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A novel systematic approach for robust numerical simulation of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic circular tubes: Utilizing machine-learning techniques for calibration and validation 对碳纤维增强塑料圆管进行稳健数值模拟的新型系统方法:利用机器学习技术进行校准和验证
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241241304
Milad Abbasi, Abolfazl Khalkhali, Johannes Sackmann
Developing a reliable and robust finite element model of a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite structure is investigated by using the LS-DYNA solver and Python. This study tries to provide a systematic numerical approach to cover the principal impediment to adaptation of composite energy absorbers, that is the lack of a reliable predictive method. The proposed procedure aims to further the understanding of advanced composite structures’ behavior during the crash phenomenon by developing an accurate finite element model. To do so, the mechanical properties of the material were extracted from American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard test methods, followed by experimental investigation of circular CFRP tubes undergoing quasi-static loading. A numerical simulation framework was then utilized to scrutinize the effectiveness of simulation parameters on the crushing mechanism. Finally, a systematic approach based on machine learning techniques was performed to adjust non-physical modeling parameters for further calibration and validation. In this regard, a versatile Python code was developed to automate pre-processing, processing, and post-processing steps. The code also provides a groundwork to perform machine learning techniques. Interestingly, the numerical and experimental results were highly correlated with a correlation coefficient of almost 90%. Additionally, several non-physical numerical parameters were found to be inactive, while some else were identified as effective parameters, and their corresponding effectiveness was quantitatively extracted and discussed for the first time in the literature.
通过使用 LS-DYNA 求解器和 Python,研究了如何为碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)复合材料结构开发可靠、稳健的有限元模型。本研究试图提供一种系统的数值方法,以解决复合材料吸能器适应性的主要障碍,即缺乏可靠的预测方法。所提出的程序旨在通过开发精确的有限元模型,进一步了解先进复合材料结构在碰撞现象中的行为。为此,我们从美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)的标准测试方法中提取了材料的机械性能,然后对承受准静态加载的圆形 CFRP 管进行了实验研究。然后,利用数值模拟框架仔细研究模拟参数对挤压机制的影响。最后,采用基于机器学习技术的系统方法来调整非物理建模参数,以便进一步校准和验证。为此,我们开发了一套通用的 Python 代码,用于自动执行预处理、处理和后处理步骤。该代码还为执行机器学习技术提供了基础。有趣的是,数值结果和实验结果高度相关,相关系数接近 90%。此外,还发现一些非物理数值参数不起作用,而另一些则被确定为有效参数,并在文献中首次对其相应的有效性进行了定量提取和讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Numerically assisted calibration procedure of nonlinear in-plane shear properties of unidirectional composite laminae based on off-axis tensile experiments 基于离轴拉伸实验的单向复合材料层板非线性面内剪切特性数值辅助校准程序
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241241771
László Kovács, Gábor Romhány
In this paper, a novel methodology is presented to evaluate the true nonlinear shear response of continuous fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) unidirectional laminae. It requires simple off-axis tensile experiments to be conducted and a finite element (FE) representation of them with a material constitutive law capable of handling nonlinearity in shear. Upon successful evaluation of the normal stiffness properties, the shear stress-strain response is derived via numerical calibration of the underlying FE models. The presented approach is also demonstrated by processing the raw data of an extensive material characterization test campaign conducted on a thermoplastic matrix CFRP. The outcome is compared to the conventional methods for shear response derivation using relevant standards such as ASTM D3518 and ASTM D5379. It has been successfully demonstrated that the pseudo-hardening phenomenon obtained from standard shear experiments as a result of fibers aligning with load direction can be eliminated with off-axis specimen tension experiments, thus, the true shear stress versus deformation response can be extracted up to failure. The main purpose of current work is to demonstrate the inconsistency in the available standard methods related to mechanical testing-based derivation of nonlinear in-plane shear behavior of UD plies. In addition, a novel technique is presented to achieve a more accurate prediction of nonlinear shear stress and strain along the entire representative loading range that contributes to more accurate simulations of composite parts up to failure and thus, better strength predictions.
本文介绍了一种新型方法,用于评估连续纤维增强塑料(CFRP)单向层压板的真实非线性剪切响应。该方法要求进行简单的离轴拉伸实验,并用能处理剪切非线性的材料构成定律对其进行有限元(FE)表示。在成功评估法向刚度特性后,通过对基础有限元模型进行数值校准,即可得出剪切应力-应变响应。该方法还通过处理对热塑性基体 CFRP 进行的广泛材料特性测试活动的原始数据进行了演示。试验结果与使用 ASTM D3518 和 ASTM D5379 等相关标准推导剪切响应的传统方法进行了比较。实验成功证明,离轴试样拉伸实验可消除标准剪切实验中因纤维与载荷方向一致而产生的假硬化现象,从而提取出直至破坏的真实剪切应力与变形响应。当前工作的主要目的是证明与基于机械测试的 UD 层非线性面内剪切行为推导相关的现有标准方法的不一致性。此外,还介绍了一种新技术,可以更准确地预测整个代表性加载范围内的非线性剪切应力和应变,有助于更准确地模拟复合材料部件的失效,从而更好地预测强度。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of resin properties on toughness translation in interleaved composites 树脂特性对交错复合材料韧性平移的影响
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241242453
Mohanad Idrees, Giuseppe R. Palmese, Nicolas J. Alvarez
Interleaving is a well-recognized method for enhancing the interlaminar fracture toughness of composite materials. However, theoretical toughness is often not realized since cracks tend to propagate through regions of lower toughness. While most studies have focused on the effect of interleaf properties, e.g., thickness and interleaf resin properties, on composite interlaminar fracture toughness, the effect of matrix resin properties on interleaved composite toughness has been overlooked. Recently, we hypothesized that there is a relationship between toughness translation and the ratio of matrix to interleaf resin toughness. In this work, we use additive manufacturing to test this hypothesis with a range of resins in interleaved composite. Toughness is quantified via mode I delamination resistance. Our results confirm our hypothesis that the ratio of matrix to interleaf resin fracture toughness, i.e., the ratio of [Formula: see text], is directly correlated to the degree of toughness translation. More specifically, a ratio of approximately 0.5 is required for effective interleaving; below 0.5, the toughness translation is significantly below the theoretical value. This approach has important implications for the design and fabrication of tough composites via choice of resins.
交错是一种公认的提高复合材料层间断裂韧性的方法。然而,由于裂纹往往会通过韧性较低的区域传播,因此理论上的韧性往往无法实现。大多数研究都集中在层间特性(如厚度和层间树脂特性)对复合材料层间断裂韧性的影响上,而基体树脂特性对交错复合材料韧性的影响却被忽视了。最近,我们假设韧性平移与基体和层间树脂韧性的比例之间存在关系。在这项工作中,我们利用快速成型技术,对交错复合材料中的一系列树脂进行了测试。韧性通过模式 I 分层阻力进行量化。我们的结果证实了我们的假设,即基体与夹层树脂断裂韧性之比(即[公式:见正文]之比)与韧性平移程度直接相关。更具体地说,有效交错所需的比率约为 0.5;低于 0.5 时,韧性平移将大大低于理论值。这种方法对于通过选择树脂来设计和制造韧性复合材料具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Development and characterization of a through-air thermobonding process with high heating rate for activating the binder and producing preforms for fibre-reinforced polymers 开发高加热率空气热粘合工艺并确定其特性,该工艺用于活化粘合剂和生产纤维增强聚合物预制件
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241238652
Sven Hellmann, Thomas Gereke, Wolfgang Truemper, Chokri Cherif
This study focuses on the development of an advanced high heating rate thermobonding process for the manufacture of preforms and the metrological characterisation of the process. The process involves passing hot air, driven by pressure differential, through a textile stack consisting of several plies of a quadraxial fabric coated with a binder. Heat is transferred into the stack and into the binder by forced convection, melting the binder. The process is used in the same way to cool the stack and binder so that the plies are bonded together. The pressure differential compacts the stack. The comprehensive methodological characterisation of the process includes first determining the air permeability of the stack and thus the volume flow of air as a function of the number of plies stacked. Further characterisation focuses on a comprehensive determination of the heating behaviour in the individual plies as a function of time, using thermocouples and thermal imaging to determine the temperatures of hot air and textiles. These are compared and related using a mathematical approach as different values have been found. The results indicate high heating rates, reducing process time by at least 85% compared to previous binder activation methods. In addition, the cantilever method assesses the flexural stiffness of the processed stacks and shows a twofold improvement in bond strength compared to uncompacted stacks. Results and discussions include orifice based volume flow determination, thermography calibration, mathematical modelling, stiffness of bonded textile plies, process comparison, process control and potential energy savings.
本研究的重点是开发一种先进的高加热速率热粘合工艺,用于制造预成型件,并对该工艺进行计量表征。该工艺包括在压差的驱动下,让热空气通过由涂有粘合剂的多层四轴织物组成的织物堆。热量通过强制对流传入叠层和粘合剂,使粘合剂熔化。用同样的方法冷却叠层和粘合剂,使各层粘合在一起。压力差使叠层紧密结合。该工艺的综合方法特征包括首先确定叠层的透气性,从而确定空气流量与叠层数量的函数关系。进一步表征的重点是全面确定各层织物的加热行为与时间的函数关系,使用热电偶和热成像技术确定热空气和织物的温度。由于发现了不同的数值,因此采用数学方法对这些数值进行比较和关联。结果表明,与以前的粘合剂活化方法相比,该方法加热率高,至少可减少 85% 的加工时间。此外,悬臂法评估了加工堆垛的挠曲刚度,结果表明与未压实堆垛相比,粘结强度提高了两倍。结果和讨论包括基于孔口的体积流量测定、热成像校准、数学建模、粘合纺织层的刚度、工艺比较、工艺控制和潜在节能。
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引用次数: 0
In-line monitoring of cryogenic three-point bending test of fiber-reinforced composites using acoustic emission 利用声发射对纤维增强复合材料的低温三点弯曲试验进行在线监测
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241242898
Björn Maack
Remotely in-line monitored acoustic emission (AE) of interlaminar shear strength tests in a 3-point bending test of fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRP) conducted under cryogenic conditions in liquid nitrogen (LN2) were studied. The AE sensors were reversibly mounted at the outer components of the testing machine to thermally decouple them from the cryogenic area and use AE signal transmission through the testing machine structure as a waveguide. The damage mechanisms and effect of the cryogenic temperature were studied at 296 K room temperature (RT) and in LN2 at 77 K, considering machine and process noises. The correlation of machine data with acoustics and the AE hit analysis revealed matrix cracking as the most frequent damage mechanism under both conditions but with different failure mechanisms. At RT and applying higher loads, the most damage suddenly occurred, and the specimen failed. In LN2, the damage occurred continuously from the beginning of testing. The amount of fiber failure increased, and the AE feature ranges enlarged. This study presents a method by AE for remote monitoring the mechanical response of FRP in cryogenic fluids such as liquid hydrogen. The method provides a new approach to support the more efficient development of FRP materials for storage vessel structures and structural health monitoring systems.
研究了在液氮(LN2)低温条件下进行的纤维增强聚合物复合材料(FRP)三点弯曲试验中层间剪切强度测试的远程在线监测声发射(AE)。AE 传感器可逆地安装在试验机的外部组件上,使其与低温区域热解耦,并通过试验机结构作为波导进行 AE 信号传输。在 296 K 室温(RT)和 77 K 的 LN2 中研究了损伤机制和低温温度的影响,并考虑了机器和过程噪音。机器数据与声学和 AE 撞击分析的相关性表明,在这两种条件下,矩阵开裂是最常见的损坏机制,但其破坏机制各不相同。在 RT 和施加较大载荷时,突然发生的损坏最多,试样失效。在 LN2 条件下,损坏从试验开始就持续发生。纤维破坏量增加,AE 特征范围扩大。本研究提出了一种利用 AE 对液氢等低温流体中 FRP 的机械响应进行远程监控的方法。该方法为更有效地开发用于储存容器结构和结构健康监测系统的玻璃钢材料提供了一种新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the bending test properties of bio-composites strengthened with fibers through a combination of experimental and modeling approaches 通过实验和建模相结合的方法考察纤维增强生物复合材料的弯曲测试特性
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241240819
Khalissa Saada, Chouki Farsi, Salah Amroune, Mohamed Fnides, Moussa Zaoui, Hocine Heraiz
This study explores the relationship between natural fiber filling density (10%, 15%, 25%) and its impact on the bending properties of polymer compounds reinforced with Diss, Sisal and Luffa fibers. Using advanced techniques like fiber analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), the research reveals that a 25% filling density results in the highest stress values (25.61 MPa, 22.21 MPa and 20.88 MPa) for Diss, Sisal and Luffa compounds, respectively, fostering robust bonds in Diss-reinforced polymers. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model demonstrates superior predictive capability with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99 for stress and displacement, outperforming Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) underscores the impact of sample section parameters and fiber rate on stress, establishing the significance of type parameters and fiber rate on displacement. This integration of ANN and RSM represents a paradigm shift in predicting bending mechanical properties, advancing our understanding of composite materials for innovative applications.
本研究探讨了天然纤维填充密度(10%、15%、25%)之间的关系及其对使用屾纤维、剑麻纤维和丝瓜纤维增强的聚合物化合物弯曲性能的影响。通过使用纤维分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)等先进技术,研究发现填充密度为 25% 的屾纤维、剑麻纤维和丝瓜纤维化合物的应力值最高(分别为 25.61 兆帕、22.21 兆帕和 20.88 兆帕),从而促进了屾纤维增强聚合物的牢固结合。人工神经网络(ANN)模型显示出卓越的预测能力,应力和位移的相关系数超过 0.99,优于响应面方法(RSM)。方差分析 (ANOVA) 强调了样品截面参数和纤维率对应力的影响,并确定了类型参数和纤维率对位移的重要性。这种将 ANN 和 RSM 相结合的方法代表了预测弯曲机械性能的范式转变,推动了我们对复合材料创新应用的理解。
{"title":"Examining the bending test properties of bio-composites strengthened with fibers through a combination of experimental and modeling approaches","authors":"Khalissa Saada, Chouki Farsi, Salah Amroune, Mohamed Fnides, Moussa Zaoui, Hocine Heraiz","doi":"10.1177/00219983241240819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219983241240819","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the relationship between natural fiber filling density (10%, 15%, 25%) and its impact on the bending properties of polymer compounds reinforced with Diss, Sisal and Luffa fibers. Using advanced techniques like fiber analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), the research reveals that a 25% filling density results in the highest stress values (25.61 MPa, 22.21 MPa and 20.88 MPa) for Diss, Sisal and Luffa compounds, respectively, fostering robust bonds in Diss-reinforced polymers. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model demonstrates superior predictive capability with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99 for stress and displacement, outperforming Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) underscores the impact of sample section parameters and fiber rate on stress, establishing the significance of type parameters and fiber rate on displacement. This integration of ANN and RSM represents a paradigm shift in predicting bending mechanical properties, advancing our understanding of composite materials for innovative applications.","PeriodicalId":15489,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composite Materials","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of imperfect bonding on stress distribution in fibrous composites 不完全粘合对纤维复合材料应力分布的影响
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241241497
Parvaneh Kheirkhah Barzoki, Tianyi Hua, Ouli Fu, Yasser Gowayed
An attempt was made to map the distribution of stress in fibrous composites with imperfect bonding. Two analytical micro-mechanics models were developed. In the first model, the composite was subjected to axial tensile loading, parallel to the fiber direction, and the assumption of iso-strain was employed to derive the control equations. In the second model, the composite was loaded in the direction transverse to the fiber. An iso-stress condition was employed, and Airy stress function was utilized to articulate the stress and displacement equations. An assumption of how the stress is transferred between the matrix and the fiber was introduced in both models. To investigate and validate the models, specimens were fabricated using a carbon plain weave fabric and a geopolymer matrix. Single fiber pullout and three-point bending tests were carried out. The maximum average tensile stress obtained from the three-point bending tests, as well as the mechanical properties of the fiber and geopolymer, served as input for the models. Results indicate that the effect of the level of bonding is very high in the transverse direction while almost negligible in the axial direction. The difference in the maximum value of the axial tensile stress at the fiber-matrix interface was used to calculate the numerical value of the interfacial shear strength, and the numerical result matched the data obtained from the single fiber pullout test.
尝试绘制不完全粘合的纤维复合材料的应力分布图。建立了两个微观力学分析模型。在第一个模型中,复合材料受到平行于纤维方向的轴向拉伸载荷,并采用等应变假设推导出控制方程。在第二个模型中,复合材料在纤维横向方向上受到加载。采用等应力条件,并利用艾里应力函数来阐明应力和位移方程。两种模型都引入了基体和纤维之间应力传递的假设。为了研究和验证模型,使用碳纤维平织布和土工聚合物基体制作了试样。进行了单纤维拉拔和三点弯曲试验。从三点弯曲试验中获得的最大平均拉伸应力以及纤维和土工聚合物的机械性能均可作为模型的输入。结果表明,粘合程度在横向上的影响非常大,而在轴向上几乎可以忽略不计。利用纤维-基质界面上轴向拉伸应力最大值的差值来计算界面剪切强度的数值,数值结果与单根纤维拉拔试验获得的数据相吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Short-term oxidation and residual compression properties of needle-punched carbon/carbon composites 针刺碳/碳复合材料的短期氧化和残余压缩性能
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241241119
Meng Han, Zhichao Wang, Xingyu Zhang, Yang Ni, Weixin Ma, Ge Qi, Xiujing Han, Vadim V. Silberschmidt, Chuwei Zhou
Needle-punched carbon/carbon (NP C/C) composite is widely used in rocket-engine nozzles and re-entry vehicles. Recyclable technology expedited the research on repeated oxidation and residual mechaincal properties of thermal-protection materials. In this study, the critical longitudinal compression strengths before and after oxidation are derived based on the Timoshenko beam theory. Three repetitions of short-term oxidation cycles and compression experiments are investigated. The average oxidation rate of this composite was 5∼6% in 10 min and kept linear increase. In-plane and out-of-plane compressive strengths of NP C/C composite diminish quasi-linearly due to oxidation at 1000°C, with their moduli decreasing in a periodically slow-sharp pattern. After three oxidation cycles, the levels of residual in-plane modulus and strength were 55.20% and 56.89%, respectively, while the resudual out-of-plane modulus and strength were 44.65% and 47.23%, respectively. The results showed that the material exhibited the pesudo-plastical behaviour after oxidation, cracks grew along the punched conical structures formed by the punching technology. In-plane and out-of-plane modulus were more sensitive than their strengths after first oxidation cycle.
针刺碳/碳(NP C/C)复合材料广泛用于火箭发动机喷嘴和重返大气层飞行器。可回收技术加快了对热防护材料的反复氧化和残余机械密封性能的研究。在这项研究中,根据季莫申科梁理论推导出了氧化前后的临界纵向压缩强度。研究了三次重复的短期氧化循环和压缩实验。该复合材料在 10 分钟内的平均氧化率为 5∼6%,并保持线性增长。NP C/C 复合材料的面内和面外抗压强度在 1000°C 氧化作用下呈近线性下降,其模量也呈周期性缓慢锐减模式。经过三个氧化循环后,残余面内模量和强度分别为 55.20% 和 56.89%,残余面外模量和强度分别为 44.65% 和 47.23%。结果表明,该材料在氧化后表现出 "钝塑性",裂纹沿着冲孔技术形成的冲孔锥形结构生长。在第一个氧化周期后,面内和面外模量比强度更敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Fracture mechanism of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite laminates under compression after impact 碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料层压板在冲击后压缩条件下的断裂机理
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241240622
Yoshiko Nagumo, Miyu Hamanaka, Keiichi Shirasu, Kazuki Ryuzono, Akinori Yoshimura, Hironori Tohmyoh, Tomonaga Okabe
Thermoplastic carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are increasingly utilized in the aerospace industry owing to their beneficial properties and enhanced formability relative to thermoset CFRPs. Despite the extensive use of these materials, studies focusing on compression after impact (CAI) tests with impact energies exceeding 20 J for thermoplastic CFRPs remain scarce. This study examines CAI tests on quasi-isotropic laminates of thermoplastic CFRP, subjected to a low-velocity impact energy of 27.04 J. For comparison, quasi-isotropic laminates of thermoset CFRP were subjected to a low-velocity impact energy of 36.5 J. These tests reveal that the CAI strength of both materials is comparable, notwithstanding the lower fiber volume fraction in the thermoplastic CFRP. Further, this research incorporates a finite element (FE) analysis to investigate the damage mechanisms in thermoplastic CFRP. The FE model, integrating interlaminar damage observed during the impact tests, accurately predicted the relationship between compressive stress and strain, correlating closely with the experimental outcomes. It was observed that both interlaminar and intralaminar damage propagation were constrained until the point of maximum compressive stress. Prior to reaching this maximum, a region of elevated compressive stress in the fiber direction was noted in the 0° layer near the non-impacted side. These findings indicate that the compressive stress in the fiber direction in the 0° layer adjacent to the non-impacted side is pivotal in dictating the final failure, which determines the CAI strength of thermoplastic CFRP laminates.
与热固性碳纤维增强塑料相比,热塑性碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)具有良好的性能和更强的可成形性,因此越来越多地应用于航空航天工业。尽管这些材料得到了广泛应用,但针对热塑性碳纤维增强塑料冲击能量超过 20 J 的压缩后冲击(CAI)试验的研究仍然很少。本研究对热塑性 CFRP 的准各向同性层压材料进行了 CAI 试验,并对其进行了 27.04 J 的低速冲击能量试验;作为对比,还对热固性 CFRP 的准各向同性层压材料进行了 36.5 J 的低速冲击能量试验。此外,这项研究还采用了有限元(FE)分析方法来研究热塑性 CFRP 的损坏机制。有限元模型综合了冲击试验中观察到的层间损伤,准确预测了压缩应力和应变之间的关系,与实验结果密切相关。据观察,层间和层内损伤的扩展都受到限制,直到压缩应力达到最大值。在达到最大压应力点之前,在靠近非撞击侧的 0° 层中发现了纤维方向的压应力升高区域。这些研究结果表明,在靠近非撞击侧的 0° 层中,纤维方向的压缩应力是决定最终破坏的关键,它决定了热塑性 CFRP 层压板的 CAI 强度。
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引用次数: 0
Structural and nonlinear J-integral fracture toughness for nanoclay toughened ternary HDPE/LDPE-g-MA/ABS blend nanocomposites 纳米粘土增韧三元高密度聚乙烯/低密度聚乙烯-g-MA/ABS 共混纳米复合材料的结构韧性和非线性 J 积分断裂韧性
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241240468
Mushtaq Albdiry
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) has a higher strength-to-density ratio and stiffness but a low branching degree for the packed linear chains that restrict the ability to bond and resist cracking. This study conducts the role of inserting rigid nanoclay (NC) and soft acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) on the structural, nonlinear fracture toughness and crack resistance of a ternary HDPE/low-density polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydrite (LDPE-g-MA)/ABS blend. Varying additions of 1, 3, 5, and 7 % NC and 5, 10, 15 wt. % ABS were inserted into neat HDPE and HDPE90/LDPE-g-MA10. All materials were hand-mixed before feeding into a single screw extruder and directly melt-blended twice to achieve a good dispersion of nanofiller in the matrix. The structural characteristics and the fracture surfaces of NC/HDPE/LDPE-g-MA and NC/HDPE/LDPE-g-MA/ABS were investigated by TEM, XRD, SEM, and FTIR spectra. Tensile strength and the critical dissipated energy (JIc) determined by quasi-static J-integral fracture mechanic revealed a higher absorbing fracture energy of 75 KJ/m2 for the binary and 85 KJ/m2 for the ternary nanocomposites. The synergistic percolated role of the NC particles and ABS copolymer in front of the crack tip region hinders crack growth for the presence of micro-void coalescence and massive shear-yielding toughening mechanisms.
高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)具有较高的强度密度比和刚度,但其包装线性链的支化程度较低,从而限制了其粘合和抗裂能力。本研究探讨了添加硬质纳米粘土(NC)和软质丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)对高密度聚乙烯/低密度聚乙烯-接枝马来酸酐(LDPE-g-MA)/ABS 三元共混物的结构、非线性断裂韧性和抗裂性的影响。在纯高密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯 90/LDPE-g-MA10 中分别加入不同添加量的 1%、3%、5% 和 7% NC 以及 5%、10%、15% ABS。所有材料在喂入单螺杆挤出机之前都经过手工混合,并直接熔融混合两次,以实现纳米填料在基体中的良好分散。通过 TEM、XRD、SEM 和 FTIR 光谱研究了 NC/HDPE/LDPE-g-MA 和 NC/HDPE/LDPE-g-MA/ABS 的结构特征和断裂面。通过准静态 J 积分断裂力学测定的拉伸强度和临界耗散能 (JIc) 表明,二元纳米复合材料的吸收断裂能较高,为 75 KJ/m2,三元纳米复合材料的吸收断裂能较高,为 85 KJ/m2。在裂纹尖端区域前,NC 颗粒和 ABS 共聚物的协同渗透作用阻碍了裂纹的增长,因为存在微空洞凝聚和大规模剪切屈服增韧机制。
{"title":"Structural and nonlinear J-integral fracture toughness for nanoclay toughened ternary HDPE/LDPE-g-MA/ABS blend nanocomposites","authors":"Mushtaq Albdiry","doi":"10.1177/00219983241240468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00219983241240468","url":null,"abstract":"High-density polyethylene (HDPE) has a higher strength-to-density ratio and stiffness but a low branching degree for the packed linear chains that restrict the ability to bond and resist cracking. This study conducts the role of inserting rigid nanoclay (NC) and soft acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) on the structural, nonlinear fracture toughness and crack resistance of a ternary HDPE/low-density polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydrite (LDPE-g-MA)/ABS blend. Varying additions of 1, 3, 5, and 7 % NC and 5, 10, 15 wt. % ABS were inserted into neat HDPE and HDPE<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>/LDPE-g-MA<jats:sub>10</jats:sub>. All materials were hand-mixed before feeding into a single screw extruder and directly melt-blended twice to achieve a good dispersion of nanofiller in the matrix. The structural characteristics and the fracture surfaces of NC/HDPE/LDPE-g-MA and NC/HDPE/LDPE-g-MA/ABS were investigated by TEM, XRD, SEM, and FTIR spectra. Tensile strength and the critical dissipated energy (J<jats:sub>Ic</jats:sub>) determined by quasi-static J-integral fracture mechanic revealed a higher absorbing fracture energy of 75 KJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for the binary and 85 KJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for the ternary nanocomposites. The synergistic percolated role of the NC particles and ABS copolymer in front of the crack tip region hinders crack growth for the presence of micro-void coalescence and massive shear-yielding toughening mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":15489,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composite Materials","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Composite Materials
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