Heat exchangers are of considerable importance, and widely used in various types of applications, therefore the design of heat exchangers continues to be a centrally important issue in energy conservation. To determine the optimal design and operational conditions of heat exchangers, the performance of heat exchangers should be evaluated correctly, thus the usage of accurate and reliable performance evaluation methods is the key to the successful design and optimal use of heat exchangers. Reviews includes Energy and Exergy analysis of thermal Power Plant system based on advance thermodynamic topics Exergy analysis which is the combination of first law and second law of Thermodynamics and highlights inefficiencies of a system. In entire reviews the need for the systematic design of heat exchangers using a second law-based procedure is recalled and discussed, and then, second-law based performance evaluation criteria for heat exchangers are presented. These criteria have been grouped into two classes: the criteria that use entropy as evaluation parameter and the criteria that use exergy as evaluation parameter. They present the entropy as an evaluation parameter in the following forms Entropy generation rate; Entropy generation number; Augmentation entropy generation number; Heat exchange reversibility norm (HERN); Local entropy generation number, and also use of exergy as evaluation parameter in the forms of various analysis of operating conditions of the systems.
{"title":"Exergy Analysis Of Cross Flow Shell and Tube Condenser","authors":"Barot Umeshkumar Bhupendrabhai","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707018385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707018385","url":null,"abstract":"Heat exchangers are of considerable importance, and widely used in various types of applications, therefore the design of heat exchangers continues to be a centrally important issue in energy conservation. To determine the optimal design and operational conditions of heat exchangers, the performance of heat exchangers should be evaluated correctly, thus the usage of accurate and reliable performance evaluation methods is the key to the successful design and optimal use of heat exchangers. Reviews includes Energy and Exergy analysis of thermal Power Plant system based on advance thermodynamic topics Exergy analysis which is the combination of first law and second law of Thermodynamics and highlights inefficiencies of a system. In entire reviews the need for the systematic design of heat exchangers using a second law-based procedure is recalled and discussed, and then, second-law based performance evaluation criteria for heat exchangers are presented. These criteria have been grouped into two classes: the criteria that use entropy as evaluation parameter and the criteria that use exergy as evaluation parameter. They present the entropy as an evaluation parameter in the following forms Entropy generation rate; Entropy generation number; Augmentation entropy generation number; Heat exchange reversibility norm (HERN); Local entropy generation number, and also use of exergy as evaluation parameter in the forms of various analysis of operating conditions of the systems.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74461444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The manual wheel chairs are widely used because of its availability and economic factors even if it faces the limitation of accessing curbs and stairs. Some of the advanced electronic wheelchairs having the climbing feature but those wheelchairs are not affordable to common people and not suitable for daily usage in rough terrains. This paper proposing a ramp attachment design that makes the normal wheelchair to climb the curbs on the streets and accessing the buildings without ramp facility. The design concept doesn't make any modifications in the basic design of wheelchair as it involves just an attachment of ramp and sliding mechanism. The proposed design can also applicable to shopping carts or any other people transferring devices for meeting the specific needs.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of Ramp Attachment for Wheelchair","authors":"Arish Ibrahim","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707054648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707054648","url":null,"abstract":"The manual wheel chairs are widely used because of its availability and economic factors even if it faces the limitation of accessing curbs and stairs. Some of the advanced electronic wheelchairs having the climbing feature but those wheelchairs are not affordable to common people and not suitable for daily usage in rough terrains. This paper proposing a ramp attachment design that makes the normal wheelchair to climb the curbs on the streets and accessing the buildings without ramp facility. The design concept doesn't make any modifications in the basic design of wheelchair as it involves just an attachment of ramp and sliding mechanism. The proposed design can also applicable to shopping carts or any other people transferring devices for meeting the specific needs.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74673828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1M.tech Student Department of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior M.P. India 2Professor and Head Department of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior M.P. India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Concrete is one of the most important parts of civil engineering application. The utilization of concrete is growing day by day in the industry of construction. On the others sides nonbiodegrade waste things like water bottles and various types of plastic, crumb or shredded rubber etc. are accommodation of this types of waste materials creates a serious environmental problem and pollute waste air and soil. The motto for this investigation to find out the percentage comparison for the replacement of normal aggregate to rubber aggregate on which it acts as standard normal concrete. The test is made by varying percentage of rubber aggregate from 10%, 15%, and 20% with normal aggregate.
{"title":"Waste Management by Utilization of Tire Rubber Aggregate in Concrete","authors":"Sourav Dey, M. Pandey","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707014043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707014043","url":null,"abstract":"1M.tech Student Department of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior M.P. India 2Professor and Head Department of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior M.P. India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Concrete is one of the most important parts of civil engineering application. The utilization of concrete is growing day by day in the industry of construction. On the others sides nonbiodegrade waste things like water bottles and various types of plastic, crumb or shredded rubber etc. are accommodation of this types of waste materials creates a serious environmental problem and pollute waste air and soil. The motto for this investigation to find out the percentage comparison for the replacement of normal aggregate to rubber aggregate on which it acts as standard normal concrete. The test is made by varying percentage of rubber aggregate from 10%, 15%, and 20% with normal aggregate.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79431235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Image compression algorithms are used to reduce the redundancies in the representation of the data so that the data storage requirements and the communication cost can be reduced. Different algorithms have been developed to reduce the size of an image like JPEG, PNG, SPIHT, etc. In this paper, we mainly focus on the JPEG image compression algorithm because it is mostly used in the Internet and Multimedia based applications. In JPEG, quantization tables and masking tables are used as the main source for the compression of the data. Based on our review, we identify that in literature less attention is given to analyze the effect of the masking tables during the implementation of the JPEG algorithms. Therefore, to address this research issue, in this paper, we analyze the effect of the masking tables used during the JPEG image compression algorithms.
{"title":"An Image Compression Algorithm and Its Analysis on the Basis of Different Masking Tables","authors":"Tabassum Bano, Matiur Rehman","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707050610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707050610","url":null,"abstract":"Image compression algorithms are used to reduce the redundancies in the representation of the data so that the data storage requirements and the communication cost can be reduced. Different algorithms have been developed to reduce the size of an image like JPEG, PNG, SPIHT, etc. In this paper, we mainly focus on the JPEG image compression algorithm because it is mostly used in the Internet and Multimedia based applications. In JPEG, quantization tables and masking tables are used as the main source for the compression of the data. Based on our review, we identify that in literature less attention is given to analyze the effect of the masking tables during the implementation of the JPEG algorithms. Therefore, to address this research issue, in this paper, we analyze the effect of the masking tables used during the JPEG image compression algorithms.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75092301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultra low power portable electronic devices are the need of modern world. Portable devices need prolonged battery life, which can be achieved by reducing the power dissipation. Substrate bias effect is a leakage power reduction technique. It describes the changes in the threshold voltage with respect to change in source to bulk voltage. The substrate bias effect is used to control the leakage current. The reverse bias voltage widens the depletion region, due to which the threshold voltage increases. In this paper a single bit low power full adder has been proposed with substrate bias effect. Simulation of low voltage high performance hybrid single bit full adder cell also has been presented. By using the reverse biasing technique we have achieved power reduction in the single bit full adder cell. The power, delay and, power delay product (PDP) results have been obtained for proposed and existing designs with varying supply voltages. The proposed design shows PDP of 253.38fJ as compared to 277.23fJ of low voltage high performance hybrid single bit full adder cell at 1.8 Vdd. Simulation result show that the proposed design also performs better at varying temperature conditions. The power delay product has been also plotted versus the different reverse bias voltages applied in the proposed technique. All the work has been done in 180nm CMOS technology.
{"title":"Single Bit Low Power Full Adder Cell using Substrate Bias Effect","authors":"Sakshi Semwal, Dr. Jasdeep Kaur Dhanoa, D. Kumar","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707073538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707073538","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra low power portable electronic devices are the need of modern world. Portable devices need prolonged battery life, which can be achieved by reducing the power dissipation. Substrate bias effect is a leakage power reduction technique. It describes the changes in the threshold voltage with respect to change in source to bulk voltage. The substrate bias effect is used to control the leakage current. The reverse bias voltage widens the depletion region, due to which the threshold voltage increases. In this paper a single bit low power full adder has been proposed with substrate bias effect. Simulation of low voltage high performance hybrid single bit full adder cell also has been presented. By using the reverse biasing technique we have achieved power reduction in the single bit full adder cell. The power, delay and, power delay product (PDP) results have been obtained for proposed and existing designs with varying supply voltages. The proposed design shows PDP of 253.38fJ as compared to 277.23fJ of low voltage high performance hybrid single bit full adder cell at 1.8 Vdd. Simulation result show that the proposed design also performs better at varying temperature conditions. The power delay product has been also plotted versus the different reverse bias voltages applied in the proposed technique. All the work has been done in 180nm CMOS technology.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73592299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harshita A. Gawad, Suraj Kadam, Dona Jain, Nirav Patel
In the present day scenario, many times we see that the Garbage bins or Dust bins placed at public places in the cities are overflowing due to increase in the waste every day. It creates unhygienic condition for the people and bad odour around the surroundings this leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness; to avoid such a situation we are planning to design Garbage Monitoring System using IoT. In this proposed system there are multiple dustbins located throughout the city or Campus, these dustbins are provided with low cost device which helps in tracking the level of garbage bins and an unique ID will be provided for every dustbin so that it is easy to identify which garbage bin is full. When the level reaches threshold limit, the device will transmit the level along with the unique ID provided. These details can be accessed by the concern authorities from their place with the help of Internet and an immediate action can be made to clean the dustbins.
{"title":"An IOT based Dynamic Garbage Level Monitoring System using Raspberry-pi","authors":"Harshita A. Gawad, Suraj Kadam, Dona Jain, Nirav Patel","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707073034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707073034","url":null,"abstract":"In the present day scenario, many times we see that the Garbage bins or Dust bins placed at public places in the cities are overflowing due to increase in the waste every day. It creates unhygienic condition for the people and bad odour around the surroundings this leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness; to avoid such a situation we are planning to design Garbage Monitoring System using IoT. In this proposed system there are multiple dustbins located throughout the city or Campus, these dustbins are provided with low cost device which helps in tracking the level of garbage bins and an unique ID will be provided for every dustbin so that it is easy to identify which garbage bin is full. When the level reaches threshold limit, the device will transmit the level along with the unique ID provided. These details can be accessed by the concern authorities from their place with the help of Internet and an immediate action can be made to clean the dustbins.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84555933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Krishnaiah, R. Ganapati, V. Pandurangadu, R. Ramachandra
In the present days the fuels are limited and depleting day by day as the consumption is increasing very rapidly. And also due to these fossil fuels the world today is facing a serious environmental pollution. To avoid this it is necessary to find an alternative fuel to Diesel which should be produced from renewable resources. The fuels which are produced from these resources are termed as alternative fuels. In the present work, experimental investigations were carried out on a single cylinder 4-stroke, naturally aspirated, direct injection and water cooled CI engine with Diesel and waste vegetable biodiesel blends as fuel. From this Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and Exhaust Emissions were studied. From the experimental results it is observed that obtained Brake Thermal Efficiency is better for bio-diesel blend B20 with minimum Brake Specific Fuel Consumption. It is also observed that there is a reduction in the quantity of Carbon Monoxide and Hydro Carbon and increased exhaust gas temperature when compared with Diesel as fuel.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effect of Bio-Diesel Blends on the Performance of Four Stroke C.I. Engine","authors":"T. Krishnaiah, R. Ganapati, V. Pandurangadu, R. Ramachandra","doi":"10.9790/9622-0706065358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0706065358","url":null,"abstract":"In the present days the fuels are limited and depleting day by day as the consumption is increasing very rapidly. And also due to these fossil fuels the world today is facing a serious environmental pollution. To avoid this it is necessary to find an alternative fuel to Diesel which should be produced from renewable resources. The fuels which are produced from these resources are termed as alternative fuels. In the present work, experimental investigations were carried out on a single cylinder 4-stroke, naturally aspirated, direct injection and water cooled CI engine with Diesel and waste vegetable biodiesel blends as fuel. From this Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and Exhaust Emissions were studied. From the experimental results it is observed that obtained Brake Thermal Efficiency is better for bio-diesel blend B20 with minimum Brake Specific Fuel Consumption. It is also observed that there is a reduction in the quantity of Carbon Monoxide and Hydro Carbon and increased exhaust gas temperature when compared with Diesel as fuel.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89114667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At present, the approval processes involved in construction projects is complex all over country While undertaking construction projects like residential, commercial or industrial etc., it has been observed that obtaining clearances for the Building Projects has become cumbersome and lengthy. Overthepastdecade it has been observing that huge population enters into big cities like Pune for bread and butter, so there is tremendous demand for housing. This demand is fulfilled by developer, builder. But due to less availability of land, vertical construction is most demanding in the form of high rise buildings. But at the same time some sensitive issues like getting approvals on time and ground facts like delays in getting approvals need to be focus so customer will get its possession in time from developer and at the same time builder shall not incur losses due to delay in sanctioning of approvals as it plays magnificent role.
{"title":"Investigation of Causes of Delay in High Rise Building Project and Remedial Measures Case Study-Pune","authors":"Kushal K.Panchariya","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707057277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707057277","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the approval processes involved in construction projects is complex all over country While undertaking construction projects like residential, commercial or industrial etc., it has been observed that obtaining clearances for the Building Projects has become cumbersome and lengthy. Overthepastdecade it has been observing that huge population enters into big cities like Pune for bread and butter, so there is tremendous demand for housing. This demand is fulfilled by developer, builder. But due to less availability of land, vertical construction is most demanding in the form of high rise buildings. But at the same time some sensitive issues like getting approvals on time and ground facts like delays in getting approvals need to be focus so customer will get its possession in time from developer and at the same time builder shall not incur losses due to delay in sanctioning of approvals as it plays magnificent role.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82644343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adaptive filtering is a very active area of research in the field of signal processing. Adaptive noise cancellation using adaptive filtering is an alternative technique of estimating signals corrupted by additive noise or interference. As received signal is corrupted by noise continuously where both received signal and noise are continuous signal, then a need of adaptive filter arises. This paper presents a comparative study of the various gradient decent based adaptive algorithms-recursive least square (RLS),least mean square (LMS) along with various categories of LMS such as normalized LMS(NLMS) Signum LMS(SLMS), fast block LMS(FBLMS) based noise canceller. The performance comparison of simulated model of noise canceller is presented in figures which shows the error signal, amplitudes of actualization coefficients and transmission characteristics.
自适应滤波是信号处理领域中一个非常活跃的研究领域。使用自适应滤波的自适应噪声消除是估计被加性噪声或干扰破坏的信号的一种替代技术。在接收信号和噪声都是连续信号的情况下，接收信号被噪声不断地破坏，因此需要自适应滤波器。本文比较研究了各种基于梯度梯度的自适应算法-递归最小二乘(RLS)，最小均方(LMS)以及各种类型的LMS，如归一化LMS(NLMS)， Signum LMS(SLMS)，基于快速块LMS(FBLMS)的降噪。仿真模型的性能对比图显示了误差信号、实现系数幅值和传输特性。
{"title":"Performance Analysis of gradient decent adaptive filters for noise cancellation in Signal Processing","authors":"D. Kundu, Geeta Nijhawan","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707010510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707010510","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive filtering is a very active area of research in the field of signal processing. Adaptive noise cancellation using adaptive filtering is an alternative technique of estimating signals corrupted by additive noise or interference. As received signal is corrupted by noise continuously where both received signal and noise are continuous signal, then a need of adaptive filter arises. This paper presents a comparative study of the various gradient decent based adaptive algorithms-recursive least square (RLS),least mean square (LMS) along with various categories of LMS such as normalized LMS(NLMS) Signum LMS(SLMS), fast block LMS(FBLMS) based noise canceller. The performance comparison of simulated model of noise canceller is presented in figures which shows the error signal, amplitudes of actualization coefficients and transmission characteristics.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72756895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dheeraj Gunwant, Muhammad Ghulam Haider Zaidi, P. Sah
The aim of this article is to present morphological studies on the tensile fractured specimens of novel liquid rubber obtained from the pyrolysis of scrap rubber. Such a study is crucial for gaining useful insight into the toughening mechanisms existing in rubber modified systems. A DGEBA based epoxy resin was first modified with varying concentrations (0-15 wt. %) of the liquid rubber. Dogbone shaped specimens of the cast plaques of the modified epoxies were tested under uniaxial tensile loading. The fracture surface was elucidated with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that biphasic morphology characterized with continuous epoxy phase and microvoids distributed throughout the epoxy domain develop in the modified epoxies. Cavitation of rubber particles under crack tip stresses is the reason behind development of these microvoids. The diameter of these microvoids were analyzed using the image analysis technique and was observed to increase with the concentration of rubber. Prevalent toughening mechanisms were visualized in the SEM micrographs necessary for the development of tougher and more ductile rubber modified epoxy systems.
{"title":"Morphological Studies in Novel Liquid Rubber Modified Epoxies","authors":"Dheeraj Gunwant, Muhammad Ghulam Haider Zaidi, P. Sah","doi":"10.9790/9622-0706064448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0706064448","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to present morphological studies on the tensile fractured specimens of novel liquid rubber obtained from the pyrolysis of scrap rubber. Such a study is crucial for gaining useful insight into the toughening mechanisms existing in rubber modified systems. A DGEBA based epoxy resin was first modified with varying concentrations (0-15 wt. %) of the liquid rubber. Dogbone shaped specimens of the cast plaques of the modified epoxies were tested under uniaxial tensile loading. The fracture surface was elucidated with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that biphasic morphology characterized with continuous epoxy phase and microvoids distributed throughout the epoxy domain develop in the modified epoxies. Cavitation of rubber particles under crack tip stresses is the reason behind development of these microvoids. The diameter of these microvoids were analyzed using the image analysis technique and was observed to increase with the concentration of rubber. Prevalent toughening mechanisms were visualized in the SEM micrographs necessary for the development of tougher and more ductile rubber modified epoxy systems.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83980079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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