Land Use Policy最新文献

The Turkish Land Readjustment (LR) System is a area-based system. The system is based on the principle of equal land contribution in return for the increase in value that will occur with the LR implementation. However, the applied area-based method is criticized because it does not ensure equality, does not include the construction of technical infrastructure and social facilities, is not participatory, and does not bring the increase in value to the public. For this reason, a study has been initiated by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change to diversify plan implementation tools. The article presents the results of the study regarding the value-based LR model. According to the findings of the research, as an alternative to the current area-based LR System in Turkey, the application of the value-based method will add a new dimension to the Turkish LR System. The fact that the country has a developed cadastral system ensures that area-based LR is carried out healthfully. However, the inadequacy of the valuation infrastructure makes the transition to value-based LR difficult. In Turkey, suddenly switching to value-based practices without a well-established valuation infrastructure may completely stop the existing parcel production capacity. For this reason, alternative models should be gradually incorporated into the system by eliminating the shortcomings of the current method. In the article, short, medium and long-term suggestions are presented for the management of the transition process, in line with the findings obtained from the research in the Turkish LR System.

Socially sustainable urban renewal hinges on active public participation, necessitating effective information sharing. Combining Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Ecological Network Analysis (ENA), this study longitudinally investigates how stakeholder information sharing evolves over the project lifecycle of neighborhood rehabilitation and its impacts on resident participation. A representative neighborhood rehabilitation project in Wuhan, China, serves as the study case, with data from 10 interviews, 35 questionnaires, and 3 focus groups. The study suggests that SNA and ENA are complementary and competent in identifying key stakeholders, as well as uncovering undesirable behaviors of manipulation and monopolization, and unhealthy relationships like exploitation and competition. Implementation unit and neighborhood committee emerged as principal information holders, while local media and tenant were least informed. SNA results underscore the central position of neighborhood committee in collecting and disseminating information, demonstrating significant autonomy and control throughout project lifecycle. Conversely, homeowner showed marked dependence and lacked control, particularly in the planning and design phase. ENA findings reveal neighborhood committee’s ongoing struggle with information exploitation, eroding its willingness and capacity to share information during the later phases of rehabilitation process. The information exploitation led to a fragile network that further marginalized local media, undermined by dwindling trust and autonomy. Notably, homeowners amplified their discourse power as project progressed, shifting from passive recipients to active decision-makers. Yet, well-informed homeowners monopolized information sharing, deliberately excluding others with conflicting interests, intensifying issues of inequity and opacity. Policy recommendations are provided to counter unhealthy stakeholder dynamics and promote equitable and inclusive public participation in urban renewal initiatives.

Forest carbon sinks can play an important role in mitigating climate change, but currently only a few policies exist globally where economic incentives are created for forest owners to maintain and strengthen sinks. This article aims to facilitate the design and implementation of governmental payment schemes for forest carbon uptake services by presenting a multidisciplinary analysis of the many challenges involved in such schemes and by proposing potential solutions. We assess the consequences, opportunities, and risks of carbon payment schemes from economic, ecological, social, and legal points of view based on existing literature. Our analysis is set in the context of the European Union (EU), but many of the central findings have relevance for a broader geographical area. The main economic challenges of implementing carbon payment schemes relate to potential leakage, the question of additionality, and uncertain forest-owner behavior. The most important ecological considerations include effects on soil carbon dynamics and biodiversity as well as issues of non-permanence and forest resilience. Our exploration of the social acceptance of carbon payments among the general public, key market actors such as forest owners and forest industry, and other stakeholders suggest that both the process of developing the scheme and its details are significant. Further, our legal analysis indicates that central challenges for carbon payment schemes within the EU rise from the requirement to comply with competition and state aid regulations. Finally, we synthesize our findings and suggest a two-step approach for introducing public carbon payments in an EU member state. Initially, the scheme could be launched via De minimis aid or the new aid scheme (GAFSRA). A low carbon price could be applied to moderate market effects, and the payments could be limited to additional carbon storage only. Peatlands, where tradeoffs exist between tree biomass carbon and soil carbon, should initially be excluded from the standard payment scheme, and regulated with command-and-control instruments and measure-based payments instead. In the future, an improved knowledge base and institutional changes may enable schemes that encompass all ecosystem carbon pools on all relevant soil types and create optimal incentives for both forest management and land-use choices by pricing all land-based sinks and emissions. Such schemes could utilize, e.g., cap-and-trade instruments and be complemented by import tariffs to control carbon leakage.

To promote the healthy development of cities, previous studies have long investigated the relationships between urban functions and crime. However, the use of either land use data or point of interest (POI) data to represent urban functions can yield inconsistent findings, potentially misguiding urban planners in crime prevention efforts. To address this issue, we systematically compare the effectiveness of land use and POI data in theft crime modeling with a case study of Beijing, China. Urban function features are constructed from both data sources by three measures, i.e., density, fraction, and diversity. Their global strengths are evaluated through negative binomial regression (NBR). Additionally, geographically weighted negative binomial regression (GWNBR) is employed to uncover their local strengths. Results indicate that POI data generally outperform land use data, with POI densities being the most effective. Nevertheless, optimal data sources and measures vary for urban functions and spatial context. Land use fractions could effectively capture large-scale functional areas, while POI fractions and POI densities are fit for small-scale facilities with distinct properties. This study advocates the complementary use of land use and POI data, offering valuable insights for urban planners and researchers to construct precise urban function indicators for crime modeling.

Governments are legally formalizing an increasing number of community forests by sharing and transferring tenure rights over state-owned forestland in an effort to reduce deforestation. However, there has been little evidence on whether their conservation effectiveness could be further strengthened through formalization. In Thailand, the Royal Forest Department began to register community forests in 2000. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of community forests in moderating the impact of deforestation pressures, highlighting the intrinsic ability of communities to protect their forests, and the effects of a legal formalization. In a spatial evaluation approach, statistical matching and fixed-effects models were used to analyze the effect of community-based forest conservation and its formalization on deforestation rates. Each analysis was conducted in provincial areas sampled from northern, north-eastern, and southern Thailand (680 community forests) to compare the impact of varying levels of deforestation pressure over a 14-year period from 2000 to 2014. The large majority of sampled communities protected their forests against substantial deforestation during the entire observation period, with 82 % experiencing less than 1 ha of deforestation and 60.15 % experiencing no deforestation at all. The median relative deforestation rate over this period was 0.21 %, with an interquartile range of 1.82 %. Their efforts reduced the likelihood of forest loss in regions of high deforestation pressure from approximately 30 % to almost zero. In contrast, the threat of deforestation did not significantly change after a formal registration. These findings were similar across different regions despite their biophysical and socio-economic differences. These findings suggest that while community efforts are central to forest conservation, the benefits of formalization in enhancing communal efforts appear to be subtle and thus remain inconclusive in the current context. Registered community forests are still affected by forest encroachment despite their successful conservation efforts. Thus, communities require stronger support from forest officials and local law enforcement agencies in both legal and technical capacities.

Spatially explicit priority optimization based on the tradeoffs and synergies between multiple ecosystem services (ESs) is greatly responsible for improving sustainable land use management and human well-being in ecologically fragile regions (EFRs). Here, Inner Mongolia, a typical EFR in China, was taken as the study area. Its five prominent ESs, i.e., soil retention (SR), carbon storage (CS), habitat quality (HQ), water yield (WY), and windbreak and sand-fixing (WS), were firstly evaluated. The local bivariate Moran's I and the sensitivity analysis were adopted to identify the spatial relationships between them, and the key social-ecological variables affecting ESs, respectively. To simulate the spatially explicit priority optimization areas, four scenarios were designed using the Bayesian belief network. Results showed the five ESs had heterogeneous spatial distributions and temporal dynamics. Variations in relationships between paired ESs were found across space and time. Regional factors, including both natural and human influence, influenced the ESs. The spatially explicit priority optimization areas for forest and grassland were showed in different areas by the scenario analysis. Besides, diverse sustainable land use policies from the perspectives of protection, planning, and management were also suggested. These findings could provide valuable references for EFR sustainable development worldwide.