Acrylic is widely used in aquariums, windows of planes and submarines, and even scientific experiments like the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) and the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). Internal stress has a significant impact on the properties and characteristics of acrylic such as strength, fracture and creep, which is highly concerned and has become a hotspot in research field. The measurement of internal stress is an important issue, which includes two aspects - the calibration of stress-optical coefficient of acrylic and the measurement of birefringence optical path difference (BOPD) caused by internal stress. The measuring equipment mainly realize the measurement of BOPD, and currently have the largest dynamic range of 50–3000 nm. Dynamic range is considered as one of the core performance indicators of measuring equipment, and a larger dynamic range is urgently required to meet the needs of different scenarios. The novel equipment for measuring internal stress in acrylic has been designed and developed based on photo-elastic principle and spectrometric method, which has the dynamic range of 20–12000 nm and the uncertainty of stress measurement better than 3%. The measuring principle, components, functions and measurements of the novel measuring equipment are introduced and discussed in this article.
{"title":"The novel equipment for measuring internal stress in acrylic","authors":"Xiaoyu Yang, Yuekun Heng, Zhiqiang Chen, Cunfeng Wei, Zhiming Zhang, Long Wei","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Acrylic is widely used in aquariums, windows of planes and\u0000 submarines, and even scientific experiments like the Sudbury\u0000 Neutrino Observatory (SNO) and the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino\u0000 Observatory (JUNO). Internal stress has a significant impact on the\u0000 properties and characteristics of acrylic such as strength, fracture\u0000 and creep, which is highly concerned and has become a hotspot in\u0000 research field. The measurement of internal stress is an important\u0000 issue, which includes two aspects - the calibration of\u0000 stress-optical coefficient of acrylic and the measurement of\u0000 birefringence optical path difference (BOPD) caused by internal\u0000 stress. The measuring equipment mainly realize the measurement of\u0000 BOPD, and currently have the largest dynamic range of\u0000 50–3000 nm. Dynamic range is considered as one of the core\u0000 performance indicators of measuring equipment, and a larger dynamic\u0000 range is urgently required to meet the needs of different\u0000 scenarios. The novel equipment for measuring internal stress in\u0000 acrylic has been designed and developed based on photo-elastic\u0000 principle and spectrometric method, which has the dynamic range of\u0000 20–12000 nm and the uncertainty of stress measurement better than\u0000 3%. The measuring principle, components, functions and measurements\u0000 of the novel measuring equipment are introduced and discussed in\u0000 this article.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05056
C.J. Barton, W. Xu, R. Massarczyk, S. Elliott
For next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay experiments, extremely low backgrounds are necessary. An understanding of in-situ cosmogenic backgrounds is critical to the design effort. In-situ cosmogenic backgrounds impose a depth requirement and especially impact the choice of host laboratory. Often, simulations are used to understand background effects, and these simulations can have large uncertainties. One way to characterize the systematic uncertainties is to compare unalike simulation programs. In this paper, a suite of neutron simulations with identical geometries and starting parameters have been performed with Geant4 and MCNP, using geometries relevant to the LEGEND-1000 experiment. This study is an important step in gauging the uncertainties of simulations-based estimates. To reduce project risks associated with simulation uncertainties, a novel alternative shield of methane-doped liquid argon is considered in this paper for LEGEND-1000, which could achieve large background reduction without requiring significant modification to the baseline design.
{"title":"Examining LEGEND-1000 cosmogenic neutron backgrounds in Geant4 and MCNP","authors":"C.J. Barton, W. Xu, R. Massarczyk, S. Elliott","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay\u0000 experiments, extremely low backgrounds are necessary. An\u0000 understanding of in-situ cosmogenic backgrounds is critical to the\u0000 design effort. In-situ cosmogenic backgrounds impose a depth\u0000 requirement and especially impact the choice of host\u0000 laboratory. Often, simulations are used to understand background\u0000 effects, and these simulations can have large uncertainties. One way\u0000 to characterize the systematic uncertainties is to compare unalike\u0000 simulation programs. In this paper, a suite of neutron simulations\u0000 with identical geometries and starting parameters have been\u0000 performed with Geant4 and MCNP, using geometries relevant to the\u0000 LEGEND-1000 experiment. This study is an important step in gauging\u0000 the uncertainties of simulations-based estimates. To reduce project\u0000 risks associated with simulation uncertainties, a novel alternative\u0000 shield of methane-doped liquid argon is considered in this paper for\u0000 LEGEND-1000, which could achieve large background reduction without\u0000 requiring significant modification to the baseline design.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141143465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05058
Bo Wan, Gang Li, Kun Li, Dan Li, Qichang Huang, Yuan Xia, Wenbin Wei, Ying Luo, Miao Wang, Daibo Yang
The neutron measurement properties of Rh-SPNDs are greatly affected by their geometric constructions, which needs to be optimized while designing. This effect is reflected in the sensitivities for gamma and neutron detection. However, the influence on gamma sensitivity has not been fully analyzed before, which is of the same importance as neutron sensitivity. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively analyze the relationship between detector sensitivity and geometric dimensions. The effect of Rh-SPND structural and material parameters on neutron and gamma sensitivities has been calculated and analyzed through numerical simulations. The research results show that detector sensitivities are strongly depending on the detector size and its emitter shape. Moreover, the detector response to exogenous reactor gamma can be eliminated by optimizing the detector collector size.
{"title":"Study on structural and material dependence of Rhodium Self-powered Neutron Detector performance","authors":"Bo Wan, Gang Li, Kun Li, Dan Li, Qichang Huang, Yuan Xia, Wenbin Wei, Ying Luo, Miao Wang, Daibo Yang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The neutron measurement properties of Rh-SPNDs are greatly\u0000 affected by their geometric constructions, which needs to be\u0000 optimized while designing. This effect is reflected in the\u0000 sensitivities for gamma and neutron detection. However, the\u0000 influence on gamma sensitivity has not been fully analyzed before,\u0000 which is of the same importance as neutron sensitivity. Therefore,\u0000 it is necessary to quantitatively analyze the relationship between\u0000 detector sensitivity and geometric dimensions. The effect of Rh-SPND\u0000 structural and material parameters on neutron and gamma\u0000 sensitivities has been calculated and analyzed through numerical\u0000 simulations. The research results show that detector sensitivities\u0000 are strongly depending on the detector size and its emitter\u0000 shape. Moreover, the detector response to exogenous reactor gamma\u0000 can be eliminated by optimizing the detector collector size.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05025
A.Mohammad E. Alsulimane, B. Jon Taylor, C. Carlos Barajas, D. Alan Taylor, E. Gianluigi Casse, B. Ahmed Omar, F. Sergey Burdin
Neutron detection systems are of increasing importance in applications from basic science to medical applications and reactors. 3He proportional counters remain the most popular choice for monitoring thermal neutrons with a detection efficiency of around 60%, however, due to 3He global shortages, a new generation of detection technologies will be required to meet the rising demand. As a result, extensive research is being conducted to investigate alternative methods of neutron detection. This work presents such a system and demonstrates its calibration and evaluation using an AmBe neutron source. The detection system involves silicon sensors coated by converter layers to make the detectors sensitive to thermal neutrons via neutron capture and measurement of the resulting secondary charged particles. The detection system is presented in two configurations, a single and a multi-layer configuration, where the latter is used to increase the total detection efficiency. In addition, the system is capable of determining coincident signals from a single neutron capture, a feature which allows background suppression and an increase in the purity of the neutron signal which is particularly useful in mixed radiation environments.
{"title":"Development of a silicon-based thermal neutron detection system","authors":"A.Mohammad E. Alsulimane, B. Jon Taylor, C. Carlos Barajas, D. Alan Taylor, E. Gianluigi Casse, B. Ahmed Omar, F. Sergey Burdin","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Neutron detection systems are of increasing importance in applications from basic science to medical applications and reactors. 3He proportional counters remain the most popular choice for monitoring thermal neutrons with a detection efficiency of around 60%, however, due to 3He global shortages, a new generation of detection technologies will be required to meet the rising demand. As a result, extensive research is being conducted to investigate alternative methods of neutron detection.\u0000\u0000 This work presents such a system and demonstrates its calibration and evaluation using an AmBe neutron source. The detection system involves silicon sensors coated by converter layers to make the detectors sensitive to thermal neutrons via neutron capture and measurement of the resulting secondary charged particles. The detection system is presented in two configurations, a single and a multi-layer configuration, where the latter is used to increase the total detection efficiency. In addition, the system is capable of determining coincident signals from a single neutron capture, a feature which allows background suppression and an increase in the purity of the neutron signal which is particularly useful in mixed radiation environments.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05027
A. Drago, S. Bini, M. Cestelli Guidi, A. Marcelli, Valerio Bocci, E. Pace
The gravitational wave GW170817 from a binary neutron star merger and the simultaneous electromagnetic detection of the GRB170717A by Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, opened a new era in the multi-messenger astronomy. Furthermore, the GRBs (Gamma-Ray Bursts) and the mysterious FRBs (Fast Radio Bursts) have sparked interest in the development of new detectors and telescopes dedicated to the time-domain astronomy across the electromagnetic spectrum. Time-domain astronomy aims to acquire fast astronomical bursts in temporal range between a few seconds down to 1 ns. Fast InfraRed Bursts (FIRB's) have been relatively understudied, often due to the lack of appropriate tools for observation and analysis. In this scientific scenario, the present contribution proposes a new detection system for ground-based reflecting telescopes working in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range to search for astronomical FIRB's. Experience developed in the diagnostics for lepton circular accelerators can be used to design temporal devices for astronomy. Longitudinal diagnostic instruments acquire bunch-by-bunch particle shifts in the direction of flight, that is equivalent to temporal. Transverse device integrates the beam signal in the horizontal and vertical coordinates, as standard telescopes. The proposed instrument aims to work in temporal mode. Feasibility study tests have been carried out at SINBAD, the infrared beam line of DAFNE, the e+e- collider of INFN. SINBAD releases pulsed infrared synchrotron light with 2.7 ns separation. The front-end detector system has been evaluated to detect temporal fast infrared signals with 2–12 μm wavelengths and 1 ns rise times. The present contribute aims to be a step toward a feasibility study report.
{"title":"A proposal for a fast infrared bursts detector","authors":"A. Drago, S. Bini, M. Cestelli Guidi, A. Marcelli, Valerio Bocci, E. Pace","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The gravitational wave GW170817 from a binary neutron star merger and the simultaneous electromagnetic detection of the GRB170717A by Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, opened a new era in the multi-messenger astronomy. Furthermore, the GRBs (Gamma-Ray Bursts) and the mysterious FRBs (Fast Radio Bursts) have sparked interest in the development of new detectors and telescopes dedicated to the time-domain astronomy across the electromagnetic spectrum. Time-domain astronomy aims to acquire fast astronomical bursts in temporal range between a few seconds down to 1 ns. Fast InfraRed Bursts (FIRB's) have been relatively understudied, often due to the lack of appropriate tools for observation and analysis. In this scientific scenario, the present contribution proposes a new detection system for ground-based reflecting telescopes working in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range to search for astronomical FIRB's. Experience developed in the diagnostics for lepton circular accelerators can be used to design temporal devices for astronomy. Longitudinal diagnostic instruments acquire bunch-by-bunch particle shifts in the direction of flight, that is equivalent to temporal. Transverse device integrates the beam signal in the horizontal and vertical coordinates, as standard telescopes. The proposed instrument aims to work in temporal mode. Feasibility study tests have been carried out at SINBAD, the infrared beam line of DAFNE, the e+e- collider of INFN. SINBAD releases pulsed infrared synchrotron light with 2.7 ns separation. The front-end detector system has been evaluated to detect temporal fast infrared signals with 2–12 μm wavelengths and 1 ns rise times. The present contribute aims to be a step toward a feasibility study report.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141026335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with the development of real-time air quality monitoring based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This investigation aims to design and develop an UAV-based platform that can monitor a large number of air pollutants in real-time with high spatial and temporal resolution. The proposed environmental monitoring system consists of five main elements, namely the UAV, sensors, data storage module, programmable card, and IoT communication module. Estimated pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5) and toxic gases (carbon monoxide CO, nitrogen dioxide NO2, and carbon dioxide CO2) are detected by low-cost sensors. The ZigBee wireless protocol is used for communication between the PC and UAV. This work is carried out to assess the air quality in urban areas, given the heavy road traffic and the emissions of some companies. The data analyzed were collected from December 2, 2022 to January 3, 2023, in two major cities of Cameroon, Douala and Kribi. The periodic average values of the detected pollutants are 222 ± 22 μg/m3 and 85.7 ± 8.6 μg/m3 for PM2.5, 560.8 ± 1.0 ppm and 555.6 ± 1.0 ppm for CO2, 4.2 ± 0.2 ppm and 0.7 ± 0.1 ppm for NO2, and 27.6 ± 2.8 ppm and 4.5 ± 0.5 ppm for CO in Douala and Kribi respectively. This made it possible to have an air quality index (AQI) of 444.2 for Douala City and 171.3 for Kribi City. These high values indicate poor air quality during the measurement period.
{"title":"Real-time air quality monitoring based on locally developed unmanned aerial vehicle and low-cost smart electronic device","authors":"Jacob Mbarndouka Taamté, Michaux Kountchou Noube, Vitrice Ruben Folifack Signing, Yerima Abba Hamadou, Hosoda Masahiro, Sa\"{i}dou, Shinji Tokonami","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article deals with the development of real-time air\u0000 quality monitoring based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and\u0000 low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This investigation aims\u0000 to design and develop an UAV-based platform that can monitor a large\u0000 number of air pollutants in real-time with high spatial and temporal\u0000 resolution. The proposed environmental monitoring system consists of\u0000 five main elements, namely the UAV, sensors, data storage module,\u0000 programmable card, and IoT communication module. Estimated\u0000 pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5) and toxic gases\u0000 (carbon monoxide CO, nitrogen dioxide NO2, and carbon dioxide\u0000 CO2) are detected by low-cost sensors. The ZigBee wireless\u0000 protocol is used for communication between the PC and UAV. This work\u0000 is carried out to assess the air quality in urban areas, given the\u0000 heavy road traffic and the emissions of some companies. The data\u0000 analyzed were collected from December 2, 2022 to January 3, 2023, in\u0000 two major cities of Cameroon, Douala and Kribi. The periodic average\u0000 values of the detected pollutants are 222 ± 22 μg/m3 \u0000 and 85.7 ± 8.6 μg/m3 for PM2.5,\u0000 560.8 ± 1.0 ppm and 555.6 ± 1.0 ppm for CO2,\u0000 4.2 ± 0.2 ppm and 0.7 ± 0.1 ppm for NO2, and\u0000 27.6 ± 2.8 ppm and 4.5 ± 0.5 ppm for CO in Douala and\u0000 Kribi respectively. This made it possible to have an air quality\u0000 index (AQI) of 444.2 for Douala City and 171.3 for Kribi City. These\u0000 high values indicate poor air quality during the measurement\u0000 period.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141046947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05002
G.X. Chen, W. Ma, C.Y. Wang, Z.Y. Zhang, L. Zou, Z. Yang, J.H. Yang, L. Lu
A compact accelerator-driven neutron source is proposed at Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, called Sun Yat-Sen University Proton Accelerator Facility (SYSU-PAFA). The proton accelerator is composed of a proton electron cyclotron resonance source, a four-vane radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and an alternative phase focusing drift tube linac (APF-DTL). It can accelerate 10 mA proton beam to 8 MeV. Due to the high current, beam matching is particularly important. In order to achieve beam matching between various components, beam transport sections are needed. The beam transport line is divided into three segments. The Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) ensures that the beam parameters are matched before entering the RFQ. The Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) segment efficiently transfers the beam between the RFQ and DTL. The High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) focuses on transporting the beam to the targets. The design goal of beam transport line is as short as possible while ensuring high efficiency of beam transportation. SYSU-PAFA has an overall transmission efficiency of 99%, with optimal transverse matching conditions between beam transport and RFQ or DTL accelerators. The efficient use of solenoids and magnets allows for a compact transmission section, resulting in a total length of 13.6 meters, shorter than most accelerators at the same beam energy. This paper will provide the detailed beam dynamics of the compact accelerator.
中山大学中法核工程与技术研究院（Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University）提出了一种紧凑型加速器驱动中子源，称为中山大学质子加速器（Sun Yat-sen University Proton Accelerator Facility，SYSU-PAFA）。该质子加速器由质子电子回旋共振源、四叶片射频四极杆（RFQ）和替代相聚焦漂移管直列加速器（APF-DTL）组成。它能将 10 mA 质子束加速到 8 MeV。由于电流很大，束流匹配尤为重要。为了实现不同组件之间的光束匹配，需要光束传输部分。束流传输线分为三个部分。低能量光束传输（LEBT）确保光束参数在进入 RFQ 之前就已匹配。中能光束传输段（MEBT）在 RFQ 和 DTL 之间有效传输光束。高能光束传输（HEBT）主要是将光束传输到目标。光束传输线的设计目标是在确保高效光束传输的同时，尽可能缩短传输线。SYSU-PAFA 的总体传输效率高达 99%，光束传输与 RFQ 或 DTL 加速器之间的横向匹配条件最佳。电磁铁和磁铁的高效使用使得传输部分结构紧凑，总长度为 13.6 米，比相同光束能量下的大多数加速器都要短。本文将详细介绍紧凑型加速器的光束动力学特性。
{"title":"Design and beam dynamics simulation of an 8 MeV compact accelerator-driven neutron source","authors":"G.X. Chen, W. Ma, C.Y. Wang, Z.Y. Zhang, L. Zou, Z. Yang, J.H. Yang, L. Lu","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A compact accelerator-driven neutron source is proposed at\u0000 Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun\u0000 Yat-Sen University, called Sun Yat-Sen University Proton Accelerator\u0000 Facility (SYSU-PAFA). The proton accelerator is composed of a proton\u0000 electron cyclotron resonance source, a four-vane radio frequency\u0000 quadrupole (RFQ), and an alternative phase focusing drift tube linac\u0000 (APF-DTL). It can accelerate 10 mA proton beam to 8 MeV. Due to\u0000 the high current, beam matching is particularly important. In order\u0000 to achieve beam matching between various components, beam transport\u0000 sections are needed. The beam transport line is divided into three\u0000 segments. The Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) ensures that the beam\u0000 parameters are matched before entering the RFQ. The Medium Energy\u0000 Beam Transport (MEBT) segment efficiently transfers the beam between\u0000 the RFQ and DTL. The High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) focuses on\u0000 transporting the beam to the targets. The design goal of beam\u0000 transport line is as short as possible while ensuring high\u0000 efficiency of beam transportation. SYSU-PAFA has an overall\u0000 transmission efficiency of 99%, with optimal transverse matching\u0000 conditions between beam transport and RFQ or DTL accelerators. The\u0000 efficient use of solenoids and magnets allows for a compact\u0000 transmission section, resulting in a total length of 13.6 meters,\u0000 shorter than most accelerators at the same beam energy. This paper\u0000 will provide the detailed beam dynamics of the compact accelerator.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05004
S. Schreiner, C. Rauch, B. Akstaller, P. Bleuel, E. Fröjdh, V. Ludwig, A. Martynenko, P. Meyer, A. Mozzanica, M. Müller, P. Neumayer, M. Schuster, L. Wegert, B. Zielbauer, A. Wolf, G. Anton, T. Michel, S. Funk
Laser-driven shock waves in matter propagate with multiple kilometers per second and therefore require sources like a laser-driven backlighter, which emit the X-rays within picoseconds, to be able to capture sharp images. The small spatial extent of shocks in low-density materials pose challenges on the imaging setup. In this work, we present a design process for a single-shot X-ray phase-contrast imaging system geared towards these objects, consisting of a two-grating Talbot interferometer and a digital X-ray detector. This imaging system is optimized with respect to the detectable refraction angle of the X-rays induced by an object, which implies a high phase sensitivity. Therefore, an optimization parameter is defined that considers experimental constraints such as the limited number of photons, the required magnification, the size and spectrum of the X-ray source, and the visibility of the moiré fringes. In this way, a large parameter space is sampled and a suitable imaging system is chosen. During a campaign at the PHELIX high-power laser facility a static test sample was imaged which is used to benchmark the optimization process and the imaging system under real conditions. The results show good agreement with the predicted performance, which demonstrates the reliability of the presented design process. Likewise, the process can be adapted to other types of laser experiments or X-ray sources and is not limited to the application presented here.
物质中的激光驱动冲击波以每秒数公里的速度传播，因此需要像激光驱动背光灯这样的光源，在皮秒内发射 X 射线，才能捕捉到清晰的图像。低密度材料中冲击的空间范围较小，这给成像装置带来了挑战。在这项工作中，我们介绍了针对这些物体的单次 X 射线相位对比成像系统的设计过程，该系统由一个双光栅塔尔博特干涉仪和一个数字 X 射线探测器组成。该成像系统根据物体引起的 X 射线可探测折射角进行了优化，这意味着要有很高的相位灵敏度。因此，我们定义了一个优化参数，该参数考虑了实验限制因素，如有限的光子数量、所需的放大率、X 射线源的大小和光谱以及摩尔纹的可见度。通过这种方法，可以对较大的参数空间进行采样，并选择合适的成像系统。在 PHELIX 高功率激光设施的一次活动中，对一个静态测试样品进行了成像，该样品用于在真实条件下对优化过程和成像系统进行基准测试。结果显示与预测性能非常吻合，这证明了所介绍的设计过程的可靠性。同样，该过程也可适用于其他类型的激光实验或 X 射线源，并不局限于本文介绍的应用。
{"title":"Design of a Talbot phase-contrast microscopy imaging system with a digital detector for laser-driven X-ray backlighter sources","authors":"S. Schreiner, C. Rauch, B. Akstaller, P. Bleuel, E. Fröjdh, V. Ludwig, A. Martynenko, P. Meyer, A. Mozzanica, M. Müller, P. Neumayer, M. Schuster, L. Wegert, B. Zielbauer, A. Wolf, G. Anton, T. Michel, S. Funk","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Laser-driven shock waves in matter propagate with multiple kilometers per second and therefore require sources like a laser-driven backlighter, which emit the X-rays within picoseconds, to be able to capture sharp images. The small spatial extent of shocks in low-density materials pose challenges on the imaging setup. In this work, we present a design process for a single-shot X-ray phase-contrast imaging system geared towards these objects, consisting of a two-grating Talbot interferometer and a digital X-ray detector. This imaging system is optimized with respect to the detectable refraction angle of the X-rays induced by an object, which implies a high phase sensitivity. Therefore, an optimization parameter is defined that considers experimental constraints such as the limited number of photons, the required magnification, the size and spectrum of the X-ray source, and the visibility of the moiré fringes. In this way, a large parameter space is sampled and a suitable imaging system is chosen.\u0000 During a campaign at the PHELIX high-power laser facility a static test sample was imaged which is used to benchmark the optimization process and the imaging system under real conditions. The results show good agreement with the predicted performance, which demonstrates the reliability of the presented design process. Likewise, the process can be adapted to other types of laser experiments or X-ray sources and is not limited to the application presented here.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/c05030
L. Luzzi
DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon (LAr) direct-detection dark matter experiment, operating 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). The detector consists of 3.3 tons of LAr contained in a spherical acrylic vessel. At WIMP mass of 100 GeV, DEAP-3600 has a projected sensitivity of 10-46 cm2 for the spin independent elastic scattering cross section of WIMPs. Radioactive sources have been used for the energy calibration and to test the detector performance. One of the most effective calibration run has been taken with a 22Na source deployed in a tube located around the DEAP-3600 steel shell. The simultaneous emission of three γs by the source provides an excellent tagging for the 22Na decay. The results concerning the energy response of the detector and the agreement between data and Monte Carlo simulations in DEAP-3600 are investigated in this study.
{"title":"Study of the energy calibration of the DEAP-3600 detector using Na-22 source data and simulations","authors":"L. Luzzi","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/c05030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/c05030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon (LAr) direct-detection dark matter experiment, operating 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). The detector consists of 3.3 tons of LAr contained in a spherical acrylic vessel. At WIMP mass of 100 GeV, DEAP-3600 has a projected sensitivity of 10-46 cm2 for the spin independent elastic scattering cross section of WIMPs. Radioactive sources have been used for the energy calibration and to test the detector performance. One of the most effective calibration run has been taken with a 22Na source deployed in a tube located around the DEAP-3600 steel shell. The simultaneous emission of three γs by the source provides an excellent tagging for the 22Na decay. The results concerning the energy response of the detector and the agreement between data and Monte Carlo simulations in DEAP-3600 are investigated in this study.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141037883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05047
G. Colombo, A. Caracciolo, D. Mazzucconi, G. Borghi, M. Carminati, N. Protti, S. Altieri, S. Agosteo, C. Fiorini
We present a study on the neutron activation of a gamma-ray detector for a BNCT-SPECT dose imaging system. The detector is based on a LaBr3(Ce+Sr) scintillator crystal, coupled with a matrix of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs), read by a dedicated electronics system. This detector has successfully demonstrated to be capable to identify the 10B compounds when irradiating borated vials with thermal neutrons. However, a background signal around 478 keV was detected, suggesting the activation of the detector itself. This study aims to determine the origin of this background signal by simulating the two main parts of the detector, which are the crystal and electronic boards, in order to assess their contribution to the background signal. The results of the FLUKA simulations show that the neutron capture reactions on both the crystal and electronic boards cause a relevant background nearby the BNCT signal, thereby limiting the detector's sensitivity. To address this issue, a customized cadmium shielding has been developed. This solution was tested at the TRIGA Mark II research nuclear reactor of Pavia University, where experimental measurements and corresponding FLUKA simulations proved its effectiveness.
我们介绍了对用于 BNCT-SPECT 剂量成像系统的伽马射线探测器的中子活化研究。该探测器基于 LaBr3（Ce+Sr）闪烁晶体，与硅光电倍增管（SiPM）矩阵耦合，由专用电子系统读取。在用热中子辐照硼酸盐小瓶时，该探测器已成功证明能够识别 10B 化合物。然而，在 478 keV 附近检测到了一个背景信号，这表明探测器本身被激活了。本研究旨在通过模拟探测器的两个主要部分，即晶体和电子板，来评估它们对本底信号的贡献，从而确定本底信号的来源。FLUKA 模拟的结果表明，晶体和电子板上的中子俘获反应会在 BNCT 信号附近造成相关背景，从而限制探测器的灵敏度。为解决这一问题，开发了一种定制的镉屏蔽。该解决方案在帕维亚大学的 TRIGA Mark II 研究核反应堆上进行了测试，实验测量结果和相应的 FLUKA 模拟都证明了其有效性。
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