Journal of Dental Sciences最新文献

Background /purpose

The standard treatment for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is surgery. However, reports on the appropriate extent of bone resection are few. We aimed to examine the relationship between the extent of bone resection and postoperative outcomes in patients with mandibular MRONJ.

Materials and methods

The clinical and imaging findings and treatment outcomes of 206 patients (258 surgeries) with mandibular MRONJ undergoing surgery were reviewed. Imaging findings were evaluated using computed tomography (CT) to sequestrum, osteolysis, periosteal reaction, and mixed-type osteosclerosis, and determine the extent of resection. In some cases, samples were taken from within the bone, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the presence of bacteria and fungi.

Results

The three-year cumulative cure rate was 81.7%. Patients with malignant tumors showing no osteolysis and undergoing sequestrum removal or marginal mandibulectomy had significantly worse prognosis than those with osteoporosis showing osteolysis and undergoing segmental mandibulectomy. Furthermore, patients with residual osteolysis, periosteal reactions, and mixed-type osteosclerosis on CT were more likely to develop recurrence. Eleven patients showed no osteolysis on CT images. Patients with cancer administered with high-dose denosumab had significantly poorer prognosis. Bacteria and fungi were also detected in samples obtained from gap-type periosteal reaction and mixed-type osteosclerosis.

Conclusion

Surgery for MRONJ requires resection of the infected bone. Aside from the osteolysis area, the gap-/irregular-type periosteal reaction and mixed-type osteosclerosis must also be included in the resection area. Methods for determining the extent of bone resection in MRONJ without osteolysis are a future challenge.

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) presents a significant challenge in diagnosis due to its varied clinical manifestations and the absence of specific biomarkers. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial, particularly given its association with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review aims to explore the potential role of exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, in the pathogenesis of OLP and their utility as diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes facilitate the exchange of information between cells and modulate immune responses by carrying various bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In the context of OLP, exosomes derived from affected tissues or immune cells are thought to contribute to disease progression by mediating the transfer of pro-inflammatory molecules, including cytokines like interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha and chemokines such as CCL2, CCL5 and microRNAs such as miR-155, miR-146a, miR-21, and miR-34a, etc. Additionally, the distinct molecular contents of exosomes derived from OLP lesions may accurately represent the pathological changes occurring in these tissues. This suggests the potential of exosomes to be used as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing and tracking the progression of the disease. Understanding the immune microenvironment of OLP and the role of exosomes within this context is critical for advancing our knowledge of OLP pathogenesis and identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, challenges remain in identifying and characterising exosomes and their clinical translation. Further research is warranted to address these challenges and fully exploit exosomes' diagnostic and therapeutic potential in OLP and other inflammatory oral diseases.

This longevity of life expectancy has indirectly led to an increase in the number of chronic diseases such as periodontitis, apical periodontitis (AP), and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the aging society, thus affecting people's quality of life. There is an interaction between periodontitis/AP and DM with a two-way relationship. Although type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1DM, T2DM) have different etiologies, glycemic control may affect the infection, inflammation and tissue healing of periodontitis and AP. Non-surgical periodontal treatment may influence the glycemic control as shown by decrease of HbA1c level in T2DM patient. However, the effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in T1DM and root canal treatment/apical surgery on T1DM and T2DM patients awaits investigation. DM may affect the periodontal and periapical tissues possibly via altered oral microbiota, impairment of neutrophils' activity and host immune responses and cytokine production, induction of oxidative stress etc. While periodontitis associated systemic inflammation and hyperlipidemia is suggested to contribute to the control of T2DM, more intricate studies are necessary to clarify the detailed mechanisms. The interactions between DM (T1DM and T2DM) and periodontitis and AP are therefore reviewed to provide a basis for the treatment of subsequent patients with pulpal/periodontal disease and diabetes. A two-pronged approach of medical and dental treatment is needed for the management of these patients, with emphasis on blood glucose control and improving oral hygiene and periodontal maintenance care, to ensure the best treatment outcome.

Background/purpose

Accumulating evidence has suggested that treatment failure of cancer therapy can be attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Among numerous regulators of cancer stemness, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained significant attention recently. In this study, we examined the role of gastric adenocarcinoma predictive long intergenic noncoding RNA (GAPLINC) in oral CSCs (OCSCs).

Materials and methods

RNA Sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the expression of GAPLINC. Flow cytometry and sphere-forming assay were exploited to isolate OCSCs. Measurement of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity, CD44 expressing cells, and various phenotypic assays, such as self-renewal, migration, invasion, and colony-forming abilities, were conducted in CSCs of two types of oral cancer cells (SAS and GNM) following the knockdown of GAPLINC. A luciferase reporter was also carried out to validate the direct interaction between GAPLINC and microRNA (miR)-331-3p.

Results

Our results showed that GAPLINC was overexpressed in OCSCs from patient-derived and oral cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that silencing of GAPLINC in OCSCs downregulated various CSC hallmarks, such as ALDH1 activity, percentage of CD44-expressing cells, self-renewal capacity, and colony-forming ability. Moreover, our results revealed that the effect of GAPLINC on cancer stemness was mediated by direct repression of miR-331-3p.

Conclusion

These data have potential clinical implications in that we unraveled the aberrant upregulation of GAPLINC and demonstrated that suppression of GAPLINC may reduce cancer stemness via sequestering miR-331-3p.

Background/purpose

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disease. Despite a variety of scientific articles have been available till date, merely a few scientometric analyses have been systematically carried out in this field. The objective of this study was to recognize the hotspots and research trends related to RAS via bibliometric approach.

Materials and methods

The Elsevier's Scopus database was searched to retrieve qualified literature through an advanced search strategy on 9 Feb 2023. The basic information was collected as following: article type, publication year, journals, impact factor, the count of citations, citation density, keywords, authors, contributing institutions and country.

Results

A list of 986 publications were identified from 1933 to 2022, and the number of citations for each paper varied from 0 to 283. A steady increasing trend in the number of documents could be observed each decade with the summit in 2010s. Controlled study (n = 334) and major clinical study (n = 192) were the most common types of study design. Scully C (n = 26) was identified as the most productive author. United States (n = 166) and Turkey (n = 101) top the list of dedicating countries.

Conclusion

This report would offer profound insight into the current status of RAS research and serve as a reference source for anyone planning to enhance the quality of future work.

Background/purpose

Primary Sjögren's syndrome is a prototypical autoimmune disease, with B cell dysfunction as a dominant feature. Further insights into distribution of B cell subsets in primary Sjögren's syndrome are urgently required to identify the most appropriate target subpopulation. We aimed to evaluate the profiles of B lymphocyte subpopulations in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients and to investigate their clinical significance.

Materials and methods

Thirty primary Sjögren's syndrome patients and 15 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral B cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results

Compared to healthy controls, circulating CD19⁺ B cells, CD19⁺CD20⁻ B cells, CD19⁺CD27⁻IgD⁺ naïve B cells, CD19⁺IgD⁺CD38^high plasmablasts, CD19⁺CD24^highCD38^high transitional B cells and CD19⁺CD20⁻CD27⁺CD38⁺ plasma cells were elevated in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, whereas CD19⁺CD27⁺ memory B cells, CD19⁺CD27⁻IgD^- double negative B cells and CD19⁺CD24^hiCD27⁺ Bregs were decreased. Furthermore, the percentage of circulating CD19⁺CD20⁻CD27⁺CD38⁺ plasma cells was positively correlated with serum IgG levels and the proportional area of lymphocytic infiltration of labial gland.

Conclusion

We identified a comprehensive B lymphocyte subset distribution profile in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Moreover, we detected a clinical significance of CD19⁺CD20⁻CD27⁺CD38⁺ plasma cells, suggesting that these cells might play a key role in disease pathology and represent potential therapeutic targets.