Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10014
D. Charlet, T. Ishibashi, A. Martens, M. Masuzawa, F. Mawas, Y. Peinaud, D. Zhou, F. Zomer
Abstract The physics scope of the Belle II experiment currently acquiring data at the SuperKEKB collider will expand with a polarized electron beam upgrade, as recently proposed. Among the required elements for this upgrade, a real time diagnosis of the polarization is necessary to ensure it is large for all bunches in the accelerator during its regular operation. This will be realized by inserting a Compton polarimeter in the accelerator. Its conceptual design is described and no show-stopper for its integration has been identified. An estimation of the sensitivity of the polarimeter is made by means of toy Monte-Carlo studies. The proposed design accounts for the constraint to preserve the performance of the SuperKEKB accelerator and to cope with the short time separation of successive bunches. We show that the polarimeter will measure for each bunch the polarization within five minutes with a statistical precision below 1% and systematic uncertainties below 0.5%. It has the capability of providing this information online on a similar timescale. This work paves the way towards future implementation of real-time Compton polarimetry in several future projects.
{"title":"Conceptual study of a Compton polarimeter for the upgrade of the SuperKEKB collider with a polarized electron beam","authors":"D. Charlet, T. Ishibashi, A. Martens, M. Masuzawa, F. Mawas, Y. Peinaud, D. Zhou, F. Zomer","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The physics scope of the Belle II experiment currently acquiring data at the SuperKEKB collider will expand with a polarized electron beam upgrade, as recently proposed. Among the required elements for this upgrade, a real time diagnosis of the polarization is necessary to ensure it is large for all bunches in the accelerator during its regular operation. This will be realized by inserting a Compton polarimeter in the accelerator. Its conceptual design is described and no show-stopper for its integration has been identified. An estimation of the sensitivity of the polarimeter is made by means of toy Monte-Carlo studies. The proposed design accounts for the constraint to preserve the performance of the SuperKEKB accelerator and to cope with the short time separation of successive bunches. We show that the polarimeter will measure for each bunch the polarization within five minutes with a statistical precision below 1% and systematic uncertainties below 0.5%. It has the capability of providing this information online on a similar timescale. This work paves the way towards future implementation of real-time Compton polarimetry in several future projects.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10019
L. Fischer, R. Naab, A. Trettin
Abstract Estimating the impact of systematic uncertainties in particle physics experiments is challenging, especially since the detector response is unknown analytically in most situations and needs to be estimated through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Typically, detector property variations are parameterized in ways that implicitly assume a specific physics model, which can introduce biases on quantities measured by an analysis. In this paper, we present a method to recover a model-independent, event-wise estimation of the detector response variation by applying a likelihood-free inference method to a set of MC simulations representing discrete detector realizations. The method provides a re-weighting scheme for every event, which can be used to apply the effects of detector property variations fully decoupled from the assumed physics model. Using a toy MC example inspired by fixed-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, we demonstrate the performance of our method. We show that it fully decouples the modeling of the detector response from the physics parameters to be measured in a MC forward-folding analysis.
{"title":"Treating detector systematics via a likelihood free inference method","authors":"L. Fischer, R. Naab, A. Trettin","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Estimating the impact of systematic uncertainties in particle physics experiments is challenging, especially since the detector response is unknown analytically in most situations and needs to be estimated through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Typically, detector property variations are parameterized in ways that implicitly assume a specific physics model, which can introduce biases on quantities measured by an analysis. In this paper, we present a method to recover a model-independent, event-wise estimation of the detector response variation by applying a likelihood-free inference method to a set of MC simulations representing discrete detector realizations. The method provides a re-weighting scheme for every event, which can be used to apply the effects of detector property variations fully decoupled from the assumed physics model. Using a toy MC example inspired by fixed-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, we demonstrate the performance of our method. We show that it fully decouples the modeling of the detector response from the physics parameters to be measured in a MC forward-folding analysis.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10023
F. Márquez, F.R. Palomo, F. Muñoz, D. Fougeron, M. Menouni
Abstract Dual-Interlocked-Cell (DICE) latches are tolerant to Single Event Effects (SEE) by design owing to intrinsic redundancy. In nanometric technologies, as in the 65 nm scale, there are new SEE vulnerabilities associated with charge sharing between nodes. Herein we present a systematic analysis of the robustness against radiation using a simulation software tool for analog and mixed-signal circuits (AFTU) that emulates the possible effects generated by particle impacts. In this paper, we evaluate the influence of SEE on circuit performance using this tool as an RHbD assessment for designers. An exhaustive study of the possible vulnerabilities of the DICE architecture is performed, including an evaluation of the proximity between critical nodes at the layout level. As a result, we propose several modifications to the cell implementation to optimize its robustness against Single Event Upsets (SEU). An assortment of five designs with different variations of the original DICE scheme was sent for fabrication on a new chip and tested under ion beams, with promising results showing a clear improvement in the SEU sensitivity of the cell. The best results come from a redesign of the load circuitry to avoid a SET2SEU effect and full interleaved layout to avoid charge sharing effects after a single event.
{"title":"Design optimization of a Dual-Interlocked-Cell in 65 nm CMOS tolerant to Single Event Upsets","authors":"F. Márquez, F.R. Palomo, F. Muñoz, D. Fougeron, M. Menouni","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dual-Interlocked-Cell (DICE) latches are tolerant to Single Event Effects (SEE) by design owing to intrinsic redundancy. In nanometric technologies, as in the 65 nm scale, there are new SEE vulnerabilities associated with charge sharing between nodes. Herein we present a systematic analysis of the robustness against radiation using a simulation software tool for analog and mixed-signal circuits (AFTU) that emulates the possible effects generated by particle impacts. In this paper, we evaluate the influence of SEE on circuit performance using this tool as an RHbD assessment for designers. An exhaustive study of the possible vulnerabilities of the DICE architecture is performed, including an evaluation of the proximity between critical nodes at the layout level. As a result, we propose several modifications to the cell implementation to optimize its robustness against Single Event Upsets (SEU). An assortment of five designs with different variations of the original DICE scheme was sent for fabrication on a new chip and tested under ion beams, with promising results showing a clear improvement in the SEU sensitivity of the cell. The best results come from a redesign of the load circuitry to avoid a SET2SEU effect and full interleaved layout to avoid charge sharing effects after a single event.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135921933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10018
V. Ananiev, A.L. Read
Abstract Approximating significance scans of searches for new particles in high-energy physics experiments as Gaussian fields is a well-established way to estimate the trials factors required to quantify global significances. We propose a novel, highly efficient method to estimate the covariance matrix of such a Gaussian field. The method is based on the linear approximation of statistical fluctuations of the signal amplitude. For one-dimensional searches the upper bound on the trials factor can then be calculated directly from the covariance matrix. For higher dimensions, the Gaussian process described by this covariance matrix may be sampled to calculate the trials factor directly. This method also serves as the theoretical basis for a recent study of the trials factor with an empirically constructed set of Asmiov-like background datasets. We illustrate the method with studies of a H → γγ inspired model that was used in the empirical paper.
{"title":"Linear approximation to the statistical significance autocovariance matrix in the asymptotic regime","authors":"V. Ananiev, A.L. Read","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Approximating significance scans of searches for new particles in high-energy physics experiments as Gaussian fields is a well-established way to estimate the trials factors required to quantify global significances. We propose a novel, highly efficient method to estimate the covariance matrix of such a Gaussian field. The method is based on the linear approximation of statistical fluctuations of the signal amplitude. For one-dimensional searches the upper bound on the trials factor can then be calculated directly from the covariance matrix. For higher dimensions, the Gaussian process described by this covariance matrix may be sampled to calculate the trials factor directly. This method also serves as the theoretical basis for a recent study of the trials factor with an empirically constructed set of Asmiov-like background datasets. We illustrate the method with studies of a H → γγ inspired model that was used in the empirical paper.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10031
A. Ruzzon, M. Maggiore, C. Roncolato, G. Ban, J.F. Cam, C. Gautier, C. Vandamme
Abstract One of the aim of the new project Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) is to produce and select new, neutron reach, isotopes [1,2,3,4]. The technique adopted to produce these species is the Isotope Selection On Line (ISOL) that postpones the separation of the isotopes after the beam production, using a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRMS). In order to allow a good separation of isotopes , the transverse emittance and the energy spread of the beam should have very low values, for this reason the Beam Cooler (BC) is located between the ISOL target, i.e. the beam source, and the HRMS. In the SPES project, where heavy isotopes are expected (mass number >100), the spectrometer resolution must be preferably higher than dm/m = 5 × 10 -5 and thus the features of the beam at the entrance of the HRMS should be at least ε n 95% < 8.3 × 10 -3 π mm mrad and σ E < 1.5 eV. BC devices are devoted to improve the beam features in terms of emittance and energy spread. A new BC has been designed and realized by the Laboratoire de Physique Corpuscolaire (LPC) at Caen, France, for the SPES facility at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), near Padova, Italy. BCs cool down the beam thanks to a dissipative process in which the thermal energy passes from the beam ions to another medium whose constituent is typically much lighter, Helium gas in our case. This process takes place inside a confinement system that on the one hand to limit the spread of the cooling medium, and on the other to allow the beam to continue along the required trajectory, in the presented device it is a row of radio frequency quadrupoles in an almost closed chamber. Some specifications of the BC described in this document: the RFQ is 723 mm long, its internal radius is 5 mm; the RFQ is included in the gas chamber which is 730 mm×280 mm×220 mm. Before it there is the injection part composed by, following the beam trajectory, a grounded pipe (388 mm long) and three focusing electrodes. On the opposite side there is the extraction part with two focusing electrodes. This document presents the main features of the new BC together with the results of a preliminary study where the beam dynamic has been simulated. The analysis embeds also the investigation of the gas distribution inside and outside the BC. The beam dynamic simulations are based on the Simion code [5] while the estimation of the gas distribution is computed with MolFlow+ [6]. Simulations show that accurately setting the BC leads to a large improvement of the emittance while the energy spread still needs to be improved. Limiting the gas pressure in the acceleration zone seems to allow the required final boost.
新项目“选择性生产外来物种”(SPES)的目标之一是生产和选择新的中子同位素[1,2,3,4]。生产这些物种所采用的技术是同位素在线选择(ISOL)，该技术使用高分辨率质谱仪(HRMS)延迟了光束生产后同位素的分离。为了实现同位素的良好分离，束流的横向发射度和能量扩散应该具有非常低的值，因此束流冷却器(BC)位于ISOL目标(即束流源)和HRMS之间。在期望使用重同位素(质量数>100)的SPES项目中，光谱仪分辨率必须最好高于dm/m = 5 × 10 -5，因此HRMS入口的光束特征应至少为ε n 95% <8.3 × 10 -3 π mm mrad和σ E <1.5 eV。BC器件致力于改善光束在发射度和能量扩散方面的特性。法国卡昂的体质实验室(LPC)为意大利帕多瓦附近的Legnaro国家实验室(LNL)的spe设施设计并实现了一个新的BC。由于一个耗散过程，BCs使光束冷却，在这个过程中，热能从光束离子传递到另一种介质，这种介质的成分通常要轻得多，在我们的例子中是氦气。这个过程发生在一个约束系统内，一方面限制冷却介质的扩散，另一方面允许光束沿着所需的轨迹继续，在这个装置中，它是一排射频四极杆，在一个几乎封闭的腔室中。本文档中描述的BC的一些规格:RFQ长723mm，内部半径5mm;RFQ包括在730 mm×280 mm×220毫米的毒气室中。在它之前是由一根接地管(长388毫米)和三个聚焦电极沿光束轨迹组成的注射部分。在另一侧有带两个聚焦电极的提取部分。本文介绍了新型BC的主要特点，并给出了模拟梁动力的初步研究结果。该分析还包括对BC内外气体分布的调查。光束动态模拟基于Simion代码[5]，气体分布估计使用MolFlow+计算[6]。仿真结果表明，精确设置BC可以大大提高发射度，但能量扩散仍有待改善。在加速区限制气体压力似乎允许所需的最终推进。
{"title":"Realization and simulations of the new SPES Beam Cooler","authors":"A. Ruzzon, M. Maggiore, C. Roncolato, G. Ban, J.F. Cam, C. Gautier, C. Vandamme","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the aim of the new project Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) is to produce and select new, neutron reach, isotopes [1,2,3,4]. The technique adopted to produce these species is the Isotope Selection On Line (ISOL) that postpones the separation of the isotopes after the beam production, using a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRMS). In order to allow a good separation of isotopes , the transverse emittance and the energy spread of the beam should have very low values, for this reason the Beam Cooler (BC) is located between the ISOL target, i.e. the beam source, and the HRMS. In the SPES project, where heavy isotopes are expected (mass number >100), the spectrometer resolution must be preferably higher than dm/m = 5 × 10 -5 and thus the features of the beam at the entrance of the HRMS should be at least ε n 95% < 8.3 × 10 -3 π mm mrad and σ E < 1.5 eV. BC devices are devoted to improve the beam features in terms of emittance and energy spread. A new BC has been designed and realized by the Laboratoire de Physique Corpuscolaire (LPC) at Caen, France, for the SPES facility at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), near Padova, Italy. BCs cool down the beam thanks to a dissipative process in which the thermal energy passes from the beam ions to another medium whose constituent is typically much lighter, Helium gas in our case. This process takes place inside a confinement system that on the one hand to limit the spread of the cooling medium, and on the other to allow the beam to continue along the required trajectory, in the presented device it is a row of radio frequency quadrupoles in an almost closed chamber. Some specifications of the BC described in this document: the RFQ is 723 mm long, its internal radius is 5 mm; the RFQ is included in the gas chamber which is 730 mm×280 mm×220 mm. Before it there is the injection part composed by, following the beam trajectory, a grounded pipe (388 mm long) and three focusing electrodes. On the opposite side there is the extraction part with two focusing electrodes. This document presents the main features of the new BC together with the results of a preliminary study where the beam dynamic has been simulated. The analysis embeds also the investigation of the gas distribution inside and outside the BC. The beam dynamic simulations are based on the Simion code [5] while the estimation of the gas distribution is computed with MolFlow+ [6]. Simulations show that accurately setting the BC leads to a large improvement of the emittance while the energy spread still needs to be improved. Limiting the gas pressure in the acceleration zone seems to allow the required final boost.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10022
Thomas Theodor Rudzki, Heiko Augustin, David Maximilian Immig, Ruben Kolb, Lukas Mandok
The Mu3e experiment searches for the lepton flavour violating decay μ + → e + e - e + with a target sensitivity of 1 event in 1016 decays. To achieve this goal, the experiment must minimize the material budget. The pixel detector uses High-Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (HV-MAPS) which are thinned down to 50 μm. Combined with gaseous helium as low density coolant, this results in only X/X 0 ≈ 0.1% per tracking layer. Both helium cooling and HV-MAPS are a novelty for particle physics experiments. Here, the work on successfully cooling a pixel tracker using gaseous helium, and performance data of the final HV-MAPS used by Mu3e, the MuPix11, is presented. The thermal studies focus on the two inner tracking layers, the Mu3e vertex detector, and the first operation of a functional thin pixel detector cooled with gaseous helium. Miniature turbo compressors are found to be sufficient to cool thin silicon pixel detectors at heat densities of up to 350 mW/cm2. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of using HV-MAPS combined with gaseous helium as a coolant for an ultra-thin pixel detector exploring new frontiers in lepton flavor.
Mu3e实验在10 ~ 16次衰变中以1个事件为目标灵敏度搜索违反衰变μ +→e + e - e +的轻子味。为了达到这个目标，实验必须尽量减少材料预算。像素探测器采用高电压单片有源像素传感器(High-Voltage Monolithic Active pixel Sensors, HV-MAPS)，厚度减薄至50 μm。结合气态氦作为低密度冷却剂，这导致每个跟踪层只有X/X 0≈0.1%。氦冷却和HV-MAPS都是粒子物理实验的新事物。本文介绍了利用气态氦冷却像素跟踪器的成功工作，以及Mu3e最终使用的HV-MAPS (MuPix11)的性能数据。热研究主要集中在两个内部跟踪层，Mu3e顶点探测器，以及用气态氦冷却的功能性薄像素探测器的首次运行。微型涡轮压缩机被发现足以冷却薄硅像素探测器在热密度高达350兆瓦/平方厘米。研究结果表明，将HV-MAPS与气态氦结合作为超薄像素探测器的冷却剂是可行的，可以探索轻子味的新领域。
{"title":"An ultra-light helium cooled pixel detector for the Mu3e experiment","authors":"Thomas Theodor Rudzki, Heiko Augustin, David Maximilian Immig, Ruben Kolb, Lukas Mandok","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10022","url":null,"abstract":"The Mu3e experiment searches for the lepton flavour violating decay μ + → e + e - e + with a target sensitivity of 1 event in 1016 decays. To achieve this goal, the experiment must minimize the material budget. The pixel detector uses High-Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (HV-MAPS) which are thinned down to 50 μm. Combined with gaseous helium as low density coolant, this results in only X/X 0 ≈ 0.1% per tracking layer. Both helium cooling and HV-MAPS are a novelty for particle physics experiments. Here, the work on successfully cooling a pixel tracker using gaseous helium, and performance data of the final HV-MAPS used by Mu3e, the MuPix11, is presented. The thermal studies focus on the two inner tracking layers, the Mu3e vertex detector, and the first operation of a functional thin pixel detector cooled with gaseous helium. Miniature turbo compressors are found to be sufficient to cool thin silicon pixel detectors at heat densities of up to 350 mW/cm2. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of using HV-MAPS combined with gaseous helium as a coolant for an ultra-thin pixel detector exploring new frontiers in lepton flavor.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10005
A. Marinoni, J.C. Rost, M. Porkolab
The PCI diagnostic is an internal reference interferometer that creates an image of absolutely calibrated electron density fluctuations integrated along the line of sight of the probing light beam. While conventional PCI diagnostics installed on fusion experiments worldwide employ light of wavelength equal to 10.59 $mu$~m, the same system using light at 1.55 $mu$~m wavelength would extend the spectral response in wave-number and frequency by factors of seven and over one hundred, respectively, thereby potentially providing quantitative measurements of the internal structure of density perturbations induced by either turbulent or radio-frequency waves, simultaneously covering ion to electron gyro-radius scales up to the GHz frequency region. Based on a previously developed 1.55 $mu$~m PCI prototype system, constraints to the design for such a diagnostic in fusion grade devices are presented and compared to those faced with the conventional method.
{"title":"Design considerations for an ultrahigh-bandwidth Phase Contrast Imaging system applied to fusion grade devices","authors":"A. Marinoni, J.C. Rost, M. Porkolab","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10005","url":null,"abstract":"The PCI diagnostic is an internal reference interferometer that creates an image of absolutely calibrated electron density fluctuations integrated along the line of sight of the probing light beam. While conventional PCI diagnostics installed on fusion experiments worldwide employ light of wavelength equal to 10.59 $mu$~m, the same system using light at 1.55 $mu$~m wavelength would extend the spectral response in wave-number and frequency by factors of seven and over one hundred, respectively, thereby potentially providing quantitative measurements of the internal structure of density perturbations induced by either turbulent or radio-frequency waves, simultaneously covering ion to electron gyro-radius scales up to the GHz frequency region. Based on a previously developed 1.55 $mu$~m PCI prototype system, constraints to the design for such a diagnostic in fusion grade devices are presented and compared to those faced with the conventional method.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10013
Z.G. Cao, Y.H. Guo, X.H Yang, C.M. Yan, M.Y. Hou
Abstract Accelerator-driven systems (ADS) are promising technologies for nuclear waste transmutation and energy production. The China ADS Front-end Superconducting Demo Linac (CAFe) is a prototype of the China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS), which aims to verify the feasibility of key technologies of CiADS. In this article, a novel method for historical data screening of the beam transport in the medium energy beam transport (MEBT) section of CAFe is presented. A clustering fusion algorithm based on unsupervised learning and beam transmission characteristics is designed to extract a large number of samples with the beam in steady-state transmission from historical beam data. A deep neural network model was constructed to fit the beam transport characteristics and verify the reliability of the screened data samples. The method can improve the efficiency and accuracy of data analysis and provide valuable insights for the optimization and control of beam transport in CAFe.
{"title":"Clustering fusion algorithm for selection of historical beam steady-state transmission data in CAFe facility","authors":"Z.G. Cao, Y.H. Guo, X.H Yang, C.M. Yan, M.Y. Hou","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accelerator-driven systems (ADS) are promising technologies for nuclear waste transmutation and energy production. The China ADS Front-end Superconducting Demo Linac (CAFe) is a prototype of the China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS), which aims to verify the feasibility of key technologies of CiADS. In this article, a novel method for historical data screening of the beam transport in the medium energy beam transport (MEBT) section of CAFe is presented. A clustering fusion algorithm based on unsupervised learning and beam transmission characteristics is designed to extract a large number of samples with the beam in steady-state transmission from historical beam data. A deep neural network model was constructed to fit the beam transport characteristics and verify the reliability of the screened data samples. The method can improve the efficiency and accuracy of data analysis and provide valuable insights for the optimization and control of beam transport in CAFe.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10010
Yuki Fujii
Abstract The COMET experiment at J-PARC, Japan, aims to search for muon to electron conversion with aluminium nuclei, achieving a sensitivity four orders of magnitude higher than the current upper limit at a 90% confidence level. The proton beam line has recently been completed, and muons have been successfully transported through the curved solenoid in the Phase-alpha of the experiment. In this paper, we will present preliminary results from the Phase-alpha beam measurement, the status of the intermediate sensitivity experiment (COMET Phase-I), and the ultimate goal of COMET Phase-II.
{"title":"A search for a muon to electron conversion in COMET","authors":"Yuki Fujii","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COMET experiment at J-PARC, Japan, aims to search for muon to electron conversion with aluminium nuclei, achieving a sensitivity four orders of magnitude higher than the current upper limit at a 90% confidence level. The proton beam line has recently been completed, and muons have been successfully transported through the curved solenoid in the Phase-alpha of the experiment. In this paper, we will present preliminary results from the Phase-alpha beam measurement, the status of the intermediate sensitivity experiment (COMET Phase-I), and the ultimate goal of COMET Phase-II.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10014
Hyesun Yang, Jiyong Shim, Duhee Jeon, Hyosung Cho
Abstract Panoramic radiography is a popular two-dimensional X-ray imaging modality in dentistry. It produces a single image of the overall facial view, including the maxillary and mandibular arches and supporting structures. Panoramic images are typically reconstructed using the shift-and-add (SAA) algorithm, in which only structures within a certain image layer are in focus, and others are out of focus on the panoramic image. As the clinical use of panoramic radiography has grown rapidly, radiologists are continuously seeking ways to reduce the radiation dose to patients. This study proposes a novel panoramic reconstruction method called the angle-limited backprojection (ALBP) algorithm for low-dose panoramic X-ray imaging. In ALBP, X-rays that meet the angular criterion established in this study are selected from the measured panoramic projection data and then backprojected onto the spherical voxels placed along the dental arch, as in a typical computed tomography reconstruction. The angular criterion selects X-rays that pass through a given spherical voxel and simultaneously have directional vectors within a prespecified angular range concerning the directional vector at the corresponding source position. To validate the efficacy of the proposed reconstruction method, we conducted a numerical simulation and experiment and investigated the image characteristics. Panoramic images were reconstructed using the SAA and ALBP algorithms with full and half (i.e., half radiation dose) panoramic projections, and their image quality was quantitatively evaluated using the intensity profile and universal quality index (UQI). The image quality of the ALBP with half projections was similar to that of the SAA with full projections, indicating the efficacy of the proposed method. Accordingly, our results demonstrated the potential for radiation dose reduction in panoramic X-ray imaging.
{"title":"Novel reconstruction method of angle-limited backprojection (ALBP) for low-dose dental panoramic X-ray imaging","authors":"Hyesun Yang, Jiyong Shim, Duhee Jeon, Hyosung Cho","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Panoramic radiography is a popular two-dimensional X-ray imaging modality in dentistry. It produces a single image of the overall facial view, including the maxillary and mandibular arches and supporting structures. Panoramic images are typically reconstructed using the shift-and-add (SAA) algorithm, in which only structures within a certain image layer are in focus, and others are out of focus on the panoramic image. As the clinical use of panoramic radiography has grown rapidly, radiologists are continuously seeking ways to reduce the radiation dose to patients. This study proposes a novel panoramic reconstruction method called the angle-limited backprojection (ALBP) algorithm for low-dose panoramic X-ray imaging. In ALBP, X-rays that meet the angular criterion established in this study are selected from the measured panoramic projection data and then backprojected onto the spherical voxels placed along the dental arch, as in a typical computed tomography reconstruction. The angular criterion selects X-rays that pass through a given spherical voxel and simultaneously have directional vectors within a prespecified angular range concerning the directional vector at the corresponding source position. To validate the efficacy of the proposed reconstruction method, we conducted a numerical simulation and experiment and investigated the image characteristics. Panoramic images were reconstructed using the SAA and ALBP algorithms with full and half (i.e., half radiation dose) panoramic projections, and their image quality was quantitatively evaluated using the intensity profile and universal quality index (UQI). The image quality of the ALBP with half projections was similar to that of the SAA with full projections, indicating the efficacy of the proposed method. Accordingly, our results demonstrated the potential for radiation dose reduction in panoramic X-ray imaging.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135921932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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