Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.201013.OR.094
S. Adekunle, W. F. Sule, D. Oluwayelu
Objective: Few studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) seroprevalence have focused on low-resource areas where highest HPV DNA prevalence in the world occurs. This study aimed to assess the level of susceptibility to the most common low- and high-risk HPVs of sexually active women of childbearing age attending Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 91 such women (range 16-40, mean age 29.35 years) were consecutively recruited, after they had given consents to participate in the study. With interviewer-administered questionnaire, we collected pertinent demographic/behavioral data, and about 5 ml blood samples (aseptically) from each woman. Serum of each sample was assayed for HPV-6, -11, -16 and -18 virus-like particles using a HPV IgG ELISA kit. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: We observed a high overall anti-HPV seronegativity of 93.4% among the women. Group-specific seronegativity was also high ranging from 86-100%. Though the mean age of the 3 age-groups (16-18, 19-30 and 31-40 years) significantly differed, none of their variables showed statistical association with the seronegativity. Conclusions: With our observations of low evidence (6.6% seropositivity) of natural exposure of the women to the studied HPVs and their low level of enlightenment regarding HPV infection and its attendant consequences, we recommend a statewide enlightenment campaign and adequate vaccination with quadrivalent HPV vaccine of sexually active females.
{"title":"High negativity of IgG antibodies against human papillomavirus type 6, 11, 16 and 18 virus-like particles in healthy women of childbearing age -","authors":"S. Adekunle, W. F. Sule, D. Oluwayelu","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.201013.OR.094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.201013.OR.094","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Few studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) seroprevalence have focused on low-resource areas where highest HPV DNA prevalence in the world occurs. This study aimed to assess the level of susceptibility to the most common low- and high-risk HPVs of sexually active women of childbearing age attending Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 91 such women (range 16-40, mean age 29.35 years) were consecutively recruited, after they had given consents to participate in the study. With interviewer-administered questionnaire, we collected pertinent demographic/behavioral data, and about 5 ml blood samples (aseptically) from each woman. Serum of each sample was assayed for HPV-6, -11, -16 and -18 virus-like particles using a HPV IgG ELISA kit. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: We observed a high overall anti-HPV seronegativity of 93.4% among the women. Group-specific seronegativity was also high ranging from 86-100%. Though the mean age of the 3 age-groups (16-18, 19-30 and 31-40 years) significantly differed, none of their variables showed statistical association with the seronegativity. Conclusions: With our observations of low evidence (6.6% seropositivity) of natural exposure of the women to the studied HPVs and their low level of enlightenment regarding HPV infection and its attendant consequences, we recommend a statewide enlightenment campaign and adequate vaccination with quadrivalent HPV vaccine of sexually active females.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"4 16 1","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90281588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.060414.OR.100
A. Benyahia-Mostefaoui, F. Dehiba, A. Boualga, D. Taleb-Senouci, M. Lamri-Senhadji
Objective: The effect of milk lipids compared to sardine oil on antioxidant enzymes activities was evaluated in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 8 for each). Two experimental groups received a 20% casein diet combined with 5% milk lipids or sardine oil and 1% cholesterol for 4 weeks. The control group was fed a standard diet without cholesterol. Results: In red blood cells, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 1.4- and 1.3-fold higher in the milk lipids group compared to the sardine oil and control groups, respectively. In tissues, SOD activity was respectively 2.5- and 1.8-fold lower in heart and aorta, but 1.2- fold higher in liver of rats fed milk lipids compared to those fed sardine oil. In milk lipids group, liver glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activities were respectively 2.5- and 1.2- fold lower compared to sardine oil group. In contrast, liver and heart glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were respectively 1.2- and 2.3-fold higher. In aorta, milk lipids decreased SOD, GR, GSH-Px, and CAT activities and the values were respectively 1.8-, 1.7-, 1.2- and 1.5-fold lower than those found in the sardine oil group. Brain GSH-Px and CAT activities were respectively increased by 1.2- and 1.9-fold in the milk lipids group compared with the sardine oil. Milk lipids improved lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity (2.5-fold) when compared with sardine oil. However, serum paraoxonase (PON)1 activity was 2-fold lower in milk lipids group vs control whereas, compared with the sardine oil group, PON1 activity had a tendency to decrease, but not significantly. Conclusion: This study shows that milk lipids and sardine oil intake modulate differently enzymatic antioxidant defense in hypercholesterolemic rats. Milk lipids improve reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver by enhancing LCAT activity, leading to anti-atherogenic effects.
{"title":"Milk lipids and sardine oil intake modulate differently enzymatic antioxidant defense in rats fed an atherogenic diet","authors":"A. Benyahia-Mostefaoui, F. Dehiba, A. Boualga, D. Taleb-Senouci, M. Lamri-Senhadji","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.060414.OR.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.060414.OR.100","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The effect of milk lipids compared to sardine oil on antioxidant enzymes activities was evaluated in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 8 for each). Two experimental groups received a 20% casein diet combined with 5% milk lipids or sardine oil and 1% cholesterol for 4 weeks. The control group was fed a standard diet without cholesterol. Results: In red blood cells, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 1.4- and 1.3-fold higher in the milk lipids group compared to the sardine oil and control groups, respectively. In tissues, SOD activity was respectively 2.5- and 1.8-fold lower in heart and aorta, but 1.2- fold higher in liver of rats fed milk lipids compared to those fed sardine oil. In milk lipids group, liver glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activities were respectively 2.5- and 1.2- fold lower compared to sardine oil group. In contrast, liver and heart glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were respectively 1.2- and 2.3-fold higher. In aorta, milk lipids decreased SOD, GR, GSH-Px, and CAT activities and the values were respectively 1.8-, 1.7-, 1.2- and 1.5-fold lower than those found in the sardine oil group. Brain GSH-Px and CAT activities were respectively increased by 1.2- and 1.9-fold in the milk lipids group compared with the sardine oil. Milk lipids improved lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity (2.5-fold) when compared with sardine oil. However, serum paraoxonase (PON)1 activity was 2-fold lower in milk lipids group vs control whereas, compared with the sardine oil group, PON1 activity had a tendency to decrease, but not significantly. Conclusion: This study shows that milk lipids and sardine oil intake modulate differently enzymatic antioxidant defense in hypercholesterolemic rats. Milk lipids improve reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver by enhancing LCAT activity, leading to anti-atherogenic effects.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"115-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79366126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.040814.OR.109
O. Ayanniyi, F. Adepoju, C. Mbada
Objective: Balance control and motor assessments are not a routine procedure in children with hearing impairment. This study compared static and dynamic balance of school children with and without hearing impairment. Methods: This two-group study involved 160 school children, i.e. 80 hearing impaired having stimulus intensity values of 30 dB or greater and 80 control, aged between 8 and 17 years. One leg stance test and functional reach test were used to assess static and dynamic balance, respectively. Data were summarized using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results: Both eyes closed and eyes opened static balances were significantly lower among hearing impaired than the normal hearing subjects. Dynamic balance was higher among the hearing impaired but was not statistically significant. There was no significant correlation between eyes closed and eyes opened static balance among the hearing impaired and the normal hearing subjects, respectively. No significant correlation was found between dynamic and static balance among the hearing impaired and normal hearing subjects, respectively. Conclusion: Children with hearing impairment perform poorly on static balance tests compared with their normal hearing subjects, while dynamic balance was comparable between both groups of subjects. Balance training program is recommended for children with hearing impairment who present movement and stability deficits.
{"title":"Static and dynamic balance in school children with and without hearing impairment","authors":"O. Ayanniyi, F. Adepoju, C. Mbada","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.040814.OR.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.040814.OR.109","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Balance control and motor assessments are not a routine procedure in children with hearing impairment. This study compared static and dynamic balance of school children with and without hearing impairment. Methods: This two-group study involved 160 school children, i.e. 80 hearing impaired having stimulus intensity values of 30 dB or greater and 80 control, aged between 8 and 17 years. One leg stance test and functional reach test were used to assess static and dynamic balance, respectively. Data were summarized using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results: Both eyes closed and eyes opened static balances were significantly lower among hearing impaired than the normal hearing subjects. Dynamic balance was higher among the hearing impaired but was not statistically significant. There was no significant correlation between eyes closed and eyes opened static balance among the hearing impaired and the normal hearing subjects, respectively. No significant correlation was found between dynamic and static balance among the hearing impaired and normal hearing subjects, respectively. Conclusion: Children with hearing impairment perform poorly on static balance tests compared with their normal hearing subjects, while dynamic balance was comparable between both groups of subjects. Balance training program is recommended for children with hearing impairment who present movement and stability deficits.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"245-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82314304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.290913.OR.092
Malba E. A. Tavares, J. L. Barros, T. E. V. Lemos, Gerson J. N. Ferraz, J. M. Zeitune, J. Ferraz, Paula R. S. Camara
Objective: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension is a frequent complication that potentially modifies the survival of these patients. This phenomenon may occur due to excessive endotoxin translocation, leading to system debugging liver overload, and systemic endotoxemia, with excessive production of mediators by immune cells. The presence of these inflammatory mediators may increase the susceptibility of gastric mucosa to lesions induced by various damaging agents. As such, this study aimed to determine the resistance of portal hypertensive gastric mucosa to endotoxin and ethanol stimulation. Methods: Portal hypertension was induced in rats by bile duct ligation or portal vein stenosis (PVS) while controls underwent a sham operation. The effect of endotoxin on the gastric mucosa was evaluated by acute or chronic LPS treatment. Ethanol-induced damage was assessed using ex vivo gastric chamber experiments. Gastric blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Results: Acute LPS treatment intensified the ethanol-induced gastric damage in the healthy (control) group in a dose-dependent manner (0.3-3 mg/kg). In contrast, the gastric mucosa of the PVS group presented tolerance after a single dose of LPS (3 mg/kg). Chronic LPS treatment (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced the gastric mucosal lesion area in both the PVS and control groups. Additionally, the cirrhotic animals were found not to survive the minimum dose of LPS. Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic LPS treatment induces adaptative cytoprotection to ethanol-induced injury in the gastric mucosa of PVS and healthy rats; however, acute LPS treatment increases mortality in cirrhotic rats.
{"title":"Lipopolysaccharide treatment induces adaptive cytoprotection in the portal hypertensive gastric mucosa of rats","authors":"Malba E. A. Tavares, J. L. Barros, T. E. V. Lemos, Gerson J. N. Ferraz, J. M. Zeitune, J. Ferraz, Paula R. S. Camara","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.290913.OR.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.290913.OR.092","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension is a frequent complication that potentially modifies the survival of these patients. This phenomenon may occur due to excessive endotoxin translocation, leading to system debugging liver overload, and systemic endotoxemia, with excessive production of mediators by immune cells. The presence of these inflammatory mediators may increase the susceptibility of gastric mucosa to lesions induced by various damaging agents. As such, this study aimed to determine the resistance of portal hypertensive gastric mucosa to endotoxin and ethanol stimulation. Methods: Portal hypertension was induced in rats by bile duct ligation or portal vein stenosis (PVS) while controls underwent a sham operation. The effect of endotoxin on the gastric mucosa was evaluated by acute or chronic LPS treatment. Ethanol-induced damage was assessed using ex vivo gastric chamber experiments. Gastric blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Results: Acute LPS treatment intensified the ethanol-induced gastric damage in the healthy (control) group in a dose-dependent manner (0.3-3 mg/kg). In contrast, the gastric mucosa of the PVS group presented tolerance after a single dose of LPS (3 mg/kg). Chronic LPS treatment (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced the gastric mucosal lesion area in both the PVS and control groups. Additionally, the cirrhotic animals were found not to survive the minimum dose of LPS. Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic LPS treatment induces adaptative cytoprotection to ethanol-induced injury in the gastric mucosa of PVS and healthy rats; however, acute LPS treatment increases mortality in cirrhotic rats.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87852808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.240914.OR.111
Chinwe O. Ewenighi, U. Dimkpa, J. Onyeanusi, Linus U. M. Onoh, Gladys O. Onoh, B. Adejumo, Ferdinand Ominyi, U. Ezeugwu, I. C. Ifeyinwa, Agbapuonwu Noreen Ebelechukwu, N. Okorie
Objective: The present work aimed to determine the electrolyte and urinalysis pattern among vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) patients admitted into the National Obstetric Fistula Center (NOFC), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Method: Twenty VVF patients (mean age 27.65 ± 5.44) from the VVF Unit of NOFC and twenty apparently healthy controls (mean age 25.85 ± 1.66) from the Medical Laboratory Science Department, Ebonyi State University, were recruited for the study. Serum concentrations of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl ) and bicarbonate (HCO3 ) were analyzed by the ion-selective electrode method while urine analysis was done using urinalysis strips. Results: VVF patients indicated significantly higher K+ and Cl levels but lower Na+ level when compared with their controls. Bicarbonate level was found to be insignificantly higher in VVF patients when compared with controls. Urine analysis showed higher but insignificant differences in the frequencies of hematuria, urobilinogenuria, bilirubinuria, proteinuria, nitrite, ascorbic acid and glucosuria between the control group and VVF patients. The presence of cloudy urine was significantly higher in the VVF patients compared to the controls. Conclusion: The present study indicated significantly higher levels of K+, Cl and lower level of Na+ in VVF patients when compared with the healthy controls. Furthermore, there were greater presence of protein, ascorbic acid, blood and glucose in VVF patients when compared with the control but these differences were statistically insignificant.
{"title":"Electrolyte changes and urinalysis pattern in patients with vesicovaginal fistula compared to their healthy controls","authors":"Chinwe O. Ewenighi, U. Dimkpa, J. Onyeanusi, Linus U. M. Onoh, Gladys O. Onoh, B. Adejumo, Ferdinand Ominyi, U. Ezeugwu, I. C. Ifeyinwa, Agbapuonwu Noreen Ebelechukwu, N. Okorie","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.240914.OR.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.240914.OR.111","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present work aimed to determine the electrolyte and urinalysis pattern among vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) patients admitted into the National Obstetric Fistula Center (NOFC), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Method: Twenty VVF patients (mean age 27.65 ± 5.44) from the VVF Unit of NOFC and twenty apparently healthy controls (mean age 25.85 ± 1.66) from the Medical Laboratory Science Department, Ebonyi State University, were recruited for the study. Serum concentrations of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl ) and bicarbonate (HCO3 ) were analyzed by the ion-selective electrode method while urine analysis was done using urinalysis strips. Results: VVF patients indicated significantly higher K+ and Cl levels but lower Na+ level when compared with their controls. Bicarbonate level was found to be insignificantly higher in VVF patients when compared with controls. Urine analysis showed higher but insignificant differences in the frequencies of hematuria, urobilinogenuria, bilirubinuria, proteinuria, nitrite, ascorbic acid and glucosuria between the control group and VVF patients. The presence of cloudy urine was significantly higher in the VVF patients compared to the controls. Conclusion: The present study indicated significantly higher levels of K+, Cl and lower level of Na+ in VVF patients when compared with the healthy controls. Furthermore, there were greater presence of protein, ascorbic acid, blood and glucose in VVF patients when compared with the control but these differences were statistically insignificant.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"232-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88544369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.210414.RW.007
S. Halder, M. Bhattacharyya
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous disease processes, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, ischemia reperfusion injury, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases as well as in the aging process. Chemical modification of amino acids in protein during lipid peroxidation (LPO) results in the formation of lipoxidation products, which may serve as indicators of oxidative stress in vivo. The various types of aldehydes such as 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, acrolein and others produced during LPO may serve as potent oxidative stress biomarkers. Their activation in different signaling cascades lead to apoptosis, differentiation, proliferation, etc., Increased amount of these aldehydes in aging or with metabolic complications or in other diseases indicate their pathophysiological significance. Thus, LPO products or other oxidative stress biomarkers may open the way for the development of early detection, prevention, and therapeutic strategies for stress associated human diseases. Now-a-days, antioxidant supplementation has become an increasingly popular practice to restore the redox homeostatic condition of the cell. Disease specific, target directed, bioavailable antioxidants may be beneficial for sustenance of the quality-of-life in future days.
{"title":"Oxidative stress: Lipid peroxidation products as predictors in disease progression -","authors":"S. Halder, M. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.210414.RW.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.210414.RW.007","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous disease processes, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, ischemia reperfusion injury, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases as well as in the aging process. Chemical modification of amino acids in protein during lipid peroxidation (LPO) results in the formation of lipoxidation products, which may serve as indicators of oxidative stress in vivo. The various types of aldehydes such as 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, acrolein and others produced during LPO may serve as potent oxidative stress biomarkers. Their activation in different signaling cascades lead to apoptosis, differentiation, proliferation, etc., Increased amount of these aldehydes in aging or with metabolic complications or in other diseases indicate their pathophysiological significance. Thus, LPO products or other oxidative stress biomarkers may open the way for the development of early detection, prevention, and therapeutic strategies for stress associated human diseases. Now-a-days, antioxidant supplementation has become an increasingly popular practice to restore the redox homeostatic condition of the cell. Disease specific, target directed, bioavailable antioxidants may be beneficial for sustenance of the quality-of-life in future days.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"147 1","pages":"151-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86110422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.011113.HP.007
M. Irmak, Ilknur Senver Ozcelik, A. Kaya
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has increased substantially in Finland, but the exact trigger for the onset of T1D is still unknown. We know that use of amoxicillin and anti-cariogenic fluoride tablets is a common practice for children in Finland. It seems that beta-cell destruction is initiated by modification of the proinsulin by combined effects of fluoride (F2) and amoxicillin. Amoxicillin especially when used together with clavulanic acid results in an acid environment around the beta-cells that promotes the conversion of F2 to hydrogen fluoride (HF). Unlike F2, HF can diffuse easily into the beta-cell cytosol. Because the cytosol has a neutral pH, virtually all HF reverts to F2 in the cytosol and F2 cannot easily diffuse out of the cell. Exposure to excess F2 promotes proinsulin covalent dimerization and simultaneously hyperexpression of MHC Class I molecules. Proinsulin dimers then migrate to the cell membrane with MHC class I molecules, accumulate at the beta-cell membrane and produces a powerful immunogenic stimulus for the cytotoxic T-cells. Production of cytotoxic cytokines from the infiltrating T-cells initiates the destruction of beta-cells. In Finnish children, this might be helped along by a higher beta-cell activity and by a reactive thymus-dependent immune system induced by higher levels of thyroid hormones and calcitonin respectively. After repeated similar attacks, more and more effector T-cells are raised and more and more beta-cells are destroyed, and clinical diabetes occurs.
{"title":"Fluoride toxicity and new-onset diabetes in Finland: a hypothesis -","authors":"M. Irmak, Ilknur Senver Ozcelik, A. Kaya","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.011113.HP.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.011113.HP.007","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has increased substantially in Finland, but the exact trigger for the onset of T1D is still unknown. We know that use of amoxicillin and anti-cariogenic fluoride tablets is a common practice for children in Finland. It seems that beta-cell destruction is initiated by modification of the proinsulin by combined effects of fluoride (F2) and amoxicillin. Amoxicillin especially when used together with clavulanic acid results in an acid environment around the beta-cells that promotes the conversion of F2 to hydrogen fluoride (HF). Unlike F2, HF can diffuse easily into the beta-cell cytosol. Because the cytosol has a neutral pH, virtually all HF reverts to F2 in the cytosol and F2 cannot easily diffuse out of the cell. Exposure to excess F2 promotes proinsulin covalent dimerization and simultaneously hyperexpression of MHC Class I molecules. Proinsulin dimers then migrate to the cell membrane with MHC class I molecules, accumulate at the beta-cell membrane and produces a powerful immunogenic stimulus for the cytotoxic T-cells. Production of cytotoxic cytokines from the infiltrating T-cells initiates the destruction of beta-cells. In Finnish children, this might be helped along by a higher beta-cell activity and by a reactive thymus-dependent immune system induced by higher levels of thyroid hormones and calcitonin respectively. After repeated similar attacks, more and more effector T-cells are raised and more and more beta-cells are destroyed, and clinical diabetes occurs.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81304884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.071013.OR.093
S. Youssef, S. Seif
Objectives: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) or liver inflammation resulting from infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the cause of chronic liver disease and leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The burden of chronic HCV-related liver disease in Egypt continues to rise and the interaction of liver inflammation with biomarkers and response to therapy is scarcely discussed. Moreover, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) is considered as a moderately accurate test for indicating liver inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the correlation of liver inflammation with response to therapy and with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and to assess the potential efficiency of AFP as a marker for liver inflammation. Methods: The study included 134 consecutive Egyptian chronic HCV patients. Sustained virological response (SVR) was assessed by the detection of HCV by reverse polymerase reaction (PCR). Furthermore, fibrosis and necroinflammation were assessed before treatment. Results: Severe liver inflammation was significantly associated with higher pretreatment levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and AFP. AFP overcomes ALT as marker of inflammation by ROC curve analysis. Early virologic response (EVR), end-of-treatment response (ETR) and SVR was significantly higher in patients with mild inflammation than those with moderate and severe inflammation. Conclusion: Pretreatment AFP levels should be considered as a surrogate marker in predicting liver inflammation. Mild liver inflammation was more prevalent than moderate and severe inflammation in responders by means of EVR, ETR and SVR. d be considered as a surrogate marker in predicting liver inflammation. The response to therapy is more apparent in mild than moderate and severe liver inflammation by means of EVR, ETR and SVR.
{"title":"Association of liver inflammation with alpha-fetoprotein and treatment response in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 patients -","authors":"S. Youssef, S. Seif","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.071013.OR.093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.071013.OR.093","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) or liver inflammation resulting from infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the cause of chronic liver disease and leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The burden of chronic HCV-related liver disease in Egypt continues to rise and the interaction of liver inflammation with biomarkers and response to therapy is scarcely discussed. Moreover, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) is considered as a moderately accurate test for indicating liver inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the correlation of liver inflammation with response to therapy and with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and to assess the potential efficiency of AFP as a marker for liver inflammation. Methods: The study included 134 consecutive Egyptian chronic HCV patients. Sustained virological response (SVR) was assessed by the detection of HCV by reverse polymerase reaction (PCR). Furthermore, fibrosis and necroinflammation were assessed before treatment. Results: Severe liver inflammation was significantly associated with higher pretreatment levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and AFP. AFP overcomes ALT as marker of inflammation by ROC curve analysis. Early virologic response (EVR), end-of-treatment response (ETR) and SVR was significantly higher in patients with mild inflammation than those with moderate and severe inflammation. Conclusion: Pretreatment AFP levels should be considered as a surrogate marker in predicting liver inflammation. Mild liver inflammation was more prevalent than moderate and severe inflammation in responders by means of EVR, ETR and SVR. d be considered as a surrogate marker in predicting liver inflammation. The response to therapy is more apparent in mild than moderate and severe liver inflammation by means of EVR, ETR and SVR.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83567509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.010814.OR.108
D. Jain, R. Somani
Objective: The present study investigates protective effect of hesperidin on streptozotocin and high fat diet induced diabetic nephropathy in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were fed with high fat emulsion and high fat diet for 2 weeks to induce glucose intolerance and then injected with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, i.p.). Following 48 h of streptozotocin injection blood glucose level was estimated to confirm hyperglycemia. After 4 weeks of diabetes induction diabetic rats were orally treated with hesperidin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment kidney functions, oxidative stress indices, biochemical estimations and histopathological examination were carried out to assess the efficacy of the treatment. Results: Diabetic rats exhibited significant rise in blood glucose level, altered kidney functions, oxidative stress and histological abnormalities compared to control rats. Hesperidin treatment significantly reduced the elevated levels of blood glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen, total cholesterol and triglyceride when compared with diabetic control rats. Significant rise in renal hypertrophy, hyperfiltration, microalbuminuria as well as oxidative stress in the diabetic rats were effectively attenuated with hesperidin treatment, dose dependently. Moreover, basement membrane thickening and mesangial expansion observed in the kidney of diabetic rats restored near to normal structure. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that hesperidin ameliorate early diabetic nephropathy.
{"title":"Hesperidin ameliorates streptozotocin and high fat diet induced diabetic nephropathy in rats","authors":"D. Jain, R. Somani","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.010814.OR.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.010814.OR.108","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study investigates protective effect of hesperidin on streptozotocin and high fat diet induced diabetic nephropathy in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were fed with high fat emulsion and high fat diet for 2 weeks to induce glucose intolerance and then injected with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, i.p.). Following 48 h of streptozotocin injection blood glucose level was estimated to confirm hyperglycemia. After 4 weeks of diabetes induction diabetic rats were orally treated with hesperidin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment kidney functions, oxidative stress indices, biochemical estimations and histopathological examination were carried out to assess the efficacy of the treatment. Results: Diabetic rats exhibited significant rise in blood glucose level, altered kidney functions, oxidative stress and histological abnormalities compared to control rats. Hesperidin treatment significantly reduced the elevated levels of blood glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen, total cholesterol and triglyceride when compared with diabetic control rats. Significant rise in renal hypertrophy, hyperfiltration, microalbuminuria as well as oxidative stress in the diabetic rats were effectively attenuated with hesperidin treatment, dose dependently. Moreover, basement membrane thickening and mesangial expansion observed in the kidney of diabetic rats restored near to normal structure. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that hesperidin ameliorate early diabetic nephropathy.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72662063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：