Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jeim.130115.or.118
M. Kolgazi, Ünal Uslu, M. Yüksel, Ayliz Velioğlu Öğünç, F. Ercan, I. Alican
Objective: Ingestion of high doses of acetaminophen (paracetamol, N-acetyl- p -aminophenol; APAP) is known to cause toxic hepatitis. This study aimed to examine the interrelationship between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) systems in the course of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intra-peritoneally with APAP (500 mg/kg) alone or along with the non-selective NOS inhibitor N ω -Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 20 mg/kg), iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG; 8 mg/kg), non-selective COX inhibitor indomethacin (INDO; 5 mg/kg), selective COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide (NIM; 10 mg/kg) and selective COX-1 inhibitor ketorolac (KET; 5 mg/kg). 24 h after APAP administration, the liver and blood samples were collected for biochemical and morphological evaluations. Results: AG and KET prevented the increase in liver malondialdehyde levels due to APAP toxicity. Decreased liver glutathione in APAP group was prevented by all treatments except NIM. Stimulated liver myeloperoxidase activity in APAP group was attenuated by all treatments except INDO and NIM. Elevation of liver chemiluminescence, nuclear factor- κ B expression and serum alanine transferase level due to APAP overdose were also suppressed by all treatments. Conclusions: NOS and COX pathways interact in the development of hepatotoxicity due to APAP overdose.
{"title":"Interaction between nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in the development of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity -","authors":"M. Kolgazi, Ünal Uslu, M. Yüksel, Ayliz Velioğlu Öğünç, F. Ercan, I. Alican","doi":"10.5455/jeim.130115.or.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeim.130115.or.118","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Ingestion of high doses of acetaminophen (paracetamol, N-acetyl- p -aminophenol; APAP) is known to cause toxic hepatitis. This study aimed to examine the interrelationship between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) systems in the course of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intra-peritoneally with APAP (500 mg/kg) alone or along with the non-selective NOS inhibitor N ω -Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 20 mg/kg), iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG; 8 mg/kg), non-selective COX inhibitor indomethacin (INDO; 5 mg/kg), selective COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide (NIM; 10 mg/kg) and selective COX-1 inhibitor ketorolac (KET; 5 mg/kg). 24 h after APAP administration, the liver and blood samples were collected for biochemical and morphological evaluations. Results: AG and KET prevented the increase in liver malondialdehyde levels due to APAP toxicity. Decreased liver glutathione in APAP group was prevented by all treatments except NIM. Stimulated liver myeloperoxidase activity in APAP group was attenuated by all treatments except INDO and NIM. Elevation of liver chemiluminescence, nuclear factor- κ B expression and serum alanine transferase level due to APAP overdose were also suppressed by all treatments. Conclusions: NOS and COX pathways interact in the development of hepatotoxicity due to APAP overdose.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"133 1","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77896834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jeim.040315.rw.011
Vijayalakshmi B. Channaiah, S. Merrill, Sathees B. C. Chandra
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disorder which describes initial left ventricular dysfunction and symptoms of cardiac failure between the late stages of pregnancy and the first five months after delivery. PPCM is a difficult diagnosis to make because it resembles common cardiac issues that are normally experienced during pregnancy. Clinical presentation is representative of cardiac failure and is commonly misdiagnosed until further progression. This disorder is commonly seen in some regions of the world and rare in others. Proper evaluation and rapid treatment are crucial for an effective recovery. Subsequent pregnancies should be evaluated before pursuing. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the difficulties in clinical diagnosis and provide a concise and practical approach to treatment of suspected PPCM.
{"title":"Difficulties in clinical diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy","authors":"Vijayalakshmi B. Channaiah, S. Merrill, Sathees B. C. Chandra","doi":"10.5455/jeim.040315.rw.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeim.040315.rw.011","url":null,"abstract":"Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disorder which describes initial left ventricular dysfunction and symptoms of cardiac failure between the late stages of pregnancy and the first five months after delivery. PPCM is a difficult diagnosis to make because it resembles common cardiac issues that are normally experienced during pregnancy. Clinical presentation is representative of cardiac failure and is commonly misdiagnosed until further progression. This disorder is commonly seen in some regions of the world and rare in others. Proper evaluation and rapid treatment are crucial for an effective recovery. Subsequent pregnancies should be evaluated before pursuing. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the difficulties in clinical diagnosis and provide a concise and practical approach to treatment of suspected PPCM.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"95 1","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83919830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.120415.OR.126
Mahmoud Helmy Belal, Abdulaziz Yassin
Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify association between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, and assess the effect of metronidazole and chlorhexidine mixture as a local delivery. Methods: Sixty patients constituted three groups: (I) type 2 diabetes with advanced periodontitis; (II) diabetes mellitus without periodontitis; and (III) periodontitis without diabetes. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding index (BI) were recorded. Periodontitis received first non-surgical therapy, and then metronidazole and chlorhexidine gel. Diabetics undertook blood analysis for diabetic factors. Results: Statistical differences were noticed between groups I and II at all periods (three and six month) except few sites, and between groups I and III at all sites of CAL and most sites of BI. Group I had the worst measurements at baseline and 3 month which reversed with less measurements at 6 month (following therapy) by demonstrating significant intergroup positive changes, without significance prior to therapy. No significant differences were noticed within groups I and III for CAL prior to therapy except few sites, but were present at 6 month at all sites in group III and except two sites in group I. For BI, no differences were noticed except three sites. Conclusion: The present study suggested evidence on improvement of periodontal parameters following treatment with the local mixture of metronidazole and chlorhexidine gel.
{"title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe periodontal disease in an adult population; effect of a new local delivery approach","authors":"Mahmoud Helmy Belal, Abdulaziz Yassin","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.120415.OR.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.120415.OR.126","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify association between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, and assess the effect of metronidazole and chlorhexidine mixture as a local delivery. Methods: Sixty patients constituted three groups: (I) type 2 diabetes with advanced periodontitis; (II) diabetes mellitus without periodontitis; and (III) periodontitis without diabetes. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding index (BI) were recorded. Periodontitis received first non-surgical therapy, and then metronidazole and chlorhexidine gel. Diabetics undertook blood analysis for diabetic factors. Results: Statistical differences were noticed between groups I and II at all periods (three and six month) except few sites, and between groups I and III at all sites of CAL and most sites of BI. Group I had the worst measurements at baseline and 3 month which reversed with less measurements at 6 month (following therapy) by demonstrating significant intergroup positive changes, without significance prior to therapy. No significant differences were noticed within groups I and III for CAL prior to therapy except few sites, but were present at 6 month at all sites in group III and except two sites in group I. For BI, no differences were noticed except three sites. Conclusion: The present study suggested evidence on improvement of periodontal parameters following treatment with the local mixture of metronidazole and chlorhexidine gel.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74258798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.080115.OR.117
O. Ojo, C. Ojo
Objective: Moringa oleifera extracts have been widely reported for insulinotropic and other antidiabetic effects. However, mechanisms behind these actions of M.oleifera extracts are not well understood. This study investigated a possible mechanism underlying the insulinotropic actions of acetone extract of M. oleifera Methods: Phytochemical composition of M.oleifera extract was determined using standard procedures. Total flavonoid and total phenolic compounds in the extract were also quantified. Effects of the extracts on glucose stimulated insulin secretion, membrane depolarization and intracellular calcium concentration were investigated using BRIN-BD11 clonal pancreatic beta cells. Results: Results obtained showed the preponderance of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins and tannins in the extract. The glucose dependent insulinotropic effects of the extract were significantly inhibited in the presence of diazoxide (48%) or verapamil (35%) and in the absence of extracellular calcium (47%). Co-incubation of cells with the extract and IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) or tolbutamide increased insulin secretion by 2-fold while a 1.2-fold increase was observed in cells depolarized with 30 mM KCl in the presence of the plant extract. The extract significantly induced membrane depolarization (7.1-fold) and enhanced intracellular calcium concentration (2.6-fold) in BRIN-BD11 cells. Conclusion: These observations suggest that the insulinotropic actions of acetone extract of M.oleifera may be mediated via the KATP-dependent pathway of insulin release.
目的:辣木提取物具有促胰岛素和其他抗糖尿病作用，已被广泛报道。然而，油橄榄提取物这些作用背后的机制尚不清楚。方法:采用标准方法测定油松提取物的植物化学成分。测定了提取物中总黄酮和总酚类化合物的含量。采用BRIN-BD11克隆胰岛β细胞，研究其提取物对葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌、膜去极化和细胞内钙浓度的影响。结果:提取液中生物碱、黄酮类、糖苷类、酚类、皂苷类和单宁类成分占优势。在存在二氮氧化物(48%)或维拉帕米(35%)和不存在细胞外钙(47%)的情况下，提取物的葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素作用被显著抑制。细胞与提取物和IBMX(3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤)或tolbutamide共孵育，胰岛素分泌增加2倍，而在植物提取物存在的情况下，用30 mM KCl去极化细胞，胰岛素分泌增加1.2倍。提取物显著诱导BRIN-BD11细胞膜去极化(7.1倍)和细胞内钙浓度(2.6倍)升高。结论:油松丙酮提取物的胰岛素促胰岛素作用可能通过胰岛素释放的katp依赖性途径介导。
{"title":"Insulinotropic actions of Moringa oleifera involves the induction of membrane depolarization and enhancement of intracellular calcium concentration","authors":"O. Ojo, C. Ojo","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.080115.OR.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.080115.OR.117","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Moringa oleifera extracts have been widely reported for insulinotropic and other antidiabetic effects. However, mechanisms behind these actions of M.oleifera extracts are not well understood. This study investigated a possible mechanism underlying the insulinotropic actions of acetone extract of M. oleifera Methods: Phytochemical composition of M.oleifera extract was determined using standard procedures. Total flavonoid and total phenolic compounds in the extract were also quantified. Effects of the extracts on glucose stimulated insulin secretion, membrane depolarization and intracellular calcium concentration were investigated using BRIN-BD11 clonal pancreatic beta cells. Results: Results obtained showed the preponderance of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins and tannins in the extract. The glucose dependent insulinotropic effects of the extract were significantly inhibited in the presence of diazoxide (48%) or verapamil (35%) and in the absence of extracellular calcium (47%). Co-incubation of cells with the extract and IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) or tolbutamide increased insulin secretion by 2-fold while a 1.2-fold increase was observed in cells depolarized with 30 mM KCl in the presence of the plant extract. The extract significantly induced membrane depolarization (7.1-fold) and enhanced intracellular calcium concentration (2.6-fold) in BRIN-BD11 cells. Conclusion: These observations suggest that the insulinotropic actions of acetone extract of M.oleifera may be mediated via the KATP-dependent pathway of insulin release.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77214570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-07DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.160814.OR.110
H. Thomson, O. Ojo, P. Flatt, Y. Abdel-Wahab
Objective: There is renewed scientific interest in the potential of plant-derived agents for the treatment ofdiabetes mellitus. This study investigated the antidiabetic actions of Swertia chirayita, a plant used traditionally inthe management of diabetes. Materials and Methods: Insulin secretion from BRIN-DB11 cells was assessedin the absence or presence of plant extract and modulators of beta cell function. Glucose uptake was assessedusing 3T3-L1 cells while effects of the plant extract on protein glycation was assessed using model peptide.Insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay and intracellular calcium by FlexStation®. Results: S. chirayitasignificantly stimulated concentration-dependent insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 cells. Its insulinotropiceffects were abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2 + or by diazoxide and were significantly decreasedby verapamil and in beta cell depolarization with KCl. S. chirayita extracts evoked a 28-59% increase in basaland insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cells. Protein glycation was significantly inhibited by S. chirayitain a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: This study reveals that the antidiabetic actions of S. chirayitaaqueous bark extracts involves the stimulation of insulin secretion and enhancement of insulin action. Inhibitionof protein glycation may also help counter diabetic complications. These actions of S. chirayita may providenew opportunities for the treatment of diabetes.
{"title":"Antidiabetic actions of aqueous bark extract of Swertia chirayita on insulin secretion, cellular glucose uptake and protein glycation","authors":"H. Thomson, O. Ojo, P. Flatt, Y. Abdel-Wahab","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.160814.OR.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.160814.OR.110","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: There is renewed scientific interest in the potential of plant-derived agents for the treatment ofdiabetes mellitus. This study investigated the antidiabetic actions of Swertia chirayita, a plant used traditionally inthe management of diabetes. Materials and Methods: Insulin secretion from BRIN-DB11 cells was assessedin the absence or presence of plant extract and modulators of beta cell function. Glucose uptake was assessedusing 3T3-L1 cells while effects of the plant extract on protein glycation was assessed using model peptide.Insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay and intracellular calcium by FlexStation®. Results: S. chirayitasignificantly stimulated concentration-dependent insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 cells. Its insulinotropiceffects were abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2 + or by diazoxide and were significantly decreasedby verapamil and in beta cell depolarization with KCl. S. chirayita extracts evoked a 28-59% increase in basaland insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cells. Protein glycation was significantly inhibited by S. chirayitain a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: This study reveals that the antidiabetic actions of S. chirayitaaqueous bark extracts involves the stimulation of insulin secretion and enhancement of insulin action. Inhibitionof protein glycation may also help counter diabetic complications. These actions of S. chirayita may providenew opportunities for the treatment of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"128 1","pages":"268-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74361103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.220514.RW.009
E. Kılıç, Rivahi Kalay, C. Kiliç
Intramuscular injection is a method used for drug delivery to large muscle mass. Muscles are supplied by more veins than the subcutaneous tissues. Therefore, after intramuscular injection, drug absorption is faster than in subcutaneous tissues. However, there are many risks associated with intramuscular injection. In order to reduce these risks, the anatomical structure of the treated area should be well known and the region selection must be very well. The dorsogluteal region is commonly used for intramuscular injections. This area is close to blood vessels and nerves. Also the subcutaneous tissue of this region is thicker than the subcutaneous tissue of the other regions. For these reasons, it is the most dangerous region. The majority of health personnel accept that dorsogluteal region is the most reliable for intramuscular injections. However, intramuscular injections to the ventrogluteal region have advantages in many ways. The ventrogluteal region has been recognized as a primary intramuscular injection region. It was reported that a lot of health staff is not aware of the advantages of ventrogluteal region. This review was organized with the aim to compare reasons for the preference of dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal regions and to explain the basis of evidence. Articles related to selection of injection site, patient position and complications were reviewed and assessed. The reasons for preference of dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal regions were compared. Since intramuscular injection an important duty of medical personnel, it is expected that this review will be useful to update their knowledge on this issue.
{"title":"Comparing applications of intramuscular injections to dorsogluteal or ventrogluteal regions","authors":"E. Kılıç, Rivahi Kalay, C. Kiliç","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.220514.RW.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.220514.RW.009","url":null,"abstract":"Intramuscular injection is a method used for drug delivery to large muscle mass. Muscles are supplied by more veins than the subcutaneous tissues. Therefore, after intramuscular injection, drug absorption is faster than in subcutaneous tissues. However, there are many risks associated with intramuscular injection. In order to reduce these risks, the anatomical structure of the treated area should be well known and the region selection must be very well. \u0000The dorsogluteal region is commonly used for intramuscular injections. This area is close to blood vessels and nerves. Also the subcutaneous tissue of this region is thicker than the subcutaneous tissue of the other regions. For these reasons, it is the most dangerous region. The majority of health personnel accept that dorsogluteal region is the most reliable for intramuscular injections. However, intramuscular injections to the ventrogluteal region have advantages in many ways. The ventrogluteal region has been recognized as a primary intramuscular injection region. It was reported that a lot of health staff is not aware of the advantages of ventrogluteal region. This review was organized with the aim to compare reasons for the preference of dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal regions and to explain the basis of evidence. \u0000Articles related to selection of injection site, patient position and complications were reviewed and assessed. The reasons for preference of dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal regions were compared. Since intramuscular injection an important duty of medical personnel, it is expected that this review will be useful to update their knowledge on this issue.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"171-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74736500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-27DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.170414.OR.101
V. Kasabri, P. Flatt, Y. Abdel-Wahab
Objective: Medicinal, edible, and aromatic plants have been used as folk remedies in traditional treatments worldwide. This study investigates the antidiabetic efficacy and action mode of Curcuma longa Linn. (Zingiberaceae). Methods: Effects of aqueous extracts (AEs) of C. longa on insulin secretion and action were studied using the insulin-secreting BRIN-BD11 and the adipocyte-like 3T3-L1 cell lines, respectively. In vitro models were employed to evaluate effects on starch digestion using α-amylase/amyloglucosidase and protein glycation. Results: C. longa AEs stimulated basal insulin output and potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion concentration-dependently in the clonal pancreatic beta cell line, BRIN-BD11 (P < 0.001). The insulin secretory activity of plant extract was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca 2+ and by inhibitors of cellular Ca 2+ uptake, diazoxide and verapamil (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the extract increased insulin secretion in depolarized cells and augmented insulin secretion triggered by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, tolbutamide, and glibenclamide. C. longa AEs lacked insulin mimetic activity but enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by 370% (P < 0.001). Similar to aminoguanidine, C. longa AEs (1-50 mg/ml) effected concentration-dependent inhibition of protein glycation (24-70% inhibition, P < 0.001) in vitro. In bioassays of enzymatic starch digestion, C. longa AEs lacked inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, unlike acarbose, the classical reference drug. Conclusion: This study has revealed that water soluble bioactive principles in C. longa AEs stimulate basal- and potentiate glucose evoked-insulin secretion, enhance insulin action and inhibit insulin glycation, but not starch digestion. Future work assessing the use of C. longa AEs as dietary adjunct or as a source of active antidiabetic agents may provide new opportunities for the combinatorial treatment/prevention of diabetes.
{"title":"In vitro modulation of pancreatic insulin secretion, extrapancreatic insulin action and peptide glycation by Curcuma longa aqueous extracts -","authors":"V. Kasabri, P. Flatt, Y. Abdel-Wahab","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.170414.OR.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.170414.OR.101","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Medicinal, edible, and aromatic plants have been used as folk remedies in traditional treatments worldwide. This study investigates the antidiabetic efficacy and action mode of Curcuma longa Linn. (Zingiberaceae). Methods: Effects of aqueous extracts (AEs) of C. longa on insulin secretion and action were studied using the insulin-secreting BRIN-BD11 and the adipocyte-like 3T3-L1 cell lines, respectively. In vitro models were employed to evaluate effects on starch digestion using α-amylase/amyloglucosidase and protein glycation. Results: C. longa AEs stimulated basal insulin output and potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion concentration-dependently in the clonal pancreatic beta cell line, BRIN-BD11 (P < 0.001). The insulin secretory activity of plant extract was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca 2+ and by inhibitors of cellular Ca 2+ uptake, diazoxide and verapamil (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the extract increased insulin secretion in depolarized cells and augmented insulin secretion triggered by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, tolbutamide, and glibenclamide. C. longa AEs lacked insulin mimetic activity but enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by 370% (P < 0.001). Similar to aminoguanidine, C. longa AEs (1-50 mg/ml) effected concentration-dependent inhibition of protein glycation (24-70% inhibition, P < 0.001) in vitro. In bioassays of enzymatic starch digestion, C. longa AEs lacked inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, unlike acarbose, the classical reference drug. Conclusion: This study has revealed that water soluble bioactive principles in C. longa AEs stimulate basal- and potentiate glucose evoked-insulin secretion, enhance insulin action and inhibit insulin glycation, but not starch digestion. Future work assessing the use of C. longa AEs as dietary adjunct or as a source of active antidiabetic agents may provide new opportunities for the combinatorial treatment/prevention of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89631136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.070314.BR.020
Hiroyasu Sakai, Ken Sato, K. Takase, A. Hirosaki, A. Jo, Ryoto Sugiyama, Y. Chiba, M. Narita
Objective: Aquaporins (AQP) are a family of water-transporting proteins that are expressed in many cell types where they play important physiological functions. The accurate distribution of AQP gene expression has not yet been examined in various cutaneous tissues of the mouse. Changes in AQP expression have been useful for understanding their functions. Due to the lack of information regarding the cutaneous tissue distribution of AQP genes, we first evaluated the cutaneous tissue distribution of AQP gene expression. Methods: To study the expression of potential reference genes and to validate the most stable ones as internal standards in the various cutaneous tissues, raw values were analyzed. The gene expression of AQPs in various cutaneous tissues was analyzed quantitatively by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The expression orders of AQP3 and 9 genes were tail = paw skin > auricle > abdominal skin > dorsal skin and abdominal skin > auricle = tail > dorsal skin > paw skin. The AQP4 gene was found in the dorsal and abdominal cutaneous tissues. The gene expression of AQP5 was expressed in only paw skins. The AQP6 gene was not found in all cutaneous tissues. The AQP0, 7, 8, 11 and 12 gene expressions were comparatively much lower in all cutaneous tissues. Conclusion: The present study suggests that multiple AQPs exist in the various skins.
{"title":"The gene expression of aquaporins in various cutaneous tissues of the mouse","authors":"Hiroyasu Sakai, Ken Sato, K. Takase, A. Hirosaki, A. Jo, Ryoto Sugiyama, Y. Chiba, M. Narita","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.070314.BR.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.070314.BR.020","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Aquaporins (AQP) are a family of water-transporting proteins that are expressed in many cell types where they play important physiological functions. The accurate distribution of AQP gene expression has not yet been examined in various cutaneous tissues of the mouse. Changes in AQP expression have been useful for understanding their functions. Due to the lack of information regarding the cutaneous tissue distribution of AQP genes, we first evaluated the cutaneous tissue distribution of AQP gene expression. \u0000Methods: To study the expression of potential reference genes and to validate the most stable ones as internal standards in the various cutaneous tissues, raw values were analyzed. The gene expression of AQPs in various cutaneous tissues was analyzed quantitatively by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). \u0000Results: The expression orders of AQP3 and 9 genes were tail = paw skin > auricle > abdominal skin > dorsal skin and abdominal skin > auricle = tail > dorsal skin > paw skin. The AQP4 gene was found in the dorsal and abdominal cutaneous tissues. The gene expression of AQP5 was expressed in only paw skins. The AQP6 gene was not found in all cutaneous tissues. The AQP0, 7, 8, 11 and 12 gene expressions were comparatively much lower in all cutaneous tissues. \u0000Conclusion: The present study suggests that multiple AQPs exist in the various skins.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81025904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEIM.200913.OR.090
D. Lembè, B. L. Koloko, E. F. Bend, Judith Domkam, P. O. Oundoum, M. N. Njila, P. Moundipa, T. Dimo, G. Gonzales
Objectives: Medicinal plants are of great value in the field of treatment and cure of diseases, beside their strategic value in drug supply. This study has investigated the effects of Rauvolfia vomitoria bark extract on reproductive functions of male rats. Methods: Thirty adult male rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups and orally treated with vehicle, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight per day of Rauvolfia vomitoria aqueous extract for 21 days. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed. Hormone and biochemical analysis were done. Testis and accessory organs were removed and weighed. Sperm count, transit and motility were also evaluated. Results: After 21 days of treatment, body weight was slightly reduced dose-dependently. The relative weight of testis significantly increased at high doses (100 and 200 mg/kg), while the relative weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles also significantly increased in all treated animals. The daily sperm production at high doses as well as the sperm count in epididymis and vas deferens at low doses (25 and 50 mg/kg), showed a significant difference between experimental groups and control group. The sperm motility and transit was significantly higher at low doses when compared to control. Testicular and epididymal protein significantly increased at low doses, while the testicular cholesterol significantly increased at all doses when compared to control. The highest effect on testosterone level was observed at the dose of 200 mg/kg of Rauvolfia vomitoria. Conclusion: These results indicate that treatment with the aqueous extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria could improve the fertility of male rats.
{"title":"Fertility enhancing effects of aqueous extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria on reproductive functions of male rats","authors":"D. Lembè, B. L. Koloko, E. F. Bend, Judith Domkam, P. O. Oundoum, M. N. Njila, P. Moundipa, T. Dimo, G. Gonzales","doi":"10.5455/JEIM.200913.OR.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEIM.200913.OR.090","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Medicinal plants are of great value in the field of treatment and cure of diseases, beside their strategic value in drug supply. This study has investigated the effects of Rauvolfia vomitoria bark extract on reproductive functions of male rats. Methods: Thirty adult male rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups and orally treated with vehicle, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight per day of Rauvolfia vomitoria aqueous extract for 21 days. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed. Hormone and biochemical analysis were done. Testis and accessory organs were removed and weighed. Sperm count, transit and motility were also evaluated. Results: After 21 days of treatment, body weight was slightly reduced dose-dependently. The relative weight of testis significantly increased at high doses (100 and 200 mg/kg), while the relative weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles also significantly increased in all treated animals. The daily sperm production at high doses as well as the sperm count in epididymis and vas deferens at low doses (25 and 50 mg/kg), showed a significant difference between experimental groups and control group. The sperm motility and transit was significantly higher at low doses when compared to control. Testicular and epididymal protein significantly increased at low doses, while the testicular cholesterol significantly increased at all doses when compared to control. The highest effect on testosterone level was observed at the dose of 200 mg/kg of Rauvolfia vomitoria. Conclusion: These results indicate that treatment with the aqueous extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria could improve the fertility of male rats.","PeriodicalId":16091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77281376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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