Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2707
Y. Srinivas
Aim: Cassia glauca leaves are extracted and studied for preliminary chemicals present in the extracts and studied for in vitro anticancer activity against human cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of ether extract shows the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, and phenols, and chloroform and methanol extracts show the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, and phenols, and alkaloids and methanol extract shows the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids. The viability of the extracts has shown significantly decreased at 1000 μg/ml after 72 h against cancer cells. Ether extract shown significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 (23.76%, half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] – 479.63) and HT-29 (36.18%, IC50 – 583.71), and chloroform and methanol extracts show significant anticancer activity against A549 (26.04%, IC50 – 282.27) and A549 (35.52%, IC50 – 636.30) cancer cells. Conclusion: The results indicate that C. glauca leaves ether extract shows significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 and HT-29, and chloroform and methanol extracts show against A549, the activity may be due to the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols.
{"title":"Phytochemical and in vitro anticancer activity of Cassia glauca leaves extract","authors":"Y. Srinivas","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2707","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Cassia glauca leaves are extracted and studied for preliminary chemicals present in the extracts and studied for in vitro anticancer activity against human cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of ether extract shows the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, and phenols, and chloroform and methanol extracts show the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, and phenols, and alkaloids and methanol extract shows the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids. The viability of the extracts has shown significantly decreased at 1000 μg/ml after 72 h against cancer cells. Ether extract shown significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 (23.76%, half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] – 479.63) and HT-29 (36.18%, IC50 – 583.71), and chloroform and methanol extracts show significant anticancer activity against A549 (26.04%, IC50 – 282.27) and A549 (35.52%, IC50 – 636.30) cancer cells. Conclusion: The results indicate that C. glauca leaves ether extract shows significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 and HT-29, and chloroform and methanol extracts show against A549, the activity may be due to the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85827175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2705
M. Ramakrishnan
Objective: The aim of the study is to extract the solasodine with different solvents from leaf and stem bark of Solanum pubescens and to screen, detect, and quantify using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods. Methods: Standard solasodine marker compound and five different solvent extracts made through Soxhlet extraction from leaf and stem bark of S. pubescens were injected (10 μl) to HPLC with C18 reversed-phase column, gradient solvent eluent system, and photo-diode array detector (DAD) under ultraviolet absorbance at 205 nm with flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. a simple formula is adopted to quantify the assay % of solasodine. Results: Standard solasodine marker was detected at a retention time (RT) 21.59 min with the peak area of 5245605 at a wavelength of 205 nm. Among the ten extracted samples, solasodine was detected in leaf methanol extract (RT 21.81 min) and hydro-alcohol leaf extract (RT 21.82 min) with the peak area of 191694 and 246023, respectively. The quantified assay % of solasodine was highest in leaf hydro-alcohol extract (1.857%) followed by leaf methanol extract (1.447%). In the remaining eight extracts, solasodine was not detected. Conclusion: The present study findings are the first report with accuracy and simple assay method for extraction, screening, detection, and quantification of solasodine using RP-HPLC from S. pubescens.
{"title":"Screening, detection, and quantification of solasodine in Solanum pubescens Willd. by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method","authors":"M. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2705","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the study is to extract the solasodine with different solvents from leaf and stem bark of Solanum pubescens and to screen, detect, and quantify using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods. Methods: Standard solasodine marker compound and five different solvent extracts made through Soxhlet extraction from leaf and stem bark of S. pubescens were injected (10 μl) to HPLC with C18 reversed-phase column, gradient solvent eluent system, and photo-diode array detector (DAD) under ultraviolet absorbance at 205 nm with flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. a simple formula is adopted to quantify the assay % of solasodine. Results: Standard solasodine marker was detected at a retention time (RT) 21.59 min with the peak area of 5245605 at a wavelength of 205 nm. Among the ten extracted samples, solasodine was detected in leaf methanol extract (RT 21.81 min) and hydro-alcohol leaf extract (RT 21.82 min) with the peak area of 191694 and 246023, respectively. The quantified assay % of solasodine was highest in leaf hydro-alcohol extract (1.857%) followed by leaf methanol extract (1.447%). In the remaining eight extracts, solasodine was not detected. Conclusion: The present study findings are the first report with accuracy and simple assay method for extraction, screening, detection, and quantification of solasodine using RP-HPLC from S. pubescens.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82209836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2708
A. Rai
Rajata bhasma (RB) has been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with its excellence for centuries, but their scientific evaluation has not thoroughly constituted with modern tools. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of RB in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The different formulations RB1 (9 putas) and RB2 (17 putas) were prepared by the following classical methods. After the treatment with RB1 and RB2 to streptozotocin-treated rats, it significantly lowered the blood glucose level. Further, it also significantly decreased the elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein level while increased the high-density lipoprotein. Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug at a dose of 0.50 mg/kg body weight. The present study shows that RB does have antidiabetic activity.
{"title":"Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Rajata bhasma","authors":"A. Rai","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2708","url":null,"abstract":"Rajata bhasma (RB) has been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with its excellence for centuries, but their scientific evaluation has not thoroughly constituted with modern tools. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of RB in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The different formulations RB1 (9 putas) and RB2 (17 putas) were prepared by the following classical methods. After the treatment with RB1 and RB2 to streptozotocin-treated rats, it significantly lowered the blood glucose level. Further, it also significantly decreased the elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein level while increased the high-density lipoprotein. Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug at a dose of 0.50 mg/kg body weight. The present study shows that RB does have antidiabetic activity.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73271456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2700
M. Mohan
India is a country with rich biodiversity and enormous treasure of medicinal plants and consequently called as medicinal garden of the world, many indigenous systems such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, and Siddha are well-known and practiced in India from decades. A large number of Indian medicinal plants have been reported to possess immunostimulant activity and thus can serve as potential source of drug in various immunocompromised states such as AIDS, cancer, and for treatment of various chronic infections. At present, there is much-growing interest in the use of these medicinal plants as modulators of the complex immune system. Many therapeutic effects of plant extracts have been suggested to be due to their wide array of immunomodulatory effects and influence on the immune system of the human body. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, lactones, alkaloids, and glycosides, present in several plants, have been reported to be responsible for the plant’s immunomodulating properties. Thus, the search for natural products of plant origin as new leads for the development of potent and safe immunosuppressant and immunostimulant agents is gaining much major research interest. Keeping in mind, the tremendous potential of the medicinal plants and their derived drugs, this review also discusses biological screening methods for various plant drugs that focus on revealing the mechanism involved in immunomodulation. This review further focuses on the various medicinal plants available in India used to enhancement and suppresses of impaired immune system under unfavorable conditions.
{"title":"Indian medicinal plants used as immunomodulatory agents: A review","authors":"M. Mohan","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2700","url":null,"abstract":"India is a country with rich biodiversity and enormous treasure of medicinal plants and consequently called as medicinal garden of the world, many indigenous systems such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, and Siddha are well-known and practiced in India from decades. A large number of Indian medicinal plants have been reported to possess immunostimulant activity and thus can serve as potential source of drug in various immunocompromised states such as AIDS, cancer, and for treatment of various chronic infections. At present, there is much-growing interest in the use of these medicinal plants as modulators of the complex immune system. Many therapeutic effects of plant extracts have been suggested to be due to their wide array of immunomodulatory effects and influence on the immune system of the human body. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, lactones, alkaloids, and glycosides, present in several plants, have been reported to be responsible for the plant’s immunomodulating properties. Thus, the search for natural products of plant origin as new leads for the development of potent and safe immunosuppressant and immunostimulant agents is gaining much major research interest. Keeping in mind, the tremendous potential of the medicinal plants and their derived drugs, this review also discusses biological screening methods for various plant drugs that focus on revealing the mechanism involved in immunomodulation. This review further focuses on the various medicinal plants available in India used to enhancement and suppresses of impaired immune system under unfavorable conditions.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91199946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2702
Renatalia Fika
Aim: The aim of the study was to know the quality of drill water which is close to the source of high pollution in Bukittinggi City that is suitable for public consumption. Materials and Methods: Using most probable number (MPN) and total plate count (TPC) method were used. Results and Discussion: The number of MPN >2400 bacteria/100 ml in sample A, 150 bacteria/100 ml in sample B, and >2400 bacteria/100 ml in sample C. As for TPC calculation result obtained 3752 x 102 coliform/ml in sample A, 4414 x 102 coliform/ml in sample B, and 5941 x 102 coliform/ml in sample C. Conclusion: Drilling water near the source of high pollution in Bukittinggi City is contaminated with coliform bacteria. Drilling water near the source of high pollution in Bukittinggi City is not feasible to be consumed when compared to good quality condition according to Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia 2010 and Indonesian National Standard (SNI) number 01-3553-2006.
{"title":"Determination of coliform bacteria sheet on water well in Bukittinggi City","authors":"Renatalia Fika","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2702","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study was to know the quality of drill water which is close to the source of high pollution in Bukittinggi City that is suitable for public consumption. Materials and Methods: Using most probable number (MPN) and total plate count (TPC) method were used. Results and Discussion: The number of MPN >2400 bacteria/100 ml in sample A, 150 bacteria/100 ml in sample B, and >2400 bacteria/100 ml in sample C. As for TPC calculation result obtained 3752 x 102 coliform/ml in sample A, 4414 x 102 coliform/ml in sample B, and 5941 x 102 coliform/ml in sample C. Conclusion: Drilling water near the source of high pollution in Bukittinggi City is contaminated with coliform bacteria. Drilling water near the source of high pollution in Bukittinggi City is not feasible to be consumed when compared to good quality condition according to Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia 2010 and Indonesian National Standard (SNI) number 01-3553-2006.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82576669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-27DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2612
Manish Vyas
Background: Eriobotrya japonica is a traditional medicinal plant known as loquat and used in East Asian countries such as Japan, China, Korea, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. However, standards for E. japonica are not published in any of the Indian monographs as the quality of plant-based products may be affected by factors such as location, climate, cultivation, and collection. Objective: The objective of the study is to develop the analytical profile and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. Materials and Methods: E. japonica was subjected to organoleptic, physicochemical, qualitative, and chromatographic evaluation. Further, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were also evaluated using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and α-amylase inhibition activity, respectively. Results and Discussion: The average results of the loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble extractive value, and alcohol-soluble extractive values were 7.08 ± 0.58%, 8 ± 0.54%, 1 ± 0.31%, 21.6 ± 1.89%, and 11.06 ± 1.28%, respectively. Only one principle spot (Rf = 0.5) was recorded in the thin layer chromatography of E. japonica. The observed inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of the extract was 0.453 mg/mL whereas IC50 of ascorbic acid (standard) was 0.528 mg/mL. For antioxidant activity, a similar trend was observed in the IC50 of extract 0.015 mg/mL to IC50 of acarbose (standard) 0.058 mg/ml for α-amylase inhibition activity. Conclusion: The results suggest that E. japonica can have good potential in the treatment of diabetes.
{"title":"Physicochemical analysis of leaves of Eriobotrya japonica and antioxidant and antidiabetic evaluation of its methanolic extract","authors":"Manish Vyas","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2612","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eriobotrya japonica is a traditional medicinal plant known as loquat and used in East Asian countries such as Japan, China, Korea, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. However, standards for E. japonica are not published in any of the Indian monographs as the quality of plant-based products may be affected by factors such as location, climate, cultivation, and collection. Objective: The objective of the study is to develop the analytical profile and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. Materials and Methods: E. japonica was subjected to organoleptic, physicochemical, qualitative, and chromatographic evaluation. Further, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were also evaluated using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and α-amylase inhibition activity, respectively. Results and Discussion: The average results of the loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble extractive value, and alcohol-soluble extractive values were 7.08 ± 0.58%, 8 ± 0.54%, 1 ± 0.31%, 21.6 ± 1.89%, and 11.06 ± 1.28%, respectively. Only one principle spot (Rf = 0.5) was recorded in the thin layer chromatography of E. japonica. The observed inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of the extract was 0.453 mg/mL whereas IC50 of ascorbic acid (standard) was 0.528 mg/mL. For antioxidant activity, a similar trend was observed in the IC50 of extract 0.015 mg/mL to IC50 of acarbose (standard) 0.058 mg/ml for α-amylase inhibition activity. Conclusion: The results suggest that E. japonica can have good potential in the treatment of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90851356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-27DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2610
Sachdanandam Panchanatham
Aim: The aim of this study is to isolate the compounds from the methanolic extract of Semecarpus anacardium seed. Materials and Methods: Thin layer and column chromatography techniques have been used for the isolation of compounds and their structural confirmations were made based on spectral data. Results and Discussion: The four purified fractions were subjected to infrared,1 H NMR,13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry spectral analysis for structural confirmation. From the spectral data, these four fractions were confirmed as catechol derivatives. Conclusion: From the obtained spectral data, the fractions were confirmed as catechol derivatives.
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of catechol derivatives from Semecarpus anacardium nuts","authors":"Sachdanandam Panchanatham","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2610","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to isolate the compounds from the methanolic extract of Semecarpus anacardium seed. Materials and Methods: Thin layer and column chromatography techniques have been used for the isolation of compounds and their structural confirmations were made based on spectral data. Results and Discussion: The four purified fractions were subjected to infrared,1 H NMR,13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry spectral analysis for structural confirmation. From the spectral data, these four fractions were confirmed as catechol derivatives. Conclusion: From the obtained spectral data, the fractions were confirmed as catechol derivatives.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91416594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-27DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2611
H. AL-Salman
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome of disturbed metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat that are associated with hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Worldwide, the incidence of diabetes has been increased. By the year 2030, over 347 million persons have diabetes. Nutrition therapy is an essential intervention of diabetes management. The prior concepts of diabetes management are to decrease microvascular and macrovascular disease risks complications, thereby decreasing mortality, and to improve quality of life. These goals can achieve by giving each patient knowledge and support, which consider the principal role of the health-care team. Our study was achieved to study the demographic aspects of diabetic patient’s attitude and their knowledge of the role of nutritional therapy as new era in the management of diabetes. Materials and Methods: All the screened populations were included in the study after getting their verbal consent. The questionnaire had 12 questions. Personal parameters of participants such as age, gender and family History of diabetes, response to knowledge and questionnaire attitudes. The questionnaires were distributed by the researchers to the participants and collected after completion. Uneducated participants were assisted by verbal interviews based on the questions in the questionnaire and the appropriate responses were recorded. Results: We studied 89 patients, of which 42.7% were male and 57.3% were female with a mean age of 45 years. About 25% of patients has positive family history; majority of participants (63%) does not know what diabetes is? About 63% of people believed that nowadays is more and more people are affected by diabetes. About 24% of patients knew that diabetes could be prevented by both diet and exercise. About 67% of patients believed that medication is more important than diet. Conclusions: The study reveals very less number of patients received patient education and counseling regarding disease, medication, and lifestyle modification for diabetic patients can greatly affect patient’s outcomes. The study shows the need for educational and counseling programs aimed to improve the knowledge of diabetes.
{"title":"Populations knowledge of diabetes and the role of nutritional therapy in controlling the disease in Basrah city: A cross-sectional study of assessment","authors":"H. AL-Salman","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2611","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome of disturbed metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat that are associated with hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Worldwide, the incidence of diabetes has been increased. By the year 2030, over 347 million persons have diabetes. Nutrition therapy is an essential intervention of diabetes management. The prior concepts of diabetes management are to decrease microvascular and macrovascular disease risks complications, thereby decreasing mortality, and to improve quality of life. These goals can achieve by giving each patient knowledge and support, which consider the principal role of the health-care team. Our study was achieved to study the demographic aspects of diabetic patient’s attitude and their knowledge of the role of nutritional therapy as new era in the management of diabetes. Materials and Methods: All the screened populations were included in the study after getting their verbal consent. The questionnaire had 12 questions. Personal parameters of participants such as age, gender and family History of diabetes, response to knowledge and questionnaire attitudes. The questionnaires were distributed by the researchers to the participants and collected after completion. Uneducated participants were assisted by verbal interviews based on the questions in the questionnaire and the appropriate responses were recorded. Results: We studied 89 patients, of which 42.7% were male and 57.3% were female with a mean age of 45 years. About 25% of patients has positive family history; majority of participants (63%) does not know what diabetes is? About 63% of people believed that nowadays is more and more people are affected by diabetes. About 24% of patients knew that diabetes could be prevented by both diet and exercise. About 67% of patients believed that medication is more important than diet. Conclusions: The study reveals very less number of patients received patient education and counseling regarding disease, medication, and lifestyle modification for diabetic patients can greatly affect patient’s outcomes. The study shows the need for educational and counseling programs aimed to improve the knowledge of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"6 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79058913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-20DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2593
M. Pathak
Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an integral part of nanotechnology and setting up new trends in pharmaceutical field due to its wide therapeutic applications. Aim: In the present research, green synthesis of AgNPs using leaf extracts of Phyllanthus fraternus with an evaluation of their cytotoxicity activity against hepatic and breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: AgNPs were used to characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental mapping, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In vitro cytotoxicity studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay method. Results and Discussion: AgNPs were identified by the change of color and their absorption at 420 nm measured by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectral analysis confirmed phenolic compounds presence, morphology and size visualized in SEM, and TEM used for the determination of size, shape, and light scattering analysis. Synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape with size <50 nm. XRD analysis was affirmed the crystalline nature of metal particles. In vitro cytotoxic result showed an excellent half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL against hepatic cancer cell line (HepG-2) and breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Conclusions: The current study reveals green synthesized AgNPs possess high cytotoxic action against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines which suggested the potential therapeutic use of these AgNPs as alternative medicine for the treatment of hepatic and breast cancer cases
{"title":"Cytotoxic action of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Phyllanthus fraternus on hepatic and breast cancer cell lines: A green approach","authors":"M. Pathak","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2593","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an integral part of nanotechnology and setting up new trends in pharmaceutical field due to its wide therapeutic applications. Aim: In the present research, green synthesis of AgNPs using leaf extracts of Phyllanthus fraternus with an evaluation of their cytotoxicity activity against hepatic and breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: AgNPs were used to characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental mapping, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In vitro cytotoxicity studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay method. Results and Discussion: AgNPs were identified by the change of color and their absorption at 420 nm measured by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectral analysis confirmed phenolic compounds presence, morphology and size visualized in SEM, and TEM used for the determination of size, shape, and light scattering analysis. Synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape with size <50 nm. XRD analysis was affirmed the crystalline nature of metal particles. In vitro cytotoxic result showed an excellent half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL against hepatic cancer cell line (HepG-2) and breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Conclusions: The current study reveals green synthesized AgNPs possess high cytotoxic action against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines which suggested the potential therapeutic use of these AgNPs as alternative medicine for the treatment of hepatic and breast cancer cases","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76222591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-20DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V13I3.2589
Arunava Das
Introduction: Present research investigation was focused for the prevalence of bacteriocin-producing, food spoilage, and bovine mastitis causing bacteria in commercial foodstuff. Materials and Methods: A total of 389 commercial food samples comprising meat, fish products, milk and dairy products, raw vegetables and products, bakery products, beverage, and fermented rice products were investigated from various randomly selected local retail shops and supermarkets of Salem, Erode, Tirupur, Namakkal, and Coimbatore districts of Tamil Nadu. All the food samples were serially diluted and aseptically inoculated on various enrichment broth and selective media and incubated aerobically and anaerobically. Streaking and re-streaking were performed on various selective agar media until pure bacterial cultures developed. All the bacteria were subjected for various morphological and biochemical tests useful for identification up to genus and species level. Results: Microbiological investigation confirmed the occurrences of 688 bacteria comprising of Escherichia coli (86, 22.1%), Listeria (82, 21.1%), Aeromonas sp. (72, 18.5%), Clostridium sp. (70, 17.9%), Staphylococcus sp. (64, 16.5%), Lactobacillus sp. (62, 15.9%), Streptococcus sp. (54, 13.9%), Bacillus sp. (53, 13.6%), Enterobacter sp. (43, 11.1%), Salmonella enterica (39, 10%), Klebsiella sp. (33, 8.5%), and Enterococcus sp. (30, 7.7%) from various commercial food products. The Lactobacillus sp. isolated were showing antagonistic activity against the tested indicator organisms. Conclusion: Bacteriocin isolated from some Lactobacillus sp. showed good antibacterial property against food spoilage and bovine mastitis-causing bacteria and can further be studied for its applications and mode of action. The prevalence of other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria from the commercial food samples is an impending danger for transfer of foodborne infections to human and animals
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