Materials Today Physics最新文献_第2页

Lightweight and highly heat-resistant copolymerized polyimide foams for superior thermal insulation and acoustic absorption 重量轻、耐热性高的共聚聚酰亚胺泡沫，具有出色的隔热和吸音效果

IF 1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101578

The development of lightweight and highly heat-resistant polyimide foams (PIFs) remains a great challenge in areas of aerospace, military ships, transportation, and industries. Herein, a series of lightweight and highly thermal-resistant copolymerized PIFs are successfully fabricated by the “stepwise heating-holding” thermal foaming of the copolymerized polyester ammonium salts (C-PEAS), using 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA) and 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (α-BPDA) as codianhydride, and p-phenylenediamine (PDA) as diamine. The introduction of α-BPDA increases the rigidity of PI molecule chains and foamability of C-PEAS, and significantly improves the heat resistance of PIFs. The resultant copolymerized PIFs exhibit ultra-low densities (<10 kg m⁻³), excellent heat resistance (T_g ranging from 351.2 °C to 405.6 °C), and high thermal stability. Moreover, they possess high flame retardancies (LOI>44 %) and low thermal conductivities (as low as 0.0463 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 20 °C and no more than 0.0825 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 200 °C), demonstrating their excellent thermal insulation properties in a wide temperature range. After the continuous heating at 200 °C for 40 min, the upper surface of PIFs present low average temperatures less than 60 °C. Additionally, the copolymerized PIFs exhibit remarkable acoustic properties with average acoustic absorption coefficients above 0.6 and noise reduction coefficients (NRC) above 0.3. Therefore, the lightweight and highly heat-resistant copolymerized PIFs show great application potentials in the extreme environments of aerospace, military ships, transportation, and industries.

轻质高耐热聚酰亚胺泡沫（PIF）的开发在航空航天、军用舰船、交通运输和工业领域仍是一项巨大挑战。在本文中，通过对共聚聚酯铵盐（C-PEAS）进行 "分步加热-保温 "热发泡，成功制造出一系列轻质高耐热共聚聚酰亚胺泡沫、以 3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐（BTDA）和 2,3,3′,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐（α-BPDA）作为二酐，对苯二胺（PDA）作为二胺。α-BPDA 的引入增加了 PI 分子链的刚性和 C-PEAS 的发泡性，并显著提高了 PIF 的耐热性。共聚后的 PIF 具有超低密度（10 kg-m-3）、优异的耐热性（Tg 范围为 351.2°C 至 405.6°C）和高热稳定性。此外，它们还具有高阻燃性（LOI>44%）和低导热性（20°C 时低至 0.0463 W-m-1∙K-1，200°C 时不超过 0.0825 W-m-1∙K-1），这表明它们在宽温度范围内具有出色的隔热性能。在 200°C 温度下持续加热 40 分钟后，PIF 上表面的平均温度低于 60°C。此外，共聚 PIF 还具有显著的声学特性，平均吸声系数高于 0.6，降噪系数（NRC）高于 0.3。因此，重量轻、耐热性高的共聚 PIF 在航空航天、军用船舶、交通运输和工业等极端环境中具有巨大的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances and new frontier of flexible pressure sensors: Structure engineering, performances and applications 柔性压力传感器的最新进展和新领域：结构工程、性能和应用

IF 1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101576

Global research on flexible pressure sensors for evaluating human wellness and intelligent robotics is intensifying due to their advantages of excellent flexibility, lightweight design, high sensitivity and ease of integration. To facilitate practical applications, challenges associated with high-performance must be addressed, such as the trade-off between high sensitivity and a wide linear sensing range, fast response/recovery time, limited hysteresis, and stability under both dynamic and static pressure conditions. Moreover, ensuring the sensors’ reliability under various interferences and their multi-functionality to meet diverse usage requirements is essential for future applications. In this review, we summarize the latest advancements in multiple microstructures within the active layer and/or electrodes, which ensure excellent sensing performances, superior reliability and multifunctional features. Specifically, we focus on the design, working principles and sensing features of advanced micropattern, micropores, fiber-network, and hybrid microstructures in pressure sensors based on hierarchical micro-/nano-structure, conductive gradient coatings or multilayer structures. Additionally, the applications of microstructured pressure sensors in the fields of healthcare and human-machine interaction are summarized. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects in the development of the next generation of flexible pressure sensors.

由于柔性压力传感器具有灵活性好、设计轻便、灵敏度高和易于集成等优点，全球对用于评估人体健康和智能机器人的柔性压力传感器的研究正在不断深入。为了促进实际应用，必须解决与高性能相关的挑战，例如在高灵敏度和宽线性传感范围、快速响应/恢复时间、有限滞后以及动态和静态压力条件下的稳定性之间进行权衡。此外，确保传感器在各种干扰下的可靠性及其多功能性，以满足不同的使用要求，对于未来的应用也至关重要。在本综述中，我们总结了活性层和/或电极内多重微结构的最新进展，这些微结构可确保优异的传感性能、卓越的可靠性和多功能特性。具体而言，我们将重点介绍基于分层微/纳米结构、导电梯度涂层或多层结构的压力传感器中先进的微图案、微孔、纤维网和混合微结构的设计、工作原理和传感功能。此外，我们还总结了微结构压力传感器在医疗保健和人机交互领域的应用。最后，我们讨论了开发下一代柔性压力传感器所面临的挑战和未来前景。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) via surface-covalent functionalization with porphyrin 通过卟啉表面共价功能化增强 MXene（Ti3C2Tx）的非线性光学特性

IF 1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101577

The surface terminations (=O, -OH, and -F) play a key role in determining the physical and chemical properties of MXenes, which have been demonstrated with significant potential in field-effect transistors, humidity sensors, energy storage, and photocatalysis, etc. It is therefore crucial to modify these active functional groups on the surface of MXenes in order to optimize the applicability of these materials. In this study, we introduce a covalent modification strategy to successfully construct a porphyrin-functionalized Ti₃C₂T_x organic-inorganic nanohybrid (TPP-Ti₃C₂T_x) by covalently attaching porphyrin molecules to the surface groups on Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets for the first time. As revealed by steady-state fluorescence spectra, transient fluorescence spectra, and DFT calculations, the robust covalent bonds between TPP and Ti₃C₂T_x can effectively promote the photon-induced electron and/or energy transfer within the TPP-Ti₃C₂T_x nanohybrid. The investigation on the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of TPP-Ti₃C₂T_x nanohybrid as well as its precursors, reveals that the TPP-Ti₃C₂T_x nanohybrid exhibits the highest nonlinear absorption coefficient and the lowest optical limiting threshold among the tested samples at both 532 and 1064 nm, indicating its great potential as a broadband optical limiter for visible and near-infrared wavelengths. This work not only demonstrates the significant promise of covalently-linked TPP-Ti₃C₂T_x nanohybrid in optical limiting applications but also provides a paradigm for engineering high-performance NLO MXenes-based materials through the covalent modification strategy.

表面端基（=O、-OH 和 -F）在决定二氧化二烯的物理和化学性质方面起着关键作用，二氧化二烯在场效应晶体管、湿度传感器、能量存储和光催化等方面具有巨大潜力。因此，为了优化这些材料的适用性，对 MXenes 表面的这些活性官能团进行修饰至关重要。在本研究中，我们首次将卟啉分子共价连接到 Ti3C2Tx 纳米片的表面基团上，采用共价修饰策略成功构建了卟啉功能化 Ti3C2Tx 有机-无机纳米杂化物（TPP-Ti3C2Tx）。稳态荧光光谱、瞬态荧光光谱和 DFT 计算表明，TPP 与 Ti3C2Tx 之间的共价键能有效促进 TPP-Ti3C2Tx 纳米杂化材料中光子诱导的电子和/或能量转移。对 TPP-Ti3C2Tx 纳米杂化物及其前驱体的非线性光学（NLO）特性的研究表明，TPP-Ti3C2Tx 纳米杂化物在 532 纳米和 1064 纳米波长的测试样品中表现出最高的非线性吸收系数和最低的光学限制阈值，这表明其作为可见光和近红外波长的宽带光学限制器的巨大潜力。这项工作不仅证明了共价连接的 TPP-Ti3C2Tx 纳米杂化材料在光限制应用中的巨大潜力，而且为通过共价修饰策略设计高性能 NLO MXenes 基材料提供了范例。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing the pinning landscape and related vortex pattern evolution in granular superconducting films 揭示粒状超导薄膜中的引脚分布及相关涡旋模式演化

IF 1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101575

Most superconducting electronics based on films exhibit granular structures. It has been suggested that grain boundaries form a network with relatively weak superconductivity, potentially acting as pinning centers. Yet, so far, detailed microscopic studies of the pinning landscape and its relation to vortex behavior remain scarce. Here, we imaged the vortex lattices (VL) in granular Nb films using magnetic force microscopy over large scanning areas at various magnetic fields. A non-monotonic evolution in the degree of vortex lattice ordering was observed with increasing vortex density, driven by a combination of vortex-vortex interactions and pinning effects. The spatial distribution of pinning potential within the film was directly mapped using a recently developed scanning quantum vortex microscope (SQVM). Instead of the network formed by grain boundaries, the pinning landscape presents a network-like structure, yet with domains significantly larger than the individual grains. The results of numerical simulations based on pinning landscape revealed by SQVM well reproduce our experiments. The pinning force per unit length at low magnetic fields was calculated. The critical current density, estimated from the relative positions of vortices, aligns well with the critical state model. Our work illustrates the relationship between the evolution of the vortex lattice with magnetic field and the structural features of granular Nb film, providing new insights into the design of high-performance superconducting electronic devices.

大多数基于薄膜的超导电子器件都呈现颗粒状结构。有人认为，晶界形成的网络具有相对较弱的超导性，有可能成为引脚中心。然而，迄今为止，有关引脚景观及其与涡旋行为关系的详细微观研究仍然很少。在这里，我们使用磁力显微镜在不同磁场下对粒状铌薄膜中的涡旋晶格（VL）进行了大面积扫描成像。在涡旋-涡旋相互作用和针刺效应的共同作用下，随着涡旋密度的增加，我们观察到涡旋晶格有序度的非单调演化。我们使用最近开发的扫描量子涡旋显微镜（SQVM）直接绘制了薄膜内针扎电位的空间分布图。与晶粒边界形成的网络结构不同，引脚分布呈现出类似网络的结构，但其域明显大于单个晶粒。基于 SQVM 所揭示的针刺图的数值模拟结果很好地再现了我们的实验。我们计算了低磁场下单位长度上的针刺力。根据涡旋的相对位置估算出的临界电流密度与临界状态模型非常吻合。我们的工作说明了涡流晶格随磁场的演变与粒状铌薄膜结构特征之间的关系，为高性能超导电子器件的设计提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Intelligent hybrid hydrogel with nanoarchitectonics for water harvesting from acidic fog 利用纳米结构的智能混合水凝胶从酸雾中收集水分

IF 1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101574

With the development of society, the demand for water resources has risen has increased sharply, and water shortage is becoming a huge challenge to mankind. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to develop a convenient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly fog harvesting material. In this work, inspired by lotus stem with efficient water transport characteristics, the intelligent hybrid hydrogel (IHH) synergistically combines the characteristics of the pH-sensitive PDMAEMA polymer chain and thermo-switchable PNIPAM polymer chain, which simultaneously realizes superior efficient acidic fog uptake (∼6.5 g/g), high-density acidic fog storage, ultra-fast clean water releasing in the efficiency of ∼90 % for 12 min at 60 °C and high cycling stability (∼25 cycles). It is mainly attributed that the amine groups of the PDMAEMA chains are protonated under acidic state, and further the hydration is enhanced, and thus resulting the hydrogel to absorb the acid fog and swell. The PNIPAM polymer can achieve a rapidly reversible phase transition from a hydrophilic state to a hydrophobic one when the temperature beyond LCST, achieving the water releasing quickly. This IHH achieves preliminary water purification, which converts the harvested acidic fog into clean water as the freshwater generator. The IHH offers an insight into the design of novel materials that serve as the freshwater generator in complex environments of practical applications such as fog harvesting devices or systems.

随着社会的发展，人们对水资源的需求急剧增加，水资源短缺正成为人类面临的巨大挑战。因此，开发一种方便快捷、成本低廉、环境友好的集雾材料显得尤为迫切。本研究从具有高效输水特性的荷花茎中汲取灵感，将 pH 敏感的 PDMAEMA 聚合物链和热切换的 PNIPAM 聚合物链的特性协同结合，开发出智能杂化水凝胶（IHH），同时实现了优越的高效酸性雾吸收（∼6.5 g/g）、高密度酸性雾存储、超快速洁净水释放（60°C 下 12 分钟释放效率∼90%）和高循环稳定性（∼25 次循环）。这主要是因为 PDMAEMA 链上的胺基团在酸性状态下质子化，进一步增强了水合作用，从而导致水凝胶吸收酸雾并膨胀。当温度超过 LCST 时，PNIPAM 聚合物可实现从亲水态到疏水态的快速可逆相变，从而达到快速释水的目的。这种 IHH 实现了初步的水净化，将收获的酸性雾转化为清洁水，作为淡水生成器。IHH 为设计新型材料提供了启示，这些材料可在雾收集装置或系统等实际应用的复杂环境中用作淡水发生器。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effect of lone-pair electron and atomic distortion in introducing anomalous phonon transport in layered PbXSeF (X= Cu, Ag) compounds with low lattice thermal conductivity 孤对电子和原子畸变在具有低晶格热导率的层状 PbXSeF（X= 铜、银）化合物中引入反常声子输运的协同效应

IF 1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101572

Using first-principles calculations, self-consistent phonon theory and Boltzmann transport theory, the crystal structure, phonon and electronic transport, and thermoelectric (TE) properties of PbXSeF (X = Cu, Ag) compounds are comprehensive explored in the current work. The heterogeneous bonding characteristics along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions lead to low lattice thermal conductivities in PbXSeF (X = Cu, Ag) compounds. The low lattice thermal conductivity is primarily attributed to strong anharmonicity caused by the lone-pair electrons of Pb. Notably, the PbCuSeF compound, despite the lighter mass in comparison with PbAgSeF, exhibits relatively lower lattice thermal conductivity. Such finding can be attributed to the distortion introduced by Cu atom, which leads to strong quartic anharmonicity, and thereby suppressing the heat-carrying phonons through the rattling-like behavior of Cu atom. The lone-pair electrons of Pb²⁺ and the heterogeneous bonding characteristics in PbXSeF (X = Cu, Ag) compounds contribute the multi-valley band degeneracy, resulting the decoupling of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity with carrier concentration while generating in a high power factor. Our current work not only illustrates the fundamental insights into the low lattice thermal conductivity and related anomaly of layered PbXSeF (X = Cu, Ag) compounds based on the four-phonon scattering and multiple carrier scattering rates, but also highlights the anisotropic feature of electronic and thermal transport properties.

本研究利用第一原理计算、自洽声子理论和玻尔兹曼输运理论，全面探讨了 PbXSeF（X = 铜、银）化合物的晶体结构、声子和电子输运以及热电（TE）特性。面内和面外方向的异质成键特性导致 PbXSeF (X = Cu, Ag) 复合物具有较低的晶格热导率。进一步的评估表明，超低晶格热导率主要归因于 Pb2+ 原子的单对电子引起的强非谐性。值得注意的是，尽管 PbCuSeF 复合物的质量比 PbAgSeF 轻，但其晶格热导率却相对较低。这一发现可归因于铜原子引入的畸变，畸变导致了强烈的四次方非谐波，从而通过铜原子的类似振荡行为抑制了载热声子。在 PbXSeF（X = Cu、Ag）化合物中，铅原子的孤对电子和异质成键特性导致了多谷带退化，从而使塞贝克系数和电导率与载流子浓度脱钩，同时产生高功率因数。我们目前的研究工作不仅基于四声子散射和多载流子散射率，从根本上揭示了层状 PbXSeF（X = 铜、银）化合物的低晶格热导率和相关异常现象，而且突出了电子和热传输特性的各向异性特征。

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引用次数: 0

Rational design of MnCoGe alloys for enhanced magnetocaloric performance and reduced thermal hysteresis 合理设计锰钴锗合金以提高磁致性能并减少热滞后

IF 1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101573

MnCoGe alloys are widely recognized as an important family of rare-earth-free magnetocaloric materials by engineering its magnetostructural coupling for giant entropy changes. However, its practicability for magnetic refrigeration is largely hindered by the large thermal hysteresis. In this work, we show that the co-doped MnCoGe compound, namely Mn_0.95Cu_0.03CoGe with 2 both mol% Mn vacancies and 3 mol% Cu-doping for Mn, displays a maximum entropy change of 29.0 J kg⁻¹K⁻¹ at 295 K under a magnetic field of 5 T, together with a relative cooling power as high as 314.5 J kg⁻¹ and a record low thermal hysteresis of 16 K. The co-doping strategy in MnCoGe finely tunes the structural transition temperature within the range of Curie temperature window, leading to a strong magnetostructural coupling and giant magnetocaloric effect. Meanwhile, Mn-deficiency and Cu-doping considerably reduce the energy difference between martensitic and austenitic MnCoGe, rendering a minimal thermal hysteresis. Our co-doped MnCoGe alloys are robust candidates for near-room-temperature magnetic refrigeration.

钴锗锰合金通过磁结构耦合作用产生巨大的熵变，被广泛认为是重要的无稀土磁致冷材料系列。然而，它在磁制冷方面的实用性在很大程度上受到大热滞后的阻碍。在这项研究中，我们发现共掺杂的 MnCoGe 化合物（即 Mn0.95Cu0.03CoGe，锰空位为 2 mol%，掺杂铜的锰含量为 3 mol%）在 5 T 的磁场下于 295 K 时的最大熵变为 29.0 J kg-1K-1，相对制冷功率高达 314.锰钴锗中的共掺杂策略在居里温度窗口范围内对结构转变温度进行了微调，从而产生了强大的磁结构耦合和巨大的磁致效应。同时，缺锰和掺铜大大降低了马氏体和奥氏体锰钴锗之间的能量差，使热滞最小。我们的共掺杂锰钴锗合金是近室温磁制冷的可靠候选材料。

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引用次数: 0

Superior bendability enabled by inherent in-plane elasticity in Bi2Te3 thermoelectrics 利用 Bi2Te3 热电材料固有的面内弹性实现卓越的可弯曲性

IF 1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101570

With the rapid development of modern wearable electronics, powerful and deformable thermoelectric generators have become an urgent need as the power units that convert environmental or body heat into electricity. Existing efforts mostly focused on the assistance for deformability by substrates/additives, the resultant devices usually output much less power and showed very poor power retainment. Elasticity is inherent to all solids, which therefore offers an intrinsic solution for making thermoelectrics deformable without compromise in power output because of its full recoverability. This work demonstrates this in best-performing (Bi, Sb)₂(Te, Se)₃ thermoelectrics near room temperature, ending up in the film devices with both extraordinary power density and robust recoverable bendability. This originates from the inherent large elasticity for the in-plane orientation, which is enabled by an easy tape stripping approach for the Van der Waals layered structure, allowing the realization of both powerfulness and bendability that are equally important for wearable thermoelectrics.

随着现代可穿戴电子设备的快速发展，迫切需要功能强大、可变形的热电发生器作为将环境或人体热量转化为电能的动力装置。现有的努力大多集中在通过基材/添加剂来帮助实现可变形性，由此产生的设备通常输出的功率要小得多，而且功率保持能力非常差。弹性是所有固体所固有的，因此，它提供了一个内在的解决方案，使热电半导体器件具有可变形性，并且由于其完全可恢复性而不会影响功率输出。这项工作在室温附近性能最佳的 (Bi，Sb)2(Te，Se)3 热电半导体中证明了这一点，最终薄膜设备具有超高功率密度和强大的可恢复弯曲性。这源于面内取向的固有大弹性，而范德华层状结构的简易胶带剥离方法使这种弹性成为可能，从而实现了对可穿戴热电设备同样重要的功率密度和可弯曲性。

引用次数: 0

Building TiO2-Ti3C2Tx heterojunction by microwave-assisted hydrothermal as an amphiphilic nanoreactor for high-performance lithium sulfur batteries 通过微波辅助水热法构建 TiO2-Ti3C2Tx 异质结，作为高性能锂硫电池的两性纳米反应器

IF 1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101571

The adoption of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries faces significant obstacles due to the notorious lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle effect and sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics. To tackle these issues, MXene, with the unique layered structures and metal centers, have emerged as promising additives in Li-S batteries, effectively hindering the migration of polysulfides through physical and chemical confinement mechanisms. However, MXenes inherently lack robust anchoring sites for LiPSs, leading to suboptimal cycle stability. Here, TiO₂-Ti₃C₂T_x (TT) heterojunction derived from MXene is constructed by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MAH). This innovative TT composite incorporates an amphiphilic nanoreactor that synergistically adsorbs, catalyzes LiPSs, and stabilizes the lithium anode in Li-S batteries. The optimally exposed surface of Ti₃C₂T_x and nano-sized TiO₂ within the TT architecture collaborate to “conduct, adsorb and transform” LiPSs, while the heterogeneous interface and crumpled sheets provide an efficient three-dimensional transport pathway for Li⁺ in the electrolyte, collaboratively enhancing the stability of Li-S batteries. Therefore, the TT-160 as an interlayer for Li-S battery exhibits an ultra-low capacity attenuation of each cycle of 0.022 % after 1000 cycles at 2 C. Furthermore, the conductive interlayer facilitates a uniform distribution of Li⁺ transport, enabling a Li//Li symmetric cell assembled with TT-160 to achieve remarkable stability over 1000 h. This work pioneeringly demonstrates the potential of MXene-derived TiO₂-Ti₃C₂T_x heterojunction, synthesized via MAH for high-performance Li-S batteries, opening up new avenues for material design and optimization.

由于众所周知的锂多硫化物（LiPSs）穿梭效应和缓慢的电化学反应动力学，锂硫（Li-S）电池的应用面临着巨大障碍。为了解决这些问题，具有独特层状结构和金属中心的 MXene 已成为锂-S 电池中很有前景的添加剂，它通过物理和化学限制机制有效地阻碍了多硫化物的迁移。然而，MXenes 本身缺乏锂多硫化物的稳固锚定位点，导致循环稳定性不理想。本文通过微波辅助水热法（MAH）构建了源自 MXene 的 TiO2-Ti3C2Tx（TT）异质结。这种创新的 TT 复合材料结合了一种两亲性纳米反应器，可协同吸附、催化锂离子电池并稳定锂离子电池中的锂阳极。在 TT 结构中，Ti3C2Tx 的最佳暴露表面和纳米尺寸的 TiO2 可协同 "传导、吸附和转化 "锂离子，而异质界面和皱褶片则为电解液中的 Li+ 提供了有效的三维传输途径，从而共同提高了锂离子电池的稳定性。因此，TT-160 作为锂-S 电池的中间膜，在 2 C 条件下循环 1000 次后，每次循环的容量衰减仅为 0.022%，具有超低的容量衰减。此外，导电中间膜促进了 Li+ 传输的均匀分布，使得使用 TT-160 组装的锂/锂对称电池在 1000 小时内具有出色的稳定性。这项工作开创性地证明了通过 MAH 合成的 MXene 衍生 TiO2-Ti3C2Tx 异质结在高性能锂-S 电池方面的潜力，为材料设计和优化开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing interfacial degradation of Bi2Te3-based micro thermoelectric device under current shocks 揭示电流冲击下基于 Bi2Te3 的微型热电器件的界面降解现象

IF 1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101569

Micro thermoelectric devices (micro-TEDs) offer great potential for IoT and electronic thermal management. However, they face challenges with reliability under high current densities. This study elucidates the failure mechanisms of Bi₂Te₃-based micro-TEDs subjected to current shocks. Experimental results indicate that at a high current density of 1800 A/cm², the internal resistance of micro-TEDs increased by 12.9 % to 2.034 Ω. This led to a 52.0 % decrease in maximum output power at a 20 K temperature difference, dropping to 1.53 mW. Additionally, as the frequency of ON/OFF current applied to micro-TED increases, the resistance growth rate jumped from 0.764 mΩ/h for slow power cycling to 2.328 mΩ/h for fast power cycling. This indicates that higher cycling frequencies exacerbate the degradation of the device. In-situ TEM analysis revealed that current-induced elemental diffusion and electrical stress release led to the formation of NiTe₂ nanoparticles and intergranular fractures within the Bi₂Te₃ materials. These results indicate that interfacial degradation and subsequent grain delamination are primary causes to micro-TED failure under current shocks. These findings underscore the significance of considering electrical stress in micro-TED design to enhance reliability and performance for high-power applications.

微型热电器件（micro-TED）为物联网和电子热管理提供了巨大的潜力。然而，它们在高电流密度下的可靠性面临挑战。本研究阐明了基于 Bi2Te3 的微型热电器件在电流冲击下的失效机制。实验结果表明，在 1800 A/cm2 的高电流密度下，micro-TED 的内阻增加了 12.9% 至 2.034 Ω。此外，随着施加到 micro-TED 的导通/关断电流频率的增加，电阻增长率从慢速功率循环时的 0.764 mΩ/h 跃升到快速功率循环时的 2.328 mΩ/h。这表明更高的循环频率会加剧器件的降解。原位 TEM 分析表明，电流引起的元素扩散和电应力释放导致 Bi2Te3 材料内部形成 NiTe2 纳米颗粒和晶间裂缝。这些结果表明，界面降解和随后的晶粒分层是电流冲击下微 TED 失效的主要原因。这些发现强调了在微型 TED 设计中考虑电应力对提高大功率应用的可靠性和性能的重要意义。

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