Journal of energy storage最新文献_第7页

A modeling approach for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway from the perspective of separator shrinkage characteristics 从隔膜收缩特性角度看锂离子电池热失控的建模方法

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114059

The safety concerns triggered by thermal runaway (TR) are the major obstacle to the large-scale commercialization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In essence, TR is an electrical-thermal coupling process involving the interaction between internal short circuits (ISC) and exothermic reactions. Nevertheless, most existing models primarily focus on exothermic decomposition reactions and temperature prediction during TR, while overlooking the modeling of ISC behavior from a mechanistic perspective. This paper proposes a novel modeling approach that defines the ISC state of the battery through the degree of separator shrinkage. Firstly, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) experiments are performed on the separator to ascertain its thermal shrinkage characteristics. Following this, a shrinkage function is constructed to quantitatively describe the thermal shrinkage of the separator. Subsequently, the ISC conductivity as a function of separator shrinkage degree is integrated into the electrical-thermal coupling model. Consequently, the model can quantitatively assess ISC behavior resulting from separator shrinkage or melting. The average relative error of the model for voltage and temperature prediction is 0.57 % and 1.8 %, respectively. This indicates that the model can accurately capture the electrical-thermal coupling characteristics and ISC state of LIBs. This work presents a novel perspective on the mechanism research of TR and model-based TR warning.

热失控（TR）引发的安全问题是锂离子电池（LIB）大规模商业化的主要障碍。从本质上讲，热失控是一个电热耦合过程，涉及内部短路（ISC）和放热反应之间的相互作用。然而，大多数现有模型主要关注放热分解反应和 TR 期间的温度预测，而忽略了从机理角度对 ISC 行为的建模。本文提出了一种新型建模方法，通过隔膜收缩程度来定义电池的 ISC 状态。首先，对隔膜进行差示扫描量热计 (DSC) 实验，以确定其热收缩特性。然后，构建收缩函数，定量描述隔膜的热收缩情况。随后，作为分离器收缩程度函数的 ISC 传导率被整合到电热耦合模型中。因此，该模型可以定量评估分离器收缩或熔化导致的 ISC 行为。该模型在电压和温度预测方面的平均相对误差分别为 0.57 % 和 1.8 %。这表明该模型能够准确捕捉锂电池的电热耦合特性和 ISC 状态。这项工作为 TR 的机理研究和基于模型的 TR 警告提供了一个新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Research on multi-time scale optimization of integrated energy system based on multiple energy storage 基于多储能的综合能源系统多时间尺度优化研究

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.113892

To address the challenge of source-load imbalance arising from the low consumption of renewable energy and fluctuations in user load, this study proposes a multi-time scale optimization strategy for an integrated energy system equipped with multiple energy storage components. The strategy introduces a comprehensive three-stage optimization method labeled “Day-ahead - Day-intra rolling - Real-time peak regulation and frequency modulation.” This approach systematically optimizes the output plans for each equipment within the system across distinct stages. The time-scale of day-ahead optimization is 4 h, day-intra optimization is 15 min, and real-time refinement is 1 min. In real-time planning, SC equipment is incorporated into the output plan for each day-intra equipment schedule, employing VMD frequency division technology and a fuzzy control strategy. The system's differential power is segregated into high-frequency and low-frequency signals, and both energy storage and power storage equipment are recalibrated. Through this process, the study determines the optimal storage capacity for the entire system. The results show that the charge and discharge cost of the lithium battery can be saved 89.45 % by increasing the SC in the real-time optimization stage, and the charge and discharge times are reduced from 268 to 23 times. Under the optimal storage device capacity solved, the capacity of the SC can reach the upper and lower limits several times by working for 24 h on a 1 min time scale. To the greatest extent, the capacity waste problem caused by excessive capacity setting is avoided. The optimized configuration and operation method designed in this paper can effectively reduce the capacity redundancy of the system energy storage equipment, and reduce the daily operation cost of the whole system.

为应对可再生能源低消耗和用户负荷波动带来的源-荷失衡挑战，本研究提出了一种针对配备多个储能组件的综合能源系统的多时间尺度优化策略。该策略引入了一种全面的三阶段优化方法，即 "日前-日内滚动-实时调峰调频"。这种方法系统地优化了系统内各设备在不同阶段的输出计划。日前优化的时间范围为 4 小时，日内优化为 15 分钟，实时细化为 1 分钟。在实时规划中，采用 VMD 分频技术和模糊控制策略，将 SC 设备纳入各日内设备计划的输出计划。系统的差分功率被分离为高频信号和低频信号，储能设备和储电设备都被重新校准。通过这一过程，研究确定了整个系统的最佳储能容量。结果表明，在实时优化阶段增加 SC，锂电池的充放电成本可节省 89.45%，充放电时间从 268 次减少到 23 次。在最优存储设备容量求解的情况下，以 1 分钟为时间尺度工作 24 小时，SC 的容量可多次达到上下限。最大程度地避免了因容量设置过大而造成的容量浪费问题。本文设计的优化配置和运行方法可有效减少系统储能设备的容量冗余，降低整个系统的日常运行成本。

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引用次数: 0

Impedance modelling and stability improvement for high frequency isolated power conversion system based on dual active bridge 基于双主动桥的高频隔离式电源转换系统的阻抗建模和稳定性改进

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114119

Two-stage high frequency isolated power conversion system integrated with dual active bridges is a preferable choice to serve as a bidirectional interface between the battery packs and utility in battery energy storage applications. When connecting into weak grid, small signal instability caused by the interaction between power electronics converter and non-ideal utility is of great concern for battery energy storage system. In order to carry out stability analysis, the impedance model based method is widely adopted. However, conventional impedance model is assumed as an approximation by omitting the dynamic feature of DC-link and front-stage converter. This is no longer appropriate for two-stage high frequency isolated power conversion system. Therefore, this paper establishes a more complete impedance model for high frequency isolated power conversion system. The impact of front stage dual active bridges converter and DC-link is carefully examined and taken into account. Generalized Nyquist Criterion is employed to determine the stability of the cascaded system. Moreover, by involving Hankel method, this paper presents a grid oscillation frequency detection algorithm and suppression approach based on proportional-resonant controllers integrated with on-line parameter adjustment function. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified based on a down-scaled three-phase high frequency isolated power conversion system prototype rated at 500 W. The experimental results confirm the correctness of the impedance model and feasibility of stability enhancement algorithm presented in this paper.

在电池储能应用中，作为电池组与市电之间的双向接口，集成了双有源电桥的两级高频隔离电源转换系统是一种可取的选择。在接入弱电网时，电力电子转换器与非理想市电之间的相互作用导致的小信号不稳定性是电池储能系统非常关注的问题。为了进行稳定性分析，基于阻抗模型的方法被广泛采用。然而，传统的阻抗模型只是一种近似假设，忽略了直流链路和前级转换器的动态特性。这已不适合两级高频隔离电源转换系统。因此，本文为高频隔离电源转换系统建立了一个更完整的阻抗模型。本文仔细研究并考虑了前级双主动桥式转换器和直流链路的影响。采用广义奈奎斯特准则来确定级联系统的稳定性。此外，通过汉克尔方法，本文提出了一种基于比例-谐振控制器的电网振荡频率检测算法和抑制方法，并集成了在线参数调整功能。实验结果证实了本文提出的阻抗模型的正确性和稳定性增强算法的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Augmentation of the energy storage potential by harnessing the defects of charcoal for supercapacitor application 利用木炭的缺陷增强超级电容器的储能潜力

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114092

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves coupled with an avalanche in the global energy demand has driven the need for developing facile techniques for energy storage devices to a large extent. Supercapacitors, has emerged as one of the most promising energy storage devices to address the demands of providing high energy density, quick charge discharge cycles and long cyclic stability. Although carbon based materials play an imperative role in the fabrication of electrode material of this device, the inherent defects are known to hinder the performance of the system. Even so, these defects can be engineered in a way to improve its overall functionality. The present work reports the tuning of the inherent defects of wood charcoal by surface functionalisation and doping via thermal annealing in order to incorporate substitutional impurities such as Nitrogen and Sulfur resulting in the improvement of the surface area and porosity of the system. The specific surface area of the system is observed to increase significantly from 4.2 m²/g of the bare material to 411.19 m²/g and 865.36 m²/g with the addition of Nitrogen and Sulfur respectively at a pyrolysis temperature of 900 °C. Furthermore, the incorporation of Nitrogen exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 567 F/g and 193.24 F/g, and the addition of Sulfur exhibits 644 F/g and 255.1 F/g in the three-electrode and two-electrode systems respectively at a current density of 1 A/g. They also exhibit an energy density of 26.83 Whkg⁻¹ and 17.36 Whkg⁻¹ respectively with a capacitance retention of 88.5 % and 86.1 % for 5000 cycles.

化石燃料储备的枯竭和全球能源需求的急剧增长，在很大程度上推动了开发储能设备简便技术的需求。超级电容器已成为最有前途的储能设备之一，可满足提供高能量密度、快速充放电循环和长周期稳定性的要求。虽然碳基材料在该设备电极材料的制造中发挥着重要作用，但众所周知，其固有缺陷会阻碍该系统的性能。即便如此，这些缺陷也可以通过工程设计来改善其整体功能。本研究报告介绍了通过表面功能化和热退火掺杂来调整木炭固有缺陷的方法，以便加入氮和硫等替代杂质，从而改善系统的表面积和孔隙率。在 900 °C 的热解温度下，观察到该体系的比表面积从裸材料的 4.2 m2/g 显著增加到 411.19 m2/g 和 865.36 m2/g。此外，在电流密度为 1 A/g 的三电极和两电极系统中，氮的加入显示出 567 F/g 和 193.24 F/g 的显著比电容，而硫的加入则分别显示出 644 F/g 和 255.1 F/g。它们的能量密度分别为 26.83 Whkg-1 和 17.36 Whkg-1，5000 次循环的电容保持率分别为 88.5 % 和 86.1 %。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of high surface area activated carbon from banana peels biomass for zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor 利用香蕉皮生物质合成锌离子混合超级电容器用高比表面活性炭

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114088

The race to achieve cost-effective power sources has led to intense research to explore natural sources, and biomass sources are the front-runners. In this work, the chemical activation of the banana peel was carried out using phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) to develop a high-performance zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor (ZIHSC). SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) morphology of chemically activated BP-H₃PO₄ materials revealed a nano-porous structure, and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) further corroborates the enhancement in surface area (218.339 m² g⁻¹) of banana peel biochar. The process yields a low synthesis cost due to the facile conversion of biomass to biochar and activated biochar. The phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) treated banana peel for the ZIHSC device showed an excellent specific capacitance of 228 F g⁻¹ (1 mV s⁻¹, scan rate), an energy density of 120 Wh Kg⁻¹, and a specific capacity of 73.98 mAh g⁻¹ (0.1 A g⁻¹, current density). The two-electrode Swagelok-based ZIHSC cell retains incredible capacity retention after 50,000 charge and discharge cycles.

为实现具有成本效益的电源，人们对天然资源进行了深入研究，而生物质资源则是其中的佼佼者。在这项研究中，利用磷酸（H3PO4）对香蕉皮进行了化学活化，从而开发出一种高性能锌离子混合超级电容器（ZIHSC）。化学活化 BP-H3PO4 材料的 SEM（扫描电子显微镜）形态显示出一种纳米多孔结构，BET（布鲁纳-艾美特-泰勒）进一步证实了香蕉皮生物炭表面积的增加（218.339 m2 g-1）。由于生物质很容易转化为生物炭和活性生物炭，因此该工艺的合成成本很低。经磷酸（H3PO4）处理的香蕉皮用于 ZIHSC 设备，显示出 228 F g-1 的出色比电容（扫描速率为 1 mV s-1）、120 Wh Kg-1 的能量密度和 73.98 mAh g-1 的比容量（电流密度为 0.1 A g-1）。基于世伟洛克的双电极 ZIHSC 电池在经过 50,000 次充放电循环后仍能保持惊人的容量。

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引用次数: 0

In-situ doped Zn2+ modified MnO molecular structure to achieve the ultrahigh capacity aqueous zinc ion batteries 原位掺杂 Zn2+ 修饰 MnO 分子结构，实现超高容量锌离子水电池

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114019

Faintly acidic Zn-MnO_X batteries has been ultra-discussed as a focal point of the scientific community due to the rich natural resources and advanced industrial lines. However, its variable valence state and complex crystal structure can lead to the collapse of crystal phase structure and Mn dissolution in electrolyte. Herein, a Zn²⁺ doped Mn₃O₄ on carbon nanosheet arrays (Zn-Mn₃O₄/CNA) has been developed by calcination and electrochemical deposition. The Zn²⁺ insertion can make the structure will not collapse during the transition from spinel structure (Mn₃O₄) to layered structure (MnO₂). The carbon nanosheet arrays can improve the electric conductivity of electrochemical interface and easily in situ electrochemical deposition Mn₃O₄. It is worth noting that the Zn-Mn₃O₄/CNA cathode shows high-capacity of 316 mAh g⁻¹ and energy density of 420.8 Wh kg⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹. Besides, its capacity retention can reach 76.3 % after 600 cycles. This work proves that cationic doping can effectively suppress the Jahn-Teller effect and promote zinc ion diffusion during discharge.

微酸性锌锰氧化物电池因其丰富的自然资源和先进的工业生产线而成为科学界讨论的焦点。然而，其多变的价态和复杂的晶体结构会导致晶相结构坍塌和锰在电解液中的溶解。在此，我们通过煅烧和电化学沉积的方法，在碳纳米片阵列上制备了掺杂 Zn2+ 的 Mn3O4（Zn-Mn3O4/CNA）。Zn2+ 的插入可使结构在从尖晶石结构（Mn3O4）向层状结构（MnO2）过渡时不会坍塌。碳纳米片阵列可以改善电化学界面的导电性，易于原位电化学沉积 Mn3O4。值得注意的是，Zn-Mn3O4/CNA 阴极在 0.1 A g-1 的条件下显示出 316 mAh g-1 的高容量和 420.8 Wh kg-1 的能量密度。此外，经过 600 次循环后，其容量保持率可达 76.3%。这项研究证明，阳离子掺杂能有效抑制贾恩-泰勒效应，促进锌离子在放电过程中的扩散。

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引用次数: 0

A versatile electrolyte additive enabling highly reversible Zn anode in aqueous zinc-ion batteries 一种多功能电解质添加剂，使锌离子水电池中的锌阳极具有高度可逆性

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114123

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have a great application prospect in large-scale energy storage, but rampant dendrite growth and continuous side reactions cause the deterioration of zinc electrode performance. Herein, a distinctive additive, sodium p-toluene sulfonate (STS) is shown to enable stable and reversible zinc deposition. Both density functional theory (DFT) calculation and experimental observation demonstrate that STS additive not only can modulate solvation structure to reduce the number of active water molecules, but also is preferentially adsorbed on the Zn(101) plane and guide the preferentially growth of the Zn(002) plane. Moreover, the water-poor electric double layer (EDL) formed on the Zn anode and the reduction of pH value of the electrolyte caused by STS have a positive effect on the inhibition of side reactions. Moreover, the formation of hydrophobic layer and the regulation of pH have a positive effect on the inhibition of side reactions. Consequently, the cycle life of corresponding Zn//Zn symmetric battery with STS additive can reach up to 3500 h at 1 mA cm⁻² /1 mAh cm⁻², and >900 h at 5 mA cm⁻² /5 mAh cm⁻². Moreover, the STS additive endows the Zn//MnO₂ full cell to achieve an excellent capacity retention rate of 78 % over 800 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹.

水溶液锌离子电池（AZIBs）在大规模储能方面具有广阔的应用前景，但枝晶的大量生长和持续的副反应会导致锌电极性能下降。在本文中，一种独特的添加剂对甲苯磺酸钠（STS）可实现稳定、可逆的锌沉积。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算和实验观察均表明，STS 添加剂不仅能调节溶解结构以减少活性水分子的数量，而且能优先吸附在 Zn(101) 平面上，并引导 Zn(002) 平面优先生长。此外，STS 在锌阳极上形成的贫水双电层（EDL）和电解液 pH 值的降低对抑制副反应也有积极作用。此外，疏水层的形成和 pH 值的调节对抑制副反应也有积极作用。因此，使用 STS 添加剂的相应锌/锌对称电池在 1 mA cm-2 /1 mAh cm-2 条件下的循环寿命可达 3500 h，在 5 mA cm-2 /5 mAh cm-2 条件下的循环寿命可达 900 h。此外，STS添加剂还使Zn//MnO2全电池在1 A g-1条件下循环800次后，容量保持率达到78%。

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引用次数: 0

A tabulation method of Li-ion Thermal Runaway mechanisms for the acceleration of high dimensional simulations 用于加速高维模拟的锂离子热失控机制列表法

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.113982

High-Fidelity numerical simulations of the Thermal Runaway (TR) phenomenon on lithium-ion batteries (LIB) depict stiff system of equations that need to be solved with extremely low time-steps to ensure numerical stability. In the present study, a methodology is presented to improve computational times and convergence of three-dimensional studies. A tabulation approach of the developed chemical kinetics models on the literature is presented to avoid the resolution of the set of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) that define the self-heating behavior of LIB under thermal degradation conditions. The desired tables have been obtained through 0-dimensional models for three different cathode materials (

{LiCoO}_{2}

, NMC111 and NCA) and the TR mechanism have been replicated with the tabulation method firstly through the 0-dimensional approach and then translated to a 3-dimensional model to ensure its functionality and assess the minimum time-step needed for performing TR simulations. The results through the tabulation method replicate almost exactly the onset temperature for the three cathode chemistry both 0-dimensonally and 3-dimensionally. Additionally, a significant speed up is reported for TR propagation studies performed, allowing time-steps three orders of magnitude larger than through traditional methods while ensuring numerical stability.

锂离子电池（LIB）热失控（TR）现象的高保真数值模拟描绘了僵硬的方程系统，需要以极低的时间步长求解，以确保数值稳定性。本研究提出了一种方法，用于提高三维研究的计算时间和收敛性。本研究提出了一种将文献中已开发的化学动力学模型列表的方法，以避免解决定义 LIB 在热降解条件下自加热行为的常微分方程组（ODE）。通过三种不同阴极材料（钴酸锂、NMC111 和 NCA）的 0 维模型获得了所需表格，并首先通过 0 维方法用表格法复制了 TR 机制，然后将其转换为 3 维模型，以确保其功能性并评估执行 TR 模拟所需的最小时间步长。制表法的结果几乎完全复制了三种阴极化学在 0 维和 3 维上的起始温度。此外，据报告，TR 传播研究的速度明显加快，在确保数值稳定性的同时，时间步长比传统方法大三个数量级。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the number of replicates required for Li-ion battery degradation testing 锂离子电池降解测试所需的重复次数分析

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114014

Aging prediction of Lithium Ion Batteries is of major importance for assessing both longevity and sustainability of any battery system. In addition to the aging itself, aging trajectories are also dependent on the cell-to-cell variability that is caused by production tolerances. To be able to accurately model and predict the aging of battery systems, researchers and manufacturers must thus take the cell-to-cell variability into account when modelling battery aging. This paper contributes to the methodology for including cell-to-cell variability in aging testing by generating empirical aging data for a large number of replicates of commercial battery cells and assessing prediction stability. The conclusion from several different methods of evaluation is that a minimum of 4 replicates is required to accurately capture cell-to-cell variability in aging testing and modelling. The typical variance for the tested cells was about 10% of the capacity lost at any given point in testing.

锂离子电池的老化预测对于评估任何电池系统的寿命和可持续性都非常重要。除了老化本身，老化轨迹还取决于生产公差造成的电池单元间的变化。因此，为了能够准确地模拟和预测电池系统的老化，研究人员和制造商在模拟电池老化时必须将电池单元间的可变性考虑在内。本文通过生成大量商用电池单元的经验老化数据并评估预测稳定性，为在老化测试中纳入电池单元间变异性的方法做出了贡献。从几种不同的评估方法中得出的结论是，要在老化测试和建模中准确捕捉电池单元间的变异性，至少需要 4 个重复。测试电池的典型差异约为测试中任何给定点所损失容量的 10%。

引用次数: 0

Application of PCM for radiant heating of residential buildings in Canada towards achieving nearly zero energy buildings 在加拿大住宅建筑中应用 PCM 辐射供暖，实现近零能耗建筑

IF 8.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of energy storage

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114030

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of using a thermal energy storage system consisting of an active layer inside the walls, embedded in a layer of PCM, for a residential building in Toronto on the annual savings of heating energy. The energy of the active layer is supplied by a solar collector integrated with a thermal energy storage tank, and the PCM helps to regulate the temperature of the water flowing inside the active layer pipes during the times when its temperature starts falling. The modeling and simulation of the entire system were performed in TRNSYS software. A parametric study was also conducted, focusing on the impact of the piping configuration layout on its thermal performance for energy savings. The obtained results indicate that using only an active layer inside each wall, with a diameter of 3 cm and spacing of 11 cm, would result in a 65 % annual energy saving. Additionally, embedding these pipes in a layer of PCM with a thickness of 12 cm can lead to further annual energy savings of 27 %. This means that using this system for a building in Toronto can achieve annual heating energy savings of 92 %, equivalent to a reduction from 14,400 MJ to 1012 MJ throughout a year. Furthermore, a cost analysis of the proposed model over its 25-year lifespan was conducted, showing a payback period of 22 years.

本研究的目的是调查在多伦多的一栋住宅楼中使用热能储存系统对每年节省供暖能源的影响，该系统由墙壁内嵌一层 PCM 的活性层组成。活性层的能量由集成了热能储存罐的太阳能集热器提供，而 PCM 则有助于在水温开始下降时调节活性层管道内的水温。整个系统的建模和仿真是在 TRNSYS 软件中进行的。此外，还进行了参数研究，重点关注管道配置布局对其热性能的影响，以实现节能。研究结果表明，仅在每面墙内使用一个直径为 3 厘米、间距为 11 厘米的有源层，每年就可节约 65% 的能源。此外，将这些管道嵌入厚度为 12 厘米的 PCM 层中，每年还可节约 27% 的能源。这意味着，在多伦多的一栋建筑中使用该系统，每年可节约 92% 的供暖能源，相当于将全年的供暖能源从 14 400 兆焦耳减少到 1012 兆焦耳。此外，我们还对所建议的模型进行了 25 年使用寿命的成本分析，结果显示投资回收期为 22 年。

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引用次数: 0