Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015794
P. Hou, Ruzelita binti Ngadiran, Muhammad Imran bin Ahmad, Y. Obad
This paper discusses the comparison between two modulation systems, pulse code modulation and delta modulation. The objective is to identify a suitable modulation for speech coding by comparing delta modulation (DM) with pulse code modulation (PCM). The reconstruction performance of the delta modulation is compared with the pulse code modulation by using MATLAB, SIMULINK and finally implemented DSP Processor for real time realization. The simulation result using SIMULINK shows that the delta modulation performs better than pulse code modulation. Hence, delta modulator is implemented for real time test on DSP board, TMS320C6416. Delta modulation is successfully implemented in real time realization and can be further improved to reduce noise for future works.
{"title":"An embedded delta modulator system for coding speech signals","authors":"P. Hou, Ruzelita binti Ngadiran, Muhammad Imran bin Ahmad, Y. Obad","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015794","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the comparison between two modulation systems, pulse code modulation and delta modulation. The objective is to identify a suitable modulation for speech coding by comparing delta modulation (DM) with pulse code modulation (PCM). The reconstruction performance of the delta modulation is compared with the pulse code modulation by using MATLAB, SIMULINK and finally implemented DSP Processor for real time realization. The simulation result using SIMULINK shows that the delta modulation performs better than pulse code modulation. Hence, delta modulator is implemented for real time test on DSP board, TMS320C6416. Delta modulation is successfully implemented in real time realization and can be further improved to reduce noise for future works.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126535338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015768
Tze Weng Ow, W. Y. Chia, R. Bakhteri, Y. Hau
Arrhythmia is a heart disease where the heart rate is inconsistent. For some arrhythmias that can cause sudden cardiac arrest, the patient needs to be sent to the hospital for immediate treatment. Most of the current electrocardiogram (ECG) devices are bulky, cost expensive, and does not include the self-classification or interpretation ability. Hence it is not suitable for small clinics and patients to use as the first screening devices. This paper proposed a SoC-based implementation of arrhythmia detector by using embedded software design. It able to analyze the heart rate variability (HRV), diagnose and classify the arrhythmias in terms of ventricular fibrillation (VF), premature ventricular contraction (PVC), and two degree heart block (2o Block) base on the R-R interval properties. The ECG signal is pre-processed and extract the R peak using Pan and Tompkins algorithm. The arrhythmia can be detected based on knowledge-based classification of the R-R intervals. The proposed system is prototyped on the Altera Video and Embedded Evaluation Kit with Multi-Touch (VEEK-MT) FPGA development board. Results shows that the proposed system able to classify the aforementioned arrhythmia types with convincing average detection accuracy in range of 85.71% to 93.61% based on MIT-BIH database.
心律失常是一种心率不一致的心脏病。对于一些可能导致心脏骤停的心律失常，患者需要立即送往医院接受治疗。目前大多数心电图设备体积庞大，价格昂贵，而且不包括自我分类或解释能力。因此，不适合小型诊所和患者作为第一筛查设备。本文采用嵌入式软件设计，提出了一种基于soc的心律失常检测仪的实现方案。能够分析心率变异性(HRV)，根据R-R间期特性对心律失常进行室性颤动(VF)、室性早搏(PVC)、二度心脏传导阻滞(20 block)的诊断和分类。对心电信号进行预处理，利用Pan和Tompkins算法提取R峰。心律失常可以通过基于知识的R-R区间分类来检测。该系统在Altera Video and Embedded Evaluation Kit with Multi-Touch (VEEK-MT) FPGA开发板上进行了原型设计。结果表明，基于MIT-BIH数据库，该系统能够对上述心律失常类型进行分类，平均检测准确率在85.71% ~ 93.61%之间。
{"title":"SoC-based design of arrhythmia detector","authors":"Tze Weng Ow, W. Y. Chia, R. Bakhteri, Y. Hau","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015768","url":null,"abstract":"Arrhythmia is a heart disease where the heart rate is inconsistent. For some arrhythmias that can cause sudden cardiac arrest, the patient needs to be sent to the hospital for immediate treatment. Most of the current electrocardiogram (ECG) devices are bulky, cost expensive, and does not include the self-classification or interpretation ability. Hence it is not suitable for small clinics and patients to use as the first screening devices. This paper proposed a SoC-based implementation of arrhythmia detector by using embedded software design. It able to analyze the heart rate variability (HRV), diagnose and classify the arrhythmias in terms of ventricular fibrillation (VF), premature ventricular contraction (PVC), and two degree heart block (2o Block) base on the R-R interval properties. The ECG signal is pre-processed and extract the R peak using Pan and Tompkins algorithm. The arrhythmia can be detected based on knowledge-based classification of the R-R intervals. The proposed system is prototyped on the Altera Video and Embedded Evaluation Kit with Multi-Touch (VEEK-MT) FPGA development board. Results shows that the proposed system able to classify the aforementioned arrhythmia types with convincing average detection accuracy in range of 85.71% to 93.61% based on MIT-BIH database.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":"61 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129532284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015769
R. M. Nor, A. Suhaib, Kamil S. Talha, Norfaeza Hassan, K. Wan, D. Hazry, A. Shahriman, Z. Razlan
The purpose of indoor mobile robot navigation is to travel the mobile robot toward stable-target in a predefined straight line navigation. The movement information of the two-wheeled mobile robot is used as an input to the fuzzy membership function and the outputted probability from the membership function is used to move the robot towards target. The experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy approach has shown reduction in straight line navigation error, improvement of 60% compared to the without fuzzy navigation.
{"title":"The effects of membership function of the input and output fuzzy logic controller in a mobile robot's straight line navigation","authors":"R. M. Nor, A. Suhaib, Kamil S. Talha, Norfaeza Hassan, K. Wan, D. Hazry, A. Shahriman, Z. Razlan","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015769","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of indoor mobile robot navigation is to travel the mobile robot toward stable-target in a predefined straight line navigation. The movement information of the two-wheeled mobile robot is used as an input to the fuzzy membership function and the outputted probability from the membership function is used to move the robot towards target. The experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy approach has shown reduction in straight line navigation error, improvement of 60% compared to the without fuzzy navigation.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128740133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015800
Alhamza Munther, Alabass Alalousi, Shahrul Nizam, R. R. Othman, Mohammed Anbar
Network traffic classification gains continuous interesting while many applications emerge on the different kinds of networks with obfuscation techniques. Decision tree is a supervised machine learning method used widely to identify and classify network traffic. In this paper, we introduce a comparative study focusing on two common decision tree methods namely: C4.5 and Random forest. The study offers comparative results in two different factors are accuracy of classification and processing time. C4.5 achieved high percentage of classification accuracy reach to 99.67 for 24000 instances while Random Forest was faster than C4.5 in term of processing time.
{"title":"Network traffic classification — A comparative study of two common decision tree methods: C4.5 and Random forest","authors":"Alhamza Munther, Alabass Alalousi, Shahrul Nizam, R. R. Othman, Mohammed Anbar","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015800","url":null,"abstract":"Network traffic classification gains continuous interesting while many applications emerge on the different kinds of networks with obfuscation techniques. Decision tree is a supervised machine learning method used widely to identify and classify network traffic. In this paper, we introduce a comparative study focusing on two common decision tree methods namely: C4.5 and Random forest. The study offers comparative results in two different factors are accuracy of classification and processing time. C4.5 achieved high percentage of classification accuracy reach to 99.67 for 24000 instances while Random Forest was faster than C4.5 in term of processing time.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128399219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015796
M. R. Khammar, M. Saripan, M. Marhaban, A. J. Ishak
Removal of high density salt and pepper noise is an interesting field of research. However, most previous approaches do not lead to good results. If the density of noise increases rapidly, the quality of the image tremendously decreases and the restoration of those images is a difficult task. This paper proposes an optimal method to suppress the noise with high density properly based on a nonlinear filter and decision-based approach. We assume a 3×3 fix window to scan the image from top-left to bottom-right of the image pixel by pixel. This size of window guarantees the image saving with more details and avoiding the image blurring. There are two steps, detection of the corrupted pixels and then restoration. Detection is provided by using statistical analysis in each window, then the appropriate replacement for the noisy pixel is conducted from given values inside the current window or adjacent reconstructed pixels based on mean calculation and also, for very high density of noise which density of noise is bigger than %80, the reconstruction is based on a recursive approach. Experimental results on some benchmark images and video clips show that this method is a successful algorithm for suppression of salt and pepper noise with high density; besides, they show that the computational complexity and time consuming are reasonable.
{"title":"Removal of high density salt and pepper noise from image and video based on optimal decision based algorithm","authors":"M. R. Khammar, M. Saripan, M. Marhaban, A. J. Ishak","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015796","url":null,"abstract":"Removal of high density salt and pepper noise is an interesting field of research. However, most previous approaches do not lead to good results. If the density of noise increases rapidly, the quality of the image tremendously decreases and the restoration of those images is a difficult task. This paper proposes an optimal method to suppress the noise with high density properly based on a nonlinear filter and decision-based approach. We assume a 3×3 fix window to scan the image from top-left to bottom-right of the image pixel by pixel. This size of window guarantees the image saving with more details and avoiding the image blurring. There are two steps, detection of the corrupted pixels and then restoration. Detection is provided by using statistical analysis in each window, then the appropriate replacement for the noisy pixel is conducted from given values inside the current window or adjacent reconstructed pixels based on mean calculation and also, for very high density of noise which density of noise is bigger than %80, the reconstruction is based on a recursive approach. Experimental results on some benchmark images and video clips show that this method is a successful algorithm for suppression of salt and pepper noise with high density; besides, they show that the computational complexity and time consuming are reasonable.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128428171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015812
H. Maamor, F. A. Rashid, N. Z. I. Zakaria, A. Zakaria, L. Kamarudin, M. N. Jaafar, A. Y. Shakaff, Norazian Subari, N. Yusuf, S. Ismail, K. Adnan
Current studies document the effectiveness of multi-sensing technique implementation to mimic or to complement human senses. This work demonstrated the successful application of multi-sensing techniques such electronic tongue (e-tongue), electronic nose (e-nose) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The fusion of these modalities enhance the classification of pure Tualang honey using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbour (KNN). KNN and PNN are able to classify between pure and adulterated honey samples, outperform LDA and SVM. By performing data fusion, SVM and LDA classifier can achieved more than 80% accuracy, while KNN and PNN obtained greater precision, up to 96% correct classification. The findings confirmed that, multi-sensing technique; either KNN or PNN was significantly superior compared to SVM and LDA classification methods. Thus, both analyses are able to discriminate between pure and adulterated honey.
{"title":"Bio-inspired taste assessment of pure and adulterated honey using multi-sensing technique","authors":"H. Maamor, F. A. Rashid, N. Z. I. Zakaria, A. Zakaria, L. Kamarudin, M. N. Jaafar, A. Y. Shakaff, Norazian Subari, N. Yusuf, S. Ismail, K. Adnan","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015812","url":null,"abstract":"Current studies document the effectiveness of multi-sensing technique implementation to mimic or to complement human senses. This work demonstrated the successful application of multi-sensing techniques such electronic tongue (e-tongue), electronic nose (e-nose) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The fusion of these modalities enhance the classification of pure Tualang honey using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbour (KNN). KNN and PNN are able to classify between pure and adulterated honey samples, outperform LDA and SVM. By performing data fusion, SVM and LDA classifier can achieved more than 80% accuracy, while KNN and PNN obtained greater precision, up to 96% correct classification. The findings confirmed that, multi-sensing technique; either KNN or PNN was significantly superior compared to SVM and LDA classification methods. Thus, both analyses are able to discriminate between pure and adulterated honey.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128123681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015776
Y. Fei
This paper studies the impact of impedance discontinuity or mismatch contributed by surface mount (SMT) pads of AC coupling capacitor on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) traces with 26 Giga-bit per second (Gbps) transmission and the technique to minimize its adverse effect, which in turn mitigates the degradation of signal integrity. The design is optimized by the insertion of a cut-out on the reference plane area beneath the SMT pads. The impact of the optimization is studied for 0603 and 0402 package in 3D model extraction using EMPro software from Keysight, and simulations of s-parameter (i.e. insertion loss), time domain reflectometry (TDR) and eye diagram analysis are conducted using Advance Design System (ADS). Subsequently, the characterization using vector network analyzer (VNA) and bit error rate tester (BERT) is conducted on a prototype PCB to verify the correlation between the measurement and simulation.
{"title":"Optimized surface mount structure for multi-Gigabit transmission","authors":"Y. Fei","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015776","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the impact of impedance discontinuity or mismatch contributed by surface mount (SMT) pads of AC coupling capacitor on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) traces with 26 Giga-bit per second (Gbps) transmission and the technique to minimize its adverse effect, which in turn mitigates the degradation of signal integrity. The design is optimized by the insertion of a cut-out on the reference plane area beneath the SMT pads. The impact of the optimization is studied for 0603 and 0402 package in 3D model extraction using EMPro software from Keysight, and simulations of s-parameter (i.e. insertion loss), time domain reflectometry (TDR) and eye diagram analysis are conducted using Advance Design System (ADS). Subsequently, the characterization using vector network analyzer (VNA) and bit error rate tester (BERT) is conducted on a prototype PCB to verify the correlation between the measurement and simulation.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116126514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015831
A. Rahman, S. Aljunid, M. Anuar, H. Fadhil
This paper focus on increase the efficiency power in free space optical communication by using new dual diffuser modulation (DDM) technique. Atmospheric turbulence effect which is considering on scintillation phenomenon is considered in this case study. Phase screen diffuser which will be placed at transmitter create `new' beam wave to propagate through turbulence more efficiently. This technique uses two transmitter and differential mode detection at the receiver. The result shows that at 622Mbps data bit rate the DDM technique can detect more weak signal approximately -15dBm and with assume fix propagation distance at 1km the power received can achieved -26dBm. As the result, DDM technique improved the efficiency power if compare to conventional technique that apply intensity modulation - direct detection of On Off Keying (IM-DD OOK).
{"title":"Efficiency power using a new dual diffuser modulation technique in free space optical communication","authors":"A. Rahman, S. Aljunid, M. Anuar, H. Fadhil","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015831","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focus on increase the efficiency power in free space optical communication by using new dual diffuser modulation (DDM) technique. Atmospheric turbulence effect which is considering on scintillation phenomenon is considered in this case study. Phase screen diffuser which will be placed at transmitter create `new' beam wave to propagate through turbulence more efficiently. This technique uses two transmitter and differential mode detection at the receiver. The result shows that at 622Mbps data bit rate the DDM technique can detect more weak signal approximately -15dBm and with assume fix propagation distance at 1km the power received can achieved -26dBm. As the result, DDM technique improved the efficiency power if compare to conventional technique that apply intensity modulation - direct detection of On Off Keying (IM-DD OOK).","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128076033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015766
S. Daud, R. B. Ahmad, Ong Bi Lynn, Zahereel Ishwar Abd Kareem, Latifah Munirah Kamarudin, P. Ehkan, M. N. M. Warip, R. R. Othman
Device power consumption is a serious design consideration especially for embedded systems. By reducing the power consumption of a particular system, we could effectively prolong the runtime of the system, allowing for longer operational condition of a particular system. Previous studies have suggested that the power characteristics of a modern embedded processor have since been improved with manufacturer's implementation of better energy-focused designs. Implementation of hardware optimization such as better clock and power gating have been shown to produce better energy usage during on-load and off-load processing. In this paper we benchmarked the energy use of a modern embedded processor and study the effects of idling time to the processor and system energy usage. We have found that the processor energy use is significantly reduced in the instant that the processor goes idle during the execution process. The idling time during a processing timeslice allows the processor to use significantly less energy without explicitly depending on a frequency scaling algorithm to reduce energy consumption. This power saving feature directly implemented inside the processor hardware have the possibility to render software based frequency scaling algorithm and DVFS method to be less effective in reducing energy usage.
{"title":"The effects of CPU load & idle state on embedded processor energy usage","authors":"S. Daud, R. B. Ahmad, Ong Bi Lynn, Zahereel Ishwar Abd Kareem, Latifah Munirah Kamarudin, P. Ehkan, M. N. M. Warip, R. R. Othman","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015766","url":null,"abstract":"Device power consumption is a serious design consideration especially for embedded systems. By reducing the power consumption of a particular system, we could effectively prolong the runtime of the system, allowing for longer operational condition of a particular system. Previous studies have suggested that the power characteristics of a modern embedded processor have since been improved with manufacturer's implementation of better energy-focused designs. Implementation of hardware optimization such as better clock and power gating have been shown to produce better energy usage during on-load and off-load processing. In this paper we benchmarked the energy use of a modern embedded processor and study the effects of idling time to the processor and system energy usage. We have found that the processor energy use is significantly reduced in the instant that the processor goes idle during the execution process. The idling time during a processing timeslice allows the processor to use significantly less energy without explicitly depending on a frequency scaling algorithm to reduce energy consumption. This power saving feature directly implemented inside the processor hardware have the possibility to render software based frequency scaling algorithm and DVFS method to be less effective in reducing energy usage.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124116329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015838
J. S. C. Turner, L. Kamarudin, D. Ndzi, A. Harun, A. Zakaria, A. Shakaff, A. R. M. Saad, S. M. Mamduh
This paper models the signal strength measurements at 2.4 GHz in indoor environment. The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement is used to investigate the wireless network coverage in a real office environment where obstacles such as furniture are present. From this experiment, a mapping is created to determine the suitable positions for a short range sensor nodes deployment for sensing humidity, temperature, human movement, etc. The purpose is to evaluate the suitable area for WSN deployments using RF signal and to minimize the number of sensor nodes required for data gathering and monitoring applications. The result shows that through adequate planning of WSN nodes, good radio coverage and efficient monitoring can be achieved for greener building.
{"title":"Modelling indoor propagation for WSN deployment in smart building","authors":"J. S. C. Turner, L. Kamarudin, D. Ndzi, A. Harun, A. Zakaria, A. Shakaff, A. R. M. Saad, S. M. Mamduh","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015838","url":null,"abstract":"This paper models the signal strength measurements at 2.4 GHz in indoor environment. The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement is used to investigate the wireless network coverage in a real office environment where obstacles such as furniture are present. From this experiment, a mapping is created to determine the suitable positions for a short range sensor nodes deployment for sensing humidity, temperature, human movement, etc. The purpose is to evaluate the suitable area for WSN deployments using RF signal and to minimize the number of sensor nodes required for data gathering and monitoring applications. The result shows that through adequate planning of WSN nodes, good radio coverage and efficient monitoring can be achieved for greener building.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131122591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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