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Ballistic behaviour of hybride carbon/basalt fiber reinforced epoxy-hBN composite 碳/钴混合纤维增强环氧-卤化萘复合材料的弹道性能
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241249707
Fatma Bakal Gumus, A. Yapici
Ballistic behaviours of hybrid composite armors were investigated through experiments. The effects of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanopowders and number of layers on ballistic performance were examined. Four types of armors were manufactured by hand lay-up and vacuum bagging technique: 60 layers of fabric (30 layers carbon and 30 layers basalt fabrics) with 0% h-BN (1-A) and 1% h-BN (1-B), also 100 layers of fabric (50 layers carbon and 50 layers basalt fabrics) with 0% h-BN (2-A) and 1% h-BN (2-B) with epoxy resin. Ballistic impact tests were performed on the armors using a 9 mm full metal jacket projectile. The densities of the ballistic plates are 1.53, 1.56, 1.61 and 1.65 respectively. After three shots to each plate, the average hole depths were 5.55 mm on the 1-A coded plate, 4.34 mm on the 1-B armor, 4.68 mm on the 2-A plate, and 4.69 mm on the 2-B armor. All of the armors were able to confront for the velocities between [Formula: see text] m/s successfully. However, the h-BN showed a significant influence on the overall ballistic performance of composite armors. It has been found that the penetration depth decreases with the addition of h-BN. Also SEM-EDS mapping and XRD analysis were used to characterize the hybrid composites.
通过实验研究了混合复合材料装甲的弹道行为。实验研究了六方氮化硼(h-BN)纳米粉体和层数对弹道性能的影响。通过手工铺层和真空装袋技术制造了四种类型的装甲:60 层含 0% h-BN (1-A) 和 1% h-BN (1-B) 的织物(30 层碳织物和 30 层玄武岩织物),以及 100 层含 0% h-BN (2-A) 和 1% h-BN (2-B) 的环氧树脂织物(50 层碳织物和 50 层玄武岩织物)。使用 9 毫米全金属护套弹丸对装甲进行了弹道冲击试验。弹道板的密度分别为 1.53、1.56、1.61 和 1.65。对每块防弹板射击三次后,1-A 编码防弹板的平均孔深为 5.55 毫米,1-B 装甲为 4.34 毫米,2-A 防弹板为 4.68 毫米,2-B 装甲为 4.69 毫米。所有装甲都能成功对抗[计算公式:见正文]米/秒之间的速度。不过,h-BN 对复合装甲的整体弹道性能有显著影响。研究发现,h-BN 的加入会降低穿透深度。此外,还使用了 SEM-EDS 制图和 XRD 分析来表征混合复合材料。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of thermo-oxidative aging on progressive bending damages and electromechanical behaviors of carbon fiber/epoxy 3D woven composites 热氧化老化对碳纤维/环氧树脂三维编织复合材料渐进弯曲损伤和机电行为的影响
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241249238
Gen Li, Tianwei Wu, B. Sun, B. Gu
The effect of thermo-oxidative aging on mechanical properties is important to designing carbon fiber-reinforced composites serviced in long-term atmospheric environments. Here, we report the progressive bending damage behaviors of carbon fiber/epoxy 3D angle-interlock woven composites (3DAWCs) after thermo-oxidative aging. Three-point bending tests were conducted to characterize bending damage behaviors after different aging days. The electrical resistance change of 3DAWCs was also simultaneously measured with the two-probe method during three-point bending tests. Combining side image and digital image correlation (DIC) technology, we found that the bending strength and modulus deteriorated rapidly during thermo-oxidative aging. The strain distribution and progressive bending damage modes also changed significantly, i.e., a symmetrical strain distribution for the unaged specimens, while the existing interface cracks of the aged specimen changed this symmetry. The electrical resistance method (ERM) effectively identified the early-stage damages, and the first derivative of the rate of resistance change (FDC) revealed differences in the progressive damage modes of aged and unaged specimens.
热氧化老化对力学性能的影响对于设计在长期大气环境中使用的碳纤维增强复合材料非常重要。在此,我们报告了碳纤维/环氧树脂三维角交织复合材料(3DAWC)在热氧化老化后的渐进弯曲损伤行为。我们进行了三点弯曲试验,以表征不同老化天数后的弯曲损伤行为。在三点弯曲试验过程中,还采用双探针法同时测量了 3DAWC 的电阻变化。结合侧面图像和数字图像相关(DIC)技术,我们发现在热氧化老化过程中,弯曲强度和模量迅速恶化。应变分布和渐进弯曲损伤模式也发生了显著变化,即未老化试样的应变分布是对称的,而老化试样现有的界面裂纹改变了这种对称性。电阻法(ERM)有效地识别了早期损伤,电阻变化率的一阶导数(FDC)揭示了老化试样和未老化试样在渐进损伤模式上的差异。
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive experimental study on the effects of hexagonal boron nitride particle size and loading ratio on thermal and mechanical performance in epoxy composites 六方氮化硼粒度和负载率对环氧树脂复合材料热性能和机械性能影响的综合实验研究
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241247910
Samet Ozyigit, Mostafa Mehdipour, A. Al-Nadhari, Arvin T Tabrizi, Semih Dogan, Kuray Dericiler, Bertan Beylergil, Mehmet Yildiz, B. S. Okan
Harnessing the potential of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in epoxy composites for tailoring thermal conductivity is a promising avenue in materials science. However, achieving balanced enhancements in both in-plane and through-plane directions remains a challenge that requires innovative solutions. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate how thermal and mechanical characteristics of an epoxy matrix are affected by the size and amount of h-BN particles. To achieve this goal, h-BN particles with varying sizes (micro and nano) are incorporated into the epoxy matrix at different weight ratios spanning from 0.5 wt % to 20 wt % using a pre-dispersion technique. The epoxy composites reinforced with h-BN through a molding process exhibits enhanced mechanical and thermal performance in contrast to the pristine epoxy material. During the flexural test, acoustic emission data is collected to identify the initiation and progression of damage within the specimens under testing conditions. The most notable enhancement in thermal conductivity is observed when incorporating 20 wt% of micron-sized h-BN particles. This leads to a remarkable 107% increase in the in-plane direction and an impressive 112% increase in the through-plane direction. These results can be attributed to the formation of a three-dimensional thermally conductive network by the larger h-BN particles, which extends the path of phonon scattering. Furthermore, there are significant improvements in both flexural modulus and tensile modulus. Epoxy composites containing 10 wt% of micron-sized h-BN experiences an approximate 42% increase, while those with 20 wt% of the same particles displays a substantial 47% rise in these properties. This study effectively addresses the challenges associated with tailoring the thermal properties of epoxy composites, opening up new opportunities for applications in various industries, including electronics, aerospace and thermal management systems.
利用环氧树脂复合材料中六方氮化硼(h-BN)的潜力来定制导热性能是材料科学中一条前景广阔的途径。然而,如何在面内和面间两个方向上实现平衡增强仍然是一项挑战,需要创新的解决方案。本研究的主要目的是评估 h-BN 颗粒的大小和数量如何影响环氧基体的热特性和机械特性。为实现这一目标,采用预分散技术将不同尺寸(微米级和纳米级)的 h-BN 颗粒以 0.5 重量比到 20 重量比的不同比例加入环氧基体中。与原始环氧材料相比,通过模塑工艺用 h-BN 增强的环氧复合材料具有更高的机械性能和热性能。在挠曲测试过程中,通过收集声发射数据来确定测试条件下试样内部损伤的开始和发展。当加入 20 wt% 的微米级 h-BN 颗粒时,热导率得到了最显著的提高。这导致面内方向的热导率显著提高了 107%,面间方向的热导率显著提高了 112%。这些结果可归因于较大的 h-BN 颗粒形成了三维导热网络,从而延长了声子散射的路径。此外,挠曲模量和拉伸模量也有明显改善。含 10 wt% 微米级 h-BN 的环氧树脂复合材料的这些性能提高了约 42%,而含 20 wt% 相同颗粒的环氧树脂复合材料的这些性能则大幅提高了 47%。这项研究有效地解决了与定制环氧树脂复合材料热性能相关的难题,为电子、航空航天和热管理系统等各行各业的应用开辟了新的机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Study of 3D-printed onyx parts reinforced with continuous glass fibers: Focus on mechanical characterization, analytical prediction and numerical simulation 研究用连续玻璃纤维增强的 3D 打印缟玛瑙部件:重点关注机械表征、分析预测和数值模拟
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241247913
Daouda Nikiema, Pascale Balland, Alain Sergent
The 3D printing of continuous-fiber composites is currently relevant to engineers and researchers. This study aims to characterize and predict the mechanical properties of Onyx/glass fiber specimens printed using 3D printing. The work assesses the impact of glass fiber printing parameters on the mechanical behavior of printed parts and proposes analytical and numerical methods to predict mechanical properties. A physicochemical analysis was conducted on 3D printed continuous glass fibers. The study also investigated the impact of fiber printing parameters on composite parts. The results indicate that the 3D-printed glass fibers consist of nylon, continuous glass fibers, and voids (porosity), which range from 58% to 63%, 31% to 38%, and 5% to 8%, respectively. Mechanical characterizations indicate that printing fiber layers in blocks results in superior mechanical properties compared to printing alternating layers of glass fibers and Onyx. Additionally, the concentric mode of fiber printing can be challenging if the ‘start rotation’ parameter is not adjusted correctly. Premature specimen breakage occurred when fiber printing began within their useful length, resulting in a deformation at break that was approximately 34% less, depending on the starting position. The proposed analytical and numerical prediction methods had prediction errors of approximately 7% to 12% and 5% to 7%, respectively. Engineers can use these prediction approaches during the dimensioning phase of 3D printed composite parts.
连续纤维复合材料的三维打印技术目前与工程师和研究人员息息相关。本研究旨在表征和预测使用三维打印技术打印的缟玛瑙/玻璃纤维试样的机械性能。研究评估了玻璃纤维打印参数对打印部件机械性能的影响,并提出了预测机械性能的分析和数值方法。对 3D 打印的连续玻璃纤维进行了物理化学分析。研究还调查了纤维打印参数对复合材料部件的影响。结果表明,3D 打印的玻璃纤维由尼龙、连续玻璃纤维和空隙(孔隙率)组成,空隙率分别为 58%至 63%、31%至 38%、5%至 8%。机械特性分析表明,与交替印制玻璃纤维层和缟玛瑙层相比,成块印制纤维层可获得更优越的机械特性。此外,如果 "开始旋转 "参数调整不当,同心模式的纤维打印可能会面临挑战。当纤维在其有效长度内开始打印时,会出现试样过早断裂的情况,导致断裂时的变形量减少约 34%,具体取决于起始位置。所提出的分析和数值预测方法的预测误差分别约为 7% 至 12% 和 5% 至 7%。工程师可以在三维打印复合材料部件的尺寸确定阶段使用这些预测方法。
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引用次数: 0
In situ compressive behavior of carbon fibers reinforced PolyEtherEther Ketone laminates exposed to one-sided heat flux 暴露于单侧热流的碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮层压板的原位压缩行为
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241248754
Benoit Vieille, Alexis Coppalle
This study investigates the influence of a combined thermal heat flux (imposed by a cone calorimeter) and a compressive loading on the deformation and damage mechanisms within quasi-isotropic carbon fibers reinforced PolyEtherEther Ketone laminates. Thermogravimetric Analyses conducted at increasing heating rates under nitrogen (from 5 to 500°C/min) provide valuable information on the thermal decomposition of C/PEEK that ranges from 550°C to 627°C, with a corresponding mass loss ranging from 20 to 26%. From the thermo-mechanical coupling standpoint, the softening and the thermal decomposition of the PEEK matrix under a 50 kW/m2 heat flux result in the micro-buckling of fibers bundles in matrix-rich areas at the ply scale. Ultimately, it leads to the formation and propagation in the transverse direction of plastic kink bands at the laminates scale. Post-failure observations show that this macroscopic kinking propagates specifically according to the PEEK matrix pyrolysis.
本研究探讨了热通量(通过锥形量热仪施加)和压缩载荷对准各向同性碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮层压板变形和损坏机制的影响。在氮气环境下以不断增加的加热速率(从 5°C 至 500°C /分钟)进行的热重分析提供了有关 C/PEEK 热分解的宝贵信息,其温度范围为 550°C 至 627°C,相应的质量损失范围为 20% 至 26%。从热机械耦合的角度来看,在 50 kW/m2 的热通量下,PEEK 基体的软化和热分解导致纤维束在层级上基体丰富的区域发生微弯曲。最终导致塑性扭结带在层压板横向形成和传播。失效后的观察结果表明,这种宏观扭结是根据 PEEK 基质热解情况而发生的。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting the fiber orientation of injection molded components and the geometry influence with neural networks 用神经网络预测注塑成型部件的纤维取向及其几何影响
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241248216
Till Hermann, Dariusz Niedziela, Diyora Salimova, Timo Schweiger
The injection molding simulation of short fiber reinforced plastics (SFRP) is time consuming. However, until now it is necessary for predicting the local fiber orientation, to optimize the molding process and to predict the mechanical behavior of the material. This research presents the capabilities of artificial neural networks (NN) in predicting fiber orientation tensor (FOT) during injection molding processes, with a focus on enhancing computational efficiency compared to traditional simulation methods. Three NN architectures are compared based on simulated injection molded plates, with the goal of predicting the effect of the plate geometry on the local fiber orientation. Results indicate that NN outperform the baseline assumption of aligned fibers and demonstrate significant potential for accurate FOT prediction. The computational efficiency of NN, especially during the prediction phase, showcases a reduction in processing time by a factor of 104 compared to traditional simulation methods. This research lays a foundation for further exploration into the feasibility of NN in partly replacing time-consuming simulations for practical applications in injection molding processes.
短纤维增强塑料(SFRP)的注塑成型模拟非常耗时。然而,迄今为止,它对于预测局部纤维取向、优化成型工艺和预测材料的机械性能是非常必要的。本研究介绍了人工神经网络(NN)在注塑成型过程中预测纤维取向张量(FOT)的能力,重点是与传统模拟方法相比提高计算效率。以模拟注塑成型板为基础,比较了三种 NN 架构,目的是预测板的几何形状对局部纤维取向的影响。结果表明,NN 优于对齐纤维的基线假设,并展示了准确预测 FOT 的巨大潜力。NN 的计算效率,尤其是在预测阶段,与传统模拟方法相比,减少了 104 倍的处理时间。这项研究为进一步探索 NN 在注塑成型工艺实际应用中部分取代耗时模拟的可行性奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of in-situ automated fiber placement carbon-fiber-reinforced low-melt polyaryl ether ketone laminates part 1: Manufacturing influences 原位自动纤维铺放碳纤维增强低熔聚芳醚酮层压板的特性,第 1 部分:生产影响因素
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241244882
Ines Mössinger, Lukas Raps, Daniel Fricke, Jonathan Freund, Miriam Löbbecke, Ashley R Chadwick
This study presents an investigation into mechanical and thermal properties, as well as the microstructure of Automated Fiber Placement-manufactured laminates using a novel carbon fiber-reinforced low-melt polyaryl ether ketone polymer material. The material’s lower melting temperature and lower melt viscosity as compared to established high-temperature thermoplastic materials as PEEK, promises favourable characteristics for the Automated Fiber Placement process. This work aims at in-situ consolidation and the influence of a heated tooling and a post process tempering step, which both turned out to be promising in previous investigations. Laminates were manufactured using a cold tooling, a heated tooling configuration, a cold tooling with a subsequent tempering process step and a hot-pressed reference laminate. Differential Scanning Calorimetry showed that crystallinity values more than doubled for the heated tooling and post process tempering configurations, compared to the cold tooling, reaching 24% and 30%, respectively. Mechanical strength values showed an increase in interlaminar shear strength and compression strength but did not increase to the same extent as was expected from the increase in crystallinity. With Scanning Electron Microscopy differences in the microscopic structure of the polymer matrix could be detected. While the post process tempering step leads to a mostly lamellar crystalline structure, the heated tooling configuration and the post process hot pressing induce a predominance of crystalline spherulites, which might positively affect the mechanical performance. Computed Tomography scans revealed a high amount of porosity in the in-situ-manufactured samples and unprocessed tape material, which likely mitigated the positive effect of increased crystallinity.
本研究对使用新型碳纤维增强低熔点聚芳醚酮聚合物材料制造的自动纤维贴装层压板的机械和热性能以及微观结构进行了研究。与现有的高温热塑性材料(如 PEEK)相比,这种材料的熔化温度更低,熔体粘度也更低,这为自动纤维贴放工艺提供了有利的特性。这项工作旨在研究原位固结以及加热工具和后处理回火步骤的影响,这两种方法在之前的研究中都证明很有前途。使用冷模具、加热模具配置、带有后续回火工艺步骤的冷模具和热压参考层压板制造了层压板。差示扫描量热法显示,与冷模具相比,加热模具和后处理回火配置的结晶度值增加了一倍多,分别达到 24% 和 30%。机械强度值显示层间剪切强度和压缩强度有所提高,但与结晶度提高的预期程度不同。扫描电子显微镜可以检测到聚合物基体微观结构的差异。后处理回火步骤主要导致片状结晶结构,而加热模具配置和后处理热压则导致结晶球状体占主导地位,这可能会对机械性能产生积极影响。计算机断层扫描显示,在原位制造的样品和未加工的胶带材料中存在大量孔隙,这可能会减轻结晶度增加带来的积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Contribution to the percolation threshold study of Silicon carbide filled polydimethylsiloxane composites used for field grading application 碳化硅填充聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料田间分级应用的渗流阈值研究贡献
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241246615
Renaud Metz, Sofiane Terzi, Barbara Fayard, Jean-Louis Bantignies, Mehrdad Hassanzadeh
The correlations between the electrical behavior and microstructural properties of samples consisting of particle composites fabricated from SiC particles embedded in a silicone matrix, were investigated using X-ray computed tomography. In the voltage field range 200-1000 V/mm, the measured conductivity as a function of SiC volume fraction exhibits two distinct gaps. Upon further investigations, we attribute these observations to percolation thresholds at the microscale. The first gap, corresponding to interconnections between SiC particles that were originally disconnected, is more significant at higher voltage; while the second one, resulting from shortening conductivity pathways between the external surfaces of the samples with the increase of SiC volume fraction, seems more sensitive to lower voltages and is correlated with a decrease of the tortuosity of the percolated SiC network.
利用 X 射线计算机断层扫描技术研究了由嵌入硅酮基质中的碳化硅颗粒制成的颗粒复合材料样品的电气行为与微观结构特性之间的相关性。在 200-1000 V/mm 的电压场范围内,测得的电导率与碳化硅体积分数的函数关系呈现出两种截然不同的差距。经过进一步研究,我们将这些观察结果归因于微尺度的渗流阈值。第一个间隙与原本断开的 SiC 颗粒之间的相互连接相对应,在电压较高时更为显著;而第二个间隙则是由于随着 SiC 体积分数的增加,样品外表面之间的导电路径缩短而产生的,似乎对较低的电压更为敏感,并与渗滤 SiC 网络的曲折性降低相关。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic responses and interactive failure mechanisms of carbon fiber composite face sheets/double-layer corrugated core sandwich structures under low-velocity impacts loading 低速冲击加载下碳纤维复合材料面片/双层波纹芯材夹层结构的动态响应和交互失效机理
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241246109
Hangyan Wang, Jiayou Guo, Guangguang Zhang, Shuiting Zhou, Liange Ouyang
A single-layer and double-layer corrugated core sandwich structure consisting of carbon fibre–reinforced polymer (CFRP) panels and aluminium alloy core layers was designed. Numerical simulations were carried out in HyperMesh/LsDyna, and the simulation results of single-layer and double-layer corrugated sandwich structure were compared with the experimental results to verify the reliability of the proposed numerical model. Compared with the results of single-layer and double-layer corrugated sandwich structure, the superiority of a double-layer corrugated sandwich structure in anti-collision performance is verified. Considering the effects of impact energy and impact position on impact force, energy absorption capacity, and failure mode, a series of low-velocity impact finite element simulations was carried out. It was found that the main failure mode of composite laminates included fibre damage, matrix damage and delamination, and core buckling. At the same impact position, the higher the impact energy, the greater the initial slopes of the contact force-time and absorbed energy-time curves, the higher the peak force, and the larger the energy absorption capacity. Under the same impact energy, when the impactor hit the wave crest of the sandwich structure, the damage to the structure was small; however, the maximum impact force on the structure was large (∼8 kN).
设计了一种由碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)面板和铝合金芯层组成的单层和双层波纹芯夹层结构。在 HyperMesh/LsDyna 中进行了数值模拟,并将单层和双层波纹夹芯结构的模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,以验证所提出的数值模型的可靠性。与单层和双层波纹夹层结构的结果相比,验证了双层波纹夹层结构在防撞性能方面的优越性。考虑到冲击能量和冲击位置对冲击力、能量吸收能力和破坏模式的影响,进行了一系列低速冲击有限元模拟。结果发现,复合材料层压板的主要失效模式包括纤维损伤、基体损伤和分层以及芯材屈曲。在同一冲击位置,冲击能量越大,接触力-时间曲线和吸收能量-时间曲线的初始斜率越大,峰值力越高,能量吸收能力越大。在相同的冲击能量下,当冲击器撞击到夹层结构的波峰时,对结构的破坏较小,但对结构的最大冲击力较大(∼8 kN)。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of mechanical and physicochemical properties of palm fiber composites: Effect of alkaline treatment and volume alterations 评估棕榈纤维复合材料的机械和物理化学性能:碱性处理和体积改变的影响
IF 2.9 3区 材料科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/00219983241246614
Hocine Heraiz, Chouki Farsi, Hocine Makri, Salah Amroune, Ahmed Belaadi, Khalissa Saada, Moussa Zaoui, Mohammed Ismail Beddiar
This study assesses the impact of alkaline treatments and volume fractions on biocomposites composed of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix reinforced with date palm tree fibers (FPDS). Tensile tests were conducted on both untreated and NaOH-treated biocomposites. Additionally, fiber analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal higher strength and stiffness compared to HDPE, albeit with limited plasticity making the material brittle. The NaOH treatment enhances certain mechanical properties. Further assessments encompassed hardness, density, melt index, and Izod impact tests. Two volume fractions, 20% and 25%, of FPDS were tested. The study establishes a correlation between empirical predictions and artificial neural network (ANN) models. Notably, an ANN architecture consisting of two input factors, 10 hidden nodes, and one output provides the analysis of mechanical properties. This investigation highlights the potential of FPDS-reinforced HDPE biocomposites, emphasizing their mechanical performance under various treatments and fiber levels.
本研究评估了碱性处理和体积分数对由枣椰树纤维(FPDS)增强的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)基体组成的生物复合材料的影响。对未经处理和经 NaOH 处理的生物复合材料进行了拉伸试验。此外,还使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和 X 射线衍射(XRD)对纤维进行了分析。结果表明,与高密度聚乙烯相比,该材料具有更高的强度和刚度,尽管有限的塑性使其变脆。NaOH 处理增强了某些机械性能。进一步的评估包括硬度、密度、熔融指数和伊佐德冲击试验。对两种体积分数(20% 和 25%)的 FPDS 进行了测试。该研究建立了经验预测与人工神经网络(ANN)模型之间的相关性。值得注意的是,由两个输入因子、10 个隐藏节点和一个输出组成的人工神经网络结构提供了机械性能分析。这项研究突出了 FPDS 增强高密度聚乙烯生物复合材料的潜力,强调了其在不同处理和纤维水平下的机械性能。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Composite Materials
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