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7th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED'06)最新文献

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On optimizing scan testing power and routing cost in scan chain design 扫描链设计中扫描测试功率和路由成本的优化
Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2006.95
L. Hsu, Hung-Ming Chen
With advanced VLSI manufacturing technology in deep submicron (DSM) regime, we can integrate entire electronic systems on a single chip (SoC). Due to the complexity in SoC design, circuit testability becomes one of the most challenging works. Without careful design in scan cell placement and chain ordering, circuits consume much more power in test mode operation than that in normal functional mode. This elevated testing power may cause problems including overall yield lost and instant circuit damage. In this paper, we present an approach to simultaneously minimizing power and routing cost in scan chain reordering after cell placement. We formulate the problem as a traveling salesman problem (TSP), different cost evaluation from (Bonhomme et al., 2004), (Bonhomme et al., 2003), and apply an efficient heuristic to solve it. The experimental results are encouraging. Compared with a recent result in (Bonhomme et al., 2004), which uses the approach with clustering overhead, we obtain up to 10% average power saving under the same low routing cost Furthermore, we obtain 57% routing cost improvement under the same test power consumption in s9234, one of ISCAS'89 benchmarks. We collaborate multiple scan chains architecture with our methodology and obtain good results as well
凭借先进的深亚微米(DSM) VLSI制造技术,我们可以将整个电子系统集成在单芯片(SoC)上。由于SoC设计的复杂性,电路的可测试性成为最具挑战性的工作之一。如果没有仔细设计扫描单元的位置和链的排序,电路在测试模式下比在正常功能模式下消耗更多的功率。这种提高的测试功率可能会导致包括总产量损失和瞬间电路损坏在内的问题。在本文中,我们提出了一种在单元放置后扫描链重新排序中同时最小化功耗和路由成本的方法。我们将问题表述为旅行推销员问题(TSP),不同于(Bonhomme et al., 2004), (Bonhomme et al., 2003)的成本评估,并应用有效的启发式方法来解决它。实验结果令人鼓舞。与最近在(Bonhomme et al., 2004)中使用集群开销方法的结果相比,我们在相同的低路由成本下获得了高达10%的平均功耗节省。此外,在isas '89基准之一的s9234中,我们在相同的测试功耗下获得了57%的路由成本改进。我们将多个扫描链架构与我们的方法协作,并获得了良好的结果
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引用次数: 15
Robust dynamic node low voltage swing domino logic with multiple threshold voltages 具有多个阈值电压的鲁棒动态节点低压摇摆多米诺逻辑
Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2006.112
Zhiyu Liu, V. Kursun
A new low voltage swing circuit technique based on a dual threshold voltage CMOS technology is presented in this paper for simultaneously reducing active and standby mode power consumption and enhancing evaluation speed and noise immunity in domino logic circuits. The proposed circuit technique modifies both the upper and lower boundaries of the voltage swing at the dynamic node. Meanwhile, full voltage swing signals are maintained at inputs and outputs for robust and high speed operation. Power supply, ground, and threshold voltages are simultaneously optimized to minimize the power-delay product (PDP). The proposed technique reduces the PDP by up to 51.9% as compared to the standard full-swing circuits in a 45nm CMOS technology. The active mode power consumption is reduced by up to 40.4% due to the lower switching power required to charge/discharge the dynamic node. Furthermore, the evaluation speed and noise immunity are enhanced by up to 19.4% and 39.1%, respectively, as compared to the standard full-swing circuits. The proposed low swing technique also reduces the idle mode leakage power consumption of high fan-in domino gates by up to 84.2%
本文提出了一种基于双阈值CMOS技术的低电压摆电路技术,可同时降低多米诺骨牌逻辑电路的有源和待机模式功耗,提高评估速度和抗噪声能力。所提出的电路技术修改了动态节点电压摆幅的上下限。同时,在输入和输出保持全电压摆幅信号,以实现鲁棒和高速运行。同时优化电源、接地和阈值电压,以最大限度地降低PDP (Power delay product)。与45纳米CMOS技术中的标准全摆幅电路相比,该技术将PDP降低了51.9%。由于动态节点充电/放电所需的开关功率较低,主动模式功耗降低了40.4%。此外,与标准全摆幅电路相比,评估速度和抗噪能力分别提高了19.4%和39.1%。所提出的低摆幅技术还可将高扇入多米诺门的空闲模式泄漏功耗降低高达84.2%
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引用次数: 12
Reducing the data switching activity on serial link buses 减少串行链路总线上的数据交换活动
Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2006.111
M. Ghoneima, Y. Ismail, M. Khellah, V. De
On-chip serial link buses have been previously proposed as a strong solution to reduce the complexity and/or the energy dissipation of on-chip interconnect fabrics. However, it was noticed that serializing m-bits on a single interconnect (serial-link) increases the overall data switching activity. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the switching activity of serial links, and provides closed form expressions for the average activity factors. Two transition encoding schemes, to reduce the activity factor of serial links, are discussed and analyzed. The impact of the encoding schemes on the MCF between neighboring interconnects is also discussed. The analysis shows that both of the schemes provide significant reduction in the average activity factor and energy dissipation reduction, but each in a different range of input activity factors. The two encoding bus schemes were modeled in a 70nm CMOS technology, and compared to an unencoded serial link bus and a parallel line bus. Simulation results show that the transition encoded bus schemes reduce the overall energy dissipation of the unencoded serial link bus by up to 96%
片上串行链路总线先前已被提出作为降低片上互连结构的复杂性和/或能量消耗的强大解决方案。然而,注意到在单个互连(串行链路)上序列化m位增加了总体数据交换活动。本文对串行链路的开关活度进行了定量分析,并给出了平均活度因子的封闭表达式。讨论和分析了两种降低串行链路活动性的转换编码方案。讨论了编码方式对相邻互连间MCF的影响。分析表明,两种方案均能显著降低平均活度因子和能量耗散,但在不同的输入活度因子范围内。采用70nm CMOS技术对这两种编码总线方案进行了建模,并与未编码的串行链路总线和并行线路总线进行了比较。仿真结果表明,转换编码总线方案可使未编码串行链路总线的总能耗降低96%
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引用次数: 18
On N-detect pattern set optimization 关于n检测模式集的优化
Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2006.94
Yu Huang
In this paper, we illustrate that the traditional N-detect ATPG is unoptimized in terms of the size of the generated pattern set. The optimization problem is formulated as a minimum covering problem. Integer linear programming (ILP) is applied to obtain an N-detection ATPG pattern set with the minimum number of patterns. A heuristic method is also proposed to obtain sub-optimal solutions efficiently. Experimental results demonstrate that by using the proposed method, the number of N-detection patterns can be reduced by about 18% for N=3 and about 13% for N=5 without compromising N-detection objective
在本文中,我们说明了传统的N-detect ATPG在生成模式集的大小方面是未优化的。将优化问题表述为最小覆盖问题。采用整数线性规划(ILP)方法,得到了具有最小模式数的n检测ATPG模式集。提出了一种启发式方法来有效地获得次优解。实验结果表明,采用该方法,在不影响N检测目标的情况下,当N=3时,N检测模式的数量可减少约18%,当N=5时可减少约13%
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引用次数: 31
Compiler-directed power density reduction in NoC-based multicore designs 基于cpu的多核设计中编译器导向的功率密度降低
Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2006.36
S. Narayanan, M. Kandemir, O. Ozturk
As transistor counts keep increasing and clock frequencies rise, high power consumption is becoming one of the most important obstacles, preventing further scaling and performance improvements. While high power consumption brings many problems with it, high power density and thermal hotspots are maybe two of the most important ones. Current architectures provide several circuit based solutions to cope with thermal emergencies when they occur but exercising them frequently can lead to significant performance losses. This paper proposes a compiler-based approach that balances the computational workload across the processors of a NoC based chip multiprocessor such that the chances of experiencing a thermal emergency at runtime are reduced. Our results show that the proposed approach cuts the number of runtime thermal emergencies by 42% on the average on benchmarks tested
随着晶体管数量的不断增加和时钟频率的上升,高功耗正在成为阻碍进一步扩展和性能改进的最重要障碍之一。虽然高功耗带来了许多问题,但高功率密度和热热点可能是其中最重要的两个问题。当前的架构提供了几种基于电路的解决方案来应对发生的热紧急情况,但频繁地使用它们会导致显著的性能损失。本文提出了一种基于编译器的方法,该方法平衡了基于NoC的芯片多处理器的处理器之间的计算工作量,从而减少了在运行时遇到热紧急情况的机会。我们的结果表明,在基准测试中,该方法将运行时热紧急情况的数量平均减少了42%
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引用次数: 11
Thermal trends in emerging technologies 新兴技术的热趋势
Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2006.136
G. Link, N. Vijaykrishnan
In the future, the peak temperature of a chip will be a primary design constraint. In order to meet this constraint, temperature must be considered in the earliest phases of the design process. Using a newly developed thermal analysis tool, HS3d, this work explores the thermal profile of devices as technology varies. We show that as technology scales, the hotspot locations can shift from the units with the most switching activity to those with the most low-threshold transistors. We further note that process variations in leakage dominated technologies can result in significant variations in the hotspot locations, indicating that feedback from thermal sensors will be very important. Finally, this work examines the thermal effects of multi-layer device stacking technologies, and finds that the vertical temperature difference between layers is much less significant than the horizontal differences due to power density, and as such, vertical placement optimizations will have much smaller impact on hotspot development than a uniform power distribution
在未来,芯片的峰值温度将是一个主要的设计约束。为了满足这一限制,必须在设计过程的早期阶段考虑温度。使用新开发的热分析工具HS3d,这项工作探索了设备随着技术变化的热分布。我们表明,随着技术规模的扩大,热点位置可以从具有最多开关活动的单元转移到具有最低阈值晶体管的单元。我们进一步注意到,泄漏主导技术的工艺变化会导致热点位置的显著变化,这表明来自热传感器的反馈将非常重要。最后,本研究考察了多层器件堆叠技术的热效应,发现由于功率密度的影响,层间的垂直温差远小于水平温差,因此,垂直布局优化对热点发展的影响远小于均匀功率分布
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引用次数: 76
Enabling quality and schedule predictability in SoC design using HandoffQC 使用HandoffQC实现SoC设计的质量和进度可预测性
Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2006.59
Bhaskar J. Karmakar, V. Chakravarty, R. Venkatraman, J. Rao
Design of state-of-the-art SoCs often require multiple design data handoffs between sub-teams involved in its development. Handoff quality issues account for a significant portion of the wasted effort during SoC development-principally due to completeness, correctness and consistency of different elements of the handoff. Such issues impact silicon quality and schedule predictability, due to the re-work effort involved. HandoffQC has been developed as an integrated QC system to qualify incoming handoffs, which ensures handoff and silicon issues are detected and fixed up-front. HandoffQC also allows for applying learnings from one design to the next, promoting continuous process improvement. The system has been architected to be easily extensible in terms of the quality checks, is user configurable and can easily be integrated into design flows. HandoffQC has been deployed on many production designs where it has successfully identified several handoff and potential silicon issues before they resulted in downstream design re-work
最先进的soc设计通常需要在参与其开发的子团队之间进行多次设计数据切换。在SoC开发过程中,切换质量问题占据了浪费精力的很大一部分——主要是由于切换的不同元素的完整性、正确性和一致性。由于涉及到重做工作,这些问题会影响硅的质量和进度的可预测性。HandoffQC已经发展成为一个集成的QC系统来验证传入的交接,这确保了交接和硅问题被检测和预先修复。交接qc也允许从一个设计应用到下一个设计,促进持续的过程改进。系统的架构在质量检查方面易于扩展,是用户可配置的,并且可以轻松集成到设计流程中。HandoffQC已经应用于许多生产设计中,在这些问题导致下游设计返工之前,它已经成功地识别了几个移交和潜在的硅问题
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引用次数: 1
Structure synthesis of analog and mixed-signal circuits using partition techniques 利用分划技术进行模拟和混合信号电路的结构合成
Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2006.125
K. Zeng, S. Huss
This paper presents an automatic structure synthesis technique by partitioning of the analog and mixed-signal circuit models. It translates a behavioral-level analog description written in VHDL-AMS into a structure-level VHDL-AMS specification based on a set of behavioral analog primitives. It is one of the three techniques in our proposed hierarchical methodology for supporting high-level analog synthesis
本文提出了一种通过划分模拟和混合信号电路模型的自动结构合成技术。它将用VHDL-AMS编写的行为级模拟描述转换为基于一组行为模拟原语的结构级VHDL-AMS规范。它是我们提出的支持高级模拟合成的分层方法中的三种技术之一
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引用次数: 2
LOTUS: leakage optimization under timing uncertainty for standard-cell designs LOTUS:时间不确定条件下标准电池设计的泄漏优化
Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2006.83
Sarvesh Bhardwaj, Yu Cao, S. Vrudhula
This paper proposes a novel methodology for improving the leakage yield of digital circuits in the presence of process variations and under probabilistic timing constraints. The leakage minimization problem is formulated as a discrete optimization problem, where a suitable configuration for each gate in the circuit is selected from a standard-cell library consisting of different implementations of each type of gate. A function of mean and variance of the circuit leakage is minimized with constraint on a-percentile of the delay using physical delay models. Since the leakage is a strong function of the threshold voltage and gate length, considering them as design variables in addition to gate sizes can provide significant power savings. We propose efficient techniques for computing delay and leakage power gradients which form the basis of the optimization algorithm. Results on various trade-offs such as between leakage and delay, and mean and variance of the leakage are discussed
本文提出了一种在存在工艺变化和概率时序约束的情况下提高数字电路漏损率的新方法。泄漏最小化问题被表述为离散优化问题,其中从由每种栅极的不同实现组成的标准单元库中选择电路中每个栅极的合适配置。利用物理延迟模型,在延迟的百分位数约束下,最小化了电路泄漏的均值和方差函数。由于泄漏是阈值电压和栅极长度的强烈函数,除了栅极尺寸外,将它们作为设计变量考虑可以提供显着的节能。我们提出了计算延迟和泄漏功率梯度的有效技术,这是优化算法的基础。讨论了泄漏和延迟、泄漏的均值和方差等各种权衡的结果
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引用次数: 8
A technique for estimating the difficulty of a formal verification problem 一种估计形式化验证问题难度的技术
Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2006.17
Indradeep Ghosh, M. Prasad
In this paper a technique is proposed to estimate the level of difficulty of formally verifying an RTL circuit. The technique is based on extensive experimental data generated from a wide range of industrial and academic benchmarks. Statistical as well as intuitive inferences have been drawn from the data to obtain an algorithm that can classify the level of difficulty of formally verifying a property on a particular circuit into five broad categories. The difficulty of verifying the whole circuit is a weighted average of the difficulty of verifying its individual properties. The level of coverage generated by the properties gives us a confidence level on the accuracy of the metric
本文提出了一种估计RTL电路形式化验证难度的方法。该技术基于广泛的工业和学术基准产生的大量实验数据。从数据中得出了统计和直观的推断,以获得一种算法,该算法可以将正式验证特定电路属性的难度分为五大类。验证整个电路的难度是验证其各个特性的难度的加权平均值。由属性生成的覆盖级别为我们提供了度量精度的置信度
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引用次数: 2
期刊
7th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED'06)
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