This study focuses on the analysis of the elemental composition of different commercial flours focusing the attention on toxic trace metals. The goal is to search markers for contaminations, due to the growth of the cereal in polluted soil, and / or due to the working process to which the cereals are subjected to obtain flour. To do that, different kind of flour (wheat, durum wheat, oats, corn, spelt and rice) were bought and analysed using ICP-MS triple quadrupole located in an ISO 6 cleanroom. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead founded could be related to soil contamination. Vanadium is therefore identified as a useful marker of process contamination as it is commonly scarce in the soil, but it is very common in the heavy-duty milling cylinders. Poor maintenance, wear conditions, economic reasons could be some of the causes of process contamination. Finally, a possible marker for type 00 wheat flours was identified, having observed the tendency of caesium to accumulate in the internal parts of the wheat grain.
{"title":"ICP-MS triple quadrupole as analytical technique for the characterization of metal contamination processes in commercial flours for food safety","authors":"Chiara Telloli , Flavio Cicconi , Pasquale Lombardi , Fabio Borgognoni , Stefano Salvi , Maria Carmela Iapalucci , Antonietta Rizzo","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the analysis of the elemental composition of different commercial flours focusing the attention on toxic trace metals. The goal is to search markers for contaminations, due to the growth of the cereal in polluted soil, and / or due to the working process to which the cereals are subjected to obtain flour. To do that, different kind of flour (wheat, durum wheat, oats, corn, spelt and rice) were bought and analysed using ICP-MS triple quadrupole located in an ISO 6 cleanroom. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead founded could be related to soil contamination. Vanadium is therefore identified as a useful marker of process contamination as it is commonly scarce in the soil, but it is very common in the heavy-duty milling cylinders. Poor maintenance, wear conditions, economic reasons could be some of the causes of process contamination. Finally, a possible marker for type 00 wheat flours was identified, having observed the tendency of caesium to accumulate in the internal parts of the wheat grain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107384
Meijun Lu , Tianlin Wang , Tiange Li , Yan Ma , Xianqing Huang , Libin Wan , Fayun Wang , Lianjun Song
A ratiometric aptasensor for deoxynivalenol (DON) detection was developed based on FRET between graphene oxide (GO) and carbon dots. Blue carbon dots, functionalized with aptamers, act as energy donors, while GO functions as the energy acceptor. In the absence of DON, the addition of GO quenches the fluorescence of the blue carbon dots, while the fluorescence of red carbon dots, used as internal reference signals, remains unchanged. When DON is introduced, the aptamer selectively binds to the target, increasing the distance between the donor and acceptor, disrupting FRET, and gradually restoring the blue fluorescence. The sensor demonstrated a strong linear relationship within the concentration range of 0.05–200 ng/mL of DON, with a detection limit of 14.7 pg/mL. The superior analytical performance and high sensitivity indicate the potential of the sensor for DON detection in real sample matrices.
{"title":"Aptamer based ratiometric determination of DON by exploiting the FRET between carbon dots and graphene oxide","authors":"Meijun Lu , Tianlin Wang , Tiange Li , Yan Ma , Xianqing Huang , Libin Wan , Fayun Wang , Lianjun Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A ratiometric aptasensor for deoxynivalenol (DON) detection was developed based on FRET between graphene oxide (GO) and carbon dots. Blue carbon dots, functionalized with aptamers, act as energy donors, while GO functions as the energy acceptor. In the absence of DON, the addition of GO quenches the fluorescence of the blue carbon dots, while the fluorescence of red carbon dots, used as internal reference signals, remains unchanged. When DON is introduced, the aptamer selectively binds to the target, increasing the distance between the donor and acceptor, disrupting FRET, and gradually restoring the blue fluorescence. The sensor demonstrated a strong linear relationship within the concentration range of 0.05–200 ng/mL of DON, with a detection limit of 14.7 pg/mL. The superior analytical performance and high sensitivity indicate the potential of the sensor for DON detection in real sample matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107381
Linxin Zhang, Haihang Wang, Lexiao Cai, Chuze Yu, Tong Sun
During growth, pecan nuts may develop internal "hollow" defects, affecting quality. In this study, near-infrared spectroscopy technology was utilized to conduct rapid and nondestructive detection of hollow defects in pecan nuts. Six preprocessing methods, eight classification models, and two characteristic wavelength selection methods were used. Three voting methods, namely hard voting, soft voting, and weighted soft voting, were employed to further enhanced the ability to identify hollow defects in pecan nuts. The results indicate that normal pecan nuts exhibit higher absorbance than hollow ones, facilitating differentiation. The hollow pecan nut dataset achieves superior model performance after standard normal variate (SNV) preprocessing combined with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) variable selection. Voting methods significantly improve defect identification, with soft voting outperforming hard voting and weighted soft voting yielding the best results. Among the voting methods, the weighted soft voting combination of logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (ADB), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) achieves the best results, the accuracy in cross-validation is 86.44 %, and the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in testing set are 87.11 %, 97.56 %, and 69.01 %, respectively. The detection method in this study can provide technical support for pecan nut quality assurance.
{"title":"Rapid and nondestructive detection of hollow defects in pecan nuts based on near-infrared spectroscopy and voting method","authors":"Linxin Zhang, Haihang Wang, Lexiao Cai, Chuze Yu, Tong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During growth, pecan nuts may develop internal \"hollow\" defects, affecting quality. In this study, near-infrared spectroscopy technology was utilized to conduct rapid and nondestructive detection of hollow defects in pecan nuts. Six preprocessing methods, eight classification models, and two characteristic wavelength selection methods were used. Three voting methods, namely hard voting, soft voting, and weighted soft voting, were employed to further enhanced the ability to identify hollow defects in pecan nuts. The results indicate that normal pecan nuts exhibit higher absorbance than hollow ones, facilitating differentiation. The hollow pecan nut dataset achieves superior model performance after standard normal variate (SNV) preprocessing combined with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) variable selection. Voting methods significantly improve defect identification, with soft voting outperforming hard voting and weighted soft voting yielding the best results. Among the voting methods, the weighted soft voting combination of logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (ADB), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) achieves the best results, the accuracy in cross-validation is 86.44 %, and the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in testing set are 87.11 %, 97.56 %, and 69.01 %, respectively. The detection method in this study can provide technical support for pecan nut quality assurance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107350
Siyao Liu , Peng Xiao , Jing Xu , Danni Yang , Mengzhuo Chen , Chenguang Zhou
The objective of this study was to establish a methodology for determining the residue concentrations of 13 pesticides in Lycium barbarum extract. To eliminate interfering substances in the matrix, deep eutectic solvent-functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (DES@MWCNT) was prepared. DES@MWCNT was firstly introduced as the sole purification agents, replacing PSA and C18 in QuEChERS extraction. Pesticide analysis was achieved using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Unlike traditional QuEChERS, this method employs only a single adsorbent, DES@MWCNT, to replace the combined effect of multiple adsorbents, thereby enhancing the simplicity and generality of the method. Results indicated that DES-5@MWCNT effectively functioned as QuEChERS clean-up materials, significantly reducing the matrix effect to the range of −9.27–12.59 % after cleanup treatment. The concentrations and peak areas of pesticides exhibited strong linearity, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of ≥ 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.87 to 11.05 μg/kg and 2.89–36.83 μg/kg, respectively. Accuracy was between 79.3 % and 105.6 %, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 2.6 % to 17.9 %. The DES@MWCNT-based QuEChERS treatment is expected to have broad practical applicability for other pesticide targets and various sample matrices.
{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes as QuEChERS adsorbents coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of pesticide residues in Lycium barbarum","authors":"Siyao Liu , Peng Xiao , Jing Xu , Danni Yang , Mengzhuo Chen , Chenguang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to establish a methodology for determining the residue concentrations of 13 pesticides in <em>Lycium barbarum</em> extract. To eliminate interfering substances in the matrix, deep eutectic solvent-functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (DES@MWCNT) was prepared. DES@MWCNT was firstly introduced as the sole purification agents, replacing PSA and C18 in QuEChERS extraction. Pesticide analysis was achieved using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Unlike traditional QuEChERS, this method employs only a single adsorbent, DES@MWCNT, to replace the combined effect of multiple adsorbents, thereby enhancing the simplicity and generality of the method. Results indicated that DES-5@MWCNT effectively functioned as QuEChERS clean-up materials, significantly reducing the matrix effect to the range of −9.27–12.59 % after cleanup treatment. The concentrations and peak areas of pesticides exhibited strong linearity, with a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of ≥ 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.87 to 11.05 μg/kg and 2.89–36.83 μg/kg, respectively. Accuracy was between 79.3 % and 105.6 %, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 2.6 % to 17.9 %. The DES@MWCNT-based QuEChERS treatment is expected to have broad practical applicability for other pesticide targets and various sample matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107378
Yao Pan , Shugai Feng , Chaoxian Chi , Fangling Wu , Chuan-Fan Ding
Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are a class of synthetic antibacterial drugs that are widely used in clinical treatment and the food industry. However, long-term overuse of SAs can increase bacterial resistance and pose potential risks to human health and the environment, so their accurate analysis is crucial. In this study, a quick and effective method for five SA isomers separation was developed by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and theoretical calculations. Three different crown ethers, 18-crown-6 ether (18C6), 15C5, and 12C4 were served as the separation reagent to non-covalent interact with the SAs to form the corresponding binary complexes, and the mass spectrum intensity of the complexes is [SA+ 18C6 +H]+> [SA+ 15C5 +H]+>[SA+ 12C4+H]+. Specifically, the SA isomers can be baseline separated by the formed binary complexes, which the separation resolution (Rp-p) can reach 1.672, and the separation effect was 18C6 > 15C5 > 12C4. Quantum chemical calculations were performed for the complex ions of [SA+ 18C6 +H]+, revealing the different modes of the 18C6 interactions between the SA isomers, resulting in their conformational differences and mobility separation. Additionally, quantitative analysis for SA isomers by the method was established, effective linearity (R2>0.99) and acceptable sensitivity (0.271 nmol·mL−1) were obtained. Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine of the SA isomers in practical samples of drug tablets and animal liver, with recoveries ranging from 76.43 % to 97.74 %. The results showed that this method was a good choice for the accurate analysis of SA isomers in complex samples.
{"title":"Application of ion mobility mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation in the analysis of sulfonamide antibiotics","authors":"Yao Pan , Shugai Feng , Chaoxian Chi , Fangling Wu , Chuan-Fan Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are a class of synthetic antibacterial drugs that are widely used in clinical treatment and the food industry. However, long-term overuse of SAs can increase bacterial resistance and pose potential risks to human health and the environment, so their accurate analysis is crucial. In this study, a quick and effective method for five SA isomers separation was developed by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and theoretical calculations. Three different crown ethers, 18-crown-6 ether (18C6), 15C5, and 12C4 were served as the separation reagent to non-covalent interact with the SAs to form the corresponding binary complexes, and the mass spectrum intensity of the complexes is [SA+ 18C6 +H]<sup>+</sup>> [SA+ 15C5 +H]<sup>+</sup>>[SA+ 12C4<sup>+</sup>H]<sup>+</sup>. Specifically, the SA isomers can be baseline separated by the formed binary complexes, which the separation resolution (R<sub><em>p-p</em></sub>) can reach 1.672, and the separation effect was 18C6 > 15C5 > 12C4. Quantum chemical calculations were performed for the complex ions of [SA+ 18C6 +H]<sup>+</sup>, revealing the different modes of the 18C6 interactions between the SA isomers, resulting in their conformational differences and mobility separation. Additionally, quantitative analysis for SA isomers by the method was established, effective linearity (R<sup>2</sup>>0.99) and acceptable sensitivity (0.271 nmol·mL<sup>−1</sup>) were obtained. Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine of the SA isomers in practical samples of drug tablets and animal liver, with recoveries ranging from 76.43 % to 97.74 %. The results showed that this method was a good choice for the accurate analysis of SA isomers in complex samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107377
Nebiye Yarar Caba , Bulent Kabak
Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in dried mulberries poses significant health risks due to its genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of OTA in dried mulberries and evaluate associated health risks. One hundred dried mulberry samples were analyzed using a validated method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection with a limit of quantification of 0.262 µg/kg. OTA was detected in 89 % of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.426 to 33.23 µg/kg, and 68 % exceeded the European Union’s maximum level of 2 µg/kg. In the high-consumption scenario, the margin of exposure for the 95th percentile fell below the safety threshold of 10,000, indicating potential health risks for high-level consumers. This represents one of the most comprehensive monitoring studies and risk assessments of OTA contamination in dried mulberries, providing critical insights into its occurrence and potential health implications. The results highlight the need for improved control measures, including optimized drying methods and storage conditions, to mitigate OTA contamination and protect consumer health.
{"title":"Insights into ochratoxin A contamination and safety risks in dried mulberries: A pioneering study","authors":"Nebiye Yarar Caba , Bulent Kabak","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in dried mulberries poses significant health risks due to its genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of OTA in dried mulberries and evaluate associated health risks. One hundred dried mulberry samples were analyzed using a validated method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection with a limit of quantification of 0.262 µg/kg. OTA was detected in 89 % of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.426 to 33.23 µg/kg, and 68 % exceeded the European Union’s maximum level of 2 µg/kg. In the high-consumption scenario, the margin of exposure for the 95th percentile fell below the safety threshold of 10,000, indicating potential health risks for high-level consumers. This represents one of the most comprehensive monitoring studies and risk assessments of OTA contamination in dried mulberries, providing critical insights into its occurrence and potential health implications. The results highlight the need for improved control measures, including optimized drying methods and storage conditions, to mitigate OTA contamination and protect consumer health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107359
Dengmin Li , Diana da Graça Nseledge Monteiro , Hui Jiang , Quansheng Chen
Wheat is highly susceptible to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, which affects food safety. This study proposed a new method that combines natural anthocyanin olfactory visualization technology with machine learning algorithms to detect the degree of wheat AFB1 contamination. The study used solvent extraction to extract anthocyanins from a variety of plant materials, and verified the effectiveness and applicability of the extraction by measuring the total anthocyanin content and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The pre-experiment identified nine appropriate anthocyanins as dyes, followed by the development of a sensor array to collect volatile odor data from wheat samples with differing AFB1 levels. The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) algorithm was used to downscale the color change data of the sensors before and after responding to different samples, and a support vector machine (SVM) classification model was constructed to identify the contamination degree of wheat samples. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Transient Trigonometric Harris Hawks Optimizer (TTHHO) are employed to optimize the SVM model. The findings indicated that the TTHHO-SVM model had superior performance in assessing the AFB1 contamination level in wheat, achieving an accuracy of 97.9 %. It was demonstrated that anthocyanin dye as a colorimetric sensor material could effectively and sensitively distinguish the degree of mold in wheat. This method effectively reduces the high cost and time consumption of traditional AFB1 detection methods and has potential applications.
{"title":"Qualitative analysis of wheat aflatoxin B1 using olfactory visualization technique based on natural anthocyanins","authors":"Dengmin Li , Diana da Graça Nseledge Monteiro , Hui Jiang , Quansheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wheat is highly susceptible to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, which affects food safety. This study proposed a new method that combines natural anthocyanin olfactory visualization technology with machine learning algorithms to detect the degree of wheat AFB1 contamination. The study used solvent extraction to extract anthocyanins from a variety of plant materials, and verified the effectiveness and applicability of the extraction by measuring the total anthocyanin content and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The pre-experiment identified nine appropriate anthocyanins as dyes, followed by the development of a sensor array to collect volatile odor data from wheat samples with differing AFB1 levels. The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) algorithm was used to downscale the color change data of the sensors before and after responding to different samples, and a support vector machine (SVM) classification model was constructed to identify the contamination degree of wheat samples. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Transient Trigonometric Harris Hawks Optimizer (TTHHO) are employed to optimize the SVM model. The findings indicated that the TTHHO-SVM model had superior performance in assessing the AFB1 contamination level in wheat, achieving an accuracy of 97.9 %. It was demonstrated that anthocyanin dye as a colorimetric sensor material could effectively and sensitively distinguish the degree of mold in wheat. This method effectively reduces the high cost and time consumption of traditional AFB1 detection methods and has potential applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aroma types of green tea can be classified as clean, chestnut-like, floral, and others. The concentration of various aroma compounds and the OAV determine the aroma emitted by green tea. Most of the aroma components in tea are formed through four chemical pathways: carotenoids as precursors, lipids as precursors, glycosides as precursors, and the Maillard reaction pathway. The manufacturing process of green tea usually involves spreading, fixation, rolling, and drying. Most of the changes in aroma composition occur during this process. Fixation is a crucial step, and the type of green tea obtained will vary depending on the fixation method used. Variations in processing methods and technological parameters can lead to changes in the major aromatic components. In recent years, research on the aroma components of green tea has gradually increased, but there has not been sufficient systematic elaboration on the changes that occur during its processing. In this paper, the key aroma components in various types of green tea were reviewed, and it summarizes the impact of technology on the aroma components in green tea. This provides a theoretical reference for subsequent research on the characteristics flavoring compositions in tea.
{"title":"Description of key aroma components of green tea and the influence of processing","authors":"Jian Zhang, Congcong Zhao, Jiaxing Lv, Guo Qiu, Hongyu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aroma types of green tea can be classified as clean, chestnut-like, floral, and others. The concentration of various aroma compounds and the OAV determine the aroma emitted by green tea. Most of the aroma components in tea are formed through four chemical pathways: carotenoids as precursors, lipids as precursors, glycosides as precursors, and the Maillard reaction pathway. The manufacturing process of green tea usually involves spreading, fixation, rolling, and drying. Most of the changes in aroma composition occur during this process. Fixation is a crucial step, and the type of green tea obtained will vary depending on the fixation method used. Variations in processing methods and technological parameters can lead to changes in the major aromatic components. In recent years, research on the aroma components of green tea has gradually increased, but there has not been sufficient systematic elaboration on the changes that occur during its processing. In this paper, the key aroma components in various types of green tea were reviewed, and it summarizes the impact of technology on the aroma components in green tea. This provides a theoretical reference for subsequent research on the characteristics flavoring compositions in tea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107376
Wenxiu Yue , Yangyang Bai , Hélder Oliveira , Nuno Mateus , Fuliang Han , Xinyuan Ma , Qiaomin Chen , Hongjuan Li , Weiqiang Zhang , Yongqiang Liu
The compositional and sensory characterization of Chinese Vidal ice wines that were produced from three grades of pressed must (light, medium, and heavy) was studied with the final goal of evaluating the influence of pressing on ice wine quality. Results showed that light pressing gave ice wine more sweetness and an intense “baked” aroma by increasing α-terpineol and fractions of esters. Medium pressing stabilized the color and aroma compounds such as aldehydes and terpenes across vintages, which may help to delay the degradation of ice wine quality during aging in bottles. In addition, heavy pressing provided a desirable sugar/acid ratio for experienced consumers and imparted ice wine with strong “drupe” and “tropical fruits” aroma traits by altering the content of fatty acids and terpenes. These findings enrich our knowledge about how the pressing impacts the quality of ice wine, providing meaningful information for us to produce ice wine in different quality levels or styles.
{"title":"Effect of pressing on the compositional and sensory characterization of Vidal ice wine at Huanren County in China","authors":"Wenxiu Yue , Yangyang Bai , Hélder Oliveira , Nuno Mateus , Fuliang Han , Xinyuan Ma , Qiaomin Chen , Hongjuan Li , Weiqiang Zhang , Yongqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compositional and sensory characterization of Chinese Vidal ice wines that were produced from three grades of pressed must (light, medium, and heavy) was studied with the final goal of evaluating the influence of pressing on ice wine quality. Results showed that light pressing gave ice wine more sweetness and an intense “baked” aroma by increasing α-terpineol and fractions of esters. Medium pressing stabilized the color and aroma compounds such as aldehydes and terpenes across vintages, which may help to delay the degradation of ice wine quality during aging in bottles. In addition, heavy pressing provided a desirable sugar/acid ratio for experienced consumers and imparted ice wine with strong “drupe” and “tropical fruits” aroma traits by altering the content of fatty acids and terpenes. These findings enrich our knowledge about how the pressing impacts the quality of ice wine, providing meaningful information for us to produce ice wine in different quality levels or styles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107353
Zhibin Duan , Yu Zheng , Haosen Chen , Shuli Liu , Yan Xie , Haiyan Liu , Yin Hu , Yan Li
Research on the influence of gut microbiota on cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) bioaccessibility in leafy vegetables and the associated health risk is limited. This study applied in vitro-simulated digestion coupled with a human colon microbiota culture model to determine the bioaccessibility of Cd and Pb in leafy vegetables across different digestion phases. Compared with those of the gastric phase, the bioaccessibility values for the small intestinal phase varied, either decreased by 1.2–2.8-fold for Cd or increased by 1.0–3.6-fold for Pb. Notably, substantial reductions in the bioaccessibility of Cd and Pb were observed during colon incubation with gut microbiota, likely due to the immobilization of these elements by gut microbiota through adsorption, complexation and precipitation. Furthermore, the health risk assessment (HRA) showed that estimating the health risk of Cd and Pb based solely on their total concentrations in leafy vegetables could lead to overestimation. In contrast, a bioaccessibility-corrected HRA, which incorporates the bioaccessibility of Cd and Pb after ingestion, provided a more accurate risk assessment for leafy vegetable consumption. Importantly, the bioaccessibility-corrected HRA for both the small intestinal and colon phases indicated no apparent health risk for either adults or children. Collectively, these findings highlight the crucial role of gut microbiota in modulating Cd and Pb bioaccessibility after oral exposure, potentially mitigating the associated health risk. Therefore, targeted interventions aimed at modulating gut microbiota may serve as a potential strategy to alleviate the health risk posed by metal-induced toxicity from Cd and Pb in humans.
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