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Collective entrepreneurship in agriculture and its contribution to sustainable rural development in Greece 希腊农业集体创业及其对农村可持续发展的贡献
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1102109P
Sergaki Panagiota, S. Nastis
Agricultural Cooperatives, as member-owned and controlled agribusiness enterprises traditionally play an important role in upgrading the socio-economic status of their members and local Communities. However, in Greece, the majority of Agricultural Cooperatives face severe financial problems, which undermine their existence. In order to surpass this situation, they have sought means of enhancing their business dimension using more competitive forms of collaboration. These include alternative forms of collective entrepreneurship associated with the transformation of “Traditional Cooperatives” into “New Generation Cooperatives”, which under appropriate conditions can ensure their development and their members’ welfare. The typology developed in the present paper presents distinct patterns of collective entrepreneurship in which the traditional cooperative and the private enterprise are the extreme poles. The typology presented allows the comparison of alternative forms of collective entrepreneurship in the light of a threedimensional balance between economic development, environmental protection and social equity.
农业合作社作为成员拥有和控制的农业综合企业,传统上在提高其成员和当地社区的社会经济地位方面发挥着重要作用。然而,在希腊,大多数农业合作社面临严重的财政问题,这破坏了它们的存在。为了超越这种情况,他们已经寻求使用更具竞争力的合作形式来增强其业务规模的方法。其中包括与将“传统合作社”转变为“新一代合作社”有关的集体创业的其他形式,在适当的条件下可以确保合作社的发展及其成员的福利。本文发展的类型学呈现了不同的集体创业模式,其中传统合作社和私营企业是极端的两极。根据经济发展、环境保护和社会公平之间的三维平衡,所提出的类型学允许对不同形式的集体创业进行比较。
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引用次数: 13
Geografski aspekt životne sredine
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757383S
M. Stankovic
Geographical aspect of environment emphasize transfer from aggressive to real and constructive relation between man and society according to environment. It is justify only this projects, which emphasize prevention and abstract resultant reclamation of negative occurrence and processes in environment.
环境的地理方面强调人与社会根据环境的关系从进攻性的关系向现实的、建设性的关系转变。只有这样的项目是合理的,它强调预防和抽象的环境负面事件和过程的结果回收。
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引用次数: 0
Modifications in hotel industry in Vojvodina as a result of the transitional processes 作为过渡过程的结果,伏伊伏丁那省酒店业的变化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0959111V
Svetlana Vukosav, N. Ćurčić
In Vojvodina, the ownership transformation in hotel management was implemented in 90% by the end of the year 2008, and thus the new circumstances for qualitative changes were met in this area of business. The number, structure and categories of accommodation objects have changed significantly when compared to 1999. This is why this paper deals with parallel analysis of the characteristics of operating business and tourist events in the period from 1999 to 2007. This paper aims to point out the connection between the advanced conditions of work achieved through resolving the ownership transformation, upgraded general (macro) economic conditions in the country and faster opening of new guests accommodations in Vojvodina. It also identifies the disproportion in the economic importance of Vojvodina as the most developed region and small tourist turnover that is realized in this Autonomous Region.
在伏伊伏丁那省,到2008年底,90%的酒店管理所有权转型得到了实施,因此在这一业务领域实现了质变的新情况。与1999年相比,住宿对象的数量、结构和类别都发生了重大变化。这就是为什么本文对1999 - 2007年期间的经营业务和旅游事件的特征进行平行分析。本文旨在指出,通过解决所有制转型所取得的先进工作条件,提升了国家的总体(宏观)经济状况,加快了伏伊伏丁那新客人住宿的开放之间的联系。它还确定了伏伊伏丁那作为最发达地区的经济重要性和在这个自治区实现的小旅游营业额的不比例。
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引用次数: 2
Functional area of Belgrade and its impact on vital component in the example of settlements in the municipality of Stara Pazova 贝尔格莱德的功能区及其对斯塔拉帕佐瓦市住区的重要组成部分的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0756067M
D. Matijević
One has not still investigated the functional area of Belgrade sufficiently in a domain of domestic urban geography. For that reason, this paper analyzes the territory of the municipality of Stara Pazova as a part of Belgrade functional area, which does not belong to it administratively but connects the main city by firm spatial-functional interactions. The mentioned territory will be analyzed from the aspect of demographic development, i.e. in the example of population growth trend. The negative trend has characterized the dynamics of the vital element development for almost several years. However, even with the declining trend, the natural development of the population on the territory of the municipality of Stara Pazova differentiated in comparison with the remaining parts of Srem and Voivodina, owing to the late phenomenon of negative natural development of the population. Such legality of biological component development firmly connects the geographic legalities of the location and gravitation. The mentioned researches should point out if the territories belonging to the functional area of some town settlements represent the places of the demographic polarization, concentration and territories also differing from the areas that do not belong to the functional area of a town, according to the indicators of the vital trends. The results of the researches should confirm the thesis that urban regions represent relevant factors of the demographic polarity.
在国内城市地理学的领域内,人们还没有对贝尔格莱德的功能区进行充分的调查。因此,本文分析了斯塔拉帕佐瓦市的领土作为贝尔格莱德功能区的一部分,它在行政上不属于它,但通过牢固的空间功能互动连接主城。将从人口发展方面,即以人口增长趋势为例,对上述领土进行分析。这种消极趋势几乎是几年来至关重要因素发展动态的特点。然而,即使有下降趋势,斯塔拉帕佐娃市领土上人口的自然发展与斯雷姆和伏伊伏丁那的其他地区相比有所不同,这是由于人口负自然发展的后期现象。这种生物成分开发的合法性与区位和地心引力的地理合法性紧密相连。上述研究应指出,根据人口动态趋势的指标,属于某些城镇住区功能区的领土是否代表了人口两极分化、集中的地方,以及领土是否与不属于城镇功能区的地区有所不同。研究结果应证实城市区域代表人口极性的相关因素这一论点。
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引用次数: 0
Gora in the picture - Gora in the heart 戈拉在照片里,戈拉在心里
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/ijgi0251083t
Darko Tanasković
It has been said many times before and it will doubtless be repeated here today, and from very competent sources that Goranies are a truly unique, specfic ethnic community in our lands. They have carried their specfic character through the turbulent history of the Balkans, in uninterrupted continuity, since the Middle Ages to this day, and there are irrefutable records to prove it. What is the true essence of this specfic Gorany identity, which history and their neighbours are constantly challenging and threatening, and to which they cling so powerfully and so passionately as a guarantee of their survival? In short, in our time, the essence lies in that Goranies are Serbs by origin and Muslims by religion, or, even more fatefully, that this is how they want to remain, cherishing both components of their collective being. Can one be a Serb and a Muslim in this day and age? Processes in southeastern Europe, among the South Slavs, their politics and churches, have long moved in the direction where the only possible answer to this question is in the negative. All the forces of the world seem to have come into collusion not for the first time to persuade the Goranies of the impossibility of their survival as they are in their own lands. But Goranies are still here, in their beautiful Sar Mountains, and this is where they want to stay. The Gorany story, thus, is a testimonial to the threatened identity of a small ethnic group of peaceful, good and proud people, the target for the intolerant chauvinistic passions of Balkan nationalism, which Academician Milovan Ekmecic has aptly named "doomsday nationalism". The right to be different, which is all that Goranies ask, is under attack. The message of their philosophy of life is simple: Be whatever you want to be, but let us be what we are. We leave you alone, so please leave us alone! We are prepared to cooperate with everybody, we can endure and survive even without cooperation with those who do not want to cooperate; the only thing we are not prepared to do is to disappear just because somebody seems to wish and to be trying to make us disappear. Is it so much to ask? It seems to be far too
以前已经说过很多次了,今天毫无疑问还将从非常可靠的来源在这里重复说,戈拉纳人是我们土地上真正独特和具体的民族社区。从中世纪到今天,在巴尔干动荡的历史中,它们始终不间断地延续着自己的特点,有无可辩驳的记录可以证明这一点。历史和他们的邻国不断地挑战和威胁着这种特殊的戈拉尼身份,他们如此强烈和热情地把这种身份作为他们生存的保证,这种身份的真正本质是什么?简而言之,在我们这个时代,本质在于,戈兰尼人在血统上是塞尔维亚人,在宗教上是穆斯林,或者,更重要的是,这是他们希望保持的方式,珍惜他们集体存在的两个组成部分。在这个时代,一个人能同时是塞尔维亚人和穆斯林吗?在东南欧,在南斯拉夫人,他们的政治和教会中,这个问题的唯一可能答案是否定的。世界上所有的力量似乎都勾结在一起,这已经不是第一次了,他们要说服格兰尼人,他们不可能像在自己的土地上那样生存下去。但是大猩猩还在这里,在他们美丽的萨山,这是他们想呆的地方。因此,戈拉尼的故事证明了一小群和平、善良和骄傲的民族的身份受到威胁,他们是巴尔干民族主义不容忍的沙文主义激情的目标,米洛万·埃克梅奇院士恰当地称之为“末日民族主义”。特立独行的权利——这是格兰尼人唯一的要求——正在受到攻击。他们的人生哲学传达的信息很简单:成为你想成为的人,但让我们成为我们自己。我们离你远点,所以请离我们远点!我们准备与所有人合作,即使不与那些不想合作的人合作,我们也能忍受和生存;我们唯一不准备做的事情是,仅仅因为有人似乎希望并试图让我们消失而消失。这要求太过分了吗?似乎也太远了
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引用次数: 0
Primena GIS-a u hidrološkim istraživanjima - primer reke Lepenice
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757475M
A. Milanović, D. Štrbac
The basic component of GIS technology (Geographical Information Systems) is the base of graphical data, which can be used for geographical definition of spaces elements- entities. As a new, modern, technology, it has more application in different hydrological researches. In GIS creation Lepenica river basin, it was applied softwares: Micro Station, GeoMedia, Surfer 7. Map and AutoCAD. After data base creation, it was enabled for users to get different information of Lepenica river basin on the simple way. Getting data are used for creation of three thematic maps (altitude zones map, hydrographical net map and precipitation isoline map).
地理信息系统(GIS)技术的基本组成部分是图形数据的基础,它可以用于空间要素-实体的地理定义。作为一项新兴的现代技术,它在不同的水文研究中有着广泛的应用。在Lepenica河流域的GIS创建中,应用了Micro Station、GeoMedia、Surfer 7等软件。地图和AutoCAD。数据库创建后,使用户能够以简单的方式获取Lepenica河流域的不同信息。获取的数据用于制作三幅专题地图(高程带图、水文网图和降水等值线图)。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrological picture of Nišava trans-boundary catchment Nišava跨界集水区水文图片
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1002001H
N. Hristova
This work focuses on hydrographic and hydrological specific of Nisava River. It uses all hydrometric and cartographic information for the Bulgarian part of the catchment. Trans-boundary catchment of Nisava River includes four sub-basins, which are trans-borders too. There are a lot of karst areas in the river basin. The drainage density is 1.09 km/km2. Water resources of Nisava River are 170 million m3. They vary between 300.0 and 84.0 million m3. The period of high water appears in March/April and finishes in June. The frequency of monthly maximum is biggest in April or May. The monthly minimum appears most often in September or October. Floods in the catchment of the river Nisava are most often in March, May and June. Some of the rivers lose its waters in the karst areas and dries up during the summer. The average number of days with ice is between 10 and 70. The chemical and ecological status of river water is good. .
本文着重研究了尼萨瓦河的水文特征。它使用了集水区保加利亚部分的所有水文和地图资料。尼萨瓦河跨界集水区包括四个跨界子流域。河流流域有许多喀斯特地区。排水密度为1.09 km/km2。尼萨瓦河水资源1.7亿立方米。它们在300万到8400万立方米之间变化。高潮期出现在3月/ 4月,结束于6月。月最大值出现频率在4月和5月最大。月最低值通常出现在9月或10月。尼萨瓦河流域的洪水最常发生在3月、5月和6月。有些河流在喀斯特地区失去了水分,在夏天干涸。平均有冰的天数在10到70天之间。河水的化学和生态状况良好。
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引用次数: 1
Climate of Sokobanja basin and its influence on the development of agriculture Sokobanja盆地气候及其对农业发展的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1101013P
M. Pavlovic, A. Radivojević, L. Dimitrijević
The climate of Sokobanja basin has a significant influence on forming the economic character of this area. In the relation with other, primarily physical-geographical characteristics, climate of the Sokobanja basin has one of the greatest influences on the activities of the people who live there. The aim of this work is to analyze the basic climate elements and accordingly perceive their influence on the development of agriculture, as one of the most important activities of the population of this area.
索科班贾盆地的气候对该地区经济特征的形成有重要影响。在与其他主要是自然地理特征的关系中,Sokobanja盆地的气候对居住在那里的人们的活动有最大的影响之一。这项工作的目的是分析基本气候要素,并据此了解它们对农业发展的影响,农业是该地区人口最重要的活动之一。
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引用次数: 6
International nurse migrations: Global trends 国际护士移民:全球趋势
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1102053I
M. Ivković
This paper presents global trends of migration of nurses, as specific qualified personnel in high demand. In the last couple of decades, and especially in the last couple of years, many countries have faced the problem of insufficient healthcare workers, particularly nurses. Reasons for this occurrence might be found in the deficiencies of their education systems, as well as the population aging of northern and western countries. As a response to this deficiency, those countries have begun intensive recruitment of foreign qualified female healthcare workers, which has led to the point that nurse migration today presents a very intense, and by many accounts specific migration flow. Female migrating work force is often in pursuit of low-wage and lowqualified work. Nurse migration is actually an example of motion of qualified female migrants in pursuit for better employment opportunities. While such a way of filling up the vacant positions works for the “importing” countries as a temporary solution, departure of trained female personnel presents a significant loss for the originating countries. In this paper we pay special attention to the countries who are the main “importers”, but also to those who are “exporters” of nursing personnel, and to specific national strategies these countries have applied.
本文介绍了护士移民的全球趋势,作为高需求的特定合格人员。在过去的几十年里,特别是在过去的几年里,许多国家都面临着医护人员,特别是护士不足的问题。造成这种情况的原因可能是他们的教育制度的缺陷,以及北方和西方国家的人口老龄化。作为对这一不足的回应,这些国家已开始大量征聘外国合格的女性保健工作者,这导致今天的护士移徙是一种非常强烈的,而且在许多方面是具体的移徙流动。女性流动劳动力往往追求低工资、低资质的工作。护士移徙实际上是合格的女性移徙者为寻求更好的就业机会而流动的一个例子。虽然这种填补空缺的办法对“输入”国来说是一种临时解决办法,但训练有素的女性人员的离开对原产国来说是一个重大损失。在本文中,我们特别关注那些主要“进口国”的国家,也关注那些护理人员“出口国”的国家,以及这些国家实施的具体国家战略。
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引用次数: 12
ECOTOURISM - AN ALTERNATIVE TO MASS TOURISM IN NATURE PARK "STARA PLANINA" 生态旅游——大众旅游的另一选择
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1101043S
Uglješa Stankov, V. Stojanović, Vanja Dragićević, D. Arsenović
Stara planina has great natural and anthropogenic potentials for tourism development that have not been recognized by tourism experts. Intensive state interest for tourism development started in 2006, when started building of the master plan for winter tourism development at Babin zub area. However, most of the central part of the mountain is part of Nature Park “Stara planina” that can be endangered by mass tourism development. Within this context, this paper researches potentials for ecotourism, as an alternative to future mass tourism development. Started projects of mass tourism development cannot be stopped, but also they do not have negative impacts to natural surroundings. The aim of this paper is to represent ecotourism as a “conscience”, a correction factor of mass tourism development.
斯特拉普兰尼纳具有巨大的自然和人为旅游开发潜力,但尚未被旅游专家认识到。国家对旅游发展的强烈兴趣始于2006年,当时开始制定巴宾祖布地区冬季旅游发展总体规划。然而,山的大部分中心部分是“平原之星”自然公园的一部分,可能会受到大规模旅游发展的威胁。在此背景下,本文研究了生态旅游作为未来大众旅游发展的替代方案的潜力。已启动的大众旅游开发项目不能停止,也不能对自然环境造成负面影响。本文的目的是将生态旅游作为一种“良心”,一种大众旅游发展的纠正因素。
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引用次数: 22
期刊
Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cviji?, SASA
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