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Estimation of 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations in rock and soil samples around South Purulia Shear Zone, India 印度South Purulia剪切带附近岩土样品中238U、232Th和40K浓度估算
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.055602
Saurabh Mittal, R. Guin, S. Sharma, D. Sengupta
The first few measurements for low level gamma ray spectrometry for the delineation of U and Th along South Purulia Shear Zone (SPSZ) are reported. Estimation of 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations in widely dispersed rock and soil samples around SPSZ has been undertaken using HPGe detector having relative efficiency of 50%. The maximum concentration among all the samples studied is observed in the sample close to the Beldih region, SPSZ. An attempt has been made to study the variation in the concentration of these rock and soil samples with respect to location from the shear zone. Central part of the shear zone is found to contain higher concentration of radionuclides than the samples from the periphery. This proves that intensity of shearing controls the activity of radionuclides in a sample, apart from alteration, metamorphism, weathering, etc. A comparison of radionuclide activities of soil samples in study area with other studies worldwide is reported.
本文报道了沿南普鲁里亚剪切带(SPSZ)的低水平伽马能谱法圈定U和Th的初步测量结果。利用相对效率为50%的HPGe探测器对SPSZ周围广泛分布的岩石和土壤样品中的238U、232Th和40K浓度进行了估算。在所有样品中,在靠近Beldih地区(SPSZ)的样品中观察到最大浓度。人们试图研究这些岩石和土壤样品的浓度随剪切带位置的变化。发现剪切带中心部分的放射性核素浓度高于外围的样品。这证明,除了蚀变、变质、风化等作用外,剪切强度控制着样品中放射性核素的活性。报道了研究区土壤样品放射性核素活性与世界其他研究的比较。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of three non-protein thiols on CHO cells exposed to low doses of X-radiation 三种非蛋白硫醇对暴露于低剂量x射线下的CHO细胞的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.055607
J. C. Luca, D. López-Larraza
The goals of this study were to determine whether cysteamine, β-mercaptohetanol and glutathione protect CHO K1 cells against chromosomal aberrations induced by low doses of X-radiation, as well as whether radiation protection is related to physical properties of those thiols. Experimental design included four different treatments: (a) control, (b) cells treated with 5 mM of each thiol, (c) cells treated with 100 mGy of X-rays and (4) cells treated with 5 mM of each thiol and 100 mGy X-rays. In combined treatment, all thiols were added 30 min before irradiation. Thiols remained until cell sacrifice (18 h). Maximum protection was afforded by cysteamine, the minimum protection was produced by glutathione while β-mercaptohetanol did not show radioprotection effect. These results are consistent with the electrical charges and chemical structure of the three thiols and might be explained by the lower or higher access to DNA.
本研究的目的是确定半胱胺、β-巯基乙醇和谷胱甘肽是否能保护CHO K1细胞免受低剂量x射线诱导的染色体畸变,以及辐射保护是否与这些硫醇的物理性质有关。实验设计包括四种不同的处理:(a)对照,(b)每种硫醇5 mM处理的细胞,(c) 100 mGy x射线处理的细胞,(4)每种硫醇5 mM和100 mGy x射线处理的细胞。在联合治疗中,所有硫醇在照射前30分钟加入。巯基醇一直保留到细胞牺牲(18 h)。半胱胺的保护作用最大,谷胱甘肽的保护作用最小,而β-巯基乙醇没有表现出辐射保护作用。这些结果与三种硫醇的电荷和化学结构一致,可能是由于与DNA的接触程度较低或较高。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of natural radioactivity in rocks of Nilgiri hills and their radiation hazard to mankind 尼尔吉里山岩石天然放射性评价及其对人类的辐射危害
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054172
N. Krishnamoorthy, S. Mullainathan, S. Murugesan
Twenty three rock samples were collected from various altitudes of Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India. A survey was carried out to determine the activity concentration of selected radionuclides ( 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K) by means of gamma-ray spectroscopy using NaI (Tl) detector. From the measured spectra, the mean activity of 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K are 7.13 Bq kg -1 , 30.47 Bq kg -1 and 346.06 Bq kg -1 , respectively. To evaluate the radiological effects, the absorbed dose rate, effective absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indices, and radioactivity level index are also calculated. The mean absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation ranged from 11.90 nGy h -1 to 108.22 nGy h -1 . The activity concentration of 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K and the various radiological effects are below the internationally recommended maximum values.
从印度泰米尔纳德邦尼尔吉里山的不同高度收集了23个岩石样本。利用NaI (Tl)探测器,用伽玛能谱法测定了选定的放射性核素(238 U, 232 Th, 40 K)的活度浓度。实测光谱显示,238 U、232 Th、40 K的平均活度分别为7.13、30.47和346.06 Bq kg -1。为了评价辐射效应,还计算了吸收剂量率、有效吸收剂量率、镭当量活度、内外危害指数和放射性水平指数。γ辐射的平均吸收剂量率为11.90 ~ 108.22 nGy h -1。238 U、232 Th、40 K的活度浓度及各种辐射效应均低于国际推荐最大值。
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引用次数: 4
A review on comparison of natural radiation in Iran with other countries 伊朗与其他国家天然辐射比较综述
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054163
D. Shahbazi-Gahrouei, S. Setayandeh, M. Gholami
The environment around people is radioactive due to receiving ionisation radiation from the sky, the Earth’s crust, and atoms in water, food, building materials and metals. Around 82% of human absorbed radiation doses, which are out of control, are from natural radiations. It is considerable that the background dose rates from cosmic rays depend on the altitude and regions with high altitude have high radiation doses. Radionuclides like uranium and thorium that exist in the region’s soil, type of building materials and the existence of some springs and quarries increase the dose rate of natural radiation in some regions. Because of the effect of natural radiation on the human health, in recent years several international studies have been done and different values were measured. In this paper a review and a comparison of the dose rates arising from natural sources to the Iranian population with other countries are reported.
由于受到来自天空、地壳、水、食物、建筑材料和金属中的原子的电离辐射,人们周围的环境具有放射性。人类吸收的辐射剂量中,约82%来自自然辐射,这些剂量已经失控。值得注意的是,宇宙射线的本底剂量率取决于海拔高度,高海拔地区的辐射剂量高。该地区土壤中存在的铀和钍等放射性核素、建筑材料的种类以及一些泉水和采石场的存在增加了某些地区自然辐射的剂量率。由于自然辐射对人体健康的影响,近年来进行了几项国际研究,并测量了不同的值。本文报告了对伊朗人口与其他国家自然源产生的剂量率的审查和比较。
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引用次数: 6
Food contamination after the Chernobyl accident: dose assessments and health effects 切尔诺贝利事故后的食品污染:剂量评估和健康影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054170
Sergei V. Jargin
After the Chernobyl accident, a tendency to overestimate its medical consequences was noticed in many scientific publications, a recent example being the volume 1181 of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, entirely dedicated to Chernobyl. In the present paper, several statements from the chapter ‘Radioactive Contamination of Food and People’ are discussed and their reliability questioned. There are many other unfounded statements in different chapters of the above-named volume including the abstracts available online. Taking into account previously published criticism, some chapters of this volume are misleading for the scientific community and should be formally retracted. With regard to the motives, Chernobyl accident has been exploited for strangulation of nuclear energy production. Today, however, there are no alternatives to nuclear power: fossil fuels will become increasingly expensive, contributing to excessive population growth in fuel-producing countries and poverty elsewhere.
切尔诺贝利事故发生后,在许多科学出版物中都注意到一种高估其医疗后果的倾向,最近的一个例子是《纽约科学院年鉴》第1181卷,完全以切尔诺贝利为主题。本文讨论了“食品和人的放射性污染”一章中的几个说法,并对其可靠性提出了质疑。在上述卷的不同章节中还有许多其他没有根据的陈述,包括在线提供的摘要。考虑到先前发表的批评,本卷的一些章节对科学界有误导,应该正式撤回。至于动机,切尔诺贝利事故被用来扼杀核能生产。然而,今天,核能没有替代品:化石燃料将变得越来越昂贵,导致燃料生产国人口过度增长和其他地方的贫困。
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引用次数: 2
Pb-210 irradiation dose estimation for inhabitants living in high natural background areas on Pernambuco/Brazil 居住在伯南布哥/巴西高自然本底地区居民的铅-210辐照剂量估计
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054164
J. Costa, E. Silva, A. Amaral, C. Silva, J. Santos
This work was designed to: (a) determine 210Pb concentration in human urine samples of inhabitants of two regions with high natural radiation in the state of Pernambuco – Brazil; (b) estimate radiation dose in bones as a result of this radionuclide incorporation. For this, urine samples of healthy and non-smoker subjects were studied. Pb-210 was separated by ion-exchange resin technique followed by beta counting, which were conducted in a Canberra Tennelec S5E detector. Concentrations of 210Pb in the urine samples of inhabitants from one region varied from 65 to 267 mBq.l–1, while the other ranged from 62 to 440 mBq.l–1. The maximum annual dose estimated in bones for individuals from the first region was about 0.81 nSv and about 1.33 nSv for inhabitants of the second one. In this report, the methodology employed, the results and the radiation-induced health effects are presented as well as discussed.
本工作旨在:(a)测定巴西伯南布哥州两个高自然辐射地区居民尿液样本中的210Pb浓度;(b)估计由于放射性核素掺入而对骨骼产生的辐射剂量。为此,研究人员对健康和非吸烟者的尿液样本进行了研究。采用离子交换树脂技术分离Pb-210,然后在堪培拉Tennelec S5E探测器上进行β计数。一个地区居民尿液样本中210Pb的浓度在65至267 mBq之间变化。另一个为62 ~ 440 mBq.l-1。据估计,第一个地区居民的骨骼年最大剂量约为0.81 nSv,第二个地区居民的骨骼年最大剂量约为1.33 nSv。在本报告中,介绍并讨论了所采用的方法、结果和辐射引起的健康影响。
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引用次数: 1
Hypothesising that salts of iodine, strontium and caesium reverse ageing induced by nuclear radiation 假设碘盐、锶盐和铯盐能逆转核辐射引起的衰老
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054185
E. Braverman, R. Baker, K. Dushaj, Vivian Lau, Margaret Polanin, R. Lohmann, K. Blum, Bernard Loeffke
Radiation accelerates ageing, producing telomere shortening, metabolic ageing, cell apoptosis, immunological decline, mitochondrial damage, free radical damage and oxidative stress. Salts of iodine, strontium and caesium may reverse ageing induced by nuclear radiation. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) has established that potassium iodide (KI) needs to be accessible to those within 50 miles of nuclear reactors. Despite ATA recommendations, if you distribute KI at the time of explosion, it may not be effective; thus, it is a preventive measure, not a tertiary treatment. KI treatment is most successful when used prior to radioactive iodine exposure. Weekly supplementation of KI reduces hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules; strontium carbonate (SrCO3) reduces osteopenia and inadequate bone development; and caesium chloride (CsCl) reduces brain cell apoptosis and anxiety. Low doses of radiation may result in hormesis and improved health. A radiation cleanup plan with further investigation could be implemented as a preventive measure.
辐射加速衰老,产生端粒缩短、代谢老化、细胞凋亡、免疫功能下降、线粒体损伤、自由基损伤和氧化应激。碘盐、锶盐和铯盐可以逆转核辐射引起的衰老。美国甲状腺协会(ATA)已经确定,碘化钾(KI)需要在核反应堆50英里范围内的人都能获得。尽管有ATA的建议,但如果在爆炸时分发KI,可能效果不佳;因此,它是一种预防措施,而不是三级治疗。碘化钾治疗在放射性碘暴露前使用最为成功。每周补充KI可减少甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺结节;碳酸锶(SrCO3)减少骨质减少和骨骼发育不足;氯化铯(CsCl)减少脑细胞凋亡和焦虑。低剂量的辐射可产生激效,改善健康状况。作为一项预防措施,可以实施一项经过进一步调查的辐射清理计划。
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引用次数: 0
Individual radiosensitivity: a key issue in radiation protection 个体辐射敏感性:辐射防护的关键问题
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054186
M. Bourguignon, N. Foray, C. Colin, E. Pauwels
Immunofluorescence that permits the detection of nuclear targets specific to DNA damage signalling and repair have completely renewed the approach of individual radiosensitivity. It is a concern in radiotherapy in which radiosensitivity is responsible for the development of adverse side-effects in normal tissues in absence of any mistake in the dose delivery. Furthermore, individual radiosensitivity at low-dose has been recently demonstrated in human mammary epithelium exposed ex vivo in the conditions of mammographic screening. Although these results do not demonstrate directly the existence of mutagenesis, they indicate a possible link between cancer proneness and radiosensitivity. Hence, individual radiosensitivity is a real concern for public health since 5-15% of the population may be concerned and radiosensitive individuals generally show higher cancer risk than the rest of the population. Thus, individual radiosensitivity is a key issue to be addressed in future recommendations of the radioprotection system.
允许检测DNA损伤信号和修复特异性核目标的免疫荧光已经完全更新了个体放射敏感性的方法。这是放射治疗中的一个问题,在没有剂量传递错误的情况下,放射敏感性负责正常组织中不良副作用的发展。此外,最近在乳房x线摄影筛查条件下暴露于体外的人乳腺上皮中显示了低剂量的个体放射敏感性。虽然这些结果不能直接证明突变的存在,但它们表明癌症易感性和放射敏感性之间可能存在联系。因此,个人放射敏感性是公共卫生的一个真正关切问题,因为5-15%的人口可能受到影响,而且放射敏感性个人通常比其他人口显示出更高的癌症风险。因此,个体辐射敏感性是未来辐射防护系统建议中需要解决的关键问题。
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引用次数: 4
Research trends in radioactive waste management: a global perspective 放射性废物管理的研究趋势:全球视角
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2013.054188
B. S. Kademani, Ganesh Surwase, Anil Sagar, L. Mohan, K. Bhanumurthy
The present study is aimed at analysing the growth of literature on radioactive waste management. International Nuclear Information System (INIS) database is used as a data source to analyse the focused areas of this field for the period 1970–2011. Journal Citation Report-2010 is used for eliciting information related to journal impact factors. The database contained a total of 101,419 publications covered by all the channels of communication during the period. The study analyses the broad features focusing on its publication growth characteristics, country-wise distribution of publications, domain-wise publications and activity index, various methods of radioactive waste disposal, institutions active in the field, communication channels, and journals preferred for publication by the scientists and the highly cited publications.
本研究的目的是分析有关放射性废物管理的文献的增长。国际核信息系统(INIS)数据库被用作分析1970-2011年期间该领域重点领域的数据来源。期刊引用报告-2010用于获取与期刊影响因子相关的信息。该数据库在这一期间共载有所有通讯渠道所涵盖的101,419份出版物。该研究分析了其广泛的特征,重点是其出版物增长特征、出版物的国家分布、领域出版物和活动指数、放射性废物处理的各种方法、活跃在该领域的机构、传播渠道、科学家喜欢发表的期刊和高被引出版物。
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引用次数: 7
Vascular reactivity and metabolism of the reactive forms of oxygen and nitrogen: effects of low doses of radiation 血管反应性和氧、氮活性形式的代谢:低剂量辐射的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2011-12-21 DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2011.044192
M. N. Tkachenko, Anatolii V. Kotsjuruba, O. Bazilyuk, I. V. Gorot, O. I. Remennik, V. Sagach
Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular reactions of relaxation, the rate of reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydroxyl) generation, the content of stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (nitrite, nitrate and nitrosothiols), the pools of lipid peroxidation products (eicosanoids LTC 4 and TxB 2 , dienic conjugates and malonic dialdehyde), H 2 O 2 , uric acid and urea were studied in aorta preparations of BALB/c 9 months-old mice: group I – control; group II – exposed to chronic external low doses γ -irradiation (equivalent dose of 96.9 μSv·h –1 ) mice (cumulative dose of 0.43 Sv). The results obtained showed disturbances in the studied reactions and change of the reactive forms of oxygen and nitrogen following an effect of low doses of radiation. The latter induce significant changes in the pools of NO stable metabolites, which can cause disturbances in the NO-dependent physiological functions of heart and aorta. A significant decrease in the levels of nitrite and S-nitrosothiols can...
研究了9月龄BALB/c小鼠主动脉制剂中内皮依赖性和内皮非依赖性血管舒张反应、活性氧(超氧化物和羟基)生成速率、稳定型一氧化氮(NO)代谢物(亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝基硫醇)含量、脂质过氧化产物(二十烷类ltc4和txb2、二烯偶联物和丙二醛双醛)、h2o2、尿酸和尿素的含量:ⅰ组-对照组;II组-慢性低剂量外源γ照射(等效剂量为96.9 μSv·h - 1)小鼠(累积剂量为0.43 Sv)。得到的结果表明,在低剂量辐射的影响下,所研究的反应受到干扰,氧和氮的活性形式发生了变化。后者引起一氧化氮稳定代谢产物池的显著变化,从而引起心脏和主动脉一氧化氮依赖性生理功能的紊乱。亚硝酸盐和s -亚硝基硫醇含量的显著降低可以…
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International Journal of Low Radiation
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