Pub Date : 2013-08-01DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.055607
J. C. Luca, D. López-Larraza
The goals of this study were to determine whether cysteamine, β-mercaptohetanol and glutathione protect CHO K1 cells against chromosomal aberrations induced by low doses of X-radiation, as well as whether radiation protection is related to physical properties of those thiols. Experimental design included four different treatments: (a) control, (b) cells treated with 5 mM of each thiol, (c) cells treated with 100 mGy of X-rays and (4) cells treated with 5 mM of each thiol and 100 mGy X-rays. In combined treatment, all thiols were added 30 min before irradiation. Thiols remained until cell sacrifice (18 h). Maximum protection was afforded by cysteamine, the minimum protection was produced by glutathione while β-mercaptohetanol did not show radioprotection effect. These results are consistent with the electrical charges and chemical structure of the three thiols and might be explained by the lower or higher access to DNA.
{"title":"Effect of three non-protein thiols on CHO cells exposed to low doses of X-radiation","authors":"J. C. Luca, D. López-Larraza","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2013.055607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2013.055607","url":null,"abstract":"The goals of this study were to determine whether cysteamine, β-mercaptohetanol and glutathione protect CHO K1 cells against chromosomal aberrations induced by low doses of X-radiation, as well as whether radiation protection is related to physical properties of those thiols. Experimental design included four different treatments: (a) control, (b) cells treated with 5 mM of each thiol, (c) cells treated with 100 mGy of X-rays and (4) cells treated with 5 mM of each thiol and 100 mGy X-rays. In combined treatment, all thiols were added 30 min before irradiation. Thiols remained until cell sacrifice (18 h). Maximum protection was afforded by cysteamine, the minimum protection was produced by glutathione while β-mercaptohetanol did not show radioprotection effect. These results are consistent with the electrical charges and chemical structure of the three thiols and might be explained by the lower or higher access to DNA.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2013.055607","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054172
N. Krishnamoorthy, S. Mullainathan, S. Murugesan
Twenty three rock samples were collected from various altitudes of Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India. A survey was carried out to determine the activity concentration of selected radionuclides ( 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K) by means of gamma-ray spectroscopy using NaI (Tl) detector. From the measured spectra, the mean activity of 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K are 7.13 Bq kg -1 , 30.47 Bq kg -1 and 346.06 Bq kg -1 , respectively. To evaluate the radiological effects, the absorbed dose rate, effective absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indices, and radioactivity level index are also calculated. The mean absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation ranged from 11.90 nGy h -1 to 108.22 nGy h -1 . The activity concentration of 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K and the various radiological effects are below the internationally recommended maximum values.
从印度泰米尔纳德邦尼尔吉里山的不同高度收集了23个岩石样本。利用NaI (Tl)探测器，用伽玛能谱法测定了选定的放射性核素(238 U, 232 Th, 40 K)的活度浓度。实测光谱显示，238 U、232 Th、40 K的平均活度分别为7.13、30.47和346.06 Bq kg -1。为了评价辐射效应，还计算了吸收剂量率、有效吸收剂量率、镭当量活度、内外危害指数和放射性水平指数。γ辐射的平均吸收剂量率为11.90 ~ 108.22 nGy h -1。238 U、232 Th、40 K的活度浓度及各种辐射效应均低于国际推荐最大值。
{"title":"Evaluation of natural radioactivity in rocks of Nilgiri hills and their radiation hazard to mankind","authors":"N. Krishnamoorthy, S. Mullainathan, S. Murugesan","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2013.054172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054172","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty three rock samples were collected from various altitudes of Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India. A survey was carried out to determine the activity concentration of selected radionuclides ( 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K) by means of gamma-ray spectroscopy using NaI (Tl) detector. From the measured spectra, the mean activity of 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K are 7.13 Bq kg -1 , 30.47 Bq kg -1 and 346.06 Bq kg -1 , respectively. To evaluate the radiological effects, the absorbed dose rate, effective absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indices, and radioactivity level index are also calculated. The mean absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation ranged from 11.90 nGy h -1 to 108.22 nGy h -1 . The activity concentration of 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K and the various radiological effects are below the internationally recommended maximum values.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054163
D. Shahbazi-Gahrouei, S. Setayandeh, M. Gholami
The environment around people is radioactive due to receiving ionisation radiation from the sky, the Earth’s crust, and atoms in water, food, building materials and metals. Around 82% of human absorbed radiation doses, which are out of control, are from natural radiations. It is considerable that the background dose rates from cosmic rays depend on the altitude and regions with high altitude have high radiation doses. Radionuclides like uranium and thorium that exist in the region’s soil, type of building materials and the existence of some springs and quarries increase the dose rate of natural radiation in some regions. Because of the effect of natural radiation on the human health, in recent years several international studies have been done and different values were measured. In this paper a review and a comparison of the dose rates arising from natural sources to the Iranian population with other countries are reported.
{"title":"A review on comparison of natural radiation in Iran with other countries","authors":"D. Shahbazi-Gahrouei, S. Setayandeh, M. Gholami","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2013.054163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054163","url":null,"abstract":"The environment around people is radioactive due to receiving ionisation radiation from the sky, the Earth’s crust, and atoms in water, food, building materials and metals. Around 82% of human absorbed radiation doses, which are out of control, are from natural radiations. It is considerable that the background dose rates from cosmic rays depend on the altitude and regions with high altitude have high radiation doses. Radionuclides like uranium and thorium that exist in the region’s soil, type of building materials and the existence of some springs and quarries increase the dose rate of natural radiation in some regions. Because of the effect of natural radiation on the human health, in recent years several international studies have been done and different values were measured. In this paper a review and a comparison of the dose rates arising from natural sources to the Iranian population with other countries are reported.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054170
Sergei V. Jargin
After the Chernobyl accident, a tendency to overestimate its medical consequences was noticed in many scientific publications, a recent example being the volume 1181 of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, entirely dedicated to Chernobyl. In the present paper, several statements from the chapter ‘Radioactive Contamination of Food and People’ are discussed and their reliability questioned. There are many other unfounded statements in different chapters of the above-named volume including the abstracts available online. Taking into account previously published criticism, some chapters of this volume are misleading for the scientific community and should be formally retracted. With regard to the motives, Chernobyl accident has been exploited for strangulation of nuclear energy production. Today, however, there are no alternatives to nuclear power: fossil fuels will become increasingly expensive, contributing to excessive population growth in fuel-producing countries and poverty elsewhere.
{"title":"Food contamination after the Chernobyl accident: dose assessments and health effects","authors":"Sergei V. Jargin","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2013.054170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054170","url":null,"abstract":"After the Chernobyl accident, a tendency to overestimate its medical consequences was noticed in many scientific publications, a recent example being the volume 1181 of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, entirely dedicated to Chernobyl. In the present paper, several statements from the chapter ‘Radioactive Contamination of Food and People’ are discussed and their reliability questioned. There are many other unfounded statements in different chapters of the above-named volume including the abstracts available online. Taking into account previously published criticism, some chapters of this volume are misleading for the scientific community and should be formally retracted. With regard to the motives, Chernobyl accident has been exploited for strangulation of nuclear energy production. Today, however, there are no alternatives to nuclear power: fossil fuels will become increasingly expensive, contributing to excessive population growth in fuel-producing countries and poverty elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054164
J. Costa, E. Silva, A. Amaral, C. Silva, J. Santos
This work was designed to: (a) determine 210Pb concentration in human urine samples of inhabitants of two regions with high natural radiation in the state of Pernambuco – Brazil; (b) estimate radiation dose in bones as a result of this radionuclide incorporation. For this, urine samples of healthy and non-smoker subjects were studied. Pb-210 was separated by ion-exchange resin technique followed by beta counting, which were conducted in a Canberra Tennelec S5E detector. Concentrations of 210Pb in the urine samples of inhabitants from one region varied from 65 to 267 mBq.l–1, while the other ranged from 62 to 440 mBq.l–1. The maximum annual dose estimated in bones for individuals from the first region was about 0.81 nSv and about 1.33 nSv for inhabitants of the second one. In this report, the methodology employed, the results and the radiation-induced health effects are presented as well as discussed.
{"title":"Pb-210 irradiation dose estimation for inhabitants living in high natural background areas on Pernambuco/Brazil","authors":"J. Costa, E. Silva, A. Amaral, C. Silva, J. Santos","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2013.054164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054164","url":null,"abstract":"This work was designed to: (a) determine 210Pb concentration in human urine samples of inhabitants of two regions with high natural radiation in the state of Pernambuco – Brazil; (b) estimate radiation dose in bones as a result of this radionuclide incorporation. For this, urine samples of healthy and non-smoker subjects were studied. Pb-210 was separated by ion-exchange resin technique followed by beta counting, which were conducted in a Canberra Tennelec S5E detector. Concentrations of 210Pb in the urine samples of inhabitants from one region varied from 65 to 267 mBq.l–1, while the other ranged from 62 to 440 mBq.l–1. The maximum annual dose estimated in bones for individuals from the first region was about 0.81 nSv and about 1.33 nSv for inhabitants of the second one. In this report, the methodology employed, the results and the radiation-induced health effects are presented as well as discussed.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054185
E. Braverman, R. Baker, K. Dushaj, Vivian Lau, Margaret Polanin, R. Lohmann, K. Blum, Bernard Loeffke
Radiation accelerates ageing, producing telomere shortening, metabolic ageing, cell apoptosis, immunological decline, mitochondrial damage, free radical damage and oxidative stress. Salts of iodine, strontium and caesium may reverse ageing induced by nuclear radiation. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) has established that potassium iodide (KI) needs to be accessible to those within 50 miles of nuclear reactors. Despite ATA recommendations, if you distribute KI at the time of explosion, it may not be effective; thus, it is a preventive measure, not a tertiary treatment. KI treatment is most successful when used prior to radioactive iodine exposure. Weekly supplementation of KI reduces hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules; strontium carbonate (SrCO3) reduces osteopenia and inadequate bone development; and caesium chloride (CsCl) reduces brain cell apoptosis and anxiety. Low doses of radiation may result in hormesis and improved health. A radiation cleanup plan with further investigation could be implemented as a preventive measure.
{"title":"Hypothesising that salts of iodine, strontium and caesium reverse ageing induced by nuclear radiation","authors":"E. Braverman, R. Baker, K. Dushaj, Vivian Lau, Margaret Polanin, R. Lohmann, K. Blum, Bernard Loeffke","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2013.054185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054185","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation accelerates ageing, producing telomere shortening, metabolic ageing, cell apoptosis, immunological decline, mitochondrial damage, free radical damage and oxidative stress. Salts of iodine, strontium and caesium may reverse ageing induced by nuclear radiation. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) has established that potassium iodide (KI) needs to be accessible to those within 50 miles of nuclear reactors. Despite ATA recommendations, if you distribute KI at the time of explosion, it may not be effective; thus, it is a preventive measure, not a tertiary treatment. KI treatment is most successful when used prior to radioactive iodine exposure. Weekly supplementation of KI reduces hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules; strontium carbonate (SrCO3) reduces osteopenia and inadequate bone development; and caesium chloride (CsCl) reduces brain cell apoptosis and anxiety. Low doses of radiation may result in hormesis and improved health. A radiation cleanup plan with further investigation could be implemented as a preventive measure.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054186
M. Bourguignon, N. Foray, C. Colin, E. Pauwels
Immunofluorescence that permits the detection of nuclear targets specific to DNA damage signalling and repair have completely renewed the approach of individual radiosensitivity. It is a concern in radiotherapy in which radiosensitivity is responsible for the development of adverse side-effects in normal tissues in absence of any mistake in the dose delivery. Furthermore, individual radiosensitivity at low-dose has been recently demonstrated in human mammary epithelium exposed ex vivo in the conditions of mammographic screening. Although these results do not demonstrate directly the existence of mutagenesis, they indicate a possible link between cancer proneness and radiosensitivity. Hence, individual radiosensitivity is a real concern for public health since 5-15% of the population may be concerned and radiosensitive individuals generally show higher cancer risk than the rest of the population. Thus, individual radiosensitivity is a key issue to be addressed in future recommendations of the radioprotection system.
{"title":"Individual radiosensitivity: a key issue in radiation protection","authors":"M. Bourguignon, N. Foray, C. Colin, E. Pauwels","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2013.054186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054186","url":null,"abstract":"Immunofluorescence that permits the detection of nuclear targets specific to DNA damage signalling and repair have completely renewed the approach of individual radiosensitivity. It is a concern in radiotherapy in which radiosensitivity is responsible for the development of adverse side-effects in normal tissues in absence of any mistake in the dose delivery. Furthermore, individual radiosensitivity at low-dose has been recently demonstrated in human mammary epithelium exposed ex vivo in the conditions of mammographic screening. Although these results do not demonstrate directly the existence of mutagenesis, they indicate a possible link between cancer proneness and radiosensitivity. Hence, individual radiosensitivity is a real concern for public health since 5-15% of the population may be concerned and radiosensitive individuals generally show higher cancer risk than the rest of the population. Thus, individual radiosensitivity is a key issue to be addressed in future recommendations of the radioprotection system.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054188
B. S. Kademani, Ganesh Surwase, Anil Sagar, L. Mohan, K. Bhanumurthy
The present study is aimed at analysing the growth of literature on radioactive waste management. International Nuclear Information System (INIS) database is used as a data source to analyse the focused areas of this field for the period 1970–2011. Journal Citation Report-2010 is used for eliciting information related to journal impact factors. The database contained a total of 101,419 publications covered by all the channels of communication during the period. The study analyses the broad features focusing on its publication growth characteristics, country-wise distribution of publications, domain-wise publications and activity index, various methods of radioactive waste disposal, institutions active in the field, communication channels, and journals preferred for publication by the scientists and the highly cited publications.
{"title":"Research trends in radioactive waste management: a global perspective","authors":"B. S. Kademani, Ganesh Surwase, Anil Sagar, L. Mohan, K. Bhanumurthy","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2013.054188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054188","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is aimed at analysing the growth of literature on radioactive waste management. International Nuclear Information System (INIS) database is used as a data source to analyse the focused areas of this field for the period 1970–2011. Journal Citation Report-2010 is used for eliciting information related to journal impact factors. The database contained a total of 101,419 publications covered by all the channels of communication during the period. The study analyses the broad features focusing on its publication growth characteristics, country-wise distribution of publications, domain-wise publications and activity index, various methods of radioactive waste disposal, institutions active in the field, communication channels, and journals preferred for publication by the scientists and the highly cited publications.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2013.054188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-21DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.044192
M. N. Tkachenko, Anatolii V. Kotsjuruba, O. Bazilyuk, I. V. Gorot, O. I. Remennik, V. Sagach
Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular reactions of relaxation, the rate of reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydroxyl) generation, the content of stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (nitrite, nitrate and nitrosothiols), the pools of lipid peroxidation products (eicosanoids LTC 4 and TxB 2 , dienic conjugates and malonic dialdehyde), H 2 O 2 , uric acid and urea were studied in aorta preparations of BALB/c 9 months-old mice: group I – control; group II – exposed to chronic external low doses γ -irradiation (equivalent dose of 96.9 μSv·h –1 ) mice (cumulative dose of 0.43 Sv). The results obtained showed disturbances in the studied reactions and change of the reactive forms of oxygen and nitrogen following an effect of low doses of radiation. The latter induce significant changes in the pools of NO stable metabolites, which can cause disturbances in the NO-dependent physiological functions of heart and aorta. A significant decrease in the levels of nitrite and S-nitrosothiols can...
{"title":"Vascular reactivity and metabolism of the reactive forms of oxygen and nitrogen: effects of low doses of radiation","authors":"M. N. Tkachenko, Anatolii V. Kotsjuruba, O. Bazilyuk, I. V. Gorot, O. I. Remennik, V. Sagach","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.044192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.044192","url":null,"abstract":"Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular reactions of relaxation, the rate of reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydroxyl) generation, the content of stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (nitrite, nitrate and nitrosothiols), the pools of lipid peroxidation products (eicosanoids LTC 4 and TxB 2 , dienic conjugates and malonic dialdehyde), H 2 O 2 , uric acid and urea were studied in aorta preparations of BALB/c 9 months-old mice: group I – control; group II – exposed to chronic external low doses γ -irradiation (equivalent dose of 96.9 μSv·h –1 ) mice (cumulative dose of 0.43 Sv). The results obtained showed disturbances in the studied reactions and change of the reactive forms of oxygen and nitrogen following an effect of low doses of radiation. The latter induce significant changes in the pools of NO stable metabolites, which can cause disturbances in the NO-dependent physiological functions of heart and aorta. A significant decrease in the levels of nitrite and S-nitrosothiols can...","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.044192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-21DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.044196
Rohit Mehra, P. Bala, K. Badhan, R. Sonkawade
Samples of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) from five companies were analysed for the measurement of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K using a HPGe detector based on high-resolution gamma spectrometry system. The measured activity in the selected OPC cement samples varies from 19.24 Bq kg −1 (JK Laxmi) to 40.73 Bq kg −1 (JayPee), 29.49 Bq kg −1 (JK Laxmi) to 42.17 Bq kg −1 (JayPee) and 228.25 Bq kg −1 (JK Cement) to 304.98 Bq kg −1 (Binani) for 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K, respectively. The concentration of radium, thorium and potassium in the selected PPC cement samples varies from 22.50 Bq kg −1 (JK Laxmi) to 48.83 Bq kg −1 (Binani), 30.74 Bq kg −1 (JK Laxmi) to 70.48 Bq kg −1 (Binani) and 267.94 Bq kg −1 (Binani) to 328.88 Bq kg −1 (JayPee), respectively. Radium equivalent, annual effective dose, absorbed dose and hazard indices were also calculated for the measured samples.
使用基于高分辨率伽马能谱系统的HPGe探测器，分析了五家公司的普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)和硅酸盐硅酸盐水泥(PPC)样品，测量了226 Ra, 232 Th和40 K。对于226 Ra、232 Th和40 K，所选OPC水泥样品的测量活度分别为19.24 Bq kg - 1 (JK Laxmi)至40.73 Bq kg - 1 (JayPee)、29.49 Bq kg - 1 (JK Laxmi)至42.17 Bq kg - 1 (JayPee)和228.25 Bq kg - 1 (JK cement)至304.98 Bq kg - 1 (Binani)。所选PPC水泥样品中镭、钍和钾的浓度分别为22.50 Bq kg - 1 (JK Laxmi) ~ 48.83 Bq kg - 1 (Binani)、30.74 Bq kg - 1 (JK Laxmi) ~ 70.48 Bq kg - 1 (Binani)和267.94 Bq kg - 1 (Binani) ~ 328.88 Bq kg - 1 (JayPee)。计算了所测样品的镭当量、年有效剂量、吸收剂量和危害指数。
{"title":"Assessment of radiation dose due to natural radionuclides in various cement samples","authors":"Rohit Mehra, P. Bala, K. Badhan, R. Sonkawade","doi":"10.1504/IJLR.2011.044196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.044196","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) from five companies were analysed for the measurement of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K using a HPGe detector based on high-resolution gamma spectrometry system. The measured activity in the selected OPC cement samples varies from 19.24 Bq kg −1 (JK Laxmi) to 40.73 Bq kg −1 (JayPee), 29.49 Bq kg −1 (JK Laxmi) to 42.17 Bq kg −1 (JayPee) and 228.25 Bq kg −1 (JK Cement) to 304.98 Bq kg −1 (Binani) for 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K, respectively. The concentration of radium, thorium and potassium in the selected PPC cement samples varies from 22.50 Bq kg −1 (JK Laxmi) to 48.83 Bq kg −1 (Binani), 30.74 Bq kg −1 (JK Laxmi) to 70.48 Bq kg −1 (Binani) and 267.94 Bq kg −1 (Binani) to 328.88 Bq kg −1 (JayPee), respectively. Radium equivalent, annual effective dose, absorbed dose and hazard indices were also calculated for the measured samples.","PeriodicalId":14141,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Low Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJLR.2011.044196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66668931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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