International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid最新文献_第9页

Partial-load operation characteristics of air-source gas engine-driven heat pump system in heating mode 空气源燃气机驱动热泵系统在供热模式下的部分负荷运行特性

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.11.006

Xiang Chen , Shuaiqi Li , Ziping Feng , Wenji Song , Jie Shu , Zetao Ma , Caishun Hao

The air-source gas engine-driven heat pump system, integrating a heat pump subsystem with an engine power unit and heat-recovery subsystem, constitutes a distributed energy technology enabling efficient utilization of clean primary energies. Compared to traditional heating technologies such as gas-fired boilers, electric-driven heat pumps, etc., gas engine-driven heat pump technology features excellent resilience in heating capacity and higher energy efficiency, thereby outperforming the others in practical applications. This research carries out an experimental investigation into gas engine-driven heat pump system under partial-load conditions based on a self-built experimental platform. The influence of the engine speed, outlet water temperature and ambient temperature on the partial-load heating performance of the gas engine-driven heat pump system were measured and analyzed parametrically. The results showed that the gas engine-driven heat pump system presented decent heating capacities, reaching 66.81 % and 44.04 % of the rated heating capacities (i.e., 85 kW) at 50 % and 30 % of the rated-load, when the ambient temperature and outlet water temperature were 7 °C and 45 °C, respectively. The corresponding primary energy ratio reached 1.52 and 1.45, which was much higher than that of traditional boilers (ranging from 0.85 to 1.05). It was also found that under low-load conditions, the ambient temperature exerted a substantial impact on heating capacities which was deteriorated when decreasing the ambient air temperature. The research findings are useful to guide the optimal operation of gas engine-driven heat pump in practical applications.

空气源燃气发动机驱动的热泵系统将热泵子系统与发动机动力单元和热回收子系统集成在一起，构成了一种能够高效利用清洁一次能源的分布式能源技术。与燃气锅炉、电驱动热泵等传统供热技术相比，燃气机驱动热泵技术的供热能力弹性好，能效更高，在实际应用中表现优异。本研究基于自建实验平台，对部分负荷工况下燃气机热泵系统进行了实验研究。对发动机转速、出水温度和环境温度对燃气机热泵系统部分负荷供热性能的影响进行了参数化测量和分析。结果表明：当环境温度为7℃、出水温度为45℃时，燃气机热泵系统在额定负荷的50%和30%条件下，供热能力分别达到额定供热能力（85 kW）的66.81%和44.04%；相应的一次能比达到1.52和1.45，大大高于传统锅炉的一次能比（0.85 ~ 1.05）。在低负荷工况下，环境温度对采暖能力有较大影响，随着环境空气温度的降低，采暖能力逐渐减弱。研究结果对实际应用中燃气机热泵的优化运行具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of distributed defrost heaters for enhanced performance in frost-free refrigerators 优化分布式除霜加热器以提高无霜冰箱的性能

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.11.003

Tian Wang , Hui Chen , Hanqing Qu , Yuhang Zhao , Xiangshu Lei , Peng Yang , Yingwen Liu

Domestic refrigerators require periodic defrosting to maintain optimal performance. Traditional systems utilize a steel tube defrost heater (STDH) installed at the base of the evaporator. However, this conventional setup leads to significant thermal lag between the melting processes in the upper and lower sections of the evaporator, resulting in prolonged defrost cycles, and substantial temperature fluctuations within the freezer compartment (FC). To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an innovative distributed defrost heaters (DDHs) system designed to optimize thermal distribution based on frost accumulation patterns. The proposed system integrates a 250 W finned tube defrost heater (FTDH) at the evaporator base with an additional 150 W STDH at the mid-section, improving the thermal distribution. Experimental results demonstrate that the 400 W DDHs configuration achieves a 24.39% reduction in defrost cycle duration and a 2.07 °C decrease in FC temperature fluctuations compared to the conventional 250 W bottom-mounted STDH (BSTDH) system. Furthermore, a comprehensive energy analysis reveals that while maintaining equivalent refrigeration performance, the DDHs system reduces defrost cycle energy consumption by 5.30% compared to the BSTDH configuration. These findings highlight that the deployment of distributed heating systems not only improves defrost efficiency but also contributes to overall energy optimization, underscoring its significant potential for practical application in modern refrigeration systems.

家用冰箱需要定期除霜以保持最佳性能。传统系统利用安装在蒸发器底部的钢管除霜加热器（STDH）。然而，这种传统的设置导致蒸发器上下部分的融化过程之间存在明显的热滞后，导致除霜周期延长，并且冷冻室（FC）内温度波动较大。为了克服这些限制，本研究提出了一种创新的分布式除霜加热器（DDHs）系统，该系统旨在根据霜积累模式优化热量分配。该系统在蒸发器底部集成了一个250 W的翅片管除霜加热器（FTDH），在中部额外集成了一个150 W的STDH，从而改善了热分布。实验结果表明，与传统的250w底置式STDH （BSTDH）系统相比，400w ddh配置的除霜周期缩短了24.39%，FC温度波动降低了2.07℃。此外，综合能源分析表明，在保持同等制冷性能的同时，与BSTDH配置相比，DDHs系统可将除霜循环能耗降低5.30%。这些发现强调了分布式供暖系统的部署不仅提高了除霜效率，而且有助于整体能源优化，强调了其在现代制冷系统中实际应用的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

PINNs and Vieta-Lucas polynomial collocation simulation for heat transfer and thermal efficiency analysis in fully wetted semispherical fins with temperature-dependent thermal properties: Applications in air conditioning systems 具有温度依赖热性能的全湿半球面翅片的传热和热效率分析的pinn和Vieta-Lucas多项式配置模拟：在空调系统中的应用

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.11.002

K.J. Gowtham , C.G. Pavithra , B.J. Gireesha

Optimizing heat exchange in industrial uses such as chemical processing, refrigeration, and aerospace systems demands efficient and adaptable fin structures. This study conducts a numerical investigation into the transient temperature behavior of a fully wetted semi-spherical fin (WSSF) under convective-radiative conditions with internal heating. It considers both nonlinear and linear temperature reliant on thermal conductivities & heat transfer coefficients, alongside an evaluation of the fin’s efficiency. The Rosseland estimate is applied to account for radiative heat transfer. The energy equation, stated in dimensionless terms, is transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) and solved with physics-informed neural network (PINN) and the Vieta-Lucas Polynomial Collocation method. The analysis covers parametric variations to assess their influence on the temperature profile, with consequences presented graphically. Key findings show that as the convection-conduction scale and radiation number increase, the thermal distribution across the SSF decreases. Conversely, temperature distribution rises with increased heat generation and thermal conductivity. The study also highlights that fin efficiency improves at lower values of wet porous parameter, and radiative parameter.

优化热交换在工业用途，如化学加工，制冷和航空航天系统需要高效和适应性强的翅片结构。本文对对流辐射条件下全湿半球形翅片（WSSF）的瞬态温度特性进行了数值研究。它考虑了依赖于导热系数和传热系数的非线性和线性温度，以及对散热片效率的评估。采用Rosseland估计来解释辐射传热。将以无量纲形式表示的能量方程转化为非线性常微分方程（ODE），并利用物理信息神经网络（PINN）和Vieta-Lucas多项式配置法求解。分析涵盖了参数变化，以评估其对温度分布的影响，并以图形表示了结果。研究结果表明：随着对流传导尺度和辐射数的增加，整个SSF的热分布减小；相反，温度分布随着产热量和导热系数的增加而上升。研究还表明，湿多孔参数和辐射参数越小，翅片效率越高。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to ‘Analysis of building-integrated solar desiccant air cooling systems considering the dynamic sensible and latent cooling loads’ [International Journal of Refrigeration 181 (2026) 111–125] “考虑动态显冷负荷和潜在冷负荷的建筑集成太阳能干燥剂空气冷却系统的分析”的修正[国际制冷杂志181 (2026)111-125]

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.10.025

Ghulam Qadir Chaudhary , Zhongtao Hu , Suoying He , Muzaffar Ali , Sibghat Ullah , Muhammad Waheed Azam , Muhammad Usman , Ning Qin , Ming Gao

引用次数: 0

The effect of fan tilt angle, fan type and shelf gap on domestic refrigerator's temperature uniformity and airflow 风机倾斜角度、风机类型和货架间隙对家用冰箱温度均匀性和气流的影响

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.11.001

Faisal Elhabashy , A.A. Hawwash , Aly M.A. Soliman , E.F. El-Gazar , Walid G. Alshaer

A comprehensive, validated numerical study is conducted to enhance temperature uniformity within a top-freezer refrigerator. The 3D model employs conservation laws, heat balance equations, and a porous media technique to accurately simulate airflow and thermal distribution inside a refrigerator with adiabatic walls. Three key parameters are investigated numerically: fan type, fan tilt angle, and shelf gap. Three commercial fans (Fan-1, Fan-2, and Fan-3) were considered. Fan tilt angles of 0°, -10°, and +10° were examined as Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. Four shelf gap configurations 0, 5, 10, and 15 mm were analyzed as Cases A through D. Results show that, excluding R1, temperature in the refrigerator compartment gradually increased from the Fresh Case to R2, R3, and the Vegetable Case, while remaining relatively constant in the freezer compartment. Based on performance, Fan-2 provided the best temperature uniformity. Additionally, a + 10° fan tilt significantly improved thermal consistency compared to 0° and -10° orientations. Furthermore, the maximum temperature uniformity was achieved with the widest shelf gap (15 mm, Case D).

为了提高顶部冷冻室内的温度均匀性，进行了全面、有效的数值研究。三维模型采用守恒定律、热平衡方程和多孔介质技术来精确模拟具有绝热壁的冰箱内部的气流和热分布。数值研究了三个关键参数：风机类型、风机倾斜角和机箱间隙。考虑3个商用风扇（Fan-1、Fan-2和Fan-3）。风机倾斜角度0°、-10°和+10°分别作为案例1、案例2和案例3进行检查。结果表明，除R1外，冷冻室的温度从新鲜柜到R2、R3和蔬菜柜逐渐升高，而冷冻室的温度保持相对恒定。从性能上看，风扇-2提供了最佳的温度均匀性。此外，与0°和-10°方向相比，+ 10°风扇倾斜显著提高了热一致性。此外，在最宽的货架间隙（15 mm，案例D）下，温度均匀性达到最大。

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引用次数: 0

A novel physics-guided collaborative modeling method for steady-state simulation of air source heat pump system 空气源热泵系统稳态仿真的物理导向协同建模新方法

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.10.026

Lianyu Shan , Qingzhuang Wu , Mei Wang , Hui Zhang , Wenbo Li , Yanhua Guo , Shuangquan Shao , Zhuang Chen , Yaran Liang

It is vital to develop steady-state simulation models for optimizing the design and control of air source heat pump (ASHP) systems. However, existing ASHP modeling methods still face challenges in balancing computational efficiency, high accuracy, and robustness. Therefore, a physics-guided collaborative modeling (PGCM) method is proposed to enhance ASHP simulation. Firstly, a heat exchanger physics-informed neural network (HX-PINN) is established to capture nonlinear relationships in heat transfer processes. Secondly, the coupling residual of thermodynamic cycle is introduced to construct the system-level solver. Finally, a comprehensive validation of the HX-PINN model and PGCM-based system model are conducted under a wide range of operation conditions. Results indicate that the HX-PINN model effectively captures nonlinear relationships in heat transfer processes under small data sample conditions, and the prediction accuracy of pressure drop and enthalpy change in the testing set achieves 99.3 % and 98.5 %, respectively. Furthermore, the PGCM-based system model reduces computational time of the physical baseline model by 86.9 %-95.2 % while maintaining a COP mean absolute percentage error of 1.5 %. The proposed PGCM method improves the reliability of data-driven models for ASHP control optimization.

建立稳态仿真模型对于优化空气源热泵系统的设计和控制具有重要意义。然而，现有的空气源热泵建模方法在平衡计算效率、高精度和鲁棒性方面仍然面临挑战。为此，提出了一种物理引导协同建模（PGCM）方法来增强空气源热泵仿真。首先，建立了换热器物理信息神经网络（HX-PINN）来捕捉换热过程中的非线性关系。其次，引入热力循环耦合余量，构造系统级求解器。最后，在广泛的运行条件下对HX-PINN模型和基于pgcm的系统模型进行了综合验证。结果表明，HX-PINN模型在小数据样本条件下有效地捕捉了换热过程中的非线性关系，测试集的压降和焓变预测精度分别达到99.3%和98.5%。此外，基于pgcm的系统模型将物理基线模型的计算时间减少了86.9% - 95.2%，同时保持了1.5%的COP平均绝对百分比误差。提出的PGCM方法提高了数据驱动模型在空气源热泵控制优化中的可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation on a R32 rotary compressor with vapor injection by supplementary valve based on FSI simulation 基于FSI仿真的R32补汽式旋转压缩机研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.10.024

Wang Zeng , Xi Pan , Jianye Chen , Junlong Xie

Rotary compressors with vapor injection are widely used in heat pump systems at low temperature. The valve motion is critical to the performance and reliability of rotary compressors. Injection pressure and supplementary valve lift are important factors directly affecting valve motion. Based on a compressor prototype, this paper presents a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model to simulate the working process of the compressor and the motion of two valves. The fracture location of the discharge valve plate (DVP) highly matches the stress concentration region in the FSI simulation results, confirming its accuracy. The simulation results show that without injection at low evaporation temperatures, the DVP exhibits insufficient movement with almost no fully-opening period. When vapor injection is enabled, an increase in injection pressure accelerates the pressure rise in the compression chamber, enhances the supplementary mass flow rate by approximately 30 %, and nearly doubles the fully-opening period of DVP, thereby facilitating a smoother discharge process. Increasing supplementary valve lift has limited impact on the DVP motion, with its primary effect being an increase in the supplementary flow rate by about 5 %. The supplementary valve velocity is equivalent to that of the DVP, and the valve plate has a larger rebound.

带蒸汽喷射的旋转压缩机广泛应用于低温热泵系统中。气门运动对旋转压缩机的性能和可靠性至关重要。喷射压力和辅阀升程是直接影响气门运动的重要因素。以某压缩机样机为基础，建立了流固耦合模型，对压缩机的工作过程和两阀的运动进行了仿真。排气阀板（DVP）的断裂位置与FSI模拟结果中的应力集中区高度吻合，证实了其准确性。模拟结果表明，在低蒸发温度下，无喷射时，DVP运动不足，几乎没有全开期。当蒸汽喷射开启时，喷射压力的增加加速了压缩室压力的上升，使补充质量流量提高了约30%，使DVP的全开周期增加了近一倍，从而使排放过程更加顺畅。增加辅助阀升程对DVP运动的影响有限，其主要作用是使辅助流量增加约5%。补阀速度与DVP相当，阀板回弹较大。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of magnetic field-assisted osmotic dehydration pretreatment on the water retention and cell structure of frozen strawberries 磁场辅助渗透脱水预处理对冷冻草莓保水性和细胞结构的影响

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.10.023

Xuefeng Xiong, Xuehui Cao, Xiangling Xu, Jingkai Su

Osmotic dehydration (OD) before freezing can improve the quality of frozen products, but it has a significant impact on water. Magnetic fields can regulate the distribution of water and reduce water loss. This study investigated the effects of magnetic magnetic field-assisted OD followed by freezing on the water content and cell structure of strawberries in terms of water content and distribution, as well as cell structure. The results show that the freezing time of strawberries subjected to magnetic field-assisted OD pretreatment was significantly shortened compared with that of direct freezing subjected, and that the water loss during dripping was significantly reduced. The accumulation of malondialdehyde was the lowest, and the hardness was the greatest. The results of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and laser confocal microscopy indicate that the water distribution in the magnetic field treatment group was more uniform, water retention was better, and the cell structure was more intact. Therefore, magnetic field-assisted permeation dehydration pretreatment has potential application in water retention and reduction of cell damage in frozen strawberries. Magnetic field-assisted OD pretreatment technology, being a gentle pretreatment process, can reduce the water content of strawberries, thereby significantly reducing the energy consumption and time required for subsequent freezing processing and thus improving production efficiency and lowering costs.

冷冻前的渗透脱水（OD）可以提高冷冻产品的品质，但对水分的影响较大。磁场可以调节水分的分布，减少水分的流失。本研究从草莓水分含量、分布、细胞结构等方面考察了磁场辅助OD后冷冻对草莓水分含量和细胞结构的影响。结果表明：与直接冷冻相比，磁场辅助OD预处理显著缩短了草莓的冷冻时间，显著降低了草莓在滴落过程中的水分损失；丙二醛积累量最低，硬度最大。低场核磁共振和激光共聚焦显微镜观察结果表明，磁场处理组水分布更均匀，保水性更好，细胞结构更完整。因此，磁场辅助渗透脱水预处理在冷冻草莓保水和减少细胞损伤方面具有潜在的应用前景。磁场辅助OD预处理技术是一种温和的预处理工艺，可以降低草莓的含水量，从而显著降低后续冷冻加工的能耗和时间，从而提高生产效率，降低成本。

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引用次数: 0

Fault diagnosis of heat pump system with different transfer tasks based on cross domain deep transfer learning 基于跨域深度迁移学习的不同传递任务热泵系统故障诊断

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.10.022

Yabin Guo , Yaxin Liu , Zunlong Jin , Yuhua Wang , Congcong Du , Changhai Liu , Weilin Li

Fault diagnosis can effectively reduce the energy consumption caused by system faults in building applications. However, conventional machine learning methods require large labeled datasets and suffer from limited generalization. This study proposes a cross domain deep transfer learning (CDDTL) model aimed at enhancing the applicability and effectiveness of fault diagnosis in building scenarios with limited labeled data. A cross-system carbon dioxide heat pump fault diagnosis model based on TL has been established for two different TL tasks in building environments. Feature selection is conducted from dual perspectives of thermodynamic theory and machine learning through theoretical analysis and random forest importance ranking. Transfer learning models are optimized via hyperparameter tuning, significantly improving fault diagnosis accuracy. The results indicate that the CDDTL method outperforms the other four TL methods in both tasks, achieving an optimal accuracy of 91.55%. Through feature variable screening, the accuracy of the correlation alignment fault diagnosis model for the transfer task from the water heater to the air conditioner is improved by 43.44%. After model parameter optimization, the CDDTL method significantly improves fault diagnosis effectiveness, particularly in the water heater to air conditioner transfer direction within building applications. This approach achieves a fault diagnosis accuracy of 91.55%, representing a 9.07% improvement over the baseline (82.48%).

在建筑应用中，故障诊断可以有效地降低系统故障造成的能耗。然而，传统的机器学习方法需要大量的标记数据集，并且泛化能力有限。本文提出了一种跨域深度迁移学习（CDDTL）模型，旨在提高在有限标记数据的建筑场景下故障诊断的适用性和有效性。针对建筑环境中两种不同的故障诊断任务，建立了基于故障诊断的跨系统二氧化碳热泵故障诊断模型。通过理论分析和随机森林重要性排序，从热力学理论和机器学习的双重角度进行特征选择。通过超参数整定对迁移学习模型进行优化，显著提高了故障诊断的准确率。结果表明，CDDTL方法在两种任务中都优于其他四种TL方法，达到了91.55%的最佳准确率。通过特征变量筛选，将热水器转空调任务的相关对齐故障诊断模型的准确率提高了43.44%。经过模型参数优化后，CDDTL方法显著提高了故障诊断的有效性，特别是在建筑内热水器到空调传输方向的应用。该方法达到了91.55%的故障诊断准确率，比基线（82.48%）提高了9.07%。

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引用次数: 0

Maximizing the temperature span of a reciprocating fully-solid-state magnetocaloric refrigerator 最大限度地提高往复式全固态磁热冰箱的温度跨度

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.10.005

Jing He , Chunwan Ya , Biwang Lu , Yaokang Zhang , Yonglong Zhou

Magnetocaloric refrigeration demonstrates environmental friendliness and high efficiency, and is widely recognized as a promising substitute for vapor compression refrigeration. However, the heat transfer fluids present in traditional magnetocaloric refrigerator limits temperature gradient and lowers the cooling power. Herein, this paper proposes a reciprocating fully-solid-state magnetocaloric refrigerator. The specially designed double-layer structural enables the spontaneous completion of heat regeneration process. The heat-transfer configurations inside or between magnetocaloric materials have been optimized to explore the optimal cooling performance. The heat transfer model has been validated by experiments. The finite element simulation results show that by using gadolinium as magnetocaloric material and the applied magnetic field is 1.0 T, a maximum no-load temperature span of 43.10 K is achieved at the triangle internal heat-transfer configuration, the Peltier’s input voltage of 0.5 V and contact time of 30 s. The integrated Peltier system exhibits a markedly lower energy-cost ratio, which reveals sufficient potential for practical application. In addition, the proposed improvements are beneficial for guiding the design and optimization of solid-state magnetocaloric refrigerators.

磁热制冷具有环境友好、效率高的特点，被广泛认为是蒸汽压缩制冷的有前途的替代品。然而，传统磁热制冷机中存在的传热流体限制了温度梯度，降低了制冷功率。为此，本文提出了一种往复式全固态磁热制冷机。特殊设计的双层结构，使热再生过程自动完成。优化了磁热材料内部或材料之间的传热结构，以探索最佳的冷却性能。实验验证了传热模型的正确性。有限元仿真结果表明，当外加磁场为1.0 T时，在三角形内换热配置、珀耳梯输入电压为0.5 V、接触时间为30 s时，可获得最大空载温度跨度43.10 K。集成Peltier系统具有较低的能量成本比，具有充分的实际应用潜力。此外，所提出的改进有利于指导固态磁热冰箱的设计和优化。

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引用次数: 0