Journal of Dental Sciences最新文献

Background/purpose

Self-assessment in dental education is considered a fundamental skill for proficient oral healthcare providers. While previous studies looked at self-assessment in education, few have done so at Japanese institutions. This study aimed to assess potential associations between gender and self-assessment skills in Japanese dental students.

Materials and methods

Dental students from Niigata University (n = 301) completed preclinical prosthodontic exercises and self-assessed their practical exam performance. Three calibrated faculty evaluated students’ work using the same rubric. The difference between student self-assessment score and mean faculty grade was defined as the student-faculty (S-F) gap, indicating how accurately students evaluated their work. The gap scores were stratified by quartiles by faculty grade and by gender. Regression analysis was used to investigate potential associations.

Results

Students mean S-F gap was 2.9 ± 10.5 % with a significant negative association to faculty grades (coefficient, −0.32; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between male and female students for faculty grades, self-assessment scores, and S-F gaps. When stratified by quartile, mean S-F gaps of bottom quartile students (5.7 ± 11.9 %) were significantly higher than the rest of the class (1.9 ± 9.8 %; P = 0.01), while the mean S-F gaps of students in the top quartile (−0.8 ± 10.2 %) were significantly lower than the rest of the class (4.2 ± 10.3 %; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Niigata University students generally overestimated their performance. Students with higher faculty grades self-assessed themselves more accurately than students with lower faculty grades. Gender did not influence S-F gaps, despite dentistry in Japan shifting toward a female-dominated field.

Background/purpose

We suspected that there might be an interaction between sugar intake and tobacco exposure on the risk of dental caries. The study aimed to investigate the associations of sugar intake or tobacco exposure with the risk of dental caries.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study obtained data of 18804 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2018. Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explore the associations of total sugar intake or tobacco exposure with the risk of dental caries. The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (API), and synergy index (SI) evaluated the interaction between total sugar intake and tobacco exposure on the risk of dental caries. The effect size of odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) was inputted.

Results

The OR of dental caries in adults with cotinine >10 ng/mL was 1.59 (95%CI: 1.38–1.82). The increased risk of dental caries was found in people with total sugar >19.5%E compared to those with total sugar ≤19.5%E (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.34–1.78). Compared to people with cotinine ≤10 ng/mL and total sugar ≤19.5%E, adults with cotinine >10 ng/mL and total sugar >19.5%E were correlated with elevated risk of dental caries (OR = 2.76, 95%CI: 2.29–3.33). The interaction indicators RERI was 0.980 (95%CI: 0.413–1.547), API was 0.355 (95%CI: 0.192–0.517), and SI was 2.250 (95%CI: 1.344–3.767).

Conclusion

There might be interaction between sugar intake and tobacco exposure on the occurrence of dental caries in adults.

Background/purpose

Helicobacter pylori has been found to be related to periodontitis, and the oral cavity has been considered a reservoir for H. pylori gastritis infection. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of mouthwash containing poly l-Lysine and glycerol monolaurate on inhibiting H. pylori growth, biofilm formation, cell cytotoxicity, adhesion ability, cagA mRNA expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated by H. pylori.

Materials and methods

Nineteen H. pylori strains were isolated from the oral cavity. The effectiveness of mouthwash containing poly l-Lysine and glycerol monolaurate was examined for its ability to inhibit H. pylori growth and biofilm formation and was tested for cell viability in oral epithelial cells (H357), gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS), and periodontal ligament cells (PDL). Additionally, the mouthwash was tested for reducing cagA mRNA expression, adhesion ability to H357 and AGS cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated with H. pylori in AGS and PDL cells.

Results

The mouthwash containing poly l-Lysine and glycerol monolaurate could eradicate the biofilm by 14.9–19.9% after incubation at 5 min, and cell viability revealed 77.2, 79.8, and 100.0% for AGS, H357, and PDL cells, respectively. Moreover, the mouthwash containing poly l-Lysine and glycerol monolaurate could down-regulate cagA mRNA expression, reduce adhesion of H. pylori by approximately 9.5–47.8% for H357 cells and 24.5–62.9% for AGS cells, and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-8, stimulated with H. pylori.

Conclusion

Mouthwash containing poly l-Lysine and glycerol monolaurate could inhibit H. pylori growth and reduce their virulence expression. The mouthwash also revealed low cytotoxicity to oral and gastric cells.

Background /purpose

The standard treatment for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is surgery. However, reports on the appropriate extent of bone resection are few. We aimed to examine the relationship between the extent of bone resection and postoperative outcomes in patients with mandibular MRONJ.

Materials and methods

The clinical and imaging findings and treatment outcomes of 206 patients (258 surgeries) with mandibular MRONJ undergoing surgery were reviewed. Imaging findings were evaluated using computed tomography (CT) to sequestrum, osteolysis, periosteal reaction, and mixed-type osteosclerosis, and determine the extent of resection. In some cases, samples were taken from within the bone, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the presence of bacteria and fungi.

Results

The three-year cumulative cure rate was 81.7%. Patients with malignant tumors showing no osteolysis and undergoing sequestrum removal or marginal mandibulectomy had significantly worse prognosis than those with osteoporosis showing osteolysis and undergoing segmental mandibulectomy. Furthermore, patients with residual osteolysis, periosteal reactions, and mixed-type osteosclerosis on CT were more likely to develop recurrence. Eleven patients showed no osteolysis on CT images. Patients with cancer administered with high-dose denosumab had significantly poorer prognosis. Bacteria and fungi were also detected in samples obtained from gap-type periosteal reaction and mixed-type osteosclerosis.

Conclusion

Surgery for MRONJ requires resection of the infected bone. Aside from the osteolysis area, the gap-/irregular-type periosteal reaction and mixed-type osteosclerosis must also be included in the resection area. Methods for determining the extent of bone resection in MRONJ without osteolysis are a future challenge.

This longevity of life expectancy has indirectly led to an increase in the number of chronic diseases such as periodontitis, apical periodontitis (AP), and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the aging society, thus affecting people's quality of life. There is an interaction between periodontitis/AP and DM with a two-way relationship. Although type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1DM, T2DM) have different etiologies, glycemic control may affect the infection, inflammation and tissue healing of periodontitis and AP. Non-surgical periodontal treatment may influence the glycemic control as shown by decrease of HbA1c level in T2DM patient. However, the effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in T1DM and root canal treatment/apical surgery on T1DM and T2DM patients awaits investigation. DM may affect the periodontal and periapical tissues possibly via altered oral microbiota, impairment of neutrophils' activity and host immune responses and cytokine production, induction of oxidative stress etc. While periodontitis associated systemic inflammation and hyperlipidemia is suggested to contribute to the control of T2DM, more intricate studies are necessary to clarify the detailed mechanisms. The interactions between DM (T1DM and T2DM) and periodontitis and AP are therefore reviewed to provide a basis for the treatment of subsequent patients with pulpal/periodontal disease and diabetes. A two-pronged approach of medical and dental treatment is needed for the management of these patients, with emphasis on blood glucose control and improving oral hygiene and periodontal maintenance care, to ensure the best treatment outcome.

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) presents a significant challenge in diagnosis due to its varied clinical manifestations and the absence of specific biomarkers. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial, particularly given its association with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review aims to explore the potential role of exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, in the pathogenesis of OLP and their utility as diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes facilitate the exchange of information between cells and modulate immune responses by carrying various bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In the context of OLP, exosomes derived from affected tissues or immune cells are thought to contribute to disease progression by mediating the transfer of pro-inflammatory molecules, including cytokines like interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha and chemokines such as CCL2, CCL5 and microRNAs such as miR-155, miR-146a, miR-21, and miR-34a, etc. Additionally, the distinct molecular contents of exosomes derived from OLP lesions may accurately represent the pathological changes occurring in these tissues. This suggests the potential of exosomes to be used as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing and tracking the progression of the disease. Understanding the immune microenvironment of OLP and the role of exosomes within this context is critical for advancing our knowledge of OLP pathogenesis and identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, challenges remain in identifying and characterising exosomes and their clinical translation. Further research is warranted to address these challenges and fully exploit exosomes' diagnostic and therapeutic potential in OLP and other inflammatory oral diseases.

Background/purpose

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disease. Despite a variety of scientific articles have been available till date, merely a few scientometric analyses have been systematically carried out in this field. The objective of this study was to recognize the hotspots and research trends related to RAS via bibliometric approach.

Materials and methods

The Elsevier's Scopus database was searched to retrieve qualified literature through an advanced search strategy on 9 Feb 2023. The basic information was collected as following: article type, publication year, journals, impact factor, the count of citations, citation density, keywords, authors, contributing institutions and country.

Results

A list of 986 publications were identified from 1933 to 2022, and the number of citations for each paper varied from 0 to 283. A steady increasing trend in the number of documents could be observed each decade with the summit in 2010s. Controlled study (n = 334) and major clinical study (n = 192) were the most common types of study design. Scully C (n = 26) was identified as the most productive author. United States (n = 166) and Turkey (n = 101) top the list of dedicating countries.

Conclusion

This report would offer profound insight into the current status of RAS research and serve as a reference source for anyone planning to enhance the quality of future work.