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2000 10th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference. Information Technology and Electrotechnology for the Mediterranean Countries. Proceedings. MeleCon 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37099)最新文献

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Hardware implementation of multimedia driven HFC MAC protocol 硬件实现多媒体驱动的HFC MAC协议
H. Leligou, J. Sifnaios, G. Pikrammenos
Tree-shaped topologies present attractive cost advantages for broadband access networks by allowing many customers to share the expensive head-end equipment and the feeder section and provide a graceful upgrade path towards the photoionization of the local loop. In addition they offer reuse of the copper last drops to the customer at least during the crucial introductory phase and probably for many years to come. Typical examples are hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) and passive optical network (PON) systems. The TDMA multiplexing of traffic entering such a system is governed by the MAC protocol, which arbitrates the allocation of bandwidth to the shared feeder. At the same time the need to integrate telecom services presenting different quality requirements with plain best effort services over the same infrastructure brings new issues to the design of such an access mechanism. The MAC protocol as the only arbiter of the upstream bandwidth directly affects the QoS provided to each upstream traffic flow and must meet several constraints. Such constraints include the adequate speed of operation exploiting in the highest degree the speed of H/W implementation, flexibility to support efficiently the largest number of services and applications offering an adequate number of QoS classes and independence of higher layers, protocols and future extensions to traffic management specifications. The implementation of a MAC protocol targeting these goals in the framework of the AROMA research system is presented in this paper. We discuss the details and the implementation cost of the solutions followed and we evaluate the implemented mechanisms using computer simulation.
树形拓扑通过允许许多客户共享昂贵的前端设备和馈线部分,为宽带接入网提供了诱人的成本优势,并为本地环路的光电离提供了优雅的升级路径。此外,他们至少在关键的入门阶段,可能在未来的许多年里,向客户提供铜最后滴的再利用。典型的例子是混合光纤同轴(HFC)和无源光网络(PON)系统。进入这样一个系统的流量的TDMA多路复用是由MAC协议控制的,该协议仲裁带宽分配给共享馈线。同时,由于需要在同一基础设施上集成具有不同质量要求的电信业务和简单的尽力而为服务,这给这种访问机制的设计带来了新的问题。MAC协议作为上行带宽的唯一仲裁者,直接影响到为每个上行流量提供的QoS,并且必须满足几个约束条件。这些限制包括足够的操作速度,在最大程度上利用H/W实现的速度,灵活地支持最大量的服务和应用程序,提供足够数量的QoS类和更高层次的独立性,协议和流量管理规范的未来扩展。本文提出了在AROMA研究系统框架下针对这些目标的MAC协议的实现。我们讨论了解决方案的细节和实现成本,并使用计算机模拟评估了实现的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Gray level thresholding using the Havrda and Charvat entropy 灰度阈值使用Havrda和Charvat熵
N. Pavesic, S. Ribaric
Investigating the Kapur et al. (1985) image thresholding method, we found, that taking the sum of the Havrda and Charvat entropies as a criterion for threshold selection instead of the Shannon entropies, can result in a better image segmentation in the sense of greater uniformity of the partitioned segments, as well as greater contrast among segments.
通过对Kapur等人(1985)图像阈值分割方法的研究,我们发现,采用Havrda和Charvat熵的总和作为阈值选择的标准,而不是Shannon熵作为阈值选择的标准,可以获得更好的图像分割效果,即分割后的片段更加均匀,片段之间的对比度也更大。
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引用次数: 27
Coefficients' computation for Jot's reverberation algorithm Jot混响算法的系数计算
Adrian Gogu, Marina Topa
This paper presents the coefficients' computation method for implementing a digital reverberator based on the algorithm proposed by Jean-Marc Jot (1997). Applying the source image method the impulse response of a certain room can be derived, which approximates, especially for low frequency, the early reflections part of the natural impulse response. Considering the taps resulted from the mentioned method, a solution for Jot's reverberator design is offered, generating the early reflections and the desired shape for the late reverberation part. The method uses some approximations, which do not affect significantly the perception of the reverberated sound.
本文提出了基于Jean-Marc Jot(1997)算法实现数字混响器的系数计算方法。应用源像法可以得到某一房间的脉冲响应,它近似于自然脉冲响应的早期反射部分,特别是在低频情况下。考虑到上述方法产生的抽射,提出了一种针对Jot混响器设计的解决方案,产生早期反射和期望的后期混响部分形状。该方法使用了一些近似,对混响声的感知没有明显影响。
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引用次数: 3
Variable speed motor drive testing and parameter identification using pseudorandom binary sequences 伪随机二值序列的变速电机驱动测试及参数辨识
R. A. Guinee
Normal and inverse repeat pseudorandom binary sequences (PRBS) are very effective as persistent excitation stimuli in dynamic testing and parameter extraction in motor drive systems. In general a simple linear time invariant (LTI) second order transfer function model can he deployed in conjunction with PRBS correlation methods for adjustable speed drive (ASD) parameter identification. Very accurate parameter extraction from correlation based impulse response evaluation is achieved using data training records from pseudonoise (pN) testing, in both the online and off-line mode of operation of a PWM controlled variable speed DC motor drive system. The alternative approach of motor parameter extraction from spectral analysis, based on sinusoidal test signals, is used for comparison purposes as a secondary check on the effectiveness and accuracy of the PBBS method and to validate the LTI model used.
正重复和逆重复伪随机二值序列(PRBS)是电机驱动系统动态测试和参数提取中非常有效的持久激励刺激。一般来说,一个简单的线性时不变(LTI)二阶传递函数模型可以与PRBS相关方法相结合,用于调速传动(ASD)参数辨识。利用伪噪声(pN)测试的数据训练记录,在PWM控制的变速直流电机驱动系统的在线和离线运行模式下,从基于相关的脉冲响应评估中获得非常准确的参数提取。基于正弦测试信号的从频谱分析中提取电机参数的替代方法用于比较目的,作为对PBBS方法的有效性和准确性的二次检查,并验证所使用的LTI模型。
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引用次数: 10
Spectral overlay of spread spectrum broadcasting system for digital video delivery on analog TV band: a preliminary estimate 模拟电视频带数字视频传输扩频广播系统的频谱叠加:初步估计
D. Dres, P. Constantinou, A. Kastereli
The paper examines the conditions under which analog television and a spread spectrum system can share spectrum. After a preliminary assessment and a limited number of laboratory measurements which support the conclusions of the paper, the paper concludes that the interference caused by a constant amplitude spread spectrum system should be comparable to that caused by a conventional, narrowband FM signal of same total power, provided the spread spectrum signal has an RF bandwidth less than 2 MHz. With spectrum spreads greater than 8 MHz the spread spectrum system should have some advantage. Furthermore, in order to examine the interference caused by the TV signal in the spread spectrum system a simple mathematical equation representing the power spectrum of the TV signal is derived, and a general formulation of the bit error rate of a conventional BPSK/QPSK spread spectrum system is represented.
本文探讨了模拟电视与扩频系统共享频谱的条件。在初步评估和有限数量的实验室测量支持本文的结论后,本文得出结论,恒定振幅扩频系统引起的干扰应该与相同总功率的传统窄带调频信号引起的干扰相当,前提是扩频信号的RF带宽小于2mhz。当频谱扩展大于8mhz时,扩频系统应该具有一定的优势。此外,为了研究电视信号对扩频系统的干扰,推导了一个表示电视信号功率谱的简单数学方程,并给出了传统BPSK/QPSK扩频系统误码率的一般公式。
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引用次数: 1
Broadband services delivery over an ATM PON FTTx system 通过ATM PON FTTx系统提供宽带服务
C. Pantjiaros, C. Combes, R. van Wolfswinkel, P. McDonagh, K.I. Sletta, S. Panis, N. Charalambous
The specification of a cost-effective full services access network (FSAN) has been the target and ambition of telecommunications operators. With such fully managed architecture the telecommunications operator can be sure of providing the variety of narrowband and broadband services including digital broadcast services, video on demand, IP services and traditional telecommunication services including POTs, ISDN, ATM and circuit emulation. In 1999, EURESCOM has launched the BOBAN project which considers the evaluation and testing of new broadband access technologies in a field, or lab trial environment. A primary consideration is the evaluation of FSAN-like systems and the interconnection to service platforms for the provisioning of symmetric and asymmetric broadband services, including point-to-point and point-to-multipoint broadcast services. More specifically, the scope of part of this program is to evaluate, in the field or laboratory, FTTCab/B/H solutions with connections to service platforms. The document presents a description of this on-going project.
具有成本效益的全业务接入网(FSAN)规范一直是电信运营商的目标和抱负。有了这种完全管理的架构,电信运营商可以确保提供各种窄带和宽带业务,包括数字广播业务、视频点播、IP业务和传统电信业务,包括POTs、ISDN、ATM和电路仿真。1999年,EURESCOM启动了BOBAN项目,该项目考虑在现场或实验室试验环境中评估和测试新的宽带接入技术。主要考虑的是评估类似fsan的系统和服务平台的互连,以提供对称和非对称宽带服务,包括点对点和点对多点广播服务。更具体地说,该项目的部分范围是在现场或实验室评估连接到服务平台的FTTCab/B/H解决方案。该文档描述了这个正在进行的项目。
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引用次数: 2
A neural network sidelobe suppression filter for a pulse-compression radar with powers-of-two weights 一种用于二权幂脉冲压缩雷达的神经网络旁瓣抑制滤波器
Y. Grishin, A. Zankiewicz
A new compression filter for binary coded wideband digital signals with sidelobe reduction capabilities using a feedforward time-delay neural network is considered. This filter uses powers-of-two synaptic weights and the backpropagation learning algorithm. Using digital hardware implementation of such a filter for pulse compression is easier owing to elimination of multipliers. The simulation results showed that the time sidelobes of the output signal can be reduced up to about 60 dB. The quantization of the filter weights causes additional losses of about 6-14 dB depending on the input signal to noise ratio.
提出了一种基于前馈时滞神经网络的具有旁瓣抑制能力的二值编码宽带数字信号压缩滤波器。该滤波器使用2次幂突触权重和反向传播学习算法。由于消除了乘法器,使用数字硬件实现这种脉冲压缩滤波器更容易。仿真结果表明,输出信号的时间副瓣可以降低到60 dB左右。根据输入信噪比的不同,滤波器权重的量化会造成约6-14 dB的额外损失。
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引用次数: 2
PTAT sensors based on SJFETs 基于sjfet的PTAT传感器
S. Amon, D. Vrtacnik, D. Rsnik, D. Križaj, U. Aljancic, M. Mozek
A new PTAT temperature sensor is studied. Sensor structure is based on the recently introduced SJFET approach, enabling device isolation/integration on the same chip and being compatible with micromachining. The approach is based on the well-established discrete silicon device bipolar technology. Test PTAT structures were designed, fabricated and characterized. Measurements on fabricated test PTAT structures revealed good sensitivity, stability and linearity of sensor response.
研究了一种新型PTAT温度传感器。传感器结构基于最近推出的SJFET方法,在同一芯片上实现器件隔离/集成,并与微加工兼容。该方法基于成熟的离散硅器件双极技术。测试PTAT结构进行了设计、制作和表征。对制备的PTAT测试结构的测量表明,该传感器具有良好的灵敏度、稳定性和线性度。
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引用次数: 0
High impedance arcing fault detector for three-wire power distribution networks 三线制配电网高阻抗电弧故障检测器
A. Lazkano, J. Ruiz, L. Leturiondo, E. Aramendi
A new approach to a high impedance fault (HIF) detector is presented, suitable for the European scene where the power distribution systems are usually three-phase and three-wire configured. This paper aims to be a contribution to the proposals that, in the last twenty years, have been trying to solve the HIF problem with no definitive solution known yet. The purpose of the study presented is to design an electric arc detector and characterise the danger of the fault looking at fault context conditions. The detector system input signals are the three individual phase currents which comply with 3I/sub 0/=I/sub 1/+I/sub 2/+I/sub 3//spl ne/0 at the three-wire configuration. First, a continuous HIF context conditions study is proposed: overcurrent or reclosing in every phase, noticeable load variation monitoring and 3I/sub 0/ monitoring. Secondly, a short, medium and long-term statistical analysis is performed both with odd harmonics (third, fifth, seventh and ninth) and even harmonics (second and fourth) of the I/sub 0/ current. Thirdly, the estimated arc probability is calculated and combined with context conditions in order to determine a diagnosis. The proposed detector has been tested on 100 unfaulted condition event records (some have leakage current) and 32 staged fault records on different surfaces. The test results presented in the paper are satisfactory both in the sense of dependability and sensitivity.
提出了一种适用于欧洲配电系统通常采用三相三线制的高阻抗故障检测器的新方法。在过去的二十年里,人们一直在试图解决HIF问题,但目前还没有明确的解决方案,本文旨在为这些建议做出贡献。本研究的目的是设计一个电弧探测器,并根据故障环境条件来表征故障的危险。检测器系统输入信号是三个独立的相电流,在三线制配置下符合3I/sub 0/=I/sub 1/+I/sub 2/+I/sub 3//spl ne/0。首先,提出了一个连续的HIF环境条件研究:每个相位的过流或重合闸,明显的负载变化监测和3I/sub 0/监测。其次,对I/sub 0/电流的奇次谐波(三次、五次、七次和九次)和偶次谐波(二次和四次)进行了短期、中期和长期统计分析。第三,计算估计的弧概率,并结合上下文条件确定诊断。该检测器已在100条无故障状态事件记录(部分有漏电流)和32条不同表面的分段故障记录上进行了测试。本文给出的测试结果在可靠性和灵敏度上都令人满意。
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引用次数: 20
FPGA implementation of an ATM traffic classifier for quality of service management 一种用于业务质量管理的ATM流量分类器的FPGA实现
S. Holgado, S. López-Buedo, A. Pearmain
One of the main problems in modern broadband networks is the variation of quality of service (QoS) that can occur. A very common technology used for broadband networks is ATM (asynchronous transfer mode). ATM can offer QoS guarantees for a number of different traffic classes. In an ATM switch it is possible to discard low-priority cells when the buffer is full. This can be done using logic implemented on a FPGA (field programmable gate array) chip, used because of its flexibility and easy re-configuration. This paper presents the FPGA implementation of an ATM cell priority classifier, which can be used in QoS management. The circuit directly receives a 155 Mbps ATM serial stream from a physical medium device, and performs cell delineation, serial to parallel conversion and classification according to the cell loss priority (CLP) bit. It has been implemented on a Xilinx Virtex XCV50PQ240-6 FPGA occupying 8252 equivalent gates. Simulation results show that the circuit can directly process a 155 Mbps ATM stream.
现代宽带网络的主要问题之一是可能出现的服务质量(QoS)变化。用于宽带网络的一种非常常见的技术是ATM(异步传输模式)。ATM可以为许多不同的流量类别提供QoS保证。在ATM交换机中,当缓冲区已满时,可以丢弃低优先级的单元。这可以使用FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)芯片上实现的逻辑来完成,因为它的灵活性和易于重新配置。提出了一种可用于QoS管理的ATM小区优先级分类器的FPGA实现方法。该电路直接接收来自物理介质设备的155 Mbps ATM串行流,并根据单元丢失优先级(CLP)位进行单元划分、串行到并行转换和分类。它已在Xilinx Virtex XCV50PQ240-6 FPGA上实现,占用8252个等效门。仿真结果表明,该电路可以直接处理155mbps的ATM流。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2000 10th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference. Information Technology and Electrotechnology for the Mediterranean Countries. Proceedings. MeleCon 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37099)
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