Life Sciences in Space Research最新文献_第8页

Corrigendum to “Lunar Dust Induces Minimal Pulmonary Toxicity Compared to Earth Dust” [Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 45, May 2025, Pages 72-80] “与地球尘埃相比，月球尘埃引起的肺毒性最小”的勘误表[太空研究中的生命科学，第45卷，2025年5月，第72-80页]

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.02.009

Michaela B. Smith , Joshua Chou , Dikaia Xenaki , Samaneh Toukhanbeigli , Xu Bai , Hui Chen , Brian G.G. Oliver

引用次数: 0

Microgravity as a contributing factor to venous thromboembolism development: Risks and prevention strategies 微重力作为静脉血栓栓塞发展的促进因素：风险和预防策略

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.02.008

Nilanjana Ghosh, Iti Garg, Swati Srivastava

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) being the third most occurring cardiovascular disease in the world after Myocardial Infarction and Stroke is very fatal. Being a multi-factorial disease, several risk factors in the terrestrial condition plays crucial part in the disease topography. Once exposed to microgravity, the weightlessness influences several thrombotic parameters, thus making astronauts in-flight to develop higher blood viscosity and increased risk of VTE. An astronaut travelling to the International Space Station developed a blood clot in the left internal Jugular vein, according to a recent case report. A proven way of treating clot development in microgravity does not exist. The information for the current investigation was gathered from reports that were readily available on microgravity and venous thrombosis. Reports on the impact of ground-based analogue and microgravity on the coagulation system demonstrate significant variation in study approaches, goals, and results. Based on the information that is currently available, it has been determined that little is known about the risk factors, pathological regulation, repercussions, and clinical manifestations related to coagulation systems in spaceflight (microgravity). Data, however, indicates that astronauts may be subjected to an elevated coagulation state in the cerebral venous systems when in spaceflight because of an increase in venous pressure and a decrease or reversal of blood flow. High fibrinogen levels, endothelial injury, and to some extent hypercoagulation were also noted. The study recognizes the critical need for additional research to assess the pathogenic processes in the blood that take place during actual spaceflight. This vital knowledge will advise risk estimation, diagnostic possibilities, and countermeasures for thrombosis mitigation in a microgravity setting during future space travel.

静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）是继心肌梗死和中风之后世界上第三大心血管疾病，是非常致命的。作为一种多因素疾病，陆地条件下的几种危险因素在疾病地形中起着至关重要的作用。一旦暴露在微重力环境中，失重状态会影响几个血栓形成参数，从而使宇航员在飞行中产生更高的血液粘度，增加静脉血栓栓塞的风险。根据最近的一份病例报告，一名前往国际空间站的宇航员在左颈内静脉出现了血块。目前尚不存在治疗微重力下血栓形成的有效方法。目前调查的资料是从关于微重力和静脉血栓形成的现成报告中收集的。关于地面模拟和微重力对凝血系统影响的报告表明，研究方法、目标和结果存在显著差异。根据目前可获得的信息，人们对航天飞行（微重力）中凝血系统的危险因素、病理调节、影响和临床表现知之甚少。然而，数据表明，宇航员在太空飞行中可能会由于静脉压力增加和血流减少或逆转而导致脑静脉系统凝血状态升高。高纤维蛋白原水平，内皮损伤和一定程度的高凝也被注意到。这项研究认识到，迫切需要进行更多的研究，以评估实际太空飞行中血液中的致病过程。这一重要知识将为未来太空旅行期间在微重力环境下减少血栓形成的风险估计、诊断可能性和对策提供建议。

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引用次数: 0

Reduced set-shifting processing speed in male rats following low dose (10 cGy) proton exposure 低剂量（10 cGy）质子暴露后雄性大鼠的移位处理速度降低

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.02.007

Hui Ho Vanessa Chang , Gyutae Kim , Kyu-Sung Kim , Richard A. Britten

Space radiation (SR) exposure poses significant biomedical risks, including effects on the central nervous system (CNS). These risks are particularly relevant to cognitive function during long-duration space missions. One critical cognitive skill is decision-making, which requires attentional set-shifting (ATSET)—the ability to quickly assess problems, evaluate options, and select the best actions. Previous studies have shown that exposure to <10 cGy of SR ions impairs ATSET performance in animal models. However, the impact of low LET (< 1 keV/μm) protons, which significantly contribute to the total radiation flux astronauts encounter within spacecraft, on ATSET performance is unknown.

To address this gap, we evaluated the effects of cranial irradiation with 10 cGy of 100 MeV/n protons (LET = 0.732 keV/μm) on ATSET performance in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We also investigated whether concurrent exposure to variable gravity (hypergravity step-up, step down, purported to have the same effect as exposure to microgravity (another major spaceflight stressor) exacerbated SR-induced cognitive deficits. Our findings indicate that proton exposure alone significantly impaired ATSET performance, as evidenced by decreased processing speed while performing compound discrimination reversal and extra-dimensional shifting. Notably, no additive or synergistic effects were observed when hypergravity was combined with proton exposure.

The impact that low-dose proton exposure has on CNS functionality, particularly in reducing processing speed during complex tasks, warrant further investigation. If similar cognitive deficits were to occur in astronauts exposed to galactic cosmic rays, mission success and safety could be significantly compromised.

空间辐射暴露具有重大的生物医学风险，包括对中枢神经系统的影响。这些风险与长期太空任务期间的认知功能特别相关。一项关键的认知技能是决策，这需要注意力集中转移（ATSET）——快速评估问题、评估选项并选择最佳行动的能力。先前的研究表明，暴露于10 cGy的锶离子会损害动物模型的ATSET性能。然而，低LET (<；1 keV/μm)质子对宇航员在航天器内遇到的总辐射通量有很大影响，但对ATSET性能的影响尚不清楚。为了解决这一空白，我们评估了100 MeV/n质子（LET = 0.732 keV/μm）的10 cGy颅脑照射对雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠ATSET性能的影响。我们还调查了是否同时暴露于可变重力(超重力升压，降压，据称与暴露于微重力（另一个主要的太空飞行压力源）具有相同的效果，加剧sr诱导的认知缺陷。我们的研究结果表明，质子暴露会显著损害ATSET的性能，在进行复合识别逆转和额外维度转移时，处理速度会下降。值得注意的是，当超重力与质子暴露相结合时，没有观察到加性或协同效应。低剂量质子暴露对中枢神经系统功能的影响，特别是在复杂任务中降低处理速度的影响，值得进一步研究。如果暴露在银河宇宙射线下的宇航员也出现类似的认知缺陷，那么任务的成功和安全可能会受到严重影响。

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引用次数: 0

Solid rocket motor insulation adhesives with sporicidal activity promote planetary protection for deep space missions 具有杀菌活性的固体火箭发动机绝缘胶粘剂促进了深空任务的行星保护

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.02.006

Natalie R. Williams , Morgan R. Sisk , Thomas P. Lampton , Yo-Ann Velez Justiniano , Samuel W. Harris , Courtney M. Higgins , Zahra A. Hooda , Gianni Z. Parello , Ashley E. DeSilva , Chelsi D. Cassilly , Mark H. Bray , Mark R. Liles

To prevent microbial contamination of extraterrestrial biospheres, NASA has established planetary protection requirements for spacecraft bioburden reduction. For missions to land on the icy moons of the outer planets, solid rocket motors (SRM) commonly used as de-orbit and braking stages are of particular concern for planetary protection since microbial contamination may occur during spacecraft manufacturing and assembly and debris from the SRM can spread over large portions of the planetary surface after impact. In concept spacecraft designs for deep space missions, certain SRM regions are not expected to reach temperatures sufficient for sterilization prior to landing on Europa's icy and potentially viable surface. This study evaluated the antimicrobial properties of candidate primers, adhesives, and insulations commonly used in SRM designs. We observed significant reductions in the number of viable spores of Bacillus atrophaeus (75.0%), Bacillus pumilus (88.9%) or Bacillus subtilis (87.6%) by application of the Chemlok® 205 + 6450 adhesive, compared to no-adhesive controls, when applied onto a polybenzimidazole (PBI) insulation substrate. More consistent reductions in viable spores were observed after adhesives were applied to PBI insulation compared to other insulation types tested. An aqueous extract of Chemlok® 205 primer was observed to have sporicidal activity, and LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of multiple water-soluble compounds predicted to have antibacterial activity. The reduction in recovery of viable spores observed in this study was due to sporicidal compounds present in adhesives, the spore-binding capacity of insulation types, and physical damage to spores due to cryogrinding. Compounds within rocket motor primers, adhesives, and insulations can contribute to planetary protection efforts, particularly in missions to land on the icy moons of the outer planets. The combination of insulation and adhesive may be optimized for the purpose of bioburden reduction, and ultimately planetary protection risk mitigation.

为了防止外星生物圈受到微生物污染，NASA制定了减少航天器生物负荷的行星保护要求。对于在冰冷的外行星卫星上着陆的任务，通常用作离轨和制动阶段的固体火箭发动机（SRM）对行星保护特别重要，因为在航天器制造和组装期间可能发生微生物污染，SRM的碎片在撞击后可能散布在行星表面的大部分地区。在用于深空任务的概念航天器设计中，某些SRM区域预计在降落在木卫二冰冷且可能可行的表面之前无法达到足够的灭菌温度。本研究评估了SRM设计中常用的候选引物、粘合剂和绝缘体的抗菌性能。我们观察到，当将Chemlok®205 + 6450粘合剂涂在聚苯并咪唑（PBI）绝缘基质上时，与无粘合剂对照相比，使用Chemlok®205 + 6450粘合剂可显著减少萎缩芽孢杆菌（75.0%）、短小芽孢杆菌（88.9%）或枯草芽孢杆菌（87.6%）的活孢子数量。与测试的其他绝缘类型相比，将粘合剂应用于PBI绝缘后，观察到活孢子的减少更加一致。Chemlok®205引物的水提取物被观察到具有杀孢活性，LC-MS分析表明存在多种预计具有抗菌活性的水溶性化合物。本研究中观察到的活孢子回收率的降低是由于粘合剂中存在的杀孢化合物，绝缘类型的孢子结合能力以及由于冷冻磨削对孢子的物理损伤。火箭发动机底漆、粘合剂和绝缘材料中的化合物可以为行星保护做出贡献，特别是在登陆外行星冰冷卫星的任务中。可以优化绝缘材料和粘合剂的组合，以减少生物负担，并最终减轻行星保护风险。

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引用次数: 0

Simulated microgravity activates autophagy expression in the rat retina 模拟微重力激活大鼠视网膜自噬表达

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.02.004

Meng Liu , Yuyu Wang , Fei Ren , Wenqian Zhang , Hanwen Zheng , Rong Zhang , Caiyun Gao , Ling Luo , Chuang Nie , Jianwen Gu

Objective

This study aims to investigate the expression and possible role of autophagy in the retina of rats under microgravity.

Methods

Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated to either the tail suspension group (TS) or the control group (CTRL). To simulate microgravity-induced redistribution of cephalad fluid observed in space, the rats in the TS group underwent tail suspension for a duration of 4 weeks. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was applied to assess the ocular blood flow and thickness of the retina. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were used to investigate morphological changes and autophagosomes in the retina. Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy (ER-phagy) related proteins (ATF4, CHOP, and GRP78) in the rat retina were detected using an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The levels of autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, P62, LC3B, ATF4, CHOP, and GRP78) were quantified by Western blot (WB). The expression of ATG5 and ATG7 genes was examined via real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results

In fundus imaging signs, microgravity increases retinal thickness and the retinal vascular perfusion area. Moreover, microgravity also upregulates Beclin1, LC3B, ATF4, CHOP, and GRP78 while downregulating P62 in retina. It elevates the number of autophagosomes and activates autophagy and ER-phagy signaling pathways in retina.

Conclusion

Simulated microgravity can trigger the organism's intrinsic protective mechanisms, inducing the activation of autophagy (ER-phagy) in the retina, which may represent a self-defense mechanism against adverse conditions of microgravity-related stressors.

目的探讨微重力下大鼠视网膜细胞自噬的表达及其可能的作用。方法将成年SD大鼠随机分为悬尾组（TS）和对照组（CTRL）。为了模拟在太空中观察到的微重力诱导的头液再分配，TS组大鼠进行了为期4周的尾部悬吊。应用光学相干断层血管造影（OCTA）评估眼血流量和视网膜厚度。采用苏木精和伊红（H&；E）染色以及透射电镜（TEM）观察视网膜的形态学变化和自噬体。采用免疫荧光法（IFA）检测大鼠视网膜内质网自噬（ER-phagy）相关蛋白（ATF4、CHOP、GRP78）。Western blot （WB）检测自噬相关蛋白Beclin1、P62、LC3B、ATF4、CHOP、GRP78的表达水平。采用实时定量PCR （real-time quantitative PCR, qPCR）检测ATG5和ATG7基因的表达。结果在眼底影像学征象中，微重力使视网膜厚度增大，视网膜血管灌注面积增大。此外，微重力还上调Beclin1、LC3B、ATF4、CHOP和GRP78，下调视网膜中的P62。它增加自噬体的数量，激活视网膜自噬和er -吞噬信号通路。结论模拟微重力可以触发机体的内在保护机制，诱导视网膜自噬（ER-phagy）的激活，这可能是一种针对微重力相关应激源不利条件的自我防御机制。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Characterization of virulence-related phenotypes of Candida parapsilosis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the International Space Station (ISS)” [Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 45, May 2025, Pages 16-24] “从国际空间站（ISS）分离的假丝酵母和粘液红曲菌的毒力相关表型表征”的勘误表[生命科学在空间研究，第45卷，2025年5月，第16-24页]

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.02.003

Lauren Wilson , Kaitlyn Nielsen , Stefani Caspasso-Villanueva , Takara O'Brien , Lily A. Hefner , Paulina Slick , Logan Petty , Riley Dienna , Hugo Castillo , Alba Chavez

引用次数: 0

Lunar dust induces minimal pulmonary toxicity compared to Earth dust 与地球尘埃相比，月球尘埃的肺毒性最小

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.02.005

Michaela B. Smith , Joshua Chou , Dikaia Xenaki , Xu Bai , Hui Chen , Brian G.G. Oliver

Humans are returning to the moon and understanding the toxicity of lunar dust is crucial for successful missions. Apollo mission reports suggest that lunar dust poses significant inhalation risks. Previous studies on lunar dust simulants have shown tissue and cellular damage in the lungs. This study focuses on two new simulants, LMS-1 and LHS-1, which closely replicate the lunar dust of the mare and highland regions of the moon. BEAS-2B and A549 cells were treated with unprocessed LMS-1 and LHS-1 (100µg/ml, 1000µg/ml and 5000µg/ml). The simulants were processed to isolate particles ≤2.5 µm, allowing a direct comparison to Earth dust (airborne particulate matter). BEAS-2B and A549 cells were treated with processed simulants and Earth dust (10µg/ml, 50µg/ml, and 100µg/ml) for 48 and 72 h. Inflammation was measured by measuring IL-6 and IL-8 using ELISA and cell viability was measured using a trypan blue exclusion test. A time- and dose-dependent increase in IL-8 and IL-6 production by LMS-1 and LHS-1 exposure was found only in BEAS-2B cells. A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was found in both BEAS-2B and A549 cells with lunar dust simulant exposure. Particles ≤2.5 Âµms cause greater cell death than particles ≤1000µm. However, Earth dust induced greater cytokine release and was more toxic than lunar dust simulants. Lunar dust simulants did not increase SOD2 gene expression, indicating no increases in oxidative stress in either cell type. Therefore, our results suggest that lunar dust simulants are not highly toxic dusts, but rather a physical irritant. Future studies are needed to confirm the relative toxicity and irritant capacity of other lunar regions simulants.

人类正在重返月球，了解月球尘埃的毒性对任务的成功至关重要。阿波罗任务报告显示，月球尘埃有严重的吸入风险。先前对月球尘埃模拟物的研究表明，肺部组织和细胞受损。这项研究的重点是两个新的模拟装置，LMS-1和LHS-1，它们紧密地复制了月球的海洋和高地地区的月球尘埃。BEAS-2B和A549细胞分别用未处理的LMS-1和LHS-1（分别为100µg/ml、1000µg/ml和5000µg/ml）处理。模拟物经过处理以分离≤2.5µm的颗粒，从而可以直接与地球尘埃（空气中的颗粒物）进行比较。BEAS-2B和A549细胞分别用处理过的模拟物和土尘（10µg/ml、50µg/ml和100µg/ml）处理48和72 h。采用ELISA法检测IL-6和IL-8的炎症反应，采用台锥虫蓝排斥试验检测细胞活力。仅在BEAS-2B细胞中发现LMS-1和LHS-1暴露导致IL-8和IL-6产生的时间和剂量依赖性增加。BEAS-2B和A549细胞暴露于月球尘埃模拟物后，细胞活力均呈剂量依赖性下降。≤2.5 Âµms的颗粒比≤1000µm的颗粒更容易导致细胞死亡。然而，地球尘埃诱导了更多的细胞因子释放，并且比月球尘埃模拟物更具毒性。月球尘埃模拟物没有增加SOD2基因表达，表明两种细胞类型都没有增加氧化应激。因此，我们的研究结果表明，月球尘埃模拟物不是剧毒尘埃，而是一种物理刺激物。未来的研究需要确认其他月球区域模拟物的相对毒性和刺激能力。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of X-ray irradiation and housing conditions on mitochondria in Peromyscus maniculatus x射线照射和饲养条件对马齿鱼线粒体的影响

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.02.002

Agata M Rudolf , Emma M Rhodes , KayLene YH Yamada , Hippokratis Kiaris , Wendy R Hood

Challenging environmental conditions, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, can induce oxidative stress within mitochondria. However, organisms show variation in their capacity to cope with cellular stress. This study aimed to identify how housing conditions influence mitochondrial stress responses under exposure to radiation. We used North American deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), kept in standard rodent boxes or large semi-natural enclosures that allowed for natural levels of physical activity and social structures under ambient atmospheric conditions. Animals from each housing condition were exposed to 2000 mSv (2 Gy) of ionizing X-ray radiation, a dose comparable to long-term spaceflight. Animals were euthanized for analysis prior to irradiation (baseline), within four days post-irradiation, or one-month following irradiation. Relative mass of the liver was lower than the baseline for irradiated animals maintained in the semi-natural enclosures. State 4 and coupled and uncoupled state 3 respiratory capacity of liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria were lower four days after the exposure. Yet, a month after exposure these variables were comparable to baseline in muscle but remained lower in the liver. The mitochondrial volume was lower after irradiation relative to baseline and was higher in animals maintained in standard rodent boxes, in both tissues. Oxidative damage to lipids in liver was higher in animals kept in boxes, whereas in muscle it was higher in animals kept in the semi-natural enclosures, and oxidative damage to proteins did not change. These results suggest that a heterogenous environment with greater potential for activity may counter the effects of ionizing radiation, although this effect appears to be modest.

具有挑战性的环境条件，如暴露于电离辐射，可以诱导线粒体内的氧化应激。然而，生物体在应对细胞压力的能力上表现出差异。本研究旨在确定住房条件如何影响辐射暴露下的线粒体应激反应。我们使用北美鹿鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus），将其饲养在标准啮齿动物箱或大型半自然围栏中，在环境大气条件下允许自然水平的身体活动和社会结构。每种饲养条件下的动物都暴露在2000毫西弗（2戈瑞）的电离x射线辐射下，这一剂量相当于长期太空飞行。在辐照前（基线）、辐照后4天内或辐照后1个月内对动物实施安乐死以进行分析。肝脏的相对质量低于在半自然围栏中饲养的受辐照动物的基线。状态4和偶联和不偶联状态3的肝脏和骨骼肌线粒体呼吸能力在暴露后4天降低。然而，暴露一个月后，这些变量在肌肉中与基线相当，但在肝脏中仍然较低。与基线相比，辐照后线粒体体积较低，而饲养在标准啮齿动物箱中的动物两种组织的线粒体体积均较高。关在笼子里的动物肝脏脂质氧化损伤程度更高，而关在半自然笼子里的动物肌肉脂质氧化损伤程度更高，而蛋白质氧化损伤程度没有变化。这些结果表明，具有更大活动潜力的异质环境可能抵消电离辐射的影响，尽管这种影响似乎不大。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of suitable site candidates for Mars human habitat and life-support technologies based on in situ water resource utilization 基于原位水资源利用的火星人类栖息地适宜候选地分析及生命维持技术

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.02.001

Xi Zeng , Hang Wu , Yinuo Xu , Hui Liu , Beizhen Xie , Hong Liu

Human mission to Mars endowed with multiplex challenges has attracted global attentions in the space field. Life support technology is one of the key technologies for deep space exploration, which distinguishes human missions from unhuman ones. Among the life support materials for human space flight, water accounts for the largest weight. Realizing water recycling and in situ water resource utilization (ISWRU) is of great significance for reducing the dependence of human spacecraft on ground supply and for establishing sustainable Mars human habitats. Therefore, this review begins with the summarization of the existence forms and distribution of water on Mars in view of the water source for future human Mars exploration missions and the construction of Mars habitats. Then, suitable Mars human landing and habitat sites are discussed on the basis of convenient ISWRU. Finally, typical Mars habitat design concepts, bioregenerative life support technologies and potential Mars water extraction and purification technologies are also introduced, which we consider to be vital to Mars habitats with ISWRU capability.

人类火星探测任务面临多重挑战，引起了全球航天界的广泛关注。生命维持技术是深空探测的关键技术之一，是区分载人与非载人任务的关键技术之一。在人类太空飞行的生命维持材料中，水的重量最大。实现水循环利用和就地水资源利用（ISWRU）对于减少人类航天器对地面供应的依赖，建立可持续的火星人类栖息地具有重要意义。因此，针对未来人类火星探测任务的水源和火星栖息地的建设，本文首先对火星上水的存在形式和分布进行概述。在此基础上，探讨了适合人类在火星着陆和居住的地点。最后，介绍了典型的火星栖息地设计理念、生物再生生命支持技术和潜在的火星水提取和净化技术，我们认为这些技术对具有ISWRU能力的火星栖息地至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Solid waste management and resource recovery during the 4-crew 180-day CELSS integrated experiment CELSS 180 天综合实验期间的固体废物管理和资源回收

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.08.003

Weidang Ai , Yibing Deng , Chongyang Wu , Jingsong Yang , Yongkang Tang , Liangchang Zhang , Qingni Yu , Yinghui Li

In order to explore the management and treatment methods of solid waste in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) of future lunar bases, during the 4-crew 180-day integrated experiment, the Solid Waste Management and Treatment System (SWMTS) was built, in which the treatment of recyclable solid waste such as inedible plant parts and human excrement was completed through a combination of biological aerobic composting and high-temperature oxidation. Basic data on the types and amounts of solid waste generated during the 4-crew 180-day experiment mission were obtained. There were six types of solid wastes, including the work support wastes, the household support wastes, the plant cultivation wastes, the plant-based wastes, and crew feces. The daily average production was 0.67, 1.4, 0.32, 8.48, 0.534 kg/d, respectively. The proportion of plant-based wastes was high as 74.3 %, indicating that it was the most important part. By closed-loop air drying and graded crushing, all 1526.97 kg of plant-based waste was treated, with water recovery (about 1163.87 kg), as well as volume reduction and stabilization treatment. By incineration and aerobic composting treatment, 67.3 % (244.4 kg) of the plant-based wastes (dry weight) and all of the feces (96.26 kg) were converted, providing 339.54 kg carbon dioxide for plant growth. And 90.6 kg organic fertilizer was obtained. The fertilizer was highly mature, met safety requirements, and effectively improved lettuce yield. The recycling rate of renewable solid waste during the experiment reached 89.8 %. The efficient circulation of solid waste had been achieved during the 4-crew 180-day integrated experiment. The long-time experimental results have shown that the established solid wastes management and treatment system can timely treat biomass solid waste such as inedible parts of plants and crew feces, achieve timely recovery of water in such solid waste, and recycle carbon and other elements, which effectively improved the material closure of the system and ensured the successful 4-crew 180-day experiment. This work also maybe lay the foundation for the construction and operation of an ecological life support system for future lunar bases.

为了探索未来月球基地可控生态生命支持系统（CELSS）中固体废物的管理和处理方法，在 4 人 180 天的综合实验中，建立了固体废物管理和处理系统（SWMTS），通过生物好氧堆肥和高温氧化相结合的方法，完成对不可食用植物部分和人类排泄物等可回收固体废物的处理。在 4 个机组人员 180 天的实验任务中，获得了固体废物种类和数量的基本数据。固体废物共有六种，包括工作辅助废物、生活辅助废物、植物栽培废物、植物性废物和机组人员粪便。日均产生量分别为 0.67、1.4、0.32、8.48、0.534 千克/天。植物性废物所占比例高达 74.3%，表明它是最重要的部分。通过闭环空气干燥和分级破碎，1526.97 千克的植物性废物得到了处理，并回收了水分（约 1163.87 千克），同时还进行了减容和稳定化处理。通过焚烧和好氧堆肥处理，67.3%（244.4 千克）的植物性废物（干重）和全部粪便（96.26 千克）得到转化，为植物生长提供了 339.54 千克二氧化碳。此外，还获得了 90.6 千克有机肥料。肥料成熟度高，符合安全要求，有效提高了生菜产量。试验期间，可再生固体废弃物的回收率达到 89.8%。在 4 人 180 天的综合实验中，实现了固体废弃物的高效循环。长期的实验结果表明，所建立的固体废弃物管理和处理系统能够及时处理植物的不可食用部分和船员粪便等生物质固体废弃物，及时回收这些固体废弃物中的水分，并循环利用碳和其他元素，有效提高了系统的物质封闭性，确保了 4 船 180 天实验的成功。这项工作也可能为未来月球基地生态生命支持系统的建设和运行奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0