Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.041
Qiqi Liu, Lingyu Wang, Chenchong Wang, Yuxiang Wu, Zhen Zhang, Xiaolu Wei, Yong Li, Jiahua Yuan, Jun Hu, Dengping Ji, Sybrand van der Zwaag, Yizhuang Li, Wei Xu
Recycling-oriented alloy design is a crucial part of material sustainability, as it reduces the need for raw material extraction and minimises environmental impact. This requires that scraps be reused or repurposed effectively, even when the scraps are co-mingled and have higher costs for further sorting and separation. In this work, we explore an alloy design concept by creating a compositionally flexible domain that can recycle multiple alloy grades and yet maintain relatively consistent properties across chemical variations. This is demonstrated through the Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn system to identify compositionally flexible austenitic stainless steels (CF-ASS) and accommodate the recycling of mixed austenitic stainless steel scraps. Alloys within the nominal composition spaces exhibit relatively consistent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance despite significant variations in different alloy compositions. We illustrate how we can utilise the compositionally flexible austenitic stainless steels to recycle mixed 200 and 300-series stainless steel and ferronickel scraps, demonstrating its practical viability. While this demonstration focuses on the stainless steel system, the underlying principles can be extended to other systems related to mixed scrap recycling.
{"title":"Compositionally flexible alloy design towards recycling mixed stainless steel scraps","authors":"Qiqi Liu, Lingyu Wang, Chenchong Wang, Yuxiang Wu, Zhen Zhang, Xiaolu Wei, Yong Li, Jiahua Yuan, Jun Hu, Dengping Ji, Sybrand van der Zwaag, Yizhuang Li, Wei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.041","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling-oriented alloy design is a crucial part of material sustainability, as it reduces the need for raw material extraction and minimises environmental impact. This requires that scraps be reused or repurposed effectively, even when the scraps are co-mingled and have higher costs for further sorting and separation. In this work, we explore an alloy design concept by creating a compositionally flexible domain that can recycle multiple alloy grades and yet maintain relatively consistent properties across chemical variations. This is demonstrated through the Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn system to identify compositionally flexible austenitic stainless steels (CF-ASS) and accommodate the recycling of mixed austenitic stainless steel scraps. Alloys within the nominal composition spaces exhibit relatively consistent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance despite significant variations in different alloy compositions. We illustrate how we can utilise the compositionally flexible austenitic stainless steels to recycle mixed 200 and 300-series stainless steel and ferronickel scraps, demonstrating its practical viability. While this demonstration focuses on the stainless steel system, the underlying principles can be extended to other systems related to mixed scrap recycling.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"268 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.037
Fangqian Han, Hao An, Qianru Wu, Jifu Bi, Feng Ding, Maoshuai He
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with enriched (n, m) species are in high demand for various advanced applications. Since the SWNT structure is largely influenced by the chemistry of the active catalyst during growth process, exploiting novel catalyst with bias towards specific SWNT chiralities has been challenging. In this work, we introduce a vanadium catalyst supported by mesoporous magnesia (V-MgO) for the selective growth of SWNTs using CO chemical vapor deposition (CVD). At a reaction temperature of 650°C, the (6, 5) SWNT content reaches an impressive 67.9% among all semiconducting species, exceeding the selectivity of many commercial SWNT products. Post-CVD analysis reveals that the catalyst transforms into vanadium carbide (VC), which acts as a nucleation site for SWNT growth. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the energy at the SWNT-VC interface and the growth kinetics of SWNTs contribute to the chirality selectivity. This research opens up possibilities for the selective synthesis of SWNTs using cost-effective early transition metals, illuminating their future applications in fields such as bioimaging.
{"title":"Exploiting supported vanadium catalyst for single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis","authors":"Fangqian Han, Hao An, Qianru Wu, Jifu Bi, Feng Ding, Maoshuai He","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.037","url":null,"abstract":"Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with enriched (<em>n, m</em>) species are in high demand for various advanced applications. Since the SWNT structure is largely influenced by the chemistry of the active catalyst during growth process, exploiting novel catalyst with bias towards specific SWNT chiralities has been challenging. In this work, we introduce a vanadium catalyst supported by mesoporous magnesia (V-MgO) for the selective growth of SWNTs using CO chemical vapor deposition (CVD). At a reaction temperature of 650°C, the (6, 5) SWNT content reaches an impressive 67.9% among all semiconducting species, exceeding the selectivity of many commercial SWNT products. Post-CVD analysis reveals that the catalyst transforms into vanadium carbide (VC), which acts as a nucleation site for SWNT growth. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the energy at the SWNT-VC interface and the growth kinetics of SWNTs contribute to the chirality selectivity. This research opens up possibilities for the selective synthesis of SWNTs using cost-effective early transition metals, illuminating their future applications in fields such as bioimaging.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.005
Hao Xu, Shuai Liu, Zhiang Li, Fan Ding, Weimin Wang, Kaikai Song, Ting Liu, Lina Hu
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are important for enhancing safety across various applications related to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is a widely utilized commercial cathode in LIBs, prized for its stable cycling performance, thermal stability, and low cost. However, low electronic conductivity and slow ion diffusion kinetics limit its application at high rates and low temperatures. Herein, Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets (NSs) are introduced into the LiFePO4 cathode. The continuous electron-conducting networks are constructed due to the high electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx NSs. Meanwhile, the coordination environment of lithium ions in the cathode is weakened by the oxygenated end groups of Ti3C2Tx NSs, and thus efficient ion-percolating networks are constructed. Therefore, the ionic and electronic conductivities of the modified cathode are significantly improved. Assembled all-solid-state LiFePO4/Li full cells with poly(ethylene oxide) as electrolyte exhibits high initial discharged capacities of 91.5 mAh g−1 at 10 C, and capacities of 155.1 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 C with a retention rate of 93.8%. Furthermore, the cells still deliver excellent performance at high loading, room temperature, and low temperature. This work offers a facile and scalable strategy for designing high-performance ASSLBs.
全固态锂电池（ASSLBs）对于提高与锂离子电池（lib）相关的各种应用的安全性非常重要。磷酸铁锂（LiFePO4）因其稳定的循环性能、热稳定性和低成本而被广泛应用于锂离子电池（LIBs）中。然而，低的电子导电性和缓慢的离子扩散动力学限制了它在高速率和低温下的应用。本文将Ti3C2Tx MXene纳米片（NSs）引入LiFePO4阴极。由于Ti3C2Tx NSs的高导电性，构建了连续的电子传导网络。同时，Ti3C2Tx NSs的端基氧化削弱了锂离子在阴极中的配位环境，从而构建了高效的离子渗透网络。因此，改性阴极的离子电导率和电子电导率都得到了显著提高。以聚环氧乙烷为电解液组装的全固态LiFePO4/Li全电池在10℃下的初始放电容量为91.5 mAh g−1，在1℃下循环1000次后的放电容量为155.1 mAh g−1，保留率为93.8%。此外，该电池在高负载、室温和低温下仍然具有优异的性能。这项工作为设计高性能assb提供了一种简单且可扩展的策略。
{"title":"Ti3C2Tx MXene enhanced high-performance LiFePO4 cathode for all-solid-state lithium battery","authors":"Hao Xu, Shuai Liu, Zhiang Li, Fan Ding, Weimin Wang, Kaikai Song, Ting Liu, Lina Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are important for enhancing safety across various applications related to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>) is a widely utilized commercial cathode in LIBs, prized for its stable cycling performance, thermal stability, and low cost. However, low electronic conductivity and slow ion diffusion kinetics limit its application at high rates and low temperatures. Herein, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<em><sub>x</sub></em> MXene nanosheets (NSs) are introduced into the LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathode. The continuous electron-conducting networks are constructed due to the high electrical conductivity of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<em><sub>x</sub></em> NSs. Meanwhile, the coordination environment of lithium ions in the cathode is weakened by the oxygenated end groups of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<em><sub>x</sub></em> NSs, and thus efficient ion-percolating networks are constructed. Therefore, the ionic and electronic conductivities of the modified cathode are significantly improved. Assembled all-solid-state LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/Li full cells with poly(ethylene oxide) as electrolyte exhibits high initial discharged capacities of 91.5 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 10 C, and capacities of 155.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 1000 cycles at 1 C with a retention rate of 93.8%. Furthermore, the cells still deliver excellent performance at high loading, room temperature, and low temperature. This work offers a facile and scalable strategy for designing high-performance ASSLBs.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reinforcing metal matrix composites (MMCs) with nanophases of distinct characteristics is an effective strategy for utilizing their individual advantages and achieving superior properties of the composite. In this study, a combination of molecular level mixing (MLM), segment ball milling (SBM), and in-situ solid-phase reaction was employed to fabricate Cu matrix composites (TiC-CNT/Cu) reinforced with TiC decorated CNT (TiC@CNT) and in-situ nanoscale TiC particles. The HRTEM results revealed the epitaxial growth of interfacial TiC on the surface of CNT (i.e., CNT(0002)//TiC(200), and the formation of a semi-coherent interface between TiC and Cu matrix, which can effectively enhance the interfacial bonding strength and optimize load transfer efficiency of CNT. The independent in-situ TiC nanoparticles got into the grain interior through grain boundary migration, thereby significantly enhancing both strain hardening capacity and strength of the composite by fully utilizing the Orowan strengthening mechanism. Moreover, the enhanced bonding strength of the interface can also effectively suppress crack initiation and propagation, thereby improving the fracture toughness of the composite. The TiC-CNT/Cu composite with 1.2 vol.% CNT exhibited a tensile strength of 372 MPa, achieving a super high strengthening efficiency of 270, while simultaneously maintaining a remarkable ductility of 21.2%. Furthermore, the impact toughness of the TiC-CNT/Cu composite exhibited a significant enhancement of 70.7% compared to that of the CNT/Cu composite, reaching an impressive value of 251 kJ/m², thereby demonstrating exceptional fracture toughness. Fully exploiting the synergistic strengthening effect of different nanophases can be an effective way to improve the comprehensive properties of MMCs.
{"title":"Achieving strength–ductility balance in Cu matrix composite reinforced with double nanophase of CNT and intragranular in-situ TiC","authors":"Junqin Feng, Jingmei Tao, Xiaofeng Chen, Yichun Liu, Caiju Li, Jianhong Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.035","url":null,"abstract":"Reinforcing metal matrix composites (MMCs) with nanophases of distinct characteristics is an effective strategy for utilizing their individual advantages and achieving superior properties of the composite. In this study, a combination of molecular level mixing (MLM), segment ball milling (SBM), and in-situ solid-phase reaction was employed to fabricate Cu matrix composites (TiC-CNT/Cu) reinforced with TiC decorated CNT (TiC@CNT) and in-situ nanoscale TiC particles. The HRTEM results revealed the epitaxial growth of interfacial TiC on the surface of CNT (i.e., CNT(0002)//TiC(200), and the formation of a semi-coherent interface between TiC and Cu matrix, which can effectively enhance the interfacial bonding strength and optimize load transfer efficiency of CNT. The independent in-situ TiC nanoparticles got into the grain interior through grain boundary migration, thereby significantly enhancing both strain hardening capacity and strength of the composite by fully utilizing the Orowan strengthening mechanism. Moreover, the enhanced bonding strength of the interface can also effectively suppress crack initiation and propagation, thereby improving the fracture toughness of the composite. The TiC-CNT/Cu composite with 1.2 vol.% CNT exhibited a tensile strength of 372 MPa, achieving a super high strengthening efficiency of 270, while simultaneously maintaining a remarkable ductility of 21.2%. Furthermore, the impact toughness of the TiC-CNT/Cu composite exhibited a significant enhancement of 70.7% compared to that of the CNT/Cu composite, reaching an impressive value of 251 kJ/m², thereby demonstrating exceptional fracture toughness. Fully exploiting the synergistic strengthening effect of different nanophases can be an effective way to improve the comprehensive properties of MMCs.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.036
Haryeong Choi, Jiseung Kim, Taehee Kim, Vinayak G. Parale, Wonjun Lee, Hyun Jee Heo, Hyung-Ho Park
The development of efficient, cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for advancing sustainable energy. In this study, we investigated the influence of the solvent type on the morphological evolution and electrocatalytic performance of cobalt-based ZIF-67 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Particularly, we demonstrated the significant effect of solvent-mediated morphological control on the OER performance using methanol (MeOH), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and deionized (DI) water. The ZIF-L(W), synthesized in DI water, exhibited a unique 2D leaf-like structure, and achieved remarkably low overpotentials of 360, 398, and 460 mV at current densities of 50, 100, and 200 mA cm−2, respectively. This performance significantly surpasses those of the polyhedral ZIF-67(D) and ZIF-67(M) structures synthesized in DMF and MeOH, respectively. The superior OER activity of ZIF-L(W) was attributed to its larger pore size, enhanced electron transfer properties, and the formation of unsaturated coordination sites. These results present a scalable, low-temperature route for designing high-performance MOF-based electrocatalysts with potential applications in sustainable energy systems.
{"title":"Morphological modulation of Co-based Zeolitic imidazolate framework for oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Haryeong Choi, Jiseung Kim, Taehee Kim, Vinayak G. Parale, Wonjun Lee, Hyun Jee Heo, Hyung-Ho Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.036","url":null,"abstract":"The development of efficient, cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for advancing sustainable energy. In this study, we investigated the influence of the solvent type on the morphological evolution and electrocatalytic performance of cobalt-based ZIF-67 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Particularly, we demonstrated the significant effect of solvent-mediated morphological control on the OER performance using methanol (MeOH), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and deionized (DI) water. The ZIF-L(W), synthesized in DI water, exhibited a unique 2D leaf-like structure, and achieved remarkably low overpotentials of 360, 398, and 460 mV at current densities of 50, 100, and 200 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. This performance significantly surpasses those of the polyhedral ZIF-67(D) and ZIF-67(M) structures synthesized in DMF and MeOH, respectively. The superior OER activity of ZIF-L(W) was attributed to its larger pore size, enhanced electron transfer properties, and the formation of unsaturated coordination sites. These results present a scalable, low-temperature route for designing high-performance MOF-based electrocatalysts with potential applications in sustainable energy systems.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The composites prepared by combining lightweight carbon materials with magnetic metals have demonstrated excellent dielectric and magnetic properties, indicating potential applications in the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. However, the rational microstructure design and component optimization of these composites in regulating their magnetic-dielectric balance to achieve high-performance EMW absorption remains challenging. Herein, hierarchical yolk-shell Fe@SiO2@NC composites with dual impedance matching layers and dual built-in electric fields were prepared by self-template aggregation and in situ reduction strategies. The introduction of a SiO2 wave-transparent layer into a conventional dielectric-magnetic system has resulted in the successful realization of nanoscale precise impedance matching regulation in absorbers, thereby enabling effective ultra-wideband EMW absorption. The dual impedance matching layers of the internal void layer and the SiO2 wave-transparent layer facilitate multiple scattering and reflection of EMWs within the absorbers, and the dual built-in electric fields of Fe/SiO2 and SiO2/NC can effectively enhance interfacial polarization effect to attenuate EMWs. The predominantly optimized Fe@SiO2@NC-2 exhibits an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.10 GHz and an impressive minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −64.83 dB, indicating that optimizing the impedance matching via quantitative design can maximize the EMW absorption performance. This work provides a straightforward yet effective approach for constructing multi-component materials with hierarchical yolk-shell structure, which offers valuable insight into the microstructure design and component optimization of innovative EMW absorption materials.
{"title":"Construction of hierarchical yolk-shell Fe@SiO2@NC composites with dual impedance matching layers and dual built-in electric fields for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Hongwei Cong, Houjiang Liu, Jiawei Ding, Yuanyuan Fu, Jin Cui, Chuangchuang Gong, Chenxu Wang, Yijing Zhang, Chunnian He, Naiqin Zhao, Chunsheng Shi, Fang He","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.038","url":null,"abstract":"The composites prepared by combining lightweight carbon materials with magnetic metals have demonstrated excellent dielectric and magnetic properties, indicating potential applications in the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. However, the rational microstructure design and component optimization of these composites in regulating their magnetic-dielectric balance to achieve high-performance EMW absorption remains challenging. Herein, hierarchical yolk-shell Fe@SiO<sub>2</sub>@NC composites with dual impedance matching layers and dual built-in electric fields were prepared by self-template aggregation and in situ reduction strategies. The introduction of a SiO<sub>2</sub> wave-transparent layer into a conventional dielectric-magnetic system has resulted in the successful realization of nanoscale precise impedance matching regulation in absorbers, thereby enabling effective ultra-wideband EMW absorption. The dual impedance matching layers of the internal void layer and the SiO<sub>2</sub> wave-transparent layer facilitate multiple scattering and reflection of EMWs within the absorbers, and the dual built-in electric fields of Fe/SiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub>/NC can effectively enhance interfacial polarization effect to attenuate EMWs. The predominantly optimized Fe@SiO<sub>2</sub>@NC-2 exhibits an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.10 GHz and an impressive minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −64.83 dB, indicating that optimizing the impedance matching via quantitative design can maximize the EMW absorption performance. This work provides a straightforward yet effective approach for constructing multi-component materials with hierarchical yolk-shell structure, which offers valuable insight into the microstructure design and component optimization of innovative EMW absorption materials.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.034
W.J. Sun, Y.Q. Wang, J.D. Zuo, J.Y. Zhang, G. Liu, J. Sun
The unique high-entropy and sluggish diffusion effects of amorphous high-entropy alloys endow them with excellent thermal stability and plastic deformation. In this work, the near-equiatomic TaTiZr amorphous medium-entropy alloy (AMEA) was prepared via the magnetron sputtering to investigate the microstructural thermostability and nanoindentation creep behavior. Thermal annealing below the glass transition temperature gave rise to the microstructural heterogeneity due to the positive mixing enthalpy in TaTiZr AMEA, which became increasingly enhanced with raising the annealing temperature. Correspondingly, there appeared a monotonic increase in hardness as well as the elastic/shear modulus, yet a reduction in strain-rate sensitivity m or an increment in shear transformation zone volume with annealing temperature. Meanwhile, the indentation morphology measured by atomic force microscope exhibited a significant transformation from pile-up to sink-in, demonstrating the degradation of plastic deformability with enhancing the microstructural heterogeneity. Based on the relaxation time spectra for Maxwell-Voigt model, the microstructural heterogeneity can restrain the activation of internal defects associated with the operation of flow units during creeping, further triggering the strain-strengthening behavior and improved creep resistance in the annealed samples. This work provides significant guidance for the structural design of high-performance amorphous alloys.
非晶高熵合金独特的高熵和缓慢扩散效应使其具有优异的热稳定性和塑性变形性能。本研究通过磁控溅射法制备了近等原子的 TaTiZr 非晶中熵合金（AMEA），以研究其微观结构的热稳定性和纳米压痕蠕变行为。由于 TaTiZr AMEA 中存在正混合焓，低于玻璃化温度的热退火会导致微观结构的异质性，这种异质性随着退火温度的升高而增强。相应地，随着退火温度的升高，硬度和弹性/剪切模量出现了单调的增加，但应变速率敏感性 m 却降低了，剪切变换区体积也增大了。同时，用原子力显微镜测量的压痕形貌表现出从堆积到下陷的显著转变，表明塑性变形能力下降，微结构异质性增强。根据 Maxwell-Voigt 模型的弛豫时间谱，微结构异质性可以抑制蠕变过程中与流动单元运行相关的内部缺陷的活化，进一步引发应变强化行为，提高退火样品的抗蠕变性。这项研究为高性能非晶合金的结构设计提供了重要指导。
{"title":"Thermal annealing affected microstructure evolution and creep behavior in amorphous TaTiZr medium-entropy alloy","authors":"W.J. Sun, Y.Q. Wang, J.D. Zuo, J.Y. Zhang, G. Liu, J. Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.034","url":null,"abstract":"The unique high-entropy and sluggish diffusion effects of amorphous high-entropy alloys endow them with excellent thermal stability and plastic deformation. In this work, the near-equiatomic TaTiZr amorphous medium-entropy alloy (AMEA) was prepared via the magnetron sputtering to investigate the microstructural thermostability and nanoindentation creep behavior. Thermal annealing below the glass transition temperature gave rise to the microstructural heterogeneity due to the positive mixing enthalpy in TaTiZr AMEA, which became increasingly enhanced with raising the annealing temperature. Correspondingly, there appeared a monotonic increase in hardness as well as the elastic/shear modulus, yet a reduction in strain-rate sensitivity <em>m</em> or an increment in shear transformation zone volume with annealing temperature. Meanwhile, the indentation morphology measured by atomic force microscope exhibited a significant transformation from pile-up to sink-in, demonstrating the degradation of plastic deformability with enhancing the microstructural heterogeneity. Based on the relaxation time spectra for Maxwell-Voigt model, the microstructural heterogeneity can restrain the activation of internal defects associated with the operation of flow units during creeping, further triggering the strain-strengthening behavior and improved creep resistance in the annealed samples. This work provides significant guidance for the structural design of high-performance amorphous alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advancement of millimeter-wave communication desires the ceramic substrate with low permittivity (ԑr) to meet the requirements of high transmission rates, low latency and wide bandwidth. However, the thermal conductivity of most low-ԑr ceramics is too low to deal with heat dissipation in millimeter-wave applications. In this paper, we reported novel dielectric ceramics LiMSiO4 (M = Ga, Sc and Y) with excellent performances of low ԑr (< 10) and high thermal conductivity (> 6 W mK−1). Their dielectric properties in both microwave and THz were investigated, where the LiGaSiO4 ceramic achieved the lowest ԑr of ∼5.2, the LiScSiO4 ceramic presented extremely low loss (Q × f ∼ 96,700 GHz, Q = 1/dielectric loss, f is resonant frequency), and the LiYSiO4 ceramic showed a positive temperature coefficient of f (TCF ∼ +32 ppm°C−1). The distinct dielectric behavior was subsequently studied by structure-performance relationship in terms of M-site cations and bond parameters using bond valence theory, Phillips–Van Vechten–Levine chemical bond theory and so on. Moreover, a 36 GHz microstrip array antenna was designed and simulated using the LiGaSiO4 ceramic substrate, obtaining high realized gain, high radiation efficiency and low sidelobe. The result demonstrated the great potential of LiMSiO4-type dielectric ceramics in millimeter-wave communications.
毫米波通信的发展需要具有低介电常数（ԑr）的陶瓷基板，以满足高传输速率、低延迟和宽带宽的要求。然而，大多数低ԑr 陶瓷的热导率太低，无法解决毫米波应用中的散热问题。本文报告了新型介电陶瓷 LiMSiO4（M = Ga、Sc 和 Y），具有低ԑr（10）和高导热率（6 W mK-1）的优异性能。研究发现，LiGaSiO4 陶瓷的ԑr 最低，为 5.2；LiScSiO4 陶瓷的损耗极低（Q × f ∼ 96,700 GHz，Q = 1/介质损耗，f 为谐振频率）；LiYSiO4 陶瓷的 f 温度系数为正（TCF ∼ +32 ppm°C-1）。随后，利用键价理论、Phillips-Van Vechten-Levine 化学键理论等，从 M 位阳离子和键参数的结构-性能关系角度研究了这种独特的介电行为。此外，利用 LiGaSiO4 陶瓷基底设计并模拟了 36 GHz 的微带阵列天线，获得了高实现增益、高辐射效率和低侧射。该结果证明了 LiMSiO4 型介质陶瓷在毫米波通信中的巨大潜力。
{"title":"LiMSiO4 (M = Ga, Sc and Y): Low-permittivity and high thermal conductivity microwave dielectric ceramics for millimeter-wave communications","authors":"Wei Wang, Jian Bao, Changhao Wang, Guoqiang He, Xin Wang, Diming Xu, Biaobing Jin, Zhongqi Shi, Moustafa Adel Darwish, Yawei Chen, Qixin Liang, Meirong Zhang, Di Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of millimeter-wave communication desires the ceramic substrate with low permittivity (<em>ԑ</em><sub>r</sub>) to meet the requirements of high transmission rates, low latency and wide bandwidth. However, the thermal conductivity of most low-<em>ԑ</em><sub>r</sub> ceramics is too low to deal with heat dissipation in millimeter-wave applications. In this paper, we reported novel dielectric ceramics Li<em>M</em>SiO<sub>4</sub> (<em>M</em> = Ga, Sc and Y) with excellent performances of low <em>ԑ</em><sub>r</sub> (< 10) and high thermal conductivity (> 6 W mK<sup>−1</sup>). Their dielectric properties in both microwave and THz were investigated, where the LiGaSiO<sub>4</sub> ceramic achieved the lowest <em>ԑ</em><sub>r</sub> of ∼5.2, the LiScSiO<sub>4</sub> ceramic presented extremely low loss (<em>Q</em> × <em>f</em> ∼ 96,700 GHz, <em>Q</em> = 1/dielectric loss, <em>f</em> is resonant frequency), and the LiYSiO<sub>4</sub> ceramic showed a positive temperature coefficient of <em>f</em> (TCF ∼ +32 ppm°C<sup>−1</sup>). The distinct dielectric behavior was subsequently studied by structure-performance relationship in terms of <em>M</em>-site cations and bond parameters using bond valence theory, Phillips–Van Vechten–Levine chemical bond theory and so on. Moreover, a 36 GHz microstrip array antenna was designed and simulated using the LiGaSiO<sub>4</sub> ceramic substrate, obtaining high realized gain, high radiation efficiency and low sidelobe. The result demonstrated the great potential of LiMSiO<sub>4</sub>-type dielectric ceramics in millimeter-wave communications.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recognition and monitoring of localized corrosion at the early stage on the inner wall surface of pipes are extremely difficult and simultaneously the reliable approach for recognition and monitoring is missing. Here we report a spatially resolved method to recognize and monitor the localized corrosion in a non-destructive way based on the permeating hydrogen signal generated from localized corrosion itself. A simulative localized corrosion was created on one side surface of the carbon steel specimen where a dot of wet elemental sulfur was introduced to accelerate the corrosion on the local region. While, the potential on the other side surface (the reverse side of the corrosion site) of the specimen was measured using a scanning Kelvin probe. The results show that the permeating hydrogen generated from localized corrosion easily arrives on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site and then causes a huge change in surface potential. The location resolution of potential distribution can be revealed with micron level. Therefore, it is thought that the location of localized corrosion can be recognized by the permeating hydrogen signal distribution on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site since the region of potential decreasing is highly corresponding to the corrosion site. Moreover, the strength of the permeating hydrogen signal is highly related to the corrosion depth and transient corrosion rate of localized corrosion. This means that the localized corrosion development can also be monitored using the permeating hydrogen signal. Therefore, it can be expected that the localized corrosion occurring on the inner wall surface of pipes or equipment can be recognized and monitored successfully on the outer wall surface in a non-destructive way once the permeating hydrogen is present during the localized corrosion proceeding.
{"title":"Recognizing and monitoring the localized corrosion via permeating hydrogen signal with high local resolution","authors":"Xiankang Zhong, Haonan Li, Bokai Liao, Junying Hu, Xiufeng Li, Haijun Hu, Shengwen Tu, Guangxu Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.031","url":null,"abstract":"The recognition and monitoring of localized corrosion at the early stage on the inner wall surface of pipes are extremely difficult and simultaneously the reliable approach for recognition and monitoring is missing. Here we report a spatially resolved method to recognize and monitor the localized corrosion in a non-destructive way based on the permeating hydrogen signal generated from localized corrosion itself. A simulative localized corrosion was created on one side surface of the carbon steel specimen where a dot of wet elemental sulfur was introduced to accelerate the corrosion on the local region. While, the potential on the other side surface (the reverse side of the corrosion site) of the specimen was measured using a scanning Kelvin probe. The results show that the permeating hydrogen generated from localized corrosion easily arrives on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site and then causes a huge change in surface potential. The location resolution of potential distribution can be revealed with micron level. Therefore, it is thought that the location of localized corrosion can be recognized by the permeating hydrogen signal distribution on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site since the region of potential decreasing is highly corresponding to the corrosion site. Moreover, the strength of the permeating hydrogen signal is highly related to the corrosion depth and transient corrosion rate of localized corrosion. This means that the localized corrosion development can also be monitored using the permeating hydrogen signal. Therefore, it can be expected that the localized corrosion occurring on the inner wall surface of pipes or equipment can be recognized and monitored successfully on the outer wall surface in a non-destructive way once the permeating hydrogen is present during the localized corrosion proceeding.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A broad-spectrum UV photodetector with ultrahigh detectivity and rapid response speed has been achieved in β-Ga2O3/GaN heterojunction, in which, the β-Ga2O3 is synthesized by substituting oxygen for nitrogen in the top layer of the GaN matrix at high temperature. The processes and mechanism of transforming GaN with varying crystal quality into β-Ga2O3 at high temperatures were studied in detail. The newly formed oxide layer is a monoclinic β-Ga2O3 with (01) preferred orientation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements identified oxygen vacancies and surface flatness of β-Ga2O3, respectively, which are closely related to the crystal quality of GaN. The oxygen vacancies and the root mean square of morphology roughness of β-Ga2O3 decrease with the improvement of the precursor GaN crystal quality. The cross-section transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements showed that a hexagonal phase GaNxO3(1−x)/2 intermediate layer with a thickness of 5 nm exists at the interface region between β-Ga2O3 and hexagonal GaN. This indicates a molecular reconfiguration of the hexagonal system to a monoclinic system with oxygen substitution of nitrogen in GaN matrix. The metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) planar structure device achieved an ultrahigh detection capability (Responsivity=2493.5 A/W, Detectivity>1016 Jones). The response time is in the order of milliseconds (τr=0.27 ms, τd1/τd2=0.33 ms/4.3 ms). A self-powered UV optoelectronic rapid response (τr=5 μs, τd1/τd2=0.13 ms/2.3 ms) with the responsivity of 0.6 mA/W and the detectivity of 5.3×1011 Jones in the solar-blind wavelength region has been observed in the β-Ga2O3/GaN heterojunction without external bias. With a bias of −10 V loading, the response of the photodetector becomes a broad spectrum, covering the UVA-UVC wavelength range, and the photoresponsivity is up to 13.5 A/W. The detectivity reaches a high value of 2.6×1015 Jones.
在β-Ga2O3/GaN异质结中实现了具有超高探测率和快速响应速度的宽光谱紫外光探测器，其中，β-Ga2O3是在高温下通过在GaN基体顶层以氧代氮合成的。详细研究了不同晶体质量的氮化镓在高温下转化为β-Ga2O3的过程和机理。新形成的氧化层是具有 (2¯01) 优选取向的单斜β-Ga2O3。X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）和原子力显微镜（AFM）测量分别确定了β-Ga2O3 的氧空位和表面平整度，这与 GaN 的晶体质量密切相关。随着前驱体 GaN 晶体质量的提高，β-Ga2O3 的氧空位和形貌粗糙度的均方根值也在降低。横截面透射电子显微镜（TEM）测量结果表明，在β-Ga2O3 和六方 GaN 的界面区域存在厚度为 5 纳米的六方相 GaNxO3(1-x)/2 中间层。这表明在氮化镓基体中，六方体系在氧取代氮的作用下发生了分子重构，变成了单斜体系。金属-半导体-金属（MSM）平面结构器件实现了超高探测能力（响应率=2493.5 A/W，探测率>1016 Jones）。响应时间为毫秒级（τr=0.27 ms，τd1/τd2=0.33 ms/4.3 ms）。在没有外部偏压的情况下，β-Ga2O3/GaN 异质结观察到了自供电紫外光电快速响应（τr=5 μs，τd1/τd2=0.13 ms/2.3 ms），在太阳盲波长区域的响应率为 0.6 mA/W，探测率为 5.3×1011 Jones。加载 -10 V 的偏压后，光电探测器的响应变成了宽光谱，覆盖了 UVA-UVC 波长范围，光致发光率高达 13.5 A/W。检测率高达 2.6×1015 琼斯。
{"title":"High-performance UV photodetector based on β-Ga2O3/GaN heterojunction prepared by a new route of reverse substitution growth","authors":"Yurui Han, Yuefei Wang, Chong Gao, Shihao Fu, WeiZhe Cui, Zhe Wu, Bingsheng Li, Aidong Shen, Yichun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.032","url":null,"abstract":"A broad-spectrum UV photodetector with ultrahigh detectivity and rapid response speed has been achieved in <em>β</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaN heterojunction, in which, the <em>β</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is synthesized by substituting oxygen for nitrogen in the top layer of the GaN matrix at high temperature. The processes and mechanism of transforming GaN with varying crystal quality into <em>β</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at high temperatures were studied in detail. The newly formed oxide layer is a monoclinic <em>β</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with (<span><math><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">2</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover></math></span>01) preferred orientation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements identified oxygen vacancies and surface flatness of <em>β</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, respectively, which are closely related to the crystal quality of GaN. The oxygen vacancies and the root mean square of morphology roughness of <em>β</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> decrease with the improvement of the precursor GaN crystal quality. The cross-section transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements showed that a hexagonal phase GaN<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3(1−x)/2</sub> intermediate layer with a thickness of 5 nm exists at the interface region between <em>β</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and hexagonal GaN. This indicates a molecular reconfiguration of the hexagonal system to a monoclinic system with oxygen substitution of nitrogen in GaN matrix. The metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) planar structure device achieved an ultrahigh detection capability (Responsivity=2493.5 A/W, Detectivity>10<sup>16</sup> Jones). The response time is in the order of milliseconds (τ<sub>r</sub>=0.27 ms, τ<sub>d1/</sub>τ<sub>d2</sub>=0.33 ms/4.3 ms). A self-powered UV optoelectronic rapid response (τ<sub>r</sub>=5 μs, τ<sub>d1/</sub>τ<sub>d2</sub>=0.13 ms/2.3 ms) with the responsivity of 0.6 mA/W and the detectivity of 5.3×10<sup>11</sup> Jones in the solar-blind wavelength region has been observed in the <em>β</em>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaN heterojunction without external bias. With a bias of −10 V loading, the response of the photodetector becomes a broad spectrum, covering the UVA-UVC wavelength range, and the photoresponsivity is up to 13.5 A/W. The detectivity reaches a high value of 2.6×10<sup>15</sup> Jones.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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