Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2055074
Marcos Alves Nicácio, J. Paes, L. Bufalino, Y. López, Sara Freitas de Sousa, Dercilio Junior Verly Lopes
Abstract Renewable products can ensure environmental sustainability, human health, and reduce the use of traditional products that have toxic compounds in their formulation. Therefore, the research aimed to evaluate the biological resistance of Pinus elliottii wood against xylophagous fungi and termites through impregnation with silica bioparticles (SiO2) obtained from rice husks. To obtain the silica, the material underwent chemical treatment, two cycles of acid leaching with hydrochloric acid, and heat treatment at 500 °C, 550 °C or 600 °C. The purity of the silica obtained was characterized by X-ray fluorescence technique (XRF), and the mean particle size by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SiO2 was applied to the specimens at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, and the impregnated samples were subjected to tests with brown rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum, Rhodonia placenta and Neolentinus lepideus), soft rot (taken from natural forest soil) and xylophagous termites (Nasutitermes corniger and Cryptotermes brevis). The thermal treatments promoted the obtainment of high purity bioparticles, with value of approximately 90% and diameter of 263.7 nm. In the termite test, the smallest loss of mass and damage were for the impregnated samples. Termite mortality increased with the concentration of solutions. SiO2 was not effective against xylophagous fungi, with no difference between treatments and controls, indicating that resistance was inherent in the wood itself.
{"title":"Effect of silica bionanoparticles obtained from rice husk for the treatment of wood of Pinus elliottii","authors":"Marcos Alves Nicácio, J. Paes, L. Bufalino, Y. López, Sara Freitas de Sousa, Dercilio Junior Verly Lopes","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2055074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2055074","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Renewable products can ensure environmental sustainability, human health, and reduce the use of traditional products that have toxic compounds in their formulation. Therefore, the research aimed to evaluate the biological resistance of Pinus elliottii wood against xylophagous fungi and termites through impregnation with silica bioparticles (SiO2) obtained from rice husks. To obtain the silica, the material underwent chemical treatment, two cycles of acid leaching with hydrochloric acid, and heat treatment at 500 °C, 550 °C or 600 °C. The purity of the silica obtained was characterized by X-ray fluorescence technique (XRF), and the mean particle size by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SiO2 was applied to the specimens at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, and the impregnated samples were subjected to tests with brown rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum, Rhodonia placenta and Neolentinus lepideus), soft rot (taken from natural forest soil) and xylophagous termites (Nasutitermes corniger and Cryptotermes brevis). The thermal treatments promoted the obtainment of high purity bioparticles, with value of approximately 90% and diameter of 263.7 nm. In the termite test, the smallest loss of mass and damage were for the impregnated samples. Termite mortality increased with the concentration of solutions. SiO2 was not effective against xylophagous fungi, with no difference between treatments and controls, indicating that resistance was inherent in the wood itself.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"158 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49233344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-02DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2056612
J. Paes, Fernanda Dalfiôr Maffioletti, Marcio Rogério da Silva, A. H. C. Ramalho, Jaqueline Rocha de Medeiros, Y. López, P. G. A. Segundinho, F. A. Rocco Lahr
Abstract Particleboards produced with other lignocellulosic materials, beyond wood, are promising products for the furniture and building construction components, as doors, lining, floor, partitions, and coverings. However, there is little information about the resistance of them to xylophagous organisms. This is important due the different uses of particleboards, where they will be subject to attacks by decaying organisms, which can affect a structure and put people at risk. The present study aims to determine the biological resistance of particleboard produced with pine, sugarcane bagasse and malva particles to xylophagous organisms. The particleboard was produced with different proportions of pine wood heat treated at 200 °C and malva fiber (outer layers) and sugarcane bagasse core glued with an adhesive based on polyurethane from castor oil. No-choice and choice feeding tests with dry wood (Cryptotermes brevis) and conehead (Nasutitermes corniger) termites were carried out for the resistance test to xylophagous organisms, in addition to a test with rotting fungi which cause brown (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta) and white rot (Irpex lacteus and Trametes versicolor). The trial with dry wood termites showed low mass losses, regardless of the proportions applied. The mass losses were accentuated for the test with conehead termite, having the particleboard composed of 100% pine been the most resistant among the boards tested. The greatest mass losses for fungal resistance were caused by Gloeophyllum trabeum. The particleboard produced with 100% pine (outer layer) showed the highest resistance to the tested xylophagous organisms.
{"title":"Biological resistance of sandwich particleboard made with sugarcane, thermally-treated Pinus wood and malva fiber","authors":"J. Paes, Fernanda Dalfiôr Maffioletti, Marcio Rogério da Silva, A. H. C. Ramalho, Jaqueline Rocha de Medeiros, Y. López, P. G. A. Segundinho, F. A. Rocco Lahr","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2056612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2056612","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Particleboards produced with other lignocellulosic materials, beyond wood, are promising products for the furniture and building construction components, as doors, lining, floor, partitions, and coverings. However, there is little information about the resistance of them to xylophagous organisms. This is important due the different uses of particleboards, where they will be subject to attacks by decaying organisms, which can affect a structure and put people at risk. The present study aims to determine the biological resistance of particleboard produced with pine, sugarcane bagasse and malva particles to xylophagous organisms. The particleboard was produced with different proportions of pine wood heat treated at 200 °C and malva fiber (outer layers) and sugarcane bagasse core glued with an adhesive based on polyurethane from castor oil. No-choice and choice feeding tests with dry wood (Cryptotermes brevis) and conehead (Nasutitermes corniger) termites were carried out for the resistance test to xylophagous organisms, in addition to a test with rotting fungi which cause brown (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta) and white rot (Irpex lacteus and Trametes versicolor). The trial with dry wood termites showed low mass losses, regardless of the proportions applied. The mass losses were accentuated for the test with conehead termite, having the particleboard composed of 100% pine been the most resistant among the boards tested. The greatest mass losses for fungal resistance were caused by Gloeophyllum trabeum. The particleboard produced with 100% pine (outer layer) showed the highest resistance to the tested xylophagous organisms.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"171 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46595797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2055770
M. J. Hossain, R. K. Ghosh, A. Das, S. Nath, Md. Rakibul Islam, Shaheen Akhter, Md Saidur Rahman
Abstract Determination of the chemical composition of biomaterial is important for their valued utilization in biorefinery. In this study, the chemical composition of five bamboo species, i.e., mitinga (Bambusa tulda), borak (Bambusa balcooa), rengoon (Thyrsostachys oliveri), orah (Dendrocalamus longispathus), and bajja (Bambusa vulgaris) were determined. The chemical characterization of these bamboo species can expedite a further study on the extraction of cellulose and lignin. α-cellulose content was in the range of 42.7–45.7% and Klason lignin content was 22.4–28.2%. The ash content was 1.8–4.3% for the studied five bamboo species. The α-cellulose and lignin content were similar to other non-timber spices. The ash content was lower than other non-timber species. Therefore, these species can be a potential source of raw material for biorefinery.
{"title":"Investigation of the potentiality of five bamboo species in biorefinery through analysis of chemical profiles","authors":"M. J. Hossain, R. K. Ghosh, A. Das, S. Nath, Md. Rakibul Islam, Shaheen Akhter, Md Saidur Rahman","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2055770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2055770","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Determination of the chemical composition of biomaterial is important for their valued utilization in biorefinery. In this study, the chemical composition of five bamboo species, i.e., mitinga (Bambusa tulda), borak (Bambusa balcooa), rengoon (Thyrsostachys oliveri), orah (Dendrocalamus longispathus), and bajja (Bambusa vulgaris) were determined. The chemical characterization of these bamboo species can expedite a further study on the extraction of cellulose and lignin. α-cellulose content was in the range of 42.7–45.7% and Klason lignin content was 22.4–28.2%. The ash content was 1.8–4.3% for the studied five bamboo species. The α-cellulose and lignin content were similar to other non-timber spices. The ash content was lower than other non-timber species. Therefore, these species can be a potential source of raw material for biorefinery.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"204 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46084018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2048668
Rizki Arisandi, S. N. Marsoem, G. Lukmandaru, J. Sutapa
Abstract This study aims to investigate the sugar components which play an important role in the process of heartwood formation in young Swietania mahagoni. The methanol-water (70/30, v/v) extract was analyzed by GC-MS to determine sugar constituents. The content of methanol-water extract ranged from 3.7 to 7.8% based on dried wood. After a 4-5 year duration of heartwood formation in the sapwood, monosaccharide and alditol fractions doubly increased. This was followed by almost five times the content of cyclitols. In a radial variation, the content of major monosaccharides including fructose, glucose, mannose and xylose decreased from sapwood to heartwood, while arabinose, galactose, and sucrose in the age 5 years were only found in the sapwood. Meanwhile, the main content of cyclitols and alditols (arabitol) significantly decreased from sapwood to heartwood. The main monosaccharides and disaccharides represented by sucrose played a key role in the process of heartwood formation. Further studies are required to investigate the phenolic and lipophilic components as both are involved in heartwood formation. In addition, similar studies on alditol and cyclitol regarding their role in tropical wood are necessary.
{"title":"Analysis of sugar components related to heartwood formation in young Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq trees","authors":"Rizki Arisandi, S. N. Marsoem, G. Lukmandaru, J. Sutapa","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2048668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2048668","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to investigate the sugar components which play an important role in the process of heartwood formation in young Swietania mahagoni. The methanol-water (70/30, v/v) extract was analyzed by GC-MS to determine sugar constituents. The content of methanol-water extract ranged from 3.7 to 7.8% based on dried wood. After a 4-5 year duration of heartwood formation in the sapwood, monosaccharide and alditol fractions doubly increased. This was followed by almost five times the content of cyclitols. In a radial variation, the content of major monosaccharides including fructose, glucose, mannose and xylose decreased from sapwood to heartwood, while arabinose, galactose, and sucrose in the age 5 years were only found in the sapwood. Meanwhile, the main content of cyclitols and alditols (arabitol) significantly decreased from sapwood to heartwood. The main monosaccharides and disaccharides represented by sucrose played a key role in the process of heartwood formation. Further studies are required to investigate the phenolic and lipophilic components as both are involved in heartwood formation. In addition, similar studies on alditol and cyclitol regarding their role in tropical wood are necessary.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"137 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44847339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2050759
Zhang Tao, Shuai Wang, Liping Zhang, Liujun Liu, Xian-liang Song
Abstract In this study, corncob residue was treated in advance with different three methods in order to remove lignin. The treated fibers were characterized using Zeta potential, WRV, and FAS-VII fiber analysis methods. The lignin removal rates of the corncob residue treated with sodium hypochlorite were determined to reach up to 92.81%. The average fiber length was 0.65 mm, and the average width was 34.11 µm. In addition, the obtained cellulose was modified by carboxymethylation to prepare carboxymethyl cellulose. The results indicated that the carboxymethyl cellulose obtained from the corncob residue could significantly improve the properties of paper. For example, when 1% carboxymethyl cellulose was added, the burst index, tensile index, folding endurance, and tear index of the experimental paper were improved by 16.7%, 27.65%, 57.3%, and 18.2%, respectively, compared with the control. The results of this study’s SEM analysis showed that the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose from corncob residue resulted in the fibers becoming more tightly combined, which in turn led to the improvement of paper strength properties.
{"title":"The preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose from corncob residue and its effects on paper properties","authors":"Zhang Tao, Shuai Wang, Liping Zhang, Liujun Liu, Xian-liang Song","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2050759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2050759","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, corncob residue was treated in advance with different three methods in order to remove lignin. The treated fibers were characterized using Zeta potential, WRV, and FAS-VII fiber analysis methods. The lignin removal rates of the corncob residue treated with sodium hypochlorite were determined to reach up to 92.81%. The average fiber length was 0.65 mm, and the average width was 34.11 µm. In addition, the obtained cellulose was modified by carboxymethylation to prepare carboxymethyl cellulose. The results indicated that the carboxymethyl cellulose obtained from the corncob residue could significantly improve the properties of paper. For example, when 1% carboxymethyl cellulose was added, the burst index, tensile index, folding endurance, and tear index of the experimental paper were improved by 16.7%, 27.65%, 57.3%, and 18.2%, respectively, compared with the control. The results of this study’s SEM analysis showed that the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose from corncob residue resulted in the fibers becoming more tightly combined, which in turn led to the improvement of paper strength properties.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"149 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46729299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2036194
Jiansong Chen, Liangliang An, Jihun Heo, J. Bae, H. Jeong, Yong Sik Kim
Abstract Lignin is a type of biomass that is generally found in nature and has a wide range of applications as a functional material. A novel sorbent, aminated lignin (AL), was synthesized in a one-step method to improve its adsorption capabilities. The AL was characterized through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. AL was small in size and had a clear obvious porous structure with a surface area of 47.1 m2·g−1, nearly ten times larger than that of kraft lignin, which was 4.75 m2·g−1. AL was utilized for the adsorption of cationic dyes (crystal violet, CV) and anionic dyes (Congo red, CR) from aqueous solutions. The maximum CV and CR adsorption of AL at 25 °C were 97.09 and 129.87 mg·g−1, respectively. Five factors affecting adsorption including adsorption time, pH of dyes, initial dye concentration, AL dosage, and adsorption temperature were investigated. The fitting results of the two dyes revealed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm equation. This study demonstrates that AL can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for both cationic and anionic dyes from wastewater.
{"title":"Utilization of aminated lignin as an adsorbent to remove cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions","authors":"Jiansong Chen, Liangliang An, Jihun Heo, J. Bae, H. Jeong, Yong Sik Kim","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2036194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2036194","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lignin is a type of biomass that is generally found in nature and has a wide range of applications as a functional material. A novel sorbent, aminated lignin (AL), was synthesized in a one-step method to improve its adsorption capabilities. The AL was characterized through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. AL was small in size and had a clear obvious porous structure with a surface area of 47.1 m2·g−1, nearly ten times larger than that of kraft lignin, which was 4.75 m2·g−1. AL was utilized for the adsorption of cationic dyes (crystal violet, CV) and anionic dyes (Congo red, CR) from aqueous solutions. The maximum CV and CR adsorption of AL at 25 °C were 97.09 and 129.87 mg·g−1, respectively. Five factors affecting adsorption including adsorption time, pH of dyes, initial dye concentration, AL dosage, and adsorption temperature were investigated. The fitting results of the two dyes revealed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm equation. This study demonstrates that AL can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for both cationic and anionic dyes from wastewater.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"114 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41584965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-13DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2036195
C. Ewulonu, Hongkun Wang, Xuran Liu, Min Wu, Yong Huang
Abstract Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) have been isolated from sunflower stalks through varying mechano-chemical process. The processing conditions were used to evaluate the structural differences between CNFs and LCNFs. This study has been able to establish that outside the strong lignin aromatic bands found in the FT-IR finger-print region of the LCNF, the CNF, LCNF, and the acid hydrolyzed samples (aCNF and aLCNF) possess same chemical structures. They however exhibited varying crystal systems with LCNF and aLCNF showing monoclinic and orthorhombic structures respectively, while CNF and aCNF were tetragonal and orthorhombic. The average crystallite size calculated from the XRD analysis shows that the lignin containing samples are larger in size (4.08 nm to 5.36 nm) than other samples (2.03 nm to 2.52 nm) while the average AFM heights of all samples ranged from 12 nm to 35 nm. The ultrasonic treatment was observed to have adversely affected the XRD crystallinity index of the cellulose nanofibril samples while improving that of lignin-containing samples. This underscores the importance of understanding the compromise to be established between structure and size in the fabrication of cellulose nanomaterials. This work has shown that despite the varying processing conditions and fiber components of the nanocellulose, they maintained similar FT-IR crystallinity ratios and crystalline structure meaning that LCNF can complement CNF where its properties supersedes and vice versa.
{"title":"Spectra and crystallographic analysis of combined ultrasonic and mild acid hydrolysis structural effects on lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)","authors":"C. Ewulonu, Hongkun Wang, Xuran Liu, Min Wu, Yong Huang","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2036195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2036195","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) have been isolated from sunflower stalks through varying mechano-chemical process. The processing conditions were used to evaluate the structural differences between CNFs and LCNFs. This study has been able to establish that outside the strong lignin aromatic bands found in the FT-IR finger-print region of the LCNF, the CNF, LCNF, and the acid hydrolyzed samples (aCNF and aLCNF) possess same chemical structures. They however exhibited varying crystal systems with LCNF and aLCNF showing monoclinic and orthorhombic structures respectively, while CNF and aCNF were tetragonal and orthorhombic. The average crystallite size calculated from the XRD analysis shows that the lignin containing samples are larger in size (4.08 nm to 5.36 nm) than other samples (2.03 nm to 2.52 nm) while the average AFM heights of all samples ranged from 12 nm to 35 nm. The ultrasonic treatment was observed to have adversely affected the XRD crystallinity index of the cellulose nanofibril samples while improving that of lignin-containing samples. This underscores the importance of understanding the compromise to be established between structure and size in the fabrication of cellulose nanomaterials. This work has shown that despite the varying processing conditions and fiber components of the nanocellulose, they maintained similar FT-IR crystallinity ratios and crystalline structure meaning that LCNF can complement CNF where its properties supersedes and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"125 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-13DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2036193
Junyuan Jiang, Huixiang Li, Jinhui Pang, C. Mei
Abstract Thermal modification could act as pretreatment for promoting silica sol impregnation in wood. It could create extra available channels and spaces for silica transportation and deposition owing to the presence of micro-cracks and enlarged pore size. The significant improvements on anti-hygroscopicity, hydrophobicity, and dimensional stability of treated wood were attributed to the degradation of cell wall polymer (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) and filling effect of silica in wood. The synergistic effect contained the reduction on –OH concentration owing to thermal degradation, and consumption of –OH groups via the interaction (Si–O–Si cross linked networks and Si–O–C covalent bonds) between silica and wood matrix. Furthermore, the degradation of cell wall polymers resulted in the increase of crystallinity in wood. However, the crystallinity turned to decrease due to the amorphous silica impregnation. The silica impregnation could compensate the mass loss caused by thermal degradation, leading to various weight percentage gains (WPGs) that depended on treatment temperature. Moreover, owing to the coverage and penetration of mineral silica in wood, acting as a thermal barrier, the thermal stability and surface hardness of treated wood improved prominently.
{"title":"Heat treatment induces chemical changes and silica sol penetration in wood for properties improvement: hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and surface hardness","authors":"Junyuan Jiang, Huixiang Li, Jinhui Pang, C. Mei","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2036193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2036193","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thermal modification could act as pretreatment for promoting silica sol impregnation in wood. It could create extra available channels and spaces for silica transportation and deposition owing to the presence of micro-cracks and enlarged pore size. The significant improvements on anti-hygroscopicity, hydrophobicity, and dimensional stability of treated wood were attributed to the degradation of cell wall polymer (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) and filling effect of silica in wood. The synergistic effect contained the reduction on –OH concentration owing to thermal degradation, and consumption of –OH groups via the interaction (Si–O–Si cross linked networks and Si–O–C covalent bonds) between silica and wood matrix. Furthermore, the degradation of cell wall polymers resulted in the increase of crystallinity in wood. However, the crystallinity turned to decrease due to the amorphous silica impregnation. The silica impregnation could compensate the mass loss caused by thermal degradation, leading to various weight percentage gains (WPGs) that depended on treatment temperature. Moreover, owing to the coverage and penetration of mineral silica in wood, acting as a thermal barrier, the thermal stability and surface hardness of treated wood improved prominently.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"104 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41374720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2033780
Roberta Dagher, T. Stevanovic, D. Ryan, V. Landry
Abstract Aqueous solutions of iron salts can be applied to a wood surface to modify its color. When applied on wood, iron ions are chelated by the wood’s natural phenolic compounds. The resulting color of the wood surface is due to the type of reaction products formed, such as mono-, bis- and tris- complexes of polyphenols with iron cations. In order to identify the different complexes formed on Quercus alba L. wood’s surface and the oxidation state of iron after application of different iron salts on the same wood species which influence the resulting color of wood’s surface, Mössbauer spectroscopy was performed directly on iron-stained wood samples. Colors of the stained wood samples, measured by a spectrophotometer, were analyzed in relation to the differences between the reaction products. The results showed that for a given wood species, the oxidation and reduction behavior of the iron depended on both the type of counterion and the oxidation state of the chosen iron salt.
{"title":"A note on Mössbauer analysis of white oak surfaces colored with aqueous iron salt solutions","authors":"Roberta Dagher, T. Stevanovic, D. Ryan, V. Landry","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2033780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2033780","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aqueous solutions of iron salts can be applied to a wood surface to modify its color. When applied on wood, iron ions are chelated by the wood’s natural phenolic compounds. The resulting color of the wood surface is due to the type of reaction products formed, such as mono-, bis- and tris- complexes of polyphenols with iron cations. In order to identify the different complexes formed on Quercus alba L. wood’s surface and the oxidation state of iron after application of different iron salts on the same wood species which influence the resulting color of wood’s surface, Mössbauer spectroscopy was performed directly on iron-stained wood samples. Colors of the stained wood samples, measured by a spectrophotometer, were analyzed in relation to the differences between the reaction products. The results showed that for a given wood species, the oxidation and reduction behavior of the iron depended on both the type of counterion and the oxidation state of the chosen iron salt.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"83 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2033779
N. Yusoff, S. S. Mohtar, T. N. Z. Tengku Malim Busu, A. Md Noor, N. Shaari, Hanapi Mat
Abstract In this study, cellulose was extracted from waste paper using alkaline and bleaching treatments. The flocculation performance of six quaternized cellulose (QC) samples (QC-1, QC-5, QC-10, QC-15, QC-20, and QC-30) was evaluated through kaolin suspension using the standard jar test method at varying flocculant dosages, kaolin concentrations, pH values, and settling times. The cellulose content of the waste paper and extracted celluloses were 68.6% and 78.1%, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the waste paper properties changed after chemical treatment, confirming that the extracted product was cellulose. The QC derivatives were homogeneously synthesized by reacting the extracted cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) in the aqueous medium of sodium hydroxide/urea. QC-15 exhibited a highly effective flocculation capability (99.67%) compared to alum (83.91%), with good performance in a wide pH range. The flocculation kinetics (kNo: 5.9 × 10−1 s-1) supported this finding. QC-15 removed 99.67% of turbidity compared to alum (83.9%). Besides, filtration of the conditioned sludge with QC-15 was relatively easy, with low specific resistance compared to the commercial alum. Overall, Q-15 was an effective and environmentally friendly flocculant with potential application for treating drinking water.
{"title":"Isolating and modifying cellulose from waste papers as flocculant for treating drinking water","authors":"N. Yusoff, S. S. Mohtar, T. N. Z. Tengku Malim Busu, A. Md Noor, N. Shaari, Hanapi Mat","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2033779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2033779","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, cellulose was extracted from waste paper using alkaline and bleaching treatments. The flocculation performance of six quaternized cellulose (QC) samples (QC-1, QC-5, QC-10, QC-15, QC-20, and QC-30) was evaluated through kaolin suspension using the standard jar test method at varying flocculant dosages, kaolin concentrations, pH values, and settling times. The cellulose content of the waste paper and extracted celluloses were 68.6% and 78.1%, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the waste paper properties changed after chemical treatment, confirming that the extracted product was cellulose. The QC derivatives were homogeneously synthesized by reacting the extracted cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) in the aqueous medium of sodium hydroxide/urea. QC-15 exhibited a highly effective flocculation capability (99.67%) compared to alum (83.91%), with good performance in a wide pH range. The flocculation kinetics (kNo: 5.9 × 10−1 s-1) supported this finding. QC-15 removed 99.67% of turbidity compared to alum (83.9%). Besides, filtration of the conditioned sludge with QC-15 was relatively easy, with low specific resistance compared to the commercial alum. Overall, Q-15 was an effective and environmentally friendly flocculant with potential application for treating drinking water.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"69 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43070683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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