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Stratification and heat transfer characteristics for R32-partially miscible oil mixture flow boiling inside a micro-fin tube 微型鳍管内沸腾的 R32 部分混油混合物流的分层和传热特性
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.005
R32 commonly applied in room air-conditioners has flammability, and the ways to decrease the charging amount, e.g. reducing the dissolution of refrigerant in the lubricating oil, are important to reduce combustion risk. The application of partially miscible oil rather than completely miscible oil can decrease R32 solubility but may deteriorate the heat transfer by the forming of pure oil layer, and thus the understanding of the stratification and flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of R32-partially miscible oil mixture is necessary. The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the stratification and flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of a mixture of R32 and partially miscible POE oil, and to propose a new heat transfer correlation. The experiments are carried out at evaporation temperature varying from -5 °C – 15 °C, total oil concentration varying from 1 % to 5 %, vapor quality varying from 0.1 – 0.9 and mass flux varying from 200 kg m-2 s-1 to 400 kg m-2 s-1.The results indicate that the stratification of R32-partially miscible oil mixture occurs at the high liquid oil concentrations, and an oil-poor layer and an oil-rich layer are involved in the stratified annular layer. R32-partially miscible oil mixture has higher flow boiling heat transfer coefficients than R32-completely miscible oil mixture due to the low viscosity of the oil-poor layer. A new flow boiling heat transfer correlation reflecting the effect of stratification is developed, and the predicted results agree with 91 % of the test results as the relative deviation ranges in ±20%.
室内空调中常用的 R32 具有易燃性,如何减少充注量(如减少制冷剂在润滑油中的溶解)对于降低燃烧风险非常重要。使用部分混溶油而非完全混溶油可以降低 R32 的溶解度,但可能会因形成纯油层而恶化传热效果,因此有必要了解 R32 部分混溶油混合物的分层和流动沸腾传热特性。本研究旨在通过实验研究 R32 和部分混溶 POE 油混合物的分层和流动沸腾传热特性,并提出一种新的传热相关性。实验条件为蒸发温度在 -5 °C - 15 °C 之间变化,总油浓度在 1 % - 5 % 之间变化,蒸汽质量在 0.1 - 0.9 之间变化,质量通量在 200 kg m-2 s-1 - 400 kg m-2 s-1 之间变化。由于贫油层的粘度较低,R32-部分混油混合物的流动沸腾传热系数高于 R32-完全混油混合物。新的流动沸腾传热系数反映了分层的影响,预测结果与 91% 的测试结果一致,相对偏差在 ±20% 之间。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation and multi-objective optimization of a tubular indirect evaporative cooler integrated with moisture-conducting fibers 集成了导湿纤维的管式间接蒸发冷却器的性能评估和多目标优化
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.028

Indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) technology is an energy-efficient approach for regulating the indoor thermal environment of buildings. The conventional tubular indirect evaporative cooler (TIEC) may have a relatively low cooling efficiency due to poor wettability issues. The application of moisture-conducting fibers provides a feasible way to solve the above problem. However, the integration of moisture-conducting fibers with TIEC is still in the exploratory stage. This study proposed a novel moisture-conducting fiber-assisted TIEC and conducted a multi-objective optimization. An experimental facility and theoretical model of the proposed moisture-conducting fiber-assisted TIEC were developed. Based on the numerical model validated by experiments and response surface methodology (RSM), the regression models for performance prediction of the cooler were established. Eight input parameters including inlet air parameters, operating parameters and geometric parameters were selected, and four performance evaluation indicators were chosen as output responses. The parameter sensitivity of the regression models was analyzed. The multi-objective optimization was performed by considering the influence of different relative weights assigned to the output responses. Furthermore, the performance of the optimized cooler applied in different climate zones was predicted. The results showed that the product air temperature drop could achieve 8.8–11.3 °C after cooling by the cooler. The established regression models can predict the performance of the moisture-conducting fiber-assisted TIEC conveniently and effectively, which is expected to guide the design and optimization of engineering practices.

间接蒸发冷却(IEC)技术是一种调节建筑物室内热环境的节能方法。传统的管式间接蒸发冷却器(TIEC)由于润湿性差,冷却效率相对较低。导湿纤维的应用为解决上述问题提供了一种可行的方法。然而,导湿纤维与 TIEC 的结合仍处于探索阶段。本研究提出了一种新型导湿纤维辅助 TIEC,并进行了多目标优化。研究建立了导湿纤维辅助 TIEC 的实验设施和理论模型。基于实验验证的数值模型和响应面方法(RSM),建立了冷却器性能预测的回归模型。选择了包括进气参数、运行参数和几何参数在内的八个输入参数,并选择了四个性能评价指标作为输出响应。分析了回归模型的参数敏感性。通过考虑输出响应的不同相对权重的影响,进行了多目标优化。此外,还对优化后的冷却器在不同气候区的应用性能进行了预测。结果表明,冷却器冷却后,产品空气温度下降可达到 8.8-11.3 °C。所建立的回归模型可以方便有效地预测导湿纤维辅助 TIEC 的性能,有望指导工程实践的设计和优化。
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引用次数: 0
Boiling heat transfer characteristics of distributed jet array impingement on metal foam covers with different wettability 分布式射流阵列撞击不同润湿性金属泡沫盖板的沸腾传热特性
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.001

Wettability may have significant influence on jet impingement boiling on metal foam, but the effect mechanism of metal foam wettability remains unclear. In this study, the boiling heat transfer characteristics of distributed jet array impingement on hydrophobic and hydrophilic metal foam covers were experimentally researched and compared with those on uncoated metal foam covers to analyze the influence of wettability. The experimental conditions cover contact angles of 14.0–158.7°, pore densities of 20–40 PPI, porosities of 92 %-97 %, thicknesses of 3.0–5.0 mm, and jet velocities of 0.5–4.0 m·s−1. The results show that, the obtained maximum heat flux and maximum heat transfer coefficient are up to 538.1 W cm−2 and 57.9 Kw m−2 K−1, respectively; the hydrophobic metal foam cover has a 4.8 K lower surface superheated degree at the onset of nucleate boiling, but a 7.5 % lower maximum heat transfer coefficient compared with the uncoated one; the hydrophilic metal foam cover shows a less deterioration after the departure from nucleate boiling but a 5.3 K higher surface superheated degree at the onset of nucleate boiling than those of the uncoated one. A new correlation for boiling heat transfer coefficients was developed with a mean relative error of 9.75 %.

润湿性可能对金属泡沫上的射流撞击沸腾有显著影响,但金属泡沫润湿性的影响机理尚不清楚。本研究通过实验研究了分布式射流阵列撞击疏水和亲水金属泡沫盖板的沸腾传热特性,并与未涂层金属泡沫盖板的沸腾传热特性进行了对比,分析了润湿性的影响。实验条件包括接触角 14.0-158.7°,孔密度 20-40 PPI,孔隙率 92 %-97 %,厚度 3.0-5.0 mm,喷射速度 0.5-4.0 m-s-1。结果表明,获得的最大热通量和最大传热系数分别高达 538.1 W cm-2 和 57.9 Kw m-2 K-1;疏水性金属泡沫覆盖层在成核沸腾开始时的表面过热度低 4.8 K,但最大传热系数低 7.亲水性金属泡沫覆盖层在脱离成核沸腾后的恶化程度较小,但在成核沸腾开始时的表面过热度比无覆盖层高 5.3 K。新开发的沸腾传热系数相关性平均相对误差为 9.75%。
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引用次数: 0
Feed-forward compensation for emulator-type testing facilities 仿真器类型测试设施的前馈补偿
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.023

Defining the required trackability level of the target condition for the testing facility reconditioning unit represents an unresolved challenge in improving the reproducibility of load-based tests and corresponding performance rating standards development. To enhance the reproducibility of such testing methodology, this paper presents and discusses a new feed-forward compensation technique based on the development of a transfer function model for the delay and offset characteristics of the psychrometric room's air temperature and humidity modulations with reference to the target signal from the room emulator. It is demonstrated that the proposed methodology enables offset and delay reduction in the trackability of the return air condition within 60 s at different testing conditions, enhances the reproducibility of the test results to limit performance deviations to within 2 %, and achieves closely matched controlled parameter modulations during load-based tests.

在提高基于负载的测试的可重复性和相应的性能评级标准制定方面,确定测试设备修复单元目标条件的所需可跟踪水平是一个尚未解决的难题。为了提高这种测试方法的可重复性,本文介绍并讨论了一种新的前馈补偿技术,该技术基于对房间仿真器目标信号的延迟和偏移特性的传递函数模型的开发。结果表明,所提出的方法能够在不同的测试条件下,在 60 秒内减少回风条件跟踪的偏移和延迟,提高测试结果的可重复性,将性能偏差限制在 2% 以内,并在基于负载的测试中实现密切匹配的受控参数调制。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing airflow in spiral blast freezers 优化螺旋鼓风式冷冻机中的气流
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.015

Spiral blast freezing is a common unit operation used in food processing facilities for rapidly freezing a variety of foodstuffs. The purpose of a blast freezer is to generate high velocity, low temperature air flow over food products being conveyed within refrigerated enclosures to accomplish the freezing process. However, air flow patterns observed within field operating blast freezers are often suboptimal, resulting in diminished system performance. This paper applies a Monte Carlo simulation technique to a food product freezing simulation in order to identify velocity profiles that optimize the freezing process. A one-dimensional food product model is used to evaluate the interplay between the time variation in the magnitude of the air velocity over food products conveyed through the freezing system and the resulting dwell time needed to achieve a target product core temperature at the blast freezer exit. Temporal heat transfer coefficients derived from field measurements made in a newly installed spiral blast freezer serve as a basis to calibrate the one-dimensional product model.

The results of the Monte Carlo analysis show freezing system performance is improved when high and stable air velocities over the product are achieved early in the freezing process dwell time. Air flow patterns within a freezing system that result in high air velocity later in the freezing process dwell time are suboptimal. Field-measured data on a newly installed spiral blast freezer showed this suboptimal air flow pattern and the use of baffling within the spiral enables improved airflow leading to an estimated 10 % increase in production throughput.

螺旋鼓风冷冻是食品加工设施中常用的单元操作,用于快速冷冻各种食品。鼓风冷冻机的目的是在冷藏室内输送的食品上产生高速、低温气流,以完成冷冻过程。然而,在现场运行的鼓风式冷冻机中观察到的气流模式往往不理想,导致系统性能下降。本文将蒙特卡罗模拟技术应用于食品冷冻模拟,以确定优化冷冻过程的速度曲线。采用一维食品模型来评估食品通过冷冻系统时气流速度大小的时间变化与在鼓风式冷冻机出口达到目标产品核心温度所需的停留时间之间的相互作用。蒙特卡洛分析的结果表明,当产品在冷冻过程停留时间的早期达到较高且稳定的气流速度时,冷冻系统的性能会得到改善。冷冻系统内的气流模式如果在冷冻过程停留时间的后期导致高气流速度,则不是最佳模式。对一台新安装的螺旋式鼓风冷冻机进行的现场测量数据显示了这种不理想的气流模式,而在螺旋式冷冻机内使用挡板可改善气流,从而使产量提高 10%。
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引用次数: 0
Pressure drop prediction for R407C fluid during flow evaporation in horizontal pipes using Kalman Filter 利用卡尔曼滤波器预测 R407C 流体在水平管道中流动蒸发时的压降
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.027
The estimation of pressure drop in systems involving two-phase fluids holds a substantial influence over system design, energy efficiency, heat transfer dynamics, and the overall system performance. Existing correlations in the current literature exhibit considerable errors, primarily attributable to the diverse characteristics of flow patterns inside the pipe. This work presents a discussion on the pressure drop of the R-407C fluid in horizontal pipes during two-phase flow, along with the application of the Kalman Filter to improve the estimations produced by well-known correlations. The initialization data used were obtained through equations created based on experimental data and considering the influence that diameter, mass velocity, and saturation pressure have on the pressure drop. The correlations used as a basis for the calculations were selected from the literature, considering the lowest percentage error observed in the pressure drop estimation. Experimental data of pressure drop where compared with the results the obtained by using the correlation alone and in combination with a Kalman Filter. For tubes with a diameter greater than 1.5 mm, applying the correlation together with the Kalman Filter resulted in a Mean Absolute Relative Deviation (MARD) of 15.71, whereas using the correlation alone yielded a MARD of 28.26. For tubes with diameters of 1.5 mm or less, the MARD values were 12.12 and 62.90, for the combination of correlation and the Kalman Filter and for the correlation alone, respectively. These results underscore the viability of the Kalman Filter as an effective tool for improving the accuracy of pressure drop calculations in horizontal tubes.
在涉及两相流体的系统中,压降的估算对系统设计、能源效率、传热动力学和整个系统的性能都有重大影响。现有文献中的相关数据存在相当大的误差,这主要归因于管道内部流动模式的不同特性。本研究讨论了两相流动时 R-407C 流体在水平管道中的压降,并应用卡尔曼滤波器改进了由著名相关方法产生的估计值。所使用的初始化数据是通过基于实验数据并考虑到直径、质量速度和饱和压力对压力降的影响而创建的方程式获得的。作为计算基础的相关系数是从文献中挑选出来的,考虑到了压降估算中观察到的最低误差百分比。压力降的实验数据与单独使用相关性和结合卡尔曼滤波器得出的结果进行了比较。对于直径大于 1.5 毫米的管道,将相关性与卡尔曼滤波器结合使用得出的平均绝对相对偏差(MARD)为 15.71,而单独使用相关性得出的平均绝对相对偏差为 28.26。对于直径为 1.5 毫米或以下的试管,结合使用相关性和卡尔曼滤波器以及单独使用相关性的平均绝对相对偏差值分别为 12.12 和 62.90。这些结果表明,卡尔曼滤波器是提高水平管道压降计算精度的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical investigation on spray cooling of skid-mounted CNG air cooler under the influence of crosswind 横风影响下撬装压缩天然气空气冷却器喷雾冷却的数值研究
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.025

Air cooler is a critical heat dissipation equipment applied in the field of oil and gas storage, which is mainly used to control the temperature during oil and gas storage and ensure the safety of oil and gas storage. After the installation of the spray cooling system on the skid-mounted compressed natural gas (CNG) air cooler Suqiao gas storage, the inlet air temperature of the air cooler decreases, resulting in reduced compressor power consumption. This effectively addresses the issue of unit shutdown due to high temperatures during the summer. However, the actual spray effect on-site reveals the impact of crosswinds, which poses a challenge. In this study, the flow field and causes of the skid-mounted CNG air cooler equipped with a spray cooling system under the influence of crosswinds are analyzed. Additionally, a solution involving the installation of a baffle is proposed. The results highlight that crosswinds have an adverse effect on outdoor spray cooling. With the installation of the baffle, the low-temperature area expands, resulting in lower temperatures. The cooling range is approximately 2 K, effectively counteracting the negative effects of crosswinds.

空气冷却器是应用于油气储藏领域的关键散热设备,主要用于控制油气储藏过程中的温度,确保油气储藏安全。苏桥储气库撬装式压缩天然气(CNG)空冷器安装喷雾冷却系统后,空冷器进气温度降低,压缩机耗电量减少。这有效解决了夏季高温导致机组停机的问题。然而,现场实际喷淋效果却显示出了横风的影响,这给研究带来了挑战。本研究分析了配备喷雾冷却系统的撬装压缩天然气空气冷却器在横风影响下的流场和原因。此外,还提出了安装挡板的解决方案。结果表明,横风对室外喷雾冷却有不利影响。安装挡板后,低温区域扩大,温度降低。冷却范围约为 2 K,有效抵消了横风的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Achieving high stability in Cryostat: A study on optimal thermal link parameters 实现低温恒温器的高稳定性:最佳热链参数研究
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.026

Thermal link is an important carrier used to transfer the cooling capacity and suppress the temperature fluctuation in cryostat. To balance these two points, it is usually necessary to find the optimum thermal link parameters. This paper establishes a model for the cryocooler cold head-thermal link-second flange based on a cryostat. Utilizing the response surface method, response equations correlating thermal link parameters with the temperature and its fluctuations of the second stage flange are developed at the lowest temperature of cryocooler. Through dual-objective optimization of cooling capacity transfer and temperature fluctuations at the second flange, the optimal thermal link parameters are determined and experimentally validated based on predicted results. The experimental and predicted values show good agreement with an error of 2 %. The optimized thermal link led a minor temperature increase and a significant temperature fluctuation reduction, decreasing from 230mK at the cold head to 2.900mK at the second flange, achieving a 98.74 % reduction. Furthermore, compared with non-optimization structure, the optimization one has further lowered the temperature fluctuation at the second flange from 4.000mK to 2.900mK with 27.5 % improvement. These results show that the present methods are reliable and useful to help to realize highly stable low-temperature environment in cryostat.

热链是低温恒温器中传递冷却能力和抑制温度波动的重要载体。为了平衡这两点,通常需要找到最佳的热链参数。本文建立了一个基于低温恒温器的低温冷却器冷头-热链-第二法兰模型。利用响应面法,建立了低温冷却器最低温度下热链路参数与第二级法兰温度及其波动相关的响应方程。通过冷却能力传递和第二级法兰温度波动的双目标优化,确定了最佳热链接参数,并根据预测结果进行了实验验证。实验值和预测值显示出良好的一致性,误差为 2%。优化后的热链接使温度略有上升,温度波动显著降低,从冷头处的 230mK 降至第二法兰处的 2.900mK,降幅达 98.74%。此外,与未优化结构相比,优化结构进一步降低了第二法兰处的温度波动,从 4.000mK 降至 2.900mK,提高了 27.5%。这些结果表明,目前的方法是可靠和有用的,有助于在低温恒温器中实现高度稳定的低温环境。
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引用次数: 0
Evolution of purge with multi-sector, novel designs, and configurations of desiccant wheels: A technical review 使用多扇区、新颖设计和配置的干燥剂轮进行净化的演变:A TECHNICAL REVIEW{fr}ÉVOLUTION DE LA PURGE AVEC DES CONCEPTIONS MULTISECTORIELLES, NOUVELLES ET CONFIGURATIONS DE ROUES DESSICANTES:une revue technique
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.021

This review provides a comprehensive summary of research pertaining to the purge section within desiccant wheels featuring multi-sector configurations. Additionally, it encompasses discussions on innovative wheel designs such as non-adiabatic desiccant wheels and the achievement of two-stage dehumidification from a single wheel employing multi-sector approaches. The review begins by providing a concise historical overview of the desiccant wheel, followed by a systematic classification of the research conducted in this area. Subsequently, various categorizations are presented in a logical sequence, offering a structured understanding of the subject matter. Central to the critical findings of this review is the identification of an optimal purge wheel sector angle, which not only decreases the energy consumption of the desiccant wheel but also significantly reduces the exit temperature of process air. Moreover, the review highlights the potential of achieving isothermal dehumidification through the utilization of non-adiabatic rotary desiccant wheels. Furthermore, the introduction of a multi-sector desiccant wheel is one of the key successes in obtaining two-stage dehumidification and getting multi-output like cooling, heating with dehumidification, and heating with humidification. These are all efficiently derived from a single wheel.

本综述全面总结了与多扇区配置的干燥剂转轮内的净化部分有关的研究。此外,它还讨论了创新的转轮设计,如非绝热干燥剂转轮和采用多扇区方法的单个转轮实现两级除湿。综述首先简要介绍了干燥剂转轮的历史,然后对这一领域的研究进行了系统分类。随后,按逻辑顺序介绍了各种分类,使读者对这一主题有一个结构性的了解。本综述重要发现的核心是确定最佳的净化轮扇形角,这不仅能降低干燥剂轮的能耗,还能显著降低工艺空气的出口温度。此外,综述还强调了通过利用非绝热旋转式干燥剂转轮实现等温除湿的潜力。此外,引入多扇区干燥剂转轮是获得两级除湿和多输出(如冷却、加热除湿和加热加湿)的关键成功因素之一。这些都可以通过单个转轮高效实现。
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引用次数: 0
Sorption kinetics of salt-in-porous-matrix composites: The effect of expanded natural graphite on cooling power 盐在多孔基质复合材料中的吸附动力学:膨胀天然石墨对冷却功率的影响
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.004

Sorption heat transformers and thermal energy storage systems are emerging technologies that utilize and store low-grade waste heat for heating and cooling applications. The performance of sorption systems is not only affected by systems’ operating conditions, and overall systems’ design but also by sorption material or composite parameters such as thermal diffusivity, composition, and pore structure, among others. In this study, CaCl2-based salt-in-porous-matrix composites of different compositions and coating thicknesses were synthesized. During synthesis, salt to silica gel and polyvinyl alcohol to silica gel ratios were fixed and the thermal additive (expanded natural graphite) to silica gel ratio was varied with care from 0 to 0.26 (or 0 to 20.5 wt.%, additive to silica gel ratio). The thickness of samples varied from 2.3 to 8.3 ± 0.1 mm. The composites were characterized by a transient plane source (thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity), nitrogen adsorption porosimetry (specific surface area and total pore volume), and thermogravimetric sorption analysis (water sorption equilibrium) methods. A custom-built gravimetric large pressure jump (G-LPJ) testbed was used to study water sorption kinetics (water uptake vs. time) for selected samples. The thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the studied composite samples have shown significant enhancements, e.g., 240% (0.11 W/(m·K) vs. 0.37 W/(m·K)) and 310% (0.21 mm2/s vs. 0.87 mm2/s), respectively, by adding 12.5 wt.% expanded natural graphite (additive to silica gel ratio is 0.14) as a thermally conductive additive (additive to silica gel ratio) because of thermal percolation effect. This ratio of expanded natural graphite to silica gel was found to be optimal for studied composition. The results indicate that sorption composites with higher thermal diffusivity offer notably higher specific cooling power and improved sorption kinetics, compared to the composites without expanded natural graphite of the same thickness (850 W/kg vs. 480 W/kg at 70% water conversion for samples with thickness of 5.3 mm).

吸热变压器和热能储存系统是一种新兴技术,可利用和储存低品位废热,用于加热和冷却。吸附系统的性能不仅受到系统运行条件和整体系统设计的影响,还受到吸附材料或复合材料参数(如热扩散率、成分和孔隙结构等)的影响。本研究合成了不同成分和涂层厚度的 CaCl 盐基多孔基质复合材料。在合成过程中,盐与硅胶的比例和聚乙烯醇与硅胶的比例是固定的,热添加剂(膨胀天然石墨)与硅胶的比例在 0 至 0.26(或添加剂与硅胶的比例为 0 至 20.5 wt.%)之间变化。样品厚度在 2.3 至 8.3 ± 0.1 毫米之间变化。采用瞬态平面源(热导率和热扩散率)、氮吸附孔隙测定法(比表面积和总孔隙体积)和热重吸附分析法(水吸附平衡)对复合材料进行了表征。使用定制的重力大压力跃迁(G-LPJ)试验台来研究选定样品的吸水动力学(吸水率与时间的关系)。通过添加 12.5 wt.%的膨胀天然石墨(添加剂与硅胶的比率为 0.14)作为导热添加剂(添加剂与硅胶的比率),所研究的复合材料样品的热导率和扩散率都有显著提高,例如,由于热渗效应,分别提高了 240% (0.11 W/(m-K) vs. 0.37 W/(m-K))和 310% (0.21 mm/s vs. 0.87 mm/s)。研究发现,膨胀天然石墨与硅胶的这一比例是所研究成分的最佳比例。结果表明,与相同厚度、不含膨胀天然石墨的复合材料相比,热扩散率更高的吸附复合材料具有更高的比冷却功率,吸附动力学也得到了改善(厚度为 5.3 毫米的样品在 70% 水转化率下的比冷却功率为 850 瓦/千克,比吸附功率为 480 瓦/千克)。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid
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