Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.1
Konrad Staudt, F. Saxe, H. Schmied, Raphael Soeur, W. Böhme, W. Baumgartner
The Sandfish (Scincidae: Scincus Scincus) Is a Lizard Capable of Moving through Desert Sand in a Swimming-Like Fashion. the Epidermis of this Lizard Shows a High Resistance against Abrasion Together with a Low Friction to Sand as an Adaption to a Subterranean Life below the Desert’s Surface, Outperforming even Steel. the Low Friction Is Mainly Caused by Chemical Composition of the Scales, which Consist of Glycosylated β-Keratins. in this Study, the Friction, the Micro-Structure, the Glycosylation of the β-Keratin Proteins and β-Keratin Coding DNA of the Sandfish in Comparison to other Reptilian Species Was Investigated, Mainly with the Closely Related Berber Skink (Scincidae: Eumeces Schneideri) and another Sand Swimming Species, the Not Closer Related Shovel-Snouted Lizard (Lacertidae: Meroles Anchietae). Glycosylated β-Keratins of the Sandfish, Visualized with Different Lectins Resulted in O-Linked Glycans through PNA Employed as Carbohydrate Marker. Furthermore, the Glycosylation of β-Keratins in Various Squamatean Species Was Investigated and All Species Tested Were Found Positive; however, it Seems Like both Sand Swimming Species Examined Have a much Stronger Glycosylation of their β-Keratins. in Order to Prove this Finding through a Genetic Foundation, DNA of a β-Keratin Coding Gene of the Sandfish Was Sequenced and Compared with a Homologue Gene of Eumeces Schneideri. by Comparison of the Protein Sequence, a Higher Abundance of O-Glycosylation Sites Was Found in the Sandfish (enabled through the Amino Acids Serine and Threonine), Giving Molecular Support for a Higher Glycosylation of the β-Keratins in this Species.
{"title":"Comparative Investigations of the Sandfish’s β-Keratin (Reptilia: Scincidae: Scincus scincus). Part 1: Surface and Molecular Examinations","authors":"Konrad Staudt, F. Saxe, H. Schmied, Raphael Soeur, W. Böhme, W. Baumgartner","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Sandfish (Scincidae: Scincus Scincus) Is a Lizard Capable of Moving through Desert Sand in a Swimming-Like Fashion. the Epidermis of this Lizard Shows a High Resistance against Abrasion Together with a Low Friction to Sand as an Adaption to a Subterranean Life below the Desert’s Surface, Outperforming even Steel. the Low Friction Is Mainly Caused by Chemical Composition of the Scales, which Consist of Glycosylated β-Keratins. in this Study, the Friction, the Micro-Structure, the Glycosylation of the β-Keratin Proteins and β-Keratin Coding DNA of the Sandfish in Comparison to other Reptilian Species Was Investigated, Mainly with the Closely Related Berber Skink (Scincidae: Eumeces Schneideri) and another Sand Swimming Species, the Not Closer Related Shovel-Snouted Lizard (Lacertidae: Meroles Anchietae). Glycosylated β-Keratins of the Sandfish, Visualized with Different Lectins Resulted in O-Linked Glycans through PNA Employed as Carbohydrate Marker. Furthermore, the Glycosylation of β-Keratins in Various Squamatean Species Was Investigated and All Species Tested Were Found Positive; however, it Seems Like both Sand Swimming Species Examined Have a much Stronger Glycosylation of their β-Keratins. in Order to Prove this Finding through a Genetic Foundation, DNA of a β-Keratin Coding Gene of the Sandfish Was Sequenced and Compared with a Homologue Gene of Eumeces Schneideri. by Comparison of the Protein Sequence, a Higher Abundance of O-Glycosylation Sites Was Found in the Sandfish (enabled through the Amino Acids Serine and Threonine), Giving Molecular Support for a Higher Glycosylation of the β-Keratins in this Species.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82674435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.63
M. Hosseini, I. Amjadi, N. Haghighipour
Articular Cartilage Defects Are a Recent Critical Orthopaedic Issue. Hydrogels Have Been Widely Used in Soft Tissue Engineering Scaffolds as their Structures Are Similar to the Macromolecular-Based Components in the Human Body. Hydrogels Including those Based on Poly(vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) and Chitosan Are of Considerable Interest for Utilization in the Field of Tissue Engineering because of their Appropriate Biocompatibility. PVA Gels Can Be Formed by Chemical or Physical Crosslinking. the “freezing-Thawing” (FT) Process Is the Most Mild, Facile and Effective Method to Produce Physically Crosslinked PVA Gel, because it Does Not Require the Presence of the Crosslinking Agent that May Cause Toxicity. in this Study Hydrogels Based on PVA and Chitosan in Different Blend Ratios Were Prepared, and the Effect of the Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Glutaraldehyde on the Hydrogel Properties Was Investigated. the Results Showed that Freeze-Thaw Cycles Increased the Tensile Strength and the Samples’ Resistance to Degradation. the Biocompatibility of the Hydrogels Was Analysed Using Chondrocyte Cells Separated from Distal Femur of Men. Cell Toxicity Assay Performed for Measurement of Cell Viability of the Samples Indicated Biocompatibility.
{"title":"Preparation of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan-Blended Hydrogels: Properties, In Vitro Studies and Kinetic Evaluation","authors":"M. Hosseini, I. Amjadi, N. Haghighipour","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.15.63","url":null,"abstract":"Articular Cartilage Defects Are a Recent Critical Orthopaedic Issue. Hydrogels Have Been Widely Used in Soft Tissue Engineering Scaffolds as their Structures Are Similar to the Macromolecular-Based Components in the Human Body. Hydrogels Including those Based on Poly(vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) and Chitosan Are of Considerable Interest for Utilization in the Field of Tissue Engineering because of their Appropriate Biocompatibility. PVA Gels Can Be Formed by Chemical or Physical Crosslinking. the “freezing-Thawing” (FT) Process Is the Most Mild, Facile and Effective Method to Produce Physically Crosslinked PVA Gel, because it Does Not Require the Presence of the Crosslinking Agent that May Cause Toxicity. in this Study Hydrogels Based on PVA and Chitosan in Different Blend Ratios Were Prepared, and the Effect of the Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Glutaraldehyde on the Hydrogel Properties Was Investigated. the Results Showed that Freeze-Thaw Cycles Increased the Tensile Strength and the Samples’ Resistance to Degradation. the Biocompatibility of the Hydrogels Was Analysed Using Chondrocyte Cells Separated from Distal Femur of Men. Cell Toxicity Assay Performed for Measurement of Cell Viability of the Samples Indicated Biocompatibility.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":"63 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77405245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-26DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.93
N. Ehsani, A. Ruys, C. Sorrell
PSZ (ZrO2 Fiber)-reinforced HAp was sintered using conventional and microwave hybrid heating. Microwave heating cycles were ~50 times faster than conventional sintering cycles and enabled the use of reduced densification temperatures and soak times by as much as ~100°C and 55 min, respectively. However, although there was a significant improvement in densification levels attainable before decomposition, the improvements were insufficient to produce near-fully or fully dense samples. However, the promising gains made suggest that microwave hot pressing would be a suitable area for future work. Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, microwave sintering, fibre-reinforced ceramics, bioceramics, zirconia fibre
{"title":"Microwave Sintering of ZrO2 Fiber-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Matrix Composites","authors":"N. Ehsani, A. Ruys, C. Sorrell","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.93","url":null,"abstract":"PSZ (ZrO2 Fiber)-reinforced HAp was sintered using conventional and microwave hybrid heating. Microwave heating cycles were ~50 times faster than conventional sintering cycles and enabled the use of reduced densification temperatures and soak times by as much as ~100°C and 55 min, respectively. However, although there was a significant improvement in densification levels attainable before decomposition, the improvements were insufficient to produce near-fully or fully dense samples. However, the promising gains made suggest that microwave hot pressing would be a suitable area for future work. Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, microwave sintering, fibre-reinforced ceramics, bioceramics, zirconia fibre","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"107 1","pages":"106 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83198442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-02DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.75
Mohd Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib, Nur Hazreen Mohd Hasni, K. Osman, O. Maskon
Problems that occur in the mitral valve are now worrying an increasing number of patients each day. In the mitral valve, regional variations in structure and material properties combine to affect the biomechanics of the entire valve. Previous studies have shown that the mitral valve leaflet tissue is highly extensible. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the rigidity of mitral valves leaflet and backflow problems. Two stages of mitral valves analysis systolic and diastolic condition and also with and without ventricle were investigated. 2D models of the mitral valve leaflet (MVL) were created in ADINA-FSI for computational fluid dynamic analysis. The results show a linear relationship between rigidity of the mitral valves leaflet and volume of backflow. In conclusion, these computational techniques are very useful in the study of both mitral valve leaflet disease and failure of prostheses.
{"title":"Analysis on Rigidity of Mitral Valve Leaflet (MVL) and Backflow Problems during Cardiac Cycle","authors":"Mohd Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib, Nur Hazreen Mohd Hasni, K. Osman, O. Maskon","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.75","url":null,"abstract":"Problems that occur in the mitral valve are now worrying an increasing number of patients each day. In the mitral valve, regional variations in structure and material properties combine to affect the biomechanics of the entire valve. Previous studies have shown that the mitral valve leaflet tissue is highly extensible. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the rigidity of mitral valves leaflet and backflow problems. Two stages of mitral valves analysis systolic and diastolic condition and also with and without ventricle were investigated. 2D models of the mitral valve leaflet (MVL) were created in ADINA-FSI for computational fluid dynamic analysis. The results show a linear relationship between rigidity of the mitral valves leaflet and volume of backflow. In conclusion, these computational techniques are very useful in the study of both mitral valve leaflet disease and failure of prostheses.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"75 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74950779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.75
Q. Bao, Jia Liu
Wollastonite coatings on titanium alloys substrates were prepared by sol-gel with different heat treatment temperatures. Microstructures of the specimens were analyzed by XRD. SEM was used to observe surface morphologies of wollastonite coatings. The results show that with the heat treatment temperature increasing, the amorphous coating transforms to a crystalline coating. There are many pores in coatings prepared by sol-gel when heat treatment temperature higher than 900°C with the PH value to 2.5. There are no cracks in coating under such conditions.
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on Microstructure of Sol-Gel Derived Wollastonite Coating","authors":"Q. Bao, Jia Liu","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.75","url":null,"abstract":"Wollastonite coatings on titanium alloys substrates were prepared by sol-gel with different heat treatment temperatures. Microstructures of the specimens were analyzed by XRD. SEM was used to observe surface morphologies of wollastonite coatings. The results show that with the heat treatment temperature increasing, the amorphous coating transforms to a crystalline coating. There are many pores in coatings prepared by sol-gel when heat treatment temperature higher than 900°C with the PH value to 2.5. There are no cracks in coating under such conditions.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":"75 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78814669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.19
Iulia Mirela Britchi, M. Olteanu, N. Ene, N. Stanica
Austenitic stainless steel 316L is widely used in implantology due to its biocompatibility, a lower price than titanium and because can be easily mechanically machined. The drawback is due to the fact that toxic nickel and chromium ions are released into human body fluids. Our proposal is to coat 316L austenitic stainless steel with biovitroceramic layers made of oxide system SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, CaO, TiO2, P2O5, K2O, Li2O and MgO by means of an enamelling procedure in order to hinder the release of Ni and Cr ions from the metallic implant surface toward the tissue around the implant. In order to achieve a firm adherence of biovitroceramic layer onto the metal, with an optimal composition for biocompatibility and bioactivity, we have modified the steel surface by a titanizing thermochemical treatment. The adherence of the biovitroceramic layer to the 316L stainless steel with modified surface is very good. The biovitroceramic coating - metallic substrate couple was studied by optical microscopy, electron microscopy (SEM and EDAX), X-ray diffraction analysis and microhardness trials.
{"title":"Biovitroceramic Coatings on Modified Surface of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel","authors":"Iulia Mirela Britchi, M. Olteanu, N. Ene, N. Stanica","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.19","url":null,"abstract":"Austenitic stainless steel 316L is widely used in implantology due to its biocompatibility, a lower price than titanium and because can be easily mechanically machined. The drawback is due to the fact that toxic nickel and chromium ions are released into human body fluids. Our proposal is to coat 316L austenitic stainless steel with biovitroceramic layers made of oxide system SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, CaO, TiO2, P2O5, K2O, Li2O and MgO by means of an enamelling procedure in order to hinder the release of Ni and Cr ions from the metallic implant surface toward the tissue around the implant. In order to achieve a firm adherence of biovitroceramic layer onto the metal, with an optimal composition for biocompatibility and bioactivity, we have modified the steel surface by a titanizing thermochemical treatment. The adherence of the biovitroceramic layer to the 316L stainless steel with modified surface is very good. The biovitroceramic coating - metallic substrate couple was studied by optical microscopy, electron microscopy (SEM and EDAX), X-ray diffraction analysis and microhardness trials.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"19 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82072793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.43
G. Bianciardi, M. Buonsanti, A. Pontari, S. Tripodi
Severe damage is produced in tissues by freezing and thawing. Until now, a great majority of the studies are performed qualitatively, lacking any quantitative approach. An important step is to choose the best option among different freezing methods. To approach the complex problem of damage produced in tissues by freezing, in this paper we present the classical mechanics approach and a quantitative study making use of a fractal methodology (evaluation of fractal dimension by box-counting method). A comparative fractal analysis between two different steps of freezing the human thoracic diaphragm muscle has been performed to quantify the voids and cracks produced by freezing (samples were placed in a cryostat chamber). Moreover, a standard Euclidean morphometry was performed to determine area and shape of the muscle nuclei after the two steps of freezing. Fractal dimension of the ice-tissue interface structures increased with decreasing temperature (p<0.0001), percentage of cell muscle decreased (p<0.01), while standard morphometry of the nuclei didnt show any modifications. Our results show the ability of the fractal approach to accurately quantify the damage produced by freezing and reveals that the lowest temperature produces the most damage.
{"title":"Fractal Analysis and Biophysical Investigation of Muscular Tissue Damaged due to Low Temperature: A Pilot Study","authors":"G. Bianciardi, M. Buonsanti, A. Pontari, S. Tripodi","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.43","url":null,"abstract":"Severe damage is produced in tissues by freezing and thawing. Until now, a great majority of the studies are performed qualitatively, lacking any quantitative approach. An important step is to choose the best option among different freezing methods. To approach the complex problem of damage produced in tissues by freezing, in this paper we present the classical mechanics approach and a quantitative study making use of a fractal methodology (evaluation of fractal dimension by box-counting method). A comparative fractal analysis between two different steps of freezing the human thoracic diaphragm muscle has been performed to quantify the voids and cracks produced by freezing (samples were placed in a cryostat chamber). Moreover, a standard Euclidean morphometry was performed to determine area and shape of the muscle nuclei after the two steps of freezing. Fractal dimension of the ice-tissue interface structures increased with decreasing temperature (p<0.0001), percentage of cell muscle decreased (p<0.01), while standard morphometry of the nuclei didnt show any modifications. Our results show the ability of the fractal approach to accurately quantify the damage produced by freezing and reveals that the lowest temperature produces the most damage.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"117 1","pages":"43 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91516124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.31
C. Poon, Mei Zhang, A. Ruys, A. Hong, Christelle Catuogno, P. Boughton
Tissue engineering of airway tissues poses many complex challenges. As tissue form is determined by function and vice versa, it is necessary to consider mechanical and physiological constraints in conjunction with standard biologic and biochemical factors when culturing tissues in vitro. This study involved the development and validation of a novel 3-dimensional (3-D) construct with the capacity to periodically expose a cell scaffold to air and medium at application of physiologic strain rates. The ultimate objective was to mimic respiratory conditions experienced by airway tissues during breathing whilst ensuring compatibility with proven cell culture techniques. The Biaxx design consists of an elastomeric porous synthetic scaffold integrated with a unique biopolymer coupling unit which engages with an IAXSYS bioreactor actuator. Uniform biaxial strain was imparted by the coupling unit whilst simultaneously creating a periodic air-liquid interface. Biaxx scaffolds with and without a coating of particulate 45S5 bioglass were employed in an assay to assess cell attachment and proliferation whilst subject to periodic strain. Physiologic lung tissue strain of 5-15% was achieved for over 200,000 cycles at 0.2Hz. Preliminary biological studies with H460 human lung carcinoma cells confirmed cell attachment, growth and proliferation on this promising construct.
{"title":"A Novel Dynamic 3-Dimensional Construct for Respiratory Tissue Engineering","authors":"C. Poon, Mei Zhang, A. Ruys, A. Hong, Christelle Catuogno, P. Boughton","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.14.31","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue engineering of airway tissues poses many complex challenges. As tissue form is determined by function and vice versa, it is necessary to consider mechanical and physiological constraints in conjunction with standard biologic and biochemical factors when culturing tissues in vitro. This study involved the development and validation of a novel 3-dimensional (3-D) construct with the capacity to periodically expose a cell scaffold to air and medium at application of physiologic strain rates. The ultimate objective was to mimic respiratory conditions experienced by airway tissues during breathing whilst ensuring compatibility with proven cell culture techniques. The Biaxx design consists of an elastomeric porous synthetic scaffold integrated with a unique biopolymer coupling unit which engages with an IAXSYS bioreactor actuator. Uniform biaxial strain was imparted by the coupling unit whilst simultaneously creating a periodic air-liquid interface. Biaxx scaffolds with and without a coating of particulate 45S5 bioglass were employed in an assay to assess cell attachment and proliferation whilst subject to periodic strain. Physiologic lung tissue strain of 5-15% was achieved for over 200,000 cycles at 0.2Hz. Preliminary biological studies with H460 human lung carcinoma cells confirmed cell attachment, growth and proliferation on this promising construct.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"128 1","pages":"31 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88719839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.69
M.M. Rahman, A. Olabi, M. Hashmi
The only grouting material used for anchoring cemented arthroplasties to contiguous bones is PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) bone cement. In this study the flow of bone cement through porous cancellous bone is modelled to determine the degree of penetration in total hip replacement using FIDAP simulation software. Power law viscosity model is used with constant consistency index and power law index less than 1 for pseudoplastic behaviour of Simplex P® and Zimmer bone cement. The effect of bone cement amount has been investigated under four different prosthesis insertion velocity 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm/s. The result shows that the depth of penetration increases with decreasing bone cement amount. In the case of Zimmer bone cement more penetration through cancellous bone was observed than Simplex P® bone cement.
{"title":"Finite Element Modelling of Rheological Property of Curing PMMA Bone Cement - Part 2 Effect of Bone Cement Amount","authors":"M.M. Rahman, A. Olabi, M. Hashmi","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.69","url":null,"abstract":"The only grouting material used for anchoring cemented arthroplasties to contiguous bones is PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) bone cement. In this study the flow of bone cement through porous cancellous bone is modelled to determine the degree of penetration in total hip replacement using FIDAP simulation software. Power law viscosity model is used with constant consistency index and power law index less than 1 for pseudoplastic behaviour of Simplex P® and Zimmer bone cement. The effect of bone cement amount has been investigated under four different prosthesis insertion velocity 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm/s. The result shows that the depth of penetration increases with decreasing bone cement amount. In the case of Zimmer bone cement more penetration through cancellous bone was observed than Simplex P® bone cement.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"69 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88778344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.81
S. R. Shah, S. U. Siddiqui
Blood-viscosity reducing drugs like “Pentoxifylline” improve blood flow by making the blood less viscous. The resistance to flow of blood in diabetic patients is higher than in non-diabetic patients. Thus diabetic patients with higher resistance to flow are more prone to high blood pressure. Therefore the resistance to blood flow in case of diabetic patients may be reduced by reducing viscosity of the plasma. Viscosity of plasma can be reducing by giving Pentoxifylline. In this paper an attempt has been made to investigate the blood flow behaviour and significance of non-Newtonian viscosity through a stenosed artery using Bingham Plastic fluid model. Numerical illustrations presented at the end of the paper provide the results for the resistance to flow, apparent viscosity and the wall shear stress through their graphical representations. It has been shown that the resistance to flow, apparent viscosity and wall shear stress increases with the size of the stenosis but these increases are comparatively small due to non-Newtonian behaviour of the blood indicating the usefulness of its rheological character in the functioning of the diseased arterial circulation.
{"title":"Achievement of Pentoxifylline for Blood Flow through Stenosed Artery","authors":"S. R. Shah, S. U. Siddiqui","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBTE.13.81","url":null,"abstract":"Blood-viscosity reducing drugs like “Pentoxifylline” improve blood flow by making the blood less viscous. The resistance to flow of blood in diabetic patients is higher than in non-diabetic patients. Thus diabetic patients with higher resistance to flow are more prone to high blood pressure. Therefore the resistance to blood flow in case of diabetic patients may be reduced by reducing viscosity of the plasma. Viscosity of plasma can be reducing by giving Pentoxifylline. In this paper an attempt has been made to investigate the blood flow behaviour and significance of non-Newtonian viscosity through a stenosed artery using Bingham Plastic fluid model. Numerical illustrations presented at the end of the paper provide the results for the resistance to flow, apparent viscosity and the wall shear stress through their graphical representations. It has been shown that the resistance to flow, apparent viscosity and wall shear stress increases with the size of the stenosis but these increases are comparatively small due to non-Newtonian behaviour of the blood indicating the usefulness of its rheological character in the functioning of the diseased arterial circulation.","PeriodicalId":15198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering","volume":"59 1","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84245213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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