectomy and stabilization. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no new neurological deficits. Discussion: The case emphasizes the need to minimize movement of the cervical spine when managing the airway in AS patients with cervical spine fractures. Using AFOI is more effective than other techniques in this scenario, as it minimizes cervical movement and allows for post-intubation neurologic assessments. Although the glidescope video laryngoscope and intubating laryngeal mask airway are considered as alternatives to direct laryngoscopy, anesthesiologists still prefer AFOI as the primary option. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates the best airway management for an AS patient with a cervical spine fracture, with a focus on the role of the anesthesiologist in preventing further injury and neurologic deterioration. Awake fiberoptic intubation is the safest alternative for AS patients with cervical spine fractures, as long as the anesthesiologist has the requisite skills and knowledge.
背景:强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种慢性炎症,会导致脊柱融合和灵活性降低,俗称竹节病。由于气道管理、心血管问题和呼吸受损等潜在困难,这种疾病给麻醉医生带来了巨大挑战。强直性脊柱炎患者骨折和脊髓损伤的风险增加,尤其是颈椎,因为颈椎容易不稳定,发病率和死亡率较高。管理气道的操作和插管技术可能会加剧颈椎的运动,从而可能导致进一步的损伤。病例报告:一名有强直性脊柱炎病史的 42 岁男子在一次道路交通事故后颈椎受伤。核磁共振成像显示,C1 和 C4-C5 后弓骨折,神经根受压。患者没有定期随访,一直在服药。术前评估显示气道可能有困难,患者四肢瘫痪,感觉减退。由于存在脊髓损伤的风险,因此计划进行清醒纤支镜插管(AFOI)。通过鼻腔途径成功进行了纤支镜插管,并为患者进行了C4-C5椎间盘切除术和稳定术。术后恢复顺利,没有出现新的神经功能障碍。讨论:该病例强调,在对颈椎骨折的 AS 患者进行气道管理时,需要尽量减少颈椎的移动。在这种情况下,使用 AFOI 比其他技术更有效,因为它可以最大限度地减少颈椎的移动,并允许在插管后进行神经评估。尽管 glidescope 视频喉镜和喉罩气道插管被认为是直接喉镜检查的替代方法,但麻醉医师仍倾向于将 AFOI 作为主要选择。结论:本病例报告展示了对颈椎骨折的强直性脊柱炎患者的最佳气道管理方法,重点是麻醉医师在防止进一步损伤和神经功能恶化方面的作用。对于颈椎骨折的 AS 患者来说,只要麻醉医师具备必要的技能和知识,清醒状态下的纤支镜插管是最安全的选择。
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引用次数: 0
THE RELIGIOUS FRESCOES IN KUNZANG CHODENS NOVEL THE CIRCLE OF KARMA 昆桑卓登小说《因果轮回》中的宗教壁画
Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.21474/ijar01/19030
Pooja Thulasan, Indrani Singh Rai
The paper examines the thematic exploration of religious identity in Kunzang Chodens novel The Circle of Karma. It takes a critical look at the transformation of the protagonist Tsomo from an ordinary village girl to a spiritual nun, elaborating on how religion played its role in this evolution. Choden has graphically portrayed the length and breadth of religious rites and rituals that prevailed in Bhutan. The novel follows, in the person of Tsomo, deep-rooted Bhutanese cultural and religious traditions, going to the depths pertaining to questions of karma, suffering, and peace considering lifes misfortunes on the journey to enlightenment.
本文探讨了昆赞-乔登的小说《因果轮回》中对宗教身份的主题探讨。它以批判的眼光审视了主人公措莫从一个普通的村姑转变为一个有灵性的尼姑的过程,并阐述了宗教在这一演变过程中是如何发挥作用的。乔登形象地描绘了不丹盛行的各种宗教仪式。小说以措莫为主人公,讲述了不丹根深蒂固的文化和宗教传统,深入探讨了因果报应、苦难与和平等问题,并思考了通往觉悟的旅程中的种种不幸。
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引用次数: 0
A Survey for Mycobacterium spp. in Post slaughter Matrix of Donkeys 驴屠宰后基质中的分枝杆菌调查
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.37284/ijar.7.1.1988
Okoli Solomon Chieloka, Ogugua Akwoba Joseph
The presence of Mycobacterium in the post-slaughter matrix of animals is a public health concern. The issue is compounded during postmortem meat inspection at the abattoir when judgments on suspected cases of Tuberculosis (TB) are based solely on gross morphological lesions, without complementary laboratory tests. As a result, carcasses from animals with latent TB infection may be approved for human consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TB in the carcasses of donkeys slaughtered at an abattoir. A survey was conducted from January 1st, 2024 to March 31st, 2024 involving 4200 animals slaughtered within the period. Tissue samples (Lung, spleen, liver) were purposively obtained from carcasses with lesions consistent with suspected TB cases. Tissues were collected in sterile Universal bottles and transported to the laboratory in a Giostyle maintained at a temperature of 4-5 degrees Celsius. Acid-fast bacilli were identified using Ziehl-Neelsen stain. In all 26 organs obtained from individual animals that met the case definition for suspected TB, 8 (31%) tested positive for Acid-fast bacilli, the spleen accounts for 2 (25%), liver 2 (25%), and lungs 4 (50%). The prevalence of tuberculosis in the carcasses of slaughtered donkeys during this period was 0.2%. Given the absence of laboratory screening equipment and facilities to screen for suspected TB in carcasses, the risk of TB zoonosis remains high. To address this issue, we recommend the immediate establishment of dedicated tuberculosis screening facilities in all abattoirs within the state to enhance the detection and confirmation of suspected cases of tuberculosis in meat
动物宰后基质中存在分枝杆菌是一个公共卫生问题。在屠宰场进行宰后肉类检查时,如果仅根据大体形态学病变判断是否疑似结核病(TB)病例,而不进行辅助实验室检测,则会使问题更加复杂。因此,潜伏肺结核感染动物的胴体可能获准供人类食用。本研究旨在确定在屠宰场屠宰的驴尸体中结核病的流行情况。调查从 2024 年 1 月 1 日开始,到 2024 年 3 月 31 日结束,期间共屠宰了 4200 头驴。组织样本(肺脏、脾脏、肝脏)是有目的性地从出现疑似结核病病变的胴体上采集的。组织收集在无菌通用瓶中,并用温度保持在 4-5 摄氏度的 Giostyle 运输到实验室。使用齐氏-奈尔森染色法鉴定酸性无菌杆菌。在从符合疑似结核病病例定义的动物个体身上获取的所有 26 个器官中,有 8 个(31%)的酸性粘杆菌呈阳性,其中脾脏 2 个(25%),肝脏 2 个(25%),肺脏 4 个(50%)。在此期间,屠宰驴尸体中的结核病发病率为 0.2%。由于缺乏实验室筛查设备和设施来筛查屠体中的疑似结核病,结核病人畜共患病的风险仍然很高。为解决这一问题,我们建议立即在州内所有屠宰场建立专门的结核病筛查设施,以加强对肉类结核病疑似病例的检测和确诊。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of Female Scientists in Research Networks in STEM fields in Public Universities in Uganda 女性科学家在乌干达公立大学 STEM 领域研究网络中的经历
Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.37284/ijar.7.1.1877
Safina Galenda
Research networks are inevitable for female scientists in STEM fields, where research is carried out in teams in higher education. They promote privileged access to relevant knowledge and support from peers due to social connections. This qualitative study set out to explore the experiences of female scientists in research networks in STEM fields in public universities in Uganda. The study's population encompassed female scientists in research networks in STEM fields in public universities in Uganda that included Makerere University, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Gulu University and Busitema University. In respect to this study, my participants were selected in the STEM fields in public universities in Uganda. Female scientists in research networks were selected in the hard pure and hard applied disciplines as classified by Becher and Biglan's typology of academic disciplines of 1973. From their classification of academic disciplines, the STEM fields belong to the hard pure and hard applied disciplines. This study was anchored on the existential phenomenology by Martin Heidegger in the interpretive worldview. Both semi-structured interviews and document check data collection methods were used in this study. A sample size comprising of eight female scientists in research networks in STEM fields in public universities in Uganda were interviewed. Data were thematically analysed where clustering into catergories and emerging sub-themes were developed to form themes. This study concludes that those female scientists in research networks had positive experiences such as funding, networking, research skills, career growth, conferences, mentoring, and negative experiences like hectic schedules and delayed funding. The findings that emerged from the study indicated positive experiences with the research networks, which enabled them to win research grants, projects, and postdoctoral fellowships successfully. Those female scientists believed that their inter-institutional, national, regional, and international interactions and engagements spurred excellent opportunities for them in their universities. This was because they were exposed to top-notch scientists in their disciplines. This study, therefore, recommends to the management of public universities in Uganda to establish formal research networks and strengthen the existing informal research networks
对于从事 STEM 领域研究的女科学家来说,研究网络是不可避免的,因为在高等教 育中,研究是以团队形式进行的。由于社会关系,研究网络使她们有更多机会获得相关知识和同行的支持。本定性研究旨在探讨乌干达公立大学 STEM 领域女科学家在研究网络中的经历。研究对象包括乌干达公立大学 STEM 领域研究网络中的女科学家,其中包括马凯雷雷大学、姆巴拉拉科技大学、古卢大学和布西特马大学。就本研究而言,我的参与者是从乌干达公立大学的 STEM 领域中挑选出来的。根据贝歇尔和比格兰 1973 年的学科分类法,研究网络中的女科学家被选中从事纯理论和硬应用学科的研究。根据他们的学科分类,STEM 领域属于硬纯学科和硬应用学科。本研究以马丁-海德格尔的存在主义现象学为基础,采用解释性世界观。本研究采用了半结构式访谈和文件检查两种数据收集方法。受访样本包括乌干达公立大学 STEM 领域研究网络中的八名女科学家。对数据进行了主题分析,将其归类为不同的主题,并将新出现的次主题发展成主题。本研究得出结论,研究网络中的女科学家有积极的经历,如资金、网络、研究技能、职业发展、会议、指导,也有消极的经历,如日程繁忙和资金延迟。研究结果表明,在研究网络中的积极经历使她们能够成功赢得研究基金、项目和博士后奖学金。这些女科学家认为,她们在大学中进行的机构间、国家、地区和国际互动和参与为她们带来了极好的机会。这是因为她们接触到了本学科的一流科学家。因此,本研究建议乌干达公立大学管理层建立正式的研究网络,并加强现有的非正式研究网络。
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引用次数: 0
Parenting Approaches on Children Food Uptake and Nutrition Status in Kiambu County, Kenya 肯尼亚基安布县父母对儿童食物摄入量和营养状况的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.37284/ijar.7.1.1822
Mutuura Caroline Hilda Karambu, D. M. Kigaru, Z. Ndung'u
Parental use of reward and punishment is a key to reinforcement or deterrence of food choices among children an aspect that affects nutritional status throughout an individual’s life span. Kenya has a population of 47,564,296 people according to demographic survey of Kenya 2019, of whom 1.4 % are school-going children aged 6-years in Juja Sub-County of Kiambu, (Kenya National Beural of Statistics,2019). Cross-sectional analytical research design was adopted on 384 parent-child pairs, who were disproportionately sampled. Researcher-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. SРSS software version 26.0 was used to analyse the data with significance p<.05. Anthropometry data was analysed using WHO Anthro-Plus Survey Analyzer and compared to BMI-for-age (BAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ) Scores for the target population. Pearson’s correlation (r) was used to establish association. Boys were 48.0% while girls were 52.0% with a mean age of 6.4± 0.1. Almost half the index children (45.1%) were born first. Mean household size was 5.0± 1.66 with maternal mean age at 34± 4.9 years and that of the fathers at 39± 4.8 years. The majority of mothers (73.0%) and fathers (76.1%) had tertiary level of education with more fathers than the mothers in the formal sector of employment, with a higher income. All (100%) children reported being rewarded by receiving incentives like praise words (60.1%), while majority of them (92.0%) reported being punished in multiple ways by the mothers when they refused to feed yet a third of fathers (61.0%) praised and gifted their children to feed. Prevalence of stunting (6.9%), underweight (7.1%), wasting (7.2%), overweight (16.4%) and obesity (11.7%) was observed in the study population. A positive strong significant relationship (p=0.05, x2=5.2) between age of the mothers and punishment was noted, also shouting threats, grounding, inflicting pain & withdrawal of privileges (p=0.05, x2=9.6) was common among the married mothers. More parents with tertiary education (74.6%) and higher incomes (40.5%) gifted and gave special permissions which had a stronger positive relationship to food choices (p=0.06, x2=4.33) and nutritional status (p=0.04, x2=5.9). Food choices had a strong positive relationship to nutritional status (p=0.05) and so did dietary diversity (p=0.6). Majority of the parents reported that the demographic characteristics (83.8%) and Socio-economic characteristics (90.7%) affected their food choices as a household. Almost all mothers (98.8%) and more than half of the fathers (55.4%) felt that rewarding and punishing the study children in relation to food had an effect on their food choices and approaches
父母使用奖惩手段是强化或阻止儿童选择食物的关键,这也是影响个人一生营养状况的一个方面。根据肯尼亚 2019 年人口调查,肯尼亚人口为 47 564 296 人,其中 1.4% 为基安布省 Juja 子县的 6 岁在校儿童(肯尼亚国家统计局,2019 年)。本次调查采用横断面分析研究设计,对 384 对亲子进行了不成比例的抽样调查。研究人员发放问卷收集数据。数据分析采用 26.0 版 SРSS 软件,显著性 P<.05 。使用世界卫生组织 Anthro-Plus 调查分析器分析人体测量数据,并与目标人群的年龄体重指数 (BAZ)、年龄体重 (WAZ) 和年龄身高 (HAZ) 评分进行比较。采用皮尔逊相关性(r)建立关联。男孩占 48.0%,女孩占 52.0%,平均年龄为 6.4±0.1。近一半的指标儿童(45.1%)是头胎。平均家庭规模为 5.0±1.66 人,母亲的平均年龄为 34±4.9 岁,父亲的平均年龄为 39±4.8 岁。大多数母亲(73.0%)和父亲(76.1%)受过高等教育,在正规部门工作的父亲比母亲多,收入也较高。所有儿童(100%)都报告说,他们得到了奖励,如表扬(60.1%),而大多数儿童(92.0%)报告说,当他们拒绝进食时,母亲会以多种方式对他们进行惩罚,但有三分之一的父亲(61.0%)会表扬和奖励他们的孩子进食。在研究人群中观察到发育迟缓(6.9%)、体重不足(7.1%)、消瘦(7.2%)、超重(16.4%)和肥胖(11.7%)的发生率。研究发现,母亲的年龄与惩罚之间存在较强的正相关关系(P=0.05,x2=5.2),在已婚母亲中,大声威胁、禁足、施加疼痛和取消特权(P=0.05,x2=9.6)也很常见。更多受过高等教育(74.6%)和收入较高(40.5%)的父母会给予孩子天赋和特殊许可,这与孩子的食物选择(p=0.06,x2=4.33)和营养状况(p=0.04,x2=5.9)有较强的正相关关系。食物选择与营养状况(p=0.05)和饮食多样性(p=0.6)有较强的正相关关系。大多数家长表示,人口特征(83.8%)和社会经济特征(90.7%)影响了他们的家庭食物选择。几乎所有的母亲(98.8%)和一半以上的父亲(55.4%)认为,在饮食方面对研究对象子女的奖惩会影响他们的饮食选择和方法。
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引用次数: 0
Cultivating Neurodiverse Connections Through Competent Leadership: Integrative Literature Review 通过胜任的领导力培养神经多样化的联系:文献综述
Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.37284/ijar.7.1.1814
Ann Gaceri Kaaria, Grace Karamunta Karemu
This study examined the relationship between neurodiversity and leadership competency to create inclusive and encouraging settings. The concept of neurodiversity in the workplace stresses the acceptance and celebration of neurological variations, including autism, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. In order to promote diversity, inclusion, and shape corporate culture, competent leadership is essential. In order to investigate how leaders might develop neurodiverse connections, this review synthesises the literature and looks at how they may embrace inclusive practices, recognise the special advantages and difficulties faced by neurodivergent people, and create a positive work environment. An extensive review of the present state of knowledge in this burgeoning topic is provided by the analysis, which includes studies from a variety of disciplines such as management, organisational behaviour, and psychology. The results underscore the significance of leadership competencies, including empathy, adaptability, and communication, in fostering settings that enable neurodivergent persons, hence augmenting creativity and efficiency. Furthermore, this study investigated the complex relationship between neurodiversity and leadership ability, with a particular emphasis on creating inclusive and supportive workplace settings. The findings highlight the importance of competent leadership in encouraging diversity, inclusiveness, and moulding corporate culture, particularly in terms of embracing neurodiverse relationships. As a result, this assessment suggests that leaders actively engage in inclusive practices, recognise the particular strengths and challenges that neurodivergent people confront, and help to create a pleasant work environment. Moving forward, it is believed that applying these recommendations will result in a more inclusive workplace culture, increasing acceptance and appreciation of neurological variances such as autism, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental diseases. Organisations may empower neurodivergent individuals by building leadership abilities such as empathy, adaptability, and effective communication, resulting in increased creativity and efficiency. This study, which draws on a thorough evaluation of current knowledge from a variety of fields, is an invaluable resource for organisations looking to promote neurodiversity and capitalise on its potential benefits in the pursuit of a more inclusive and innovative workplace
本研究探讨了神经多样性与领导能力之间的关系,以创建具有包容性和鼓励性的环境。工作场所的神经多样性概念强调接受和赞美神经系统的变异,包括自闭症、多动症和其他神经发育障碍。为了促进多样性、包容性并塑造企业文化,胜任的领导力至关重要。为了研究领导者如何与神经变异者建立联系,本研究综述了相关文献,并探讨了领导者如何接受包容性实践,认识到神经变异者的特殊优势和面临的困难,以及如何创造积极的工作环境。分析广泛回顾了这一新兴课题的知识现状,其中包括来自管理学、组织行为学和心理学等多个学科的研究。研究结果强调了领导能力(包括同理心、适应能力和沟通能力)在营造有利于神经变异者的环境,从而提高创造力和效率方面的重要性。此外,本研究还探讨了神经多样性与领导能力之间的复杂关系,并特别强调要创建具有包容性和支持性的工作环境。研究结果强调了称职的领导力在鼓励多样性、包容性和塑造企业文化方面的重要性,尤其是在包容神经多样性关系方面。因此,本次评估建议领导者积极参与包容性实践,认识到神经变异者的特殊优势和面临的挑战,并帮助创造一个愉快的工作环境。展望未来,相信这些建议的应用将带来更具包容性的工作场所文化,提高人们对自闭症、多动症和其他神经发育疾病等神经系统变异的接受度和欣赏度。组织可以通过培养神经变异者的领导能力(如移情能力、适应能力和有效沟通)来增强他们的能力,从而提高他们的创造力和工作效率。本研究对当前各领域的知识进行了全面评估,对于那些希望促进神经多样性并利用其潜在益处追求更具包容性和创新性工作场所的组织来说,本研究是一项宝贵的资源。
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International Journal of Advanced Research
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