Materials Today Physics最新文献_第3页

A low-emissivity thermochromic coating for year-round window efficiency 一种全年窗效的低发射率热致变色涂层

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102037

Lin Tian , Haibo Xu , Zengyao Li , Xinpeng Zhao

Windows are among the weakest components of building envelopes, accounting for up to 50% of total energy loss from buildings. Conventional solar control coatings, such as silver-based low-emissivity (low-E) films, demonstrate solar spectral selectivity, effectively reducing solar heat gain in summer by blocking near-infrared radiation. However, their static optical properties also block desirable solar heat gain in winter, thereby restricting year‐round energy efficiency. Herein, we propose an IHO/MgF₂/VO₂/MgF₂/IHO/MgF₂ multilayer coating that provides dynamic solar modulation, high luminous transparency, and low mid-infrared (MIR) emissivity simultaneously. This structure integrates thermochromic VO₂ for dynamic near-infrared (NIR) switching with hydrogen-doped indium oxide (IHO) as a transparent low-E layer, while anti-reflective MgF₂ layers maximize visible comfort. To ensure high solar heat modulation ability while balancing luminous transmission and radiative heat loss (i.e., MIR emissivity), a genetic-algorithms-coupled transfer-matrix method was employed to optimize material selection and layer thickness. The optimized design achieves a solar heat gain modulation ability of 7% and a U-value of ∼1.78 W/(m²·K) while maintaining a luminous transmittance of ∼60% in double-glazed windows, representing a 250% improvement in modulation capability compared to single-layer VO₂ coatings (2%) and a 33% enhancement in visible transmission compared to bare VO₂ films (45%). Whole-building energy analysis indicates that applying this coating to medium office buildings reduces energy consumption by 21.8% compared to conventional double-glazed windows and 8.4% compared to low-E windows. This work provides a promising solution for next-generation smart windows that effectively balance solar heat gain with thermal insulation, offering significant potential for reducing global building energy consumption while maintaining occupant visual comfort.

窗户是建筑围护结构中最薄弱的部分之一，占建筑总能量损失的50%。传统的太阳控制涂层，如银基低发射率（low-E）薄膜，展示了太阳光谱选择性，通过阻挡近红外辐射有效地减少了夏季的太阳热增益。然而，它们的静态光学特性也会在冬季阻碍理想的太阳能热增益，从而限制全年的能源效率。在此，我们提出了一种IHO/MgF2/VO2/MgF2/IHO/MgF2多层涂层，同时提供动态太阳调制，高发光透明度和低中红外（MIR）发射率。该结构集成了用于动态近红外（NIR）切换的热致变色VO2和氢掺杂氧化铟（IHO）作为透明的低e层，而抗反射MgF2层则最大限度地提高了可见舒适性。为了保证高的太阳热调制能力，同时平衡发光传输和辐射热损失（即MIR发射率），采用遗传算法耦合传递矩阵方法对材料选择和层厚进行优化。优化后的设计实现了7%的太阳热增益调制能力和~ 1.78 W/（m2·K）的u值，同时在双层玻璃窗中保持了~ 60%的透光率，与单层VO2涂层（2%）相比，调制能力提高了250%，与裸VO2膜（45%）相比，可见光透射率提高了33%。整体建筑能源分析表明，与传统双层玻璃窗相比，将这种涂层应用于中型办公大楼可减少21.8%的能源消耗，与低能耗窗户相比可减少8.4%的能源消耗。这项工作为下一代智能窗户提供了一个有前途的解决方案，它有效地平衡了太阳能的热量增益和隔热，在保持居住者视觉舒适的同时，为减少全球建筑能耗提供了巨大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Heterogeneous Fe/Ti3C2Tx MXene derived magnetic-dielectric synergy for efficient microwave attenuation at ultrathin thickness 非均相Fe/Ti3C2Tx MXene衍生磁介电协同在超薄厚度下的高效微波衰减

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102034

Kexun Li , Fangyu Shi , Yanxia Wu , Min Zhao , Ying Liu

Modulating the electromagnetic properties of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene to produce an ideal multifunctional and efficient microwave absorbent is a challenging research hotspot. Although the atomic layer deposited transition magnetic metal nanostructures are a feasible strategy, the effects of the components and microstructure of the introduced magnetic nanostructure on the electromagnetic wave absorption performances of the MXene are still far from clear. Here, the Fe element has been selected as the modifier, and a heterostructure Fe/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene hybrid is constructed by the atomic layer deposition of Fe nanoparticles on the Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets. The influences of the deposition cycles on the chemical composition, microstructure, electromagnetic response characteristics, and microwave absorption properties are investigated. The results show that the decoration of Fe nanoparticles enables a tunable electromagnetic performance. The Fe/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene hybrid achieves an optimal attenuation with the minimum reflection loss of -82.94 dB at a small thickness of 1.16 mm, corresponding with an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.76 GHz. The strong microwave absorption is attributed to the dielectric-magnetic synergy in the MXene and Fe nanoparticles, which provides excellent impedance matching, interfacial and dipolar polarization loss, and magnetic resonance loss. Specifically, the hybrid endows a low Fe content of 2.66 wt%. This is important for the design of a lightweight absorber with high attenuation efficiency.

调制Ti3C2Tx MXene的电磁特性以制备理想的多功能高效微波吸收剂是一个具有挑战性的研究热点。虽然原子层沉积过渡磁性金属纳米结构是一种可行的策略，但引入的磁性纳米结构的组成和微观结构对MXene电磁波吸收性能的影响尚不清楚。本文选择Fe元素作为改性剂，通过在Ti3C2Tx纳米片上原子层沉积Fe纳米粒子，构建了Fe/Ti3C2Tx MXene杂化结构。研究了沉积周期对化学成分、微观结构、电磁响应特性和微波吸收性能的影响。结果表明，铁纳米粒子的修饰使其电磁性能可调。Fe/Ti3C2Tx MXene复合材料在1.16 mm薄层处的反射损耗最小，为-82.94 dB，有效吸收带宽为3.76 GHz。强微波吸收是由于MXene和Fe纳米颗粒的介电-磁协同作用，提供了良好的阻抗匹配，界面和偶极极化损耗以及磁共振损耗。其中，杂化产物铁含量较低，为2.66 wt%。这对于设计具有高衰减效率的轻量化吸收体是非常重要的。

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引用次数: 0

From structure to sensing: Metal Organic Framework for ammonia gas detection 从结构到传感：用于氨气检测的金属有机框架

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102029

Mohammad Yaasar Moosa , P. Uma Sathyakam

Ammonia (NH₃) serves as a significant environmental pollutant, a clinically important biomarker, and a critical target in industrial process monitoring. These varied roles drive the need for high-performance gas sensors that can operate effectively at room temperature. Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for gas sensing due to their high surface area, tunable pore architecture, and tailorable chemical properties. This review critically analyses recent advances in MOF-based ammonia sensors from a structure-to-sensing performance perspective, highlighting how rational structural design directly governs sensing behavior. Key strategies—including pore size optimization, the incorporation of open metal sites, linker functionalization with acidic or polar groups, defect engineering, and metal encapsulation are evaluated for their ability to enhance NH₃ adsorption through Lewis acid–base interactions and hydrogen bonding. These structural features directly contribute to the exceptional sensing characterized by sub-ppm to ppb-level detection limits, large response amplitudes, rapid response/recovery times at room temperature, and improved selectivity. Post-synthetic modifications that improve stability and sensing reliability under high humidity conditions are also examined. By correlating MOF structural characteristics with experimentally demonstrated sensing benchmarks, this review provides a clear framework for the rational design and scalable integration of MOF-based ammonia sensors, supporting their transition from laboratory studies to practical sensing devices.

氨（NH3）是一种重要的环境污染物，是临床上重要的生物标志物，也是工业过程监测的重要靶点。这些不同的作用推动了对可在室温下有效工作的高性能气体传感器的需求。金属有机框架（mof）由于其高表面积、可调节的孔隙结构和可定制的化学性质，已成为气敏材料中很有前途的材料。这篇综述从结构到传感性能的角度批判性地分析了基于mof的氨传感器的最新进展，强调了合理的结构设计如何直接控制传感行为。关键策略——包括孔径优化、开放金属位点的结合、连接体与酸性或极性基团的功能化、缺陷工程和金属封装——通过路易斯酸碱相互作用和氢键来增强NH3吸附的能力。这些结构特征直接促成了特殊的传感特征，其检测限为亚ppm至ppb级，响应幅度大，室温下响应/恢复时间快，选择性提高。还研究了在高湿条件下提高稳定性和传感可靠性的合成后修饰。通过将MOF结构特征与实验验证的传感基准相关联，本综述为基于MOF的氨传感器的合理设计和可扩展集成提供了清晰的框架，支持其从实验室研究过渡到实际传感设备。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrahigh responsivity β-Ga2O3 solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors through in-situ growth pressure-tuned defect engineering 基于原位生长压力调谐缺陷工程的超高响应率β-Ga2O3日盲紫外探测器

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102030

Jiayi Liu , Dongyang Han , Shujun Zhu , Xiaoli Zhang , Shulin Hu , Kaisen Liu , Wenrui Zhang , Jichun Ye

β-Ga₂O₃ is a promising material for solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors, yet its performance is often limited by native point defects. Here, we demonstrate ultrahigh performance β-Ga₂O₃ photodetectors through in-situ defect engineering via growth-pressure modulation during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Systematic variation of deposition pressure from 40 to 100 mbar reveals a nonmonotonic formation of gallium-oxygen divacancy (V_Ga–V_O) complexes governed by competing effects of precursor transport, surface nucleation, and adatom migration kinetics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence analyses confirm that an intermediate pressure of 80 mbar maximizes V_Ga–V_O defect incorporation by balancing adatom mobility and precursor kinetics. The V_Ga–V_O complexes act as deep-level hole traps, prolonging carrier lifetimes and generating strong photoconductive gain. The β-Ga₂O₃ photodetector grown at 80 mbar exhibits an ultrahigh responsivity of 1.40 × 10⁴ A/W, a photo-to-dark current ratio of 1.88 × 10⁷, a detectivity of 1.12 × 10¹⁴ Jones, and rapid rise/decay times of 33.9/10.5 ms. This study establishes growth pressure-tuned defect engineering as an effective strategy for tailoring the optoelectronic properties of β-Ga₂O₃, providing a viable pathway toward high-performance solar-blind UV photodetectors.

β-Ga2O3是一种很有前途的太阳盲紫外（UV）光电探测器材料，但其性能往往受到原生点缺陷的限制。在这里，我们通过原位缺陷工程，通过金属有机化学气相沉积过程中的生长压力调制，展示了超高性能的β-Ga2O3光电探测器。沉积压力从40到100毫巴的系统变化表明，镓-氧空位（VGa-VO）复合物的非单调形成受前驱体传输、表面成核和附原子迁移动力学的竞争影响。x射线光电子能谱和光致发光分析证实，通过平衡附原子迁移率和前体动力学，80毫巴的中间压力使VGa-VO缺陷掺入最大化。VGa-VO配合物作为深能级空穴陷阱，延长载流子寿命并产生强光导增益。在80mbar下生长的β-Ga2O3光电探测器具有1.40 × 104 A/W的超高响应率、1.88 × 107的光暗比、1.12 × 1014 Jones的检出率和33.9/10.5 ms的快速上升/衰减时间。本研究建立了生长压力调谐缺陷工程作为定制β-Ga2O3光电特性的有效策略，为高性能太阳盲UV光电探测器提供了可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress of BaTiO3-based ferroelectric memristors for artificial synapse and neuromorphic computing 人工突触和神经形态计算用batio3基铁电记忆电阻器的研究进展

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102027

Fan Ye , Fei Liang , Jian-Wei Zhong , Guan-Ling Li , Xin-Gui Tang

Due to the traditional von Neumann architecture, computing power is regarded as one of the key constraints in the era of artificial intelligence (AI). The use of non-volatile ferroelectric memristors to simulate the characteristics of biological synapses has been validated as a viable approach for mimicking the human brain's execution of large-scale complex computational tasks. The neuromorphic computing potential of various emerging materials and devices has attracted widespread research interest. Among these, BaTiO₃, a ferroelectric perovskite, is an ideal candidate due to its distinct advantages and exceptional performance. In this paper, the recent research progress on BaTiO₃-based ferroelectric memristors is reviewed, including ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) and ferroelectric diodes (FDs). And the optimization schemes for synaptic behavior of the corresponding devices are discussed. Finally, the efficient application of two neural network architectures based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is introduced, illuminating the development prospects for next-generation BaTiO₃-based memristive artificial intelligence.

由于传统的冯·诺依曼架构，计算能力被视为人工智能时代的关键制约因素之一。使用非易失性铁电记忆电阻器来模拟生物突触的特性已被验证为模拟人类大脑执行大规模复杂计算任务的可行方法。各种新兴材料和器件的神经形态计算潜力引起了广泛的研究兴趣。其中，铁电钙钛矿BaTiO3因其独特的优势和卓越的性能而成为理想的候选者。本文综述了近年来基于batio3的铁电忆阻器的研究进展，包括铁电隧道结（ftj）和铁电二极管（fd）。并讨论了相应器件的突触行为优化方案。最后，介绍了基于人工神经网络（ann）和卷积神经网络（cnn）两种神经网络架构的高效应用，展望了下一代基于batio3的记忆性人工智能的发展前景。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the structural evolution of the NdFeB magnets with various carbon contamination in the PIM process 探讨不同碳污染的钕铁硼磁体在PIM过程中的结构演变

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102026

T. Crozier-Bioud , S. Jouen , S. Rolere , V. Nachbaur , M. Ollivier , L. Favergeon , S. Luca

The Powder Injection Molding (PIM) process offers the possibility to obtain dense near-net shape NdFeB parts with magnetic properties similar to the conventional powder metallurgy counterparts. Understanding the structural evolution of the magnets with various carbon contamination coming from the organic binders will offer the possibility to improve the process. Here, the evolution of the structure of the NdFeB magnets with various carbon contamination within the PIM process was investigated. It was found that the carbon contaminates the Nd-rich phases forming a NdO_xC_y phase. For carbon concentrations higher than 5300 ppm wt., a tetragonal neodymium carbide phase was formed at the expense of the metallic Nd-dhcp phase. Moreover, 23 % of boron atoms are substituted in the main Nd₂Fe₁₄B magnetic phase, forming a Nd₂Fe₁₄B_0.77C_0.23 phase.

粉末注射成型（PIM）工艺提供了获得致密的近净形状钕铁硼零件的可能性，其磁性能与传统粉末冶金产品相似。了解来自有机粘合剂的各种碳污染的磁体的结构演变将为改进该工艺提供可能性。本文研究了PIM过程中不同碳污染下钕铁硼磁体的结构演变。发现碳污染了富nd相，形成了NdOxCy相。当碳浓度高于5300 ppm wt时，形成四方的碳化钕相，而金属Nd-dhcp相则被破坏。此外，23%的硼原子被取代在Nd2Fe14B主磁相中，形成Nd2Fe14B0.77C0.23相。

引用次数: 0

Advanced thermoelectric cooling performance in BiTeSe alloys through composition tuning under dynamic melting fields 动态熔炼场下通过成分调整提高BiTeSe合金热电冷却性能

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102013

Tao Xiong , Chenhao Ren , Hailong He, Chunping Niu, Youqun Li, Feng Jiang, Yi Wu, Mingzhe Rong

N-type bismuth telluride-based materials are more sensitive to texturing, which often leads to limited electrical transport properties in samples fabricated via conventional hot-press processing routes. Although low thermal conductivity can be achieved, the insufficient electrical properties significantly restrict the further enhancement of the module's output power. Hence, we have innovatively introduced a rotary melting technique that utilizes a dynamic centrifugal field for microstructural control, thereby achieving co-optimization of both electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient in n-type Bi₂Te₃-based materials (PF = 40 μWcm⁻¹K⁻²). In addition, a substantial reduction in lattice thermal conductivity was successfully achieved, as full-spectrum phonon scattering centers were constructed by high densities of dislocations, twin boundaries, and linear nanoscale secondary phases. As a result, the peak and average values of zT for the Cu_0.002Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3 + 4 wt% Te sample were measured to be 1.2 and 1.13, respectively. A single-leg thermoelectric power generation module assembled with the optimized n-type material demonstrated a conversion efficiency of 5.1 % at ΔT = 200 K. Moreover, the TE cooling module, constructed using the n-type material in combination with a self-fabricated p-type material, achieved a temperature difference of 82 K at a hot-side temperature of 350 K. Both properties metrics surpass those of commercially available TE modules.

n型碲化铋基材料对变形更敏感，这通常导致通过传统热压加工路线制造的样品的电输运性能有限。虽然可以实现低导热性，但电性能的不足严重限制了模块输出功率的进一步增强。因此，我们创新地引入了一种利用动态离心场进行微结构控制的旋转熔化技术，从而实现了n型bi2te3基材料（PF = 40 μWcm−1K−2）的电导率和塞贝克系数的共同优化。此外，通过高密度的位错、孪晶界和线性纳米级二次相构建全谱声子散射中心，成功地实现了晶格导热系数的大幅降低。结果表明，Cu0.002Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 + 4 wt% Te样品的zT峰值和平均值分别为1.2和1.13。用优化的n型材料组装的单腿热电发电模块在ΔT = 200 K时的转换效率为5.1%。此外，使用n型材料与自制p型材料结合构建的TE冷却模块在热侧温度为350 K时实现了82 K的温差。这两个属性指标都超过了商用TE模块。

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引用次数: 0

2D material-based smart sensors for efficient and non-invasive glucose monitoring 用于高效无创血糖监测的二维材料智能传感器。

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102028

Sobia Nisar , Ghulam Dastgeer , Muhammad Wajid Zulfiqar , Hammad Ghazanfar , Muneeb Ahmad , Muhammad Rabeel , Aamir Rasheed , Muhammad Imran , Deok-kee Kim

Diabetes mellitus requires accurate and continuous glucose monitoring for early diagnosis, effective disease management, and prevention of severe complications. However, conventional glucose sensors often suffer from limited stability, frequent calibration, and invasive operation, which restrict their long-term and real-time use. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials integrated into electrochemical, optical, and field-effect transistor (FET) platforms have emerged as promising alternatives due to their high surface area, tunable electronic properties, and excellent bio-interfacing capability. To address existing gaps in understanding and comparison, this review presents a systematic framework that categorizes glucose sensors according to both sensing mechanisms (electrochemical, optical, and FET-based) and application formats (invasive, non-invasive, and wearable). Beyond static classification, we analyze recent temporal trends in material selection, device architecture, and sensing performance, highlighting the evolution from graphene-based systems toward transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and MXene-enabled platforms for flexible and biofluid-compatible sensing. A critical comparison of enzyme immobilization and surface functionalization strategies is also provided to clarify their influence on sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility. Finally, key challenges related to long-term stability, selectivity, and device integration are discussed, and emerging directions are outlined to support the development of reliable, flexible, and high-performance glucose sensors for real-time and personalized healthcare.

糖尿病需要准确和连续的血糖监测，以便早期诊断、有效的疾病管理和预防严重并发症。然而，传统的葡萄糖传感器通常存在稳定性有限、校准频繁和侵入性操作的问题，这限制了它们的长期和实时使用。近年来，集成到电化学、光学和场效应晶体管（FET）平台中的二维（2D）材料由于其高表面积、可调谐电子特性和出色的生物界面能力而成为有前途的替代品。为了解决现有的理解和比较方面的差距，本文提出了一个系统的框架，根据传感机制（电化学、光学和基于fet的）和应用形式（侵入式、非侵入式和可穿戴式）对葡萄糖传感器进行分类。除了静态分类，我们分析了材料选择、器件架构和传感性能的最新趋势，强调了从基于石墨烯的系统向过渡金属二硫族化合物（TMDCs）和mxene支持的柔性和生物流体兼容传感平台的演变。对酶固定化和表面功能化策略进行了关键的比较，以阐明它们对灵敏度、稳定性和重复性的影响。最后，讨论了与长期稳定性、选择性和设备集成相关的关键挑战，并概述了新兴方向，以支持开发可靠、灵活和高性能的葡萄糖传感器，用于实时和个性化医疗保健。

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引用次数: 0

Vacancy-induced mechanism on deformation and thermal conductivity in medium-entropy carbides with typical grain boundaries 典型晶界中熵碳化物的变形和热导率的空位诱导机制

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102025

Xianteng Zhou , Chaokun Guo , Zhen Yang , Yuanji Xu , Hongquan Song , De-Ye Lin , Fuyang Tian

The synergistic optimization of ultra-high hardness and low thermal conductivity in high entropy carbides is achieved by adjusting the concentration of ordered carbon vacancies. By using machine-learning interatomic potentials integrated with molecular dynamics simulations and

a b

i n i t i o

calculations, we elucidate how lattice distortion, carbon vacancies and grain boundaries regulate the mechanical response and thermal transport of (NbTaZr)C. The results reveal that lattice distortion drives anomalous CNb bond rupture, enabling edge dislocation nucleation. Carbon vacancies reduce the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS) and induce localized amorphization, thereby enhancing intrinsic plasticity. The preferential segregation of carbon vacancies at grain boundaries optimizes stress redistribution, mitigating stress concentration while enhancing both yield strength and strain. Carbon vacancies markedly suppress lattice thermal transport capability via increasing vibrational localization and scattering between phonons and defects, whereas the ordering of carbon vacancies partially enhances lattice thermal conductivity through low-frequency phonon delocalization. Pronounced lattice distortion and Anderson localization collectively intensify electron scattering, thereby reducing electronic thermal conductivity, whereas the ordered carbon vacancies facilitate the delocalization of electrons, leading to a modest increase of electronic thermal conductivity. The interfacial thermal conductance(ITC) decreases due to impaired phonon mode matching and strengthened localization. We establish carbon vacancy-mediated strategies for concurrently tuning mechanical and thermal transport in multi-principal carbide ceramics.

通过调整有序碳空位的浓度，实现了高熵碳化物超高硬度和低导热性能的协同优化。通过机器学习原子间势结合分子动力学模拟和abab从头算，我们阐明了晶格畸变、碳空位和晶界如何调节（NbTaZr）C的机械响应和热输运。结果表明，晶格畸变导致CNb键异常断裂，导致边缘位错成核。碳空位降低了临界分解剪应力（CRSS），诱导了局部非晶化，从而提高了材料的本征塑性。晶界碳空位的优先偏析优化了应力重新分布，减轻了应力集中，同时提高了屈服强度和应变。碳空位通过增加声子和缺陷之间的振动局域化和散射来显著抑制晶格热输运能力，而碳空位的排序通过低频声子离域来部分增强晶格热导率。明显的晶格畸变和安德森局域化共同加剧了电子散射，从而降低了电子导热系数，而有序的碳空位促进了电子的离域，导致电子导热系数适度增加。声子模式匹配减弱和局域化增强导致界面热导降低。我们建立了碳空位介导的策略来同时调节多主碳化物陶瓷的机械和热输运。

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引用次数: 0

Giant enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer enabled by a finite-size waveguide 有限尺寸波导实现近场辐射传热的巨大增强

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102023

Kun Zhang , Zixue Luo , Jinlin Song , Qiang Cheng

Enhanced near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT), mediated by the waveguide modes, holds great promise for advanced thermal management and energy conversion. While extensive researches have focused on the infinite structures, the role of finite-size effect remains insufficiently unexplored. Here, we investigate the NFRHT between two nanoparticles above a finite-size rectangular waveguide, revealing a profound influence of the width of the waveguide on the heat transfer. Based on the fluctuating-surface current formulation and the boundary element method, we demonstrate that the enhancement factor exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on the width, peaking at a specific value, where the heat conductance can be enhanced by over two orders of magnitude compared to the vacuum case. This optimal enhancement is attributed to the strong coupling between the localized surface resonances (LSR) of the nanoparticles and the degenerate corner- and edge-modes (ss and sa modes) of the waveguide. Furthermore, we show that the shape of the nanoparticle is critical, with the sharp features (e.g., cubes, pyramids) enable a superior enhancement over the spherical nanoparticles, as their LSR frequencies align with the waveguide modes, facilitating a stronger coupling. The distances between nanoparticles and between nanoparticles and the waveguide are also key tuning parameters, with an identified inflection point in enhancement at d ≈ 2 μm linked to the finite propagation lengths of the waveguide modes. Our work provides fundamental insights into the manipulation of NFRHT via finite-size effects and mode engineering, with implications for the design of nanoscale thermal devices.

由波导模式介导的增强近场辐射传热（NFRHT）在先进的热管理和能量转换方面具有很大的前景。虽然大量的研究集中在无限结构上，但有限尺寸效应的作用尚未得到充分的探索。在这里，我们研究了有限尺寸矩形波导上两个纳米颗粒之间的NFRHT，揭示了波导宽度对传热的深刻影响。基于波动表面电流公式和边界元方法，我们证明了增强因子对宽度的非单调依赖性，在特定值处达到峰值，与真空情况相比，热传导可以增强两个数量级以上。这种最佳增强归因于纳米颗粒的局部表面共振（LSR）与波导的简并角模式和边缘模式（ss和sa模式）之间的强耦合。此外，我们表明纳米颗粒的形状是至关重要的，具有尖锐特征（例如立方体，金字塔）的纳米颗粒比球形纳米颗粒具有更好的增强，因为它们的LSR频率与波导模式对齐，从而促进了更强的耦合。纳米粒子之间的距离以及纳米粒子与波导之间的距离也是关键的调谐参数，在d≈2 μm处的增强拐点与波导模式的有限传播长度有关。我们的工作通过有限尺寸效应和模式工程为NFRHT的操纵提供了基本的见解，对纳米级热器件的设计具有指导意义。

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