Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2684
Tomasz Jałowiec, Katarzyna Pietrzyk-Wiszowaty
From the beginning of military activity, transport played a priority role in implementing military security tasks, guaranteeing the success of operations or wars. Over the years, significant changes in the implementation of tasks in transport and military movement can be observed, which took place in the technological, infrastructure, and management dimensions. Thanks to new discoveries and introduced modifications, the ability to implement military transport was increased in accordance with the dynamically changing needs of operational troops. The research problem has been specified in the following form: What factors impact the development of cargo transport capacity in the military sector? The material uses several research methods, the leading of which were: analysis and synthesis, querying the literature on the subject, abstraction, and inference. The diagnostic survey was conducted using an expert interview technique as an empirical method. The article identifies the factors most influencing the development of cargo capacity in the military sector, simultaneously pointing to the need to tighten the cooperation undertaken in this area between the civil and military circles. Particular attention was paid to factors that critically impact the development of transport capacity in the military sector. The obtained results made it possible to indicate that the development of the military cargo transport capability is a priority in the process of improving the military transport and movement subsystem. Particular attention should be paid to enhancing managerial abilities, which are a crucial element in ensuring appropriate conditions for the performance of tasks by the armed forces.
{"title":"Cargo transport management in the military sector","authors":"Tomasz Jałowiec, Katarzyna Pietrzyk-Wiszowaty","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2684","url":null,"abstract":"From the beginning of military activity, transport played a priority role in implementing military security tasks, guaranteeing the success of operations or wars. Over the years, significant changes in the implementation of tasks in transport and military movement can be observed, which took place in the technological, infrastructure, and management dimensions. Thanks to new discoveries and introduced modifications, the ability to implement military transport was increased in accordance with the dynamically changing needs of operational troops. The research problem has been specified in the following form: What factors impact the development of cargo transport capacity in the military sector? The material uses several research methods, the leading of which were: analysis and synthesis, querying the literature on the subject, abstraction, and inference. The diagnostic survey was conducted using an expert interview technique as an empirical method. The article identifies the factors most influencing the development of cargo capacity in the military sector, simultaneously pointing to the need to tighten the cooperation undertaken in this area between the civil and military circles. Particular attention was paid to factors that critically impact the development of transport capacity in the military sector. The obtained results made it possible to indicate that the development of the military cargo transport capability is a priority in the process of improving the military transport and movement subsystem. Particular attention should be paid to enhancing managerial abilities, which are a crucial element in ensuring appropriate conditions for the performance of tasks by the armed forces.","PeriodicalId":150174,"journal":{"name":"WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130838543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1338
M. Karpińska
Epidemics are one of the modern threats to civil aviation. In the first half of 2020, the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which causes COVID-19 disease) has thrown governments in many countries into a crisis of unprecedented proportions. The restrictions and limitations imposed on the movement of people, but also other effects of the outbreak, led to a significant decrease in air traffic and a crisis at airports. This paper contains an assessment of the impact of an epidemic emergency situation on airport operations, made from the point of view of international airports located in Poland. First of all, epidemic procedures at airports are briefly discussed based on the literature. Then, the author's diagram of the airport's operation processes was presented, and the critical and key processes were identified among them. In the next part of the paper, the identification of threats to the operations of the airport resulting from the epidemic threat was identified, based in particular on the Safety Information Bulletins issued by EASA in 2020 and the author's knowledge. These threats, through the BIA analysis, their impact on the previously indicated critical and key processes and on the safety and security level at the airport were determined. Conclusions resulting from the analysis, along with a proposal of directions for further activities in the scope of the discussed issues, were summarized at the end of the paper.
{"title":"Assessment of the impact of epidemic threats on airport processes","authors":"M. Karpińska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1338","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemics are one of the modern threats to civil aviation. In the first half of 2020, the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which causes COVID-19 disease) has thrown governments in many countries into a crisis of unprecedented proportions. The restrictions and limitations imposed on the movement of people, but also other effects of the outbreak, led to a significant decrease in air traffic and a crisis at airports. This paper contains an assessment of the impact of an epidemic emergency situation on airport operations, made from the point of view of international airports located in Poland. First of all, epidemic procedures at airports are briefly discussed based on the literature. Then, the author's diagram of the airport's operation processes was presented, and the critical and key processes were identified among them. In the next part of the paper, the identification of threats to the operations of the airport resulting from the epidemic threat was identified, based in particular on the Safety Information Bulletins issued by EASA in 2020 and the author's knowledge. These threats, through the BIA analysis, their impact on the previously indicated critical and key processes and on the safety and security level at the airport were determined. Conclusions resulting from the analysis, along with a proposal of directions for further activities in the scope of the discussed issues, were summarized at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":150174,"journal":{"name":"WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124623028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1344
M. Siergiejczyk, A. Rosiński, J. Paś, J. Łukasiak
Airports are classified as national critical infrastructure facilities mainly due to their strategic importance. Therefore, they require special protection for their functioning. These systems are not only influenced by factors related to the intensity of use but are also exposed to the influence of external and internal, natural and artificial electromagnetic disturbances. For the selected electronic security system (ESS) of the airport, a graph of relations in the system in terms of reliability and operation will be developed. Subsequently, it will enable mathematical analyses to obtain a system of equations describing the system. The obtained results of the reliability and operational analysis of the selected airport ESS, taking into account electromagnetic disturbances, made it possible to estimate the probabilities of the system being in the selected states. The introduction of the factor describing the level of the impact of electromagnetic disturbances on ESS allows for estimating the effectiveness of various solutions counteracting such interactions' effects. The presented reliability and operational analysis of the selected electronic security system used to protect the airport allowed us to estimate its most important reliability and operational parameters. The obtained dependencies make it possible to compare various electronic security systems solutions and select rational solutions for airport security.
{"title":"Assessment of the technical condition of the power supply of electronic airport security systems in the aspect of electromagnetic disturbances","authors":"M. Siergiejczyk, A. Rosiński, J. Paś, J. Łukasiak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1344","url":null,"abstract":"Airports are classified as national critical infrastructure facilities mainly due to their strategic importance. Therefore, they require special protection for their functioning. These systems are not only influenced by factors related to the intensity of use but are also exposed to the influence of external and internal, natural and artificial electromagnetic disturbances. For the selected electronic security system (ESS) of the airport, a graph of relations in the system in terms of reliability and operation will be developed. Subsequently, it will enable mathematical analyses to obtain a system of equations describing the system. The obtained results of the reliability and operational analysis of the selected airport ESS, taking into account electromagnetic disturbances, made it possible to estimate the probabilities of the system being in the selected states. The introduction of the factor describing the level of the impact of electromagnetic disturbances on ESS allows for estimating the effectiveness of various solutions counteracting such interactions' effects. The presented reliability and operational analysis of the selected electronic security system used to protect the airport allowed us to estimate its most important reliability and operational parameters. The obtained dependencies make it possible to compare various electronic security systems solutions and select rational solutions for airport security.","PeriodicalId":150174,"journal":{"name":"WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129567151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9713
A. Stelmach, Ignacy Góra, Michał Zięba
This article presents the safety management issue in rail transport in the context of the principles defined in the European Union regulations, i.e., the Common Safety Methods (CSM) dedicated to risk assessment. It describes regulations applicable to the process of risk assessment process including risk analysis and evaluation. The most important challenges related to the application of risk assessment methods are also presented in the article. The regulations of the European Union do not precisely define the way in which risk assessment should be carried out in an organisation. Furthermore, the legislation only requires a risk assessment process to be carried out following a change to the railway system if such a change is assessed as a 'significant change'. This aspect remains problematic in the railway system, due to the considerable discretion left to the railway companies in their approach to conducting assessments of the significance of a change and the low percentage of so-called “significant changes”. As shown by some railway accidents and reports of the State Commission for Investigation of Railway Accidents, omissions in the process of risk assessment and inconsistency of approach of various undertakings to analogous situations may lead to an uncontrolled increase in the level of risk in railway transport.
{"title":"Application of risk assessment methods in rail transport","authors":"A. Stelmach, Ignacy Góra, Michał Zięba","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9713","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the safety management issue in rail transport in the context of the principles defined in the European Union regulations, i.e., the Common Safety Methods (CSM) dedicated to risk assessment. It describes regulations applicable to the process of risk assessment process including risk analysis and evaluation. The most important challenges related to the application of risk assessment methods are also presented in the article. The regulations of the European Union do not precisely define the way in which risk assessment should be carried out in an organisation. Furthermore, the legislation only requires a risk assessment process to be carried out following a change to the railway system if such a change is assessed as a 'significant change'. This aspect remains problematic in the railway system, due to the considerable discretion left to the railway companies in their approach to conducting assessments of the significance of a change and the low percentage of so-called “significant changes”. As shown by some railway accidents and reports of the State Commission for Investigation of Railway Accidents, omissions in the process of risk assessment and inconsistency of approach of various undertakings to analogous situations may lead to an uncontrolled increase in the level of risk in railway transport.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":150174,"journal":{"name":"WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128177188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.0376
S. Semtchenkov, D. Kapsky, A. Czerepicki
Route passenger transport plays a significant role in cities' life and economic development, providing movement for the population, improving the environmental situation, and improving road safety. Improving the efficiency of route passenger transport is also essential because the taxpayers' tax subsidizes it. The most researched aspects have always been the choice of the passenger capacity of vehicles, management of their filling, and appointment of route intervals. This research aims to increase the efficiency of route passenger transport. This study identifies ways to improve the efficiency of route passenger transport by reducing costs arising from the imperfect allocation of drivers on routes, irrational use of vehicles working hours, and drivers working hours. Such costs are called unproductive costs. The solution to the problem of increasing efficiency is realized by developing the author's sectoral method described in the article. This article discusses the application of the sectoral method to improve the efficiency of route passenger transport based on the improvement of processes related to the organization of passenger transportation, taking into account the characteristics of various types of route passenger transport by organizing the work of drivers on routes. Methods, techniques, and algorithms and their application are considered. The use of the sectoral approach has made it possible to increase the efficiency of route passenger transport and reduce unproductive costs.
{"title":"Application of the sectoral method to improve the efficiency of route passenger transport","authors":"S. Semtchenkov, D. Kapsky, A. Czerepicki","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.0376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0376","url":null,"abstract":"Route passenger transport plays a significant role in cities' life and economic development, providing movement for the population, improving the environmental situation, and improving road safety. Improving the efficiency of route passenger transport is also essential because the taxpayers' tax subsidizes it. The most researched aspects have always been the choice of the passenger capacity of vehicles, management of their filling, and appointment of route intervals. This research aims to increase the efficiency of route passenger transport. This study identifies ways to improve the efficiency of route passenger transport by reducing costs arising from the imperfect allocation of drivers on routes, irrational use of vehicles working hours, and drivers working hours. Such costs are called unproductive costs. The solution to the problem of increasing efficiency is realized by developing the author's sectoral method described in the article. This article discusses the application of the sectoral method to improve the efficiency of route passenger transport based on the improvement of processes related to the organization of passenger transportation, taking into account the characteristics of various types of route passenger transport by organizing the work of drivers on routes. Methods, techniques, and algorithms and their application are considered. The use of the sectoral approach has made it possible to increase the efficiency of route passenger transport and reduce unproductive costs.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":150174,"journal":{"name":"WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125077183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.3272
P. Gołębiowski
Every activity, including within the railway system, is subject to risk, i.e., the possibility of uncertain phenomena that may affect it (both positively and negatively). One of the operational subsystems of the Union Railway System is railway traffic. It consists of four processes - the second is traffic planning. This process is also subject to risk. As it directly relates to traffic safety, conducting research and analyzing the risks involved makes sense. This article aims to develop the assumptions for a risk assessment method in railway traffic planning. This method, once created, will be used to carry out a risk assessment of the indicated process from two points of view: the railway undertaking and the infrastructure manager. As a result of the considerations, it was assumed that risk identification would be performed using the risk description principle from the M_o_R methodology. The risk estimation will be adapted to use a probabilistic risk assessment model. This assessment will be performed using the Monte Carlo simulation method, which is strongly recommended for use by the Office of Railway Transport (the national railway safety body).
{"title":"Risk assessment in railway traffic planning - assumptions for the method","authors":"P. Gołębiowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.3272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3272","url":null,"abstract":"Every activity, including within the railway system, is subject to risk, i.e., the possibility of uncertain phenomena that may affect it (both positively and negatively). One of the operational subsystems of the Union Railway System is railway traffic. It consists of four processes - the second is traffic planning. This process is also subject to risk. As it directly relates to traffic safety, conducting research and analyzing the risks involved makes sense. This article aims to develop the assumptions for a risk assessment method in railway traffic planning. This method, once created, will be used to carry out a risk assessment of the indicated process from two points of view: the railway undertaking and the infrastructure manager. As a result of the considerations, it was assumed that risk identification would be performed using the risk description principle from the M_o_R methodology. The risk estimation will be adapted to use a probabilistic risk assessment model. This assessment will be performed using the Monte Carlo simulation method, which is strongly recommended for use by the Office of Railway Transport (the national railway safety body).","PeriodicalId":150174,"journal":{"name":"WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126437549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1337
A. Fellner, Maciej Zawistowski
The analysis of the literature shows that numerous factors, such as Climate change, more and more frequent and long-lasting droughts, and the growing trend of using forests for recreational purposes, cause a constant increase in the risk of forest fires. Poland, despite having numerous and vast forest areas in the form of national or landscape parks, is classified as having an average risk of fire compared to other European countries. Currently, our country is characterized by the emergence of a large number of forest fires within a small area. In 2019, there were almost 9,200 such events, which put Poland in third place in Europe (behind Spain and Portugal). It should be noted, however, that large-scale forest fires with an area of several hundred hectares have occurred and are still a threat in Poland. Therefore, it has been proposed to use a proactive method to limit or compensate for the effects of hazards caused by large-scale fires, which are of key safety, environmental and economic importance. In the article, the authors focused on the presentation of the currently used solutions and compensation for the effects of these threats and presented possible prospective solutions based on the conducted and planned scientific research on monitoring large-scale fires and the possibility of forecasting them during operational activities, based on unmanned systems and techniques and satellite technologies.
{"title":"Wildfires in terms of unmanned systems. Current methods and solution review","authors":"A. Fellner, Maciej Zawistowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1337","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the literature shows that numerous factors, such as Climate change, more and more frequent and long-lasting droughts, and the growing trend of using forests for recreational purposes, cause a constant increase in the risk of forest fires. Poland, despite having numerous and vast forest areas in the form of national or landscape parks, is classified as having an average risk of fire compared to other European countries. Currently, our country is characterized by the emergence of a large number of forest fires within a small area. In 2019, there were almost 9,200 such events, which put Poland in third place in Europe (behind Spain and Portugal). It should be noted, however, that large-scale forest fires with an area of several hundred hectares have occurred and are still a threat in Poland. Therefore, it has been proposed to use a proactive method to limit or compensate for the effects of hazards caused by large-scale fires, which are of key safety, environmental and economic importance. In the article, the authors focused on the presentation of the currently used solutions and compensation for the effects of these threats and presented possible prospective solutions based on the conducted and planned scientific research on monitoring large-scale fires and the possibility of forecasting them during operational activities, based on unmanned systems and techniques and satellite technologies.","PeriodicalId":150174,"journal":{"name":"WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121955437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1352
M. Grzelak, Grzegorz Wiejak, A. Świderski
One of the biggest challenges of the 21st century is ecological responsibility. It also concerns the sustainable development of transport and the reduction of threats related to the negative impact of this phenomenon on the environment. A constant increase in transport congestion, atmospheric air pollution, and noise promotes the search for new solutions, especially in urban areas. One of the systematically implemented and improved ideas in this area is the development of urban transport systems. Their effectiveness and efficiency are evidenced by the level of meeting the transport needs of residents, with the optimal utilization of vehicles. The article analyses urban transport in Warsaw, focusing only on trams as the second most popular means of transport after wheeled vehicles. Two objectives of the study were adopted. The first was evaluating the current state and characteristics of the available options and indicating potential development directions, considering factors that determine it. The second goal was to select the appropriate model describing the number of vehicle kilometers accumulated by Warsaw trams in the years 2017-2019 and parametric identification of this model. The study allowed us to estimate and make a short-term forecast of transport services carried out by trams. The research has shown that the current situation regarding the performance of transport work by trams in Warsaw does not fit into the paradigm of sustainable transport development. This is due to the loss of vehicles from the records in the absence of new vehicle purchases. Additionally, the developed tool indicates a decrease in the number of vehicles-km performed in the following months and, thus, a reduction in the share of trams in transport in the Warsaw communication system. The identified problem (i.e., a downward trend in transport performance) is essential from the point of view of the quality of the system's operation and the ability to meet passengers' expectations. It also informs decision-makers about the need to implement changes leading to an increase in the share of tram transport, mainly in capacity and operating costs.
{"title":"Forecasting the number of vehicle kilometers by applying the autoregression model, using Warsaw trams as an example","authors":"M. Grzelak, Grzegorz Wiejak, A. Świderski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1352","url":null,"abstract":"One of the biggest challenges of the 21st century is ecological responsibility. It also concerns the sustainable development of transport and the reduction of threats related to the negative impact of this phenomenon on the environment. A constant increase in transport congestion, atmospheric air pollution, and noise promotes the search for new solutions, especially in urban areas. One of the systematically implemented and improved ideas in this area is the development of urban transport systems. Their effectiveness and efficiency are evidenced by the level of meeting the transport needs of residents, with the optimal utilization of vehicles. The article analyses urban transport in Warsaw, focusing only on trams as the second most popular means of transport after wheeled vehicles. Two objectives of the study were adopted. The first was evaluating the current state and characteristics of the available options and indicating potential development directions, considering factors that determine it. The second goal was to select the appropriate model describing the number of vehicle kilometers accumulated by Warsaw trams in the years 2017-2019 and parametric identification of this model. The study allowed us to estimate and make a short-term forecast of transport services carried out by trams. The research has shown that the current situation regarding the performance of transport work by trams in Warsaw does not fit into the paradigm of sustainable transport development. This is due to the loss of vehicles from the records in the absence of new vehicle purchases. Additionally, the developed tool indicates a decrease in the number of vehicles-km performed in the following months and, thus, a reduction in the share of trams in transport in the Warsaw communication system. The identified problem (i.e., a downward trend in transport performance) is essential from the point of view of the quality of the system's operation and the ability to meet passengers' expectations. It also informs decision-makers about the need to implement changes leading to an increase in the share of tram transport, mainly in capacity and operating costs.","PeriodicalId":150174,"journal":{"name":"WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131258273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1443
Anna Kobaszyńska-Twardowska, Monika Wantuła, Artur Kinowski
The efficient functioning of the air transport system depends on many external factors, such as weather, economic crises, and epidemiological threats. Air operations performed in 2020-2021 at FIR Warszawa were analyzed and compared to 2019. A significant decrease in take-offs and landings was shown. The stability of the transport offer is one of the pillars of the high demand for transport services. Therefore, the legal regulations introduced at that time have been analyzed. Then their impact on the demand and the supply in the aviation market has been assessed. The destructive influence of the activities undertaken in this period on aviation has been demonstrated. Inductive inference on FIR Warszawa data has been carried out. The conclusions have been drawn. Statistics of domestic and international take-offs and landings for regular and non-scheduled flights in Poland in 2019-2021 have been presented. Statistical methods were used to achieve the goal. The analysis of legal acts, regulations, and documents introduced for regulating air operations in the analyzed years, as well as deductive and inductive reasoning, let to indicate and question the legitimacy of the actions taken in this area at that time. The conclusions confirm the thesis by Willie Walsh, former president of the International Airlines Group (IAG), that uncoordinated transport restrictions implemented separately by European countries have created uncertainty in potential passengers and led to losses and deficiencies in bookings in the aviation industry.
{"title":"Impact of external factors on demand and supply in air transport in 2020-2021","authors":"Anna Kobaszyńska-Twardowska, Monika Wantuła, Artur Kinowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1443","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient functioning of the air transport system depends on many external factors, such as weather, economic crises, and epidemiological threats. Air operations performed in 2020-2021 at FIR Warszawa were analyzed and compared to 2019. A significant decrease in take-offs and landings was shown. The stability of the transport offer is one of the pillars of the high demand for transport services. Therefore, the legal regulations introduced at that time have been analyzed. Then their impact on the demand and the supply in the aviation market has been assessed. The destructive influence of the activities undertaken in this period on aviation has been demonstrated. Inductive inference on FIR Warszawa data has been carried out. The conclusions have been drawn. Statistics of domestic and international take-offs and landings for regular and non-scheduled flights in Poland in 2019-2021 have been presented. Statistical methods were used to achieve the goal. The analysis of legal acts, regulations, and documents introduced for regulating air operations in the analyzed years, as well as deductive and inductive reasoning, let to indicate and question the legitimacy of the actions taken in this area at that time. The conclusions confirm the thesis by Willie Walsh, former president of the International Airlines Group (IAG), that uncoordinated transport restrictions implemented separately by European countries have created uncertainty in potential passengers and led to losses and deficiencies in bookings in the aviation industry.","PeriodicalId":150174,"journal":{"name":"WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117179438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.0372
Bashar Al-Janabi, A. Kwasiborska
Sustainable urban transport refers to activities for people's mobility that advance economic and social development for current needs by providing efficient, accessible, safe, and affordable transportation with low carbon emissions and less environmental impact. The paper presents an overview of the sustainable urban transport concept, representing the dimensions of sustainable urban transport. The article includes a case study for developing urban transport in Baghdad to evaluate public transport and elaborate on possible solutions for implementing sustainable urban transport. The assessment process was conducted according to the Sustainable Urban Transport Index developed by UN ESCAP. The analysis and design process was completed with the assistance of the PTV-Visum application. The application helped to estimate the demand for public and private vehicles for both scenarios of current public transport and suggested solutions. Both results from the sustainable urban transport index and PTV-Visum have helped to summarize the possible solutions for sustainable urban transport in Iraq.
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