Materials Today Physics最新文献_第3页

Wearable electronic patch for physicochemical data transmission: MXene-based MEMS/NEMS biosensors 用于物理化学数据传输的可穿戴电子贴片：基于mxene的MEMS/NEMS生物传感器

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102040

Seydanur Yücer , Begüm Sarac , Burhan Adıgüzel , Fatih Ciftci

Wearable electronic patches have attracted significant attention as platforms for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of physiological and physicochemical signals at the skin interface. Recent literature highlights MXene materials as particularly promising candidates for wearable biosensing applications due to their high electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, mechanical flexibility, and favorable biocompatibility. When combined with micro- and nano-engineering strategies, MXene-based sensing elements can be integrated into compact and multifunctional MEMS/NEMS architectures, enabling smart patches with enhanced sensitivity, signal stability, and mechanical durability. On-skin sensing technologies reported in previous studies enable reliable acquisition of biopotential, biomechanical, and chemical biomarkers, supporting real-time health monitoring across diverse physiological conditions. Furthermore, the integration of these smart patches into emerging digital health ecosystems facilitates wireless data transmission to mobile devices, cloud-based platforms, and clinical networks, promoting continuous and connected healthcare monitoring. This review summarizes recent advances in MXene-based MEMS/NEMS wearable biosensors, with particular emphasis on material–device integration strategies, sensing mechanisms, detected biomarker classes, and system-level connectivity. In addition, current challenges, including long-term biocompatibility, scalable manufacturing, material stability under physiological conditions, and secure data management, are critically discussed. Addressing these limitations will be essential for the translation of MXene-enabled wearable technologies toward personalized, predictive, and adaptive healthcare applications.

可穿戴电子贴片作为对皮肤界面的生理和物理化学信号进行连续、无创监测的平台，引起了人们的广泛关注。最近的文献强调MXene材料因其高导电性、可调表面化学、机械灵活性和良好的生物相容性而成为可穿戴生物传感应用的特别有前途的候选者。当与微纳米工程策略相结合时，基于mxene的传感元件可以集成到紧凑和多功能的MEMS/NEMS架构中，从而实现具有更高灵敏度、信号稳定性和机械耐久性的智能贴片。在以前的研究中报道的皮肤传感技术能够可靠地获取生物电势、生物力学和化学生物标志物，支持在不同生理条件下的实时健康监测。此外，将这些智能补丁集成到新兴的数字健康生态系统中，可以促进无线数据传输到移动设备、基于云的平台和临床网络，从而促进持续和连接的医疗保健监测。本文综述了基于mxene的MEMS/NEMS可穿戴生物传感器的最新进展，特别强调了材料-器件集成策略、传感机制、检测到的生物标志物类别和系统级连接。此外，还讨论了当前的挑战，包括长期生物相容性、可扩展制造、生理条件下的材料稳定性和安全数据管理。解决这些限制对于将支持mxene的可穿戴技术转化为个性化、预测性和适应性医疗保健应用程序至关重要。

{"title":"Wearable electronic patch for physicochemical data transmission: MXene-based MEMS/NEMS biosensors","authors":"Seydanur Yücer , Begüm Sarac , Burhan Adıgüzel , Fatih Ciftci","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable electronic patches have attracted significant attention as platforms for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of physiological and physicochemical signals at the skin interface. Recent literature highlights MXene materials as particularly promising candidates for wearable biosensing applications due to their high electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, mechanical flexibility, and favorable biocompatibility. When combined with micro- and nano-engineering strategies, MXene-based sensing elements can be integrated into compact and multifunctional MEMS/NEMS architectures, enabling smart patches with enhanced sensitivity, signal stability, and mechanical durability. On-skin sensing technologies reported in previous studies enable reliable acquisition of biopotential, biomechanical, and chemical biomarkers, supporting real-time health monitoring across diverse physiological conditions. Furthermore, the integration of these smart patches into emerging digital health ecosystems facilitates wireless data transmission to mobile devices, cloud-based platforms, and clinical networks, promoting continuous and connected healthcare monitoring. This review summarizes recent advances in MXene-based MEMS/NEMS wearable biosensors, with particular emphasis on material–device integration strategies, sensing mechanisms, detected biomarker classes, and system-level connectivity. In addition, current challenges, including long-term biocompatibility, scalable manufacturing, material stability under physiological conditions, and secure data management, are critically discussed. Addressing these limitations will be essential for the translation of MXene-enabled wearable technologies toward personalized, predictive, and adaptive healthcare applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102040"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cation modulation in MnGeTe2 Realizes high thermoelectric performance for power generation mgete2阳离子调制实现发电用高热电性能

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102044

Huajian Wu , Haiqi Li , Kejia Liu , Yujie Huang , Xiaofang Li , Pengfei Li , Lin Xie , Yue Chen , Chen Chen

Thermoelectric materials represent a unique pathway to directly convert heat into electricity. Herein, we present MnGeTe₂, an emerging thermoelectric material with a cubic rock-salt structure. Capitalizing on the entropy-stabilized nature of the MnGeTe₂ matrix, we employed a two-step optimization strategy: first by alloying with I-V-VI₂ compounds to lower the lattice thermal conductivity, followed by Bi doping to optimize the carrier concentration. This strategy yielded an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.33 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 823 K, approaching the theoretical minimum predicted by the diffusion model, while a high effective mass of ∼11m_e and weighted mobility of ∼90 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ were retained. Leveraging successful cation modulation, the optimized composition (Mn_0.93Ge_0.93Bi_0.14Te₂)_0.85(AgSbTe₂)_0.15 achieved a peak zT of ∼1.55 and an average zT of ∼0.96 between 300 and 823 K; a corresponding single-leg device exhibited a conversion efficiency of ∼9.5% under a temperature gradient of 523 K. This study demonstrates the potential of cation modulation in developing high-performance, sustainable thermoelectric materials for waste-heat recovery.

热电材料代表了一种直接将热转化为电的独特途径。在此，我们提出了一种具有立方岩盐结构的新兴热电材料MnGeTe2。利用MnGeTe2矩阵的熵稳定特性，我们采用了两步优化策略：首先通过与I-V-VI2化合物合金化来降低晶格热导率，然后通过掺杂Bi来优化载流子浓度。该策略在823 K时产生了0.33 W m−1 K−1的超低晶格热导率，接近扩散模型预测的理论最小值，同时保持了高有效质量~ 11me和加权迁移率~ 90 cm2 V−1 s−1。利用成功的阳离子调制，优化的组合物（Mn0.93Ge0.93Bi0.14Te2）0.85(AgSbTe2)0.15在300和823 K之间的峰值zT为~ 1.55，平均zT为~ 0.96；在523 K的温度梯度下，相应的单腿装置的转换效率为~ 9.5%。这项研究证明了阳离子调制在开发用于废热回收的高性能、可持续热电材料方面的潜力。

{"title":"Cation modulation in MnGeTe2 Realizes high thermoelectric performance for power generation","authors":"Huajian Wu , Haiqi Li , Kejia Liu , Yujie Huang , Xiaofang Li , Pengfei Li , Lin Xie , Yue Chen , Chen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric materials represent a unique pathway to directly convert heat into electricity. Herein, we present MnGeTe<sub>2</sub>, an emerging thermoelectric material with a cubic rock-salt structure. Capitalizing on the entropy-stabilized nature of the MnGeTe<sub>2</sub> matrix, we employed a two-step optimization strategy: first by alloying with I-V-VI<sub>2</sub> compounds to lower the lattice thermal conductivity, followed by Bi doping to optimize the carrier concentration. This strategy yielded an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.33 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> at 823 K, approaching the theoretical minimum predicted by the diffusion model, while a high effective mass of ∼11<em>m</em><sub>e</sub> and weighted mobility of ∼90 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> were retained. Leveraging successful cation modulation, the optimized composition (Mn<sub>0.93</sub>Ge<sub>0.93</sub>Bi<sub>0.14</sub>Te<sub>2</sub>)<sub>0.85</sub>(AgSbTe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>0.15</sub> achieved a peak <em>zT</em> of ∼1.55 and an average <em>zT</em> of ∼0.96 between 300 and 823 K; a corresponding single-leg device exhibited a conversion efficiency of ∼9.5% under a temperature gradient of 523 K. This study demonstrates the potential of cation modulation in developing high-performance, sustainable thermoelectric materials for waste-heat recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102044"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fe3O4-CNFs@MXene with encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles for tunable high-performance microwave absorption via dual electromagnetic wave loss pathways Fe3O4-CNFs@MXene与封装磁性纳米颗粒可调谐的高性能微波吸收通过双电磁波损耗途径

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102043

Yu Wang , Xiao Li , Haowei Zhou , Zilin Huang , Moustafa Adel Darwish , M.M. Salem , Tao Zhou , Murat Yilmaz , Azim Uddin , Di Zhou

Magnetic microwave absorption materials are widely applied in electromagnetic compatibility, national defense stealth, environmental protection, and other fields, serving as key materials to address the challenges posed by modern electromagnetic environments. However, the self-aggregation phenomenon of magnetic nanoparticles significantly limits further enhancement of their performance in electromagnetic wave absorption. To address this issue, this study proposes a preparation strategy for the controllable dispersion of magnetic nano-units. A core-shell carbon nanofibers (CNFs)-Fe₃O₄@MXene composite material was successfully fabricated using electrospinning technology, enabling the micro-scale controllable dispersion of magnetic nano-units, manifested as long-range isolation, short-range dispersion, and close packing. By simply adjusting the loading number of magnetic nano-units, different levels of magnetic loss can be regulated, thereby optimizing the microwave absorption performance of the composite material. Under conditions of 4 wt% Fe₃O₄ filler and a 1.5 mm film thickness, the CNF-Fe₃O₄@MXene composite material achieved a high reflection loss (RL) of −70.87 dB and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.56 GHz. Additionally, radar cross-section (RCS) simulations confirmed the stealth performance of the composite material in real-world environments. Electromagnetic simulations further revealed the microscopic loss mechanisms responsible for the superior microwave absorption properties of CNF-Fe₃O₄@MXene. This study provides novel insights and strategies for the design and optimization of magnetic microwave absorption materials.

磁性微波吸收材料广泛应用于电磁兼容、国防隐身、环境保护等领域，是应对现代电磁环境挑战的关键材料。然而，磁性纳米颗粒的自聚集现象极大地限制了其电磁波吸收性能的进一步提高。为了解决这一问题，本研究提出了一种磁性纳米单元可控分散的制备策略。利用静电纺丝技术成功制备了核壳碳纳米纤维-Fe3O4@MXene复合材料，实现了磁性纳米单元的微尺度可控分散，表现为远距离隔离、近距离分散和紧密堆积。通过简单地调整磁性纳米单元的加载数量，可以调节不同程度的磁损耗，从而优化复合材料的微波吸收性能。在Fe3O4填充量为4 wt%、膜厚为1.5 mm的条件下，CNF-Fe3O4@MXene复合材料的反射损耗（RL）为−70.87 dB，有效吸收带宽（EAB）为6.56 GHz。此外，雷达横截面（RCS）模拟证实了复合材料在真实环境中的隐身性能。电磁模拟进一步揭示了CNF-Fe3O4@MXene优越微波吸收性能的微观损耗机制。该研究为磁性微波吸收材料的设计和优化提供了新的思路和策略。

{"title":"Fe3O4-CNFs@MXene with encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles for tunable high-performance microwave absorption via dual electromagnetic wave loss pathways","authors":"Yu Wang , Xiao Li , Haowei Zhou , Zilin Huang , Moustafa Adel Darwish , M.M. Salem , Tao Zhou , Murat Yilmaz , Azim Uddin , Di Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic microwave absorption materials are widely applied in electromagnetic compatibility, national defense stealth, environmental protection, and other fields, serving as key materials to address the challenges posed by modern electromagnetic environments. However, the self-aggregation phenomenon of magnetic nanoparticles significantly limits further enhancement of their performance in electromagnetic wave absorption. To address this issue, this study proposes a preparation strategy for the controllable dispersion of magnetic nano-units. A core-shell carbon nanofibers (CNFs)-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MXene composite material was successfully fabricated using electrospinning technology, enabling the micro-scale controllable dispersion of magnetic nano-units, manifested as long-range isolation, short-range dispersion, and close packing. By simply adjusting the loading number of magnetic nano-units, different levels of magnetic loss can be regulated, thereby optimizing the microwave absorption performance of the composite material. Under conditions of 4 wt% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> filler and a 1.5 mm film thickness, the CNF-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MXene composite material achieved a high reflection loss (RL) of −70.87 dB and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.56 GHz. Additionally, radar cross-section (RCS) simulations confirmed the stealth performance of the composite material in real-world environments. Electromagnetic simulations further revealed the microscopic loss mechanisms responsible for the superior microwave absorption properties of CNF-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MXene. This study provides novel insights and strategies for the design and optimization of magnetic microwave absorption materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102043"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photoelectrochemical kinetic modification of vanadium oxide using PEDOT:PSS for photo-rechargeable zinc-ion batteries 光可充电锌离子电池用PEDOT:PSS改性氧化钒的光电动力学研究

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102051

Ling Li , Haohao Tang , Weiyue Wang , Qixuan Wang , Liguo Zhang , Xingqiang Shi , Qiancheng Zhu

An integrated energy conversion and storage device with only two electrodes is promising for direct solar to electrochemical energy storage. However, it is still limited by carrier recombination in photoelectrodes, hysteresis of ions transport dynamics and poor cyclic photo-stability. Herein, V₂O₅ coated with PEDOT:PSS (V₂O₅@PTS) was designed as photocathode for photo-rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (PAZIBs). As a good electrons and holes transport media, PTS was found to significantly enhance the photoelectrochemical reaction kinetics, including high charge carrier separation efficiency and low zinc ions transport energy barrier in V₂O₅ cathode, thus leading to high current density tolerance and obvious increase in capacity under illumination. Additionally, the PTS coating also protects V₂O₅ from photo-corrosion and dissolution to obtain favorable cycling stability. Based on those merits, V₂O₅@PTS based PAZIBs nearly double its capacity (98% capacity rise) at 2 A g⁻¹, and the capacity still maintains 82% after 300 cycles at 1A g⁻¹ under simulated sunlight irradiation. This work provides new view for development of integrated solar energy conversion and storage system.

一种仅两电极的集成能量转换与存储装置有望实现太阳能直接到电化学的能量存储。然而，它仍然受到光电极中载流子复合、离子输运动力学滞后和循环光稳定性差的限制。本文设计了涂有PEDOT:PSS （V2O5@PTS）的V2O5作为光可充电水性锌离子电池（PAZIBs）的光电阴极。PTS作为一种良好的电子和空穴输运介质，显著提高了V2O5阴极的光电反应动力学，包括高电荷载流子分离效率和低锌离子输运能垒，从而导致高电流密度容限和光照下容量的明显增加。此外，PTS涂层还可以保护V2O5免受光腐蚀和溶解，从而获得良好的循环稳定性。基于这些优点，V2O5@PTS型pazib在2 A g-1下的容量几乎增加了一倍（容量增加98%），在模拟阳光照射下，在1A g-1下循环300次后容量仍保持82%。本工作为太阳能集成转换与存储系统的发展提供了新的思路。

{"title":"Photoelectrochemical kinetic modification of vanadium oxide using PEDOT:PSS for photo-rechargeable zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Ling Li , Haohao Tang , Weiyue Wang , Qixuan Wang , Liguo Zhang , Xingqiang Shi , Qiancheng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An integrated energy conversion and storage device with only two electrodes is promising for direct solar to electrochemical energy storage. However, it is still limited by carrier recombination in photoelectrodes, hysteresis of ions transport dynamics and poor cyclic photo-stability. Herein, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> coated with PEDOT:PSS (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>@PTS) was designed as photocathode for photo-rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (PAZIBs). As a good electrons and holes transport media, PTS was found to significantly enhance the photoelectrochemical reaction kinetics, including high charge carrier separation efficiency and low zinc ions transport energy barrier in V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> cathode, thus leading to high current density tolerance and obvious increase in capacity under illumination. Additionally, the PTS coating also protects V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> from photo-corrosion and dissolution to obtain favorable cycling stability. Based on those merits, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>@PTS based PAZIBs nearly double its capacity (98% capacity rise) at 2 A g<sup>−1</sup>, and the capacity still maintains 82% after 300 cycles at 1A g<sup>−1</sup> under simulated sunlight irradiation. This work provides new view for development of integrated solar energy conversion and storage system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102051"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SPFlow: A flow-based symmetry-preserving generative model for crystalline materials SPFlow：晶体材料的基于流动的对称保持生成模型

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102063

Tao Sun , Jianmei Yuan

Efficient discovery of novel crystalline materials is key to advancing technologies in energy, electronics, and catalysis. Current deep learning-based crystal generation models mostly fail to explicitly incorporate symmetry constraints, resulting in generated crystal lacking symmetry. To this end, we propose SPFlow, a flow-based crystal generation framework, which explicitly models crystal symmetry by representing the crystal structure as asymmetric units in the unit cell and the symmetry transformation of their internal atoms. SPFlow utilizes conditional and discrete flow matching to construct a joint equivariant flow model that can simultaneously handle both continuous and discrete features. This model strictly follows crystal symmetry constraints during the generation process, enabling efficient generation of valid and symmetrical crystals. Experiments show that SPFlow generates diverse, symmetric, and synthesizable crystals while significantly outperforming baselines in inference speed. Furthermore, in conditional generation targeting formation energy, the model exhibits diverse generation capability and generalization potential, validating its practical value for inverse design of crystals.

有效地发现新型晶体材料是推进能源、电子和催化技术的关键。目前基于深度学习的晶体生成模型大多没有明确地纳入对称性约束，导致生成的晶体缺乏对称性。为此，我们提出了SPFlow，这是一个基于流的晶体生成框架，它通过将晶体结构表示为单位胞中的不对称单元及其内部原子的对称变换来明确地模拟晶体对称性。SPFlow利用条件流匹配和离散流匹配，构建了一个可以同时处理连续和离散特征的联合等变流模型。该模型在生成过程中严格遵循晶体对称性约束，能够高效生成有效且对称的晶体。实验表明，SPFlow生成多样、对称和可合成的晶体，同时在推理速度上显著优于基线。此外，在以地层能量为目标的条件生成中，该模型显示出多样化的生成能力和推广潜力，验证了其在晶体反设计中的实用价值。

{"title":"SPFlow: A flow-based symmetry-preserving generative model for crystalline materials","authors":"Tao Sun , Jianmei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient discovery of novel crystalline materials is key to advancing technologies in energy, electronics, and catalysis. Current deep learning-based crystal generation models mostly fail to explicitly incorporate symmetry constraints, resulting in generated crystal lacking symmetry. To this end, we propose SPFlow, a flow-based crystal generation framework, which explicitly models crystal symmetry by representing the crystal structure as asymmetric units in the unit cell and the symmetry transformation of their internal atoms. SPFlow utilizes conditional and discrete flow matching to construct a joint equivariant flow model that can simultaneously handle both continuous and discrete features. This model strictly follows crystal symmetry constraints during the generation process, enabling efficient generation of valid and symmetrical crystals. Experiments show that SPFlow generates diverse, symmetric, and synthesizable crystals while significantly outperforming baselines in inference speed. Furthermore, in conditional generation targeting formation energy, the model exhibits diverse generation capability and generalization potential, validating its practical value for inverse design of crystals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102063"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced thermal stability of MXene-based memristor by sulfur incorporation for neuromorphic computing 硫掺入增强神经形态计算用mxene基忆阻器热稳定性

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102067

Zhenxi Dai , Junhua Huang , Huiqin Ma , Jiyong Feng , Xuebin Liu , Yuyuan Yang , Zhiping Zeng , Xuchun Gui

Driven by the demands of artificial intelligence (AI) and neuromorphic computing for efficient, brain-like information processing, memristors have become a key enabling technology, addressing the von Neumann bottleneck through in-memory computing. MXene-based memristors hold significant promise for neuromorphic computing, owing to their tunable electronic properties. However, traditional MXene-based memristors suffer from irreversible oxidative reactions at high temperatures, which undermines their performance. In this work, we report a thermally stable memristor by implementing a sulfur-doping strategy via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a wafer-scale MXene film. The S-doped Ti₃C₂T_x memristor exhibited a low cycle-to-cycle switching voltage variation coefficient (C_v < 5%), significant on/off ratio, long retention (>10⁴ s), and high operating temperature (80 °C). Moreover, the device demonstrated neuromorphic behaviors, including Paired-Pulse Facilitation (PPF) and Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP). Leveraging its tunable conductance and stable resistive switching, the device enabled the implementation of high-precision MNIST handwritten digit recognition (accuracy >94.8 %) and image processing functions. This work offers a solution to the thermal stability challenge in memristors, thereby facilitating their future integration into adaptive neuromorphic systems that must function reliably in complex and unpredictable environments.

在人工智能（AI）和神经形态计算对高效、类脑信息处理需求的驱动下，忆阻器已成为一项关键的使能技术，通过内存计算解决冯·诺伊曼瓶颈。由于其可调谐的电子特性，基于mxene的记忆电阻器在神经形态计算中具有重要的前景。然而，传统的基于mxene的记忆电阻器在高温下会发生不可逆的氧化反应，从而影响其性能。在这项工作中，我们通过化学气相沉积（CVD）在晶圆级MXene薄膜上实施硫掺杂策略，报道了一种热稳定的记忆电阻器。掺s的Ti3C2Tx阻阻器具有低周间开关电压变化系数（Cv <； 5%）、显著的开/关比、长保持时间（>104 s）和高工作温度（80 °C）。此外，该装置还表现出神经形态行为，包括成对脉冲促进（PPF）和峰值时间依赖可塑性（STDP）。利用其可调谐的电导和稳定的电阻开关，该器件能够实现高精度的MNIST手写数字识别（准确率>； 94.8%）和图像处理功能。这项工作为记忆电阻器的热稳定性挑战提供了一个解决方案，从而促进它们未来集成到必须在复杂和不可预测的环境中可靠运行的自适应神经形态系统中。

{"title":"Enhanced thermal stability of MXene-based memristor by sulfur incorporation for neuromorphic computing","authors":"Zhenxi Dai , Junhua Huang , Huiqin Ma , Jiyong Feng , Xuebin Liu , Yuyuan Yang , Zhiping Zeng , Xuchun Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by the demands of artificial intelligence (AI) and neuromorphic computing for efficient, brain-like information processing, memristors have become a key enabling technology, addressing the von Neumann bottleneck through in-memory computing. MXene-based memristors hold significant promise for neuromorphic computing, owing to their tunable electronic properties. However, traditional MXene-based memristors suffer from irreversible oxidative reactions at high temperatures, which undermines their performance. In this work, we report a thermally stable memristor by implementing a sulfur-doping strategy <em>via</em> chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a wafer-scale MXene film. The S-doped Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> memristor exhibited a low cycle-to-cycle switching voltage variation coefficient (C<sub>v</sub> < 5%), significant on/off ratio, long retention (>10<sup>4</sup> s), and high operating temperature (80 °C). Moreover, the device demonstrated neuromorphic behaviors, including Paired-Pulse Facilitation (PPF) and Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP). Leveraging its tunable conductance and stable resistive switching, the device enabled the implementation of high-precision MNIST handwritten digit recognition (accuracy >94.8 %) and image processing functions. This work offers a solution to the thermal stability challenge in memristors, thereby facilitating their future integration into adaptive neuromorphic systems that must function reliably in complex and unpredictable environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102067"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147392481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrafast optical nonlinearity in porphyrin-based covalent organic framework membrane via Cu(II)-mediated interfacial polymerization 通过Cu（II）介导界面聚合的卟啉基共价有机框架膜的超快光学非线性

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101967

Lu Chen , Lulu Fu , Zihao Guan , Fang Liu , Zhipeng Huang , Mark G. Humphrey , Chi Zhang

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as attractive candidates for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, owing to their high chemical stability, structural diversity, and design flexibility. However, the inherent insolubility, poor dispersion in common solvents, and pronounced light scattering of bulk COFs are extremely detrimental to their practical applications in NLO fields. Herein, we report the successful one-step synthesis of a Cu-porphyrin-based COF membrane, via liquid-liquid interfacial polymerization, without pre- or post-metallization modification (donated as TAPP-BDA-Cu COF). Under 35-fs (fs) ultrafast pulsed laser excitation, the TAPP-BDA-Cu COF membrane demonstrates outstanding NLO performance, exhibiting remarkable nonlinear optical absorption coefficients (β_eff) of 1557 ± 40.3 cm GW⁻¹ at 800 nm and 909 ± 23.1 cm GW⁻¹ at 515 nm, which surpass those of previously reported typical two-dimensional (2D) inorganic materials and 2D polymers. Furthermore, the TAPP-BDA-Cu COF membrane exhibits exceptional optical limiting (OL) performance, with ultralow threshold values of 2.75 mJ cm⁻² at 800 nm and 6.85 mJ cm⁻² at 515 nm, indicating its significant potential for practical OL applications. These superior NLO properties of the TAPP-BDA-Cu COF membrane can be attributed not only to its extended π-conjugated framework of the COF structure, which enhances π-electron delocalization across the system, but also to the coordination of Cu(II) ions with porphyrin units, enabling efficient metal-to-ligand electron transfer. This work develops a novel and straightforward synthetic strategy for fabricating porphyrin-based COF membranes as advanced NLO materials, but also provides meaningful guidance for the future development of COF-based materials in next-generation ultrafast photonic devices.

共价有机框架（COFs）由于其高化学稳定性、结构多样性和设计灵活性而成为非线性光学（NLO）材料的有吸引力的候选者。然而，块状COFs固有的不溶性、在普通溶剂中的分散性差以及明显的光散射，极大地阻碍了其在NLO领域的实际应用。在此，我们报告了通过液-液界面聚合成功一步合成了铜卟啉基COF膜，无需预先或后金属化修饰（命名为TAPP-BDA-Cu COF）。在35-fs的超快脉冲激光激发下，tap - bda - cu COF膜表现出优异的非线性光吸收性能，在800 nm处表现出1557±40.3 cm GW−1的非线性光吸收系数（βeff），在515 nm处表现出909±23.1 cm GW−1，超过了以往报道的典型二维（2D）无机材料和二维聚合物。此外，TAPP-BDA-Cu COF膜表现出优异的光限（OL）性能，在800 nm处具有2.75 mJ cm - 2的超低阈值，在515 nm处具有6.85 mJ cm - 2的超低阈值，表明其具有实际OL应用的巨大潜力。TAPP-BDA-Cu COF膜具有优异的NLO性能，这不仅归功于其扩展的π共轭结构，增强了整个体系的π电子离域，还归功于Cu（II）离子与卟啉单元的配位，实现了高效的金属到配体的电子转移。这项工作为制备基于卟啉的COF膜作为先进的NLO材料提供了一种新颖而直接的合成策略，同时也为下一代超快光子器件中基于COF的材料的未来发展提供了有意义的指导。

{"title":"Ultrafast optical nonlinearity in porphyrin-based covalent organic framework membrane via Cu(II)-mediated interfacial polymerization","authors":"Lu Chen , Lulu Fu , Zihao Guan , Fang Liu , Zhipeng Huang , Mark G. Humphrey , Chi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as attractive candidates for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, owing to their high chemical stability, structural diversity, and design flexibility. However, the inherent insolubility, poor dispersion in common solvents, and pronounced light scattering of bulk COFs are extremely detrimental to their practical applications in NLO fields. Herein, we report the successful one-step synthesis of a Cu-porphyrin-based COF membrane, via liquid-liquid interfacial polymerization, without pre- or post-metallization modification (donated as TAPP-BDA-Cu COF). Under 35-fs (fs) ultrafast pulsed laser excitation, the TAPP-BDA-Cu COF membrane demonstrates outstanding NLO performance, exhibiting remarkable nonlinear optical absorption coefficients (<em>β</em><sub>eff</sub>) of 1557 ± 40.3 cm GW<sup>−1</sup> at 800 nm and 909 ± 23.1 cm GW<sup>−1</sup> at 515 nm, which surpass those of previously reported typical two-dimensional (2D) inorganic materials and 2D polymers. Furthermore, the TAPP-BDA-Cu COF membrane exhibits exceptional optical limiting (OL) performance, with ultralow threshold values of 2.75 mJ cm<sup>−2</sup> at 800 nm and 6.85 mJ cm<sup>−2</sup> at 515 nm, indicating its significant potential for practical OL applications. These superior NLO properties of the TAPP-BDA-Cu COF membrane can be attributed not only to its extended π-conjugated framework of the COF structure, which enhances π-electron delocalization across the system, but also to the coordination of Cu(II) ions with porphyrin units, enabling efficient metal-to-ligand electron transfer. This work develops a novel and straightforward synthetic strategy for fabricating porphyrin-based COF membranes as advanced NLO materials, but also provides meaningful guidance for the future development of COF-based materials in next-generation ultrafast photonic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101967"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging thermoregulating textile for energy exchange and personal thermal management 用于能量交换和个人热管理的新兴温控纺织品

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102048

Tong Xue, Xuejingwen Zhang, Chaoyue Guo, Ruijie Ma, Weihan Tao, Siyu Qiang, Chaoxia Wang, Yunjie Yin

Frequent extreme weather events pose significant threats to human health and thermal comfort. As the body's second layer of skin, textiles serve not only as the primary protective barrier but also as the critical interface for energy exchange between the human body and its surroundings. In recent years, various advanced personal thermal management (PTM) textiles have been proposed, designed to maintain the human body's temperature within a comfortable range. However, a lack of systematic classification and comprehensive review of these strategies hinders the iterative development of PTM textiles. Here, we review the latest advances in PTM textiles based on fundamental pathways of energy exchange between the human body and environment. After introducing the concept of thermal comfort and the mechanisms of energy transfer regulation through clothing, we systematically categorize and critically analyze PTM strategies based on radiation, conduction, convection, and moisture management. For each category, we explore the design principles, fabrication methods, and performance metrics of state-of-the-art textiles. The review concludes by discussing persistent challenges and future research directions, aiming to guide the development of next-generation, high-performance, and intelligent PTM systems.

极端天气事件频发对人类健康和热舒适构成重大威胁。纺织品作为人体的第二层皮肤，不仅是主要的保护屏障，而且是人体与周围环境进行能量交换的关键界面。近年来，各种先进的个人热管理（PTM）纺织品被提出，旨在将人体温度保持在舒适的范围内。然而，缺乏对这些策略的系统分类和全面审查阻碍了PTM纺织品的迭代发展。本文从人体与环境能量交换的基本途径出发，综述了PTM纺织品的最新研究进展。在介绍了热舒适的概念和通过服装调节能量传递的机制之后，我们系统地分类和批判性地分析了基于辐射、传导、对流和水分管理的PTM策略。对于每个类别，我们探索的设计原则，制造方法和性能指标的最先进的纺织品。最后讨论了持续存在的挑战和未来的研究方向，旨在指导下一代高性能智能PTM系统的发展。

{"title":"Emerging thermoregulating textile for energy exchange and personal thermal management","authors":"Tong Xue, Xuejingwen Zhang, Chaoyue Guo, Ruijie Ma, Weihan Tao, Siyu Qiang, Chaoxia Wang, Yunjie Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequent extreme weather events pose significant threats to human health and thermal comfort. As the body's second layer of skin, textiles serve not only as the primary protective barrier but also as the critical interface for energy exchange between the human body and its surroundings. In recent years, various advanced personal thermal management (PTM) textiles have been proposed, designed to maintain the human body's temperature within a comfortable range. However, a lack of systematic classification and comprehensive review of these strategies hinders the iterative development of PTM textiles. Here, we review the latest advances in PTM textiles based on fundamental pathways of energy exchange between the human body and environment. After introducing the concept of thermal comfort and the mechanisms of energy transfer regulation through clothing, we systematically categorize and critically analyze PTM strategies based on radiation, conduction, convection, and moisture management. For each category, we explore the design principles, fabrication methods, and performance metrics of state-of-the-art textiles. The review concludes by discussing persistent challenges and future research directions, aiming to guide the development of next-generation, high-performance, and intelligent PTM systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102048"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atomic-level engineering anisotropic thermal transport for directional heat dissipation in silicon electronics 硅电子器件中定向散热的原子级工程各向异性热输运

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102049

Qikun Tian , Ailing Chen , Haofeng Qin , Ruyi Li , Yi Zhang , Yuting Jiang , Xiong Zheng , Zhenzhen Qin , Guangzhao Qin

Anisotropic thermal management has emerged as a pivotal strategy for addressing heat dissipation bottlenecks in high-power integrated circuits, as it enables the balance between thermal conductivity and lateral heat transfer area. Yet the rational design of intrinsic anisotropy in elemental semiconductors, especially for the world's largest silicon-based industry, remains fundamentally challenging. Here, we demonstrate precise engineering of anisotropic thermal transport in pure silicon crystals through atomic spatial arrangement. By leveraging a high-accuracy machine learning neuroevolution potential (NEP) combined with first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate the thermal transport properties of three bulk single-crystal silicon allotropes of mC8-Si, oC24-Si, and tP6-Si with distinct atomic arrangement, and find the room-temperature thermal conductivity anisotropy ratios reach 1.7 (mC8-Si) and 2.3 (oC24-Si). In-depth analysis of phonon transport shows that the outstanding contribution of the optical branch is responsible for the intrinsic heat transfer anisotropy. Furthermore, finite element method simulations at the device scale confirm that atom-level engineering induced anisotropic thermal transport facilitates effective directional heat dissipation. The insight gained in this work opens new avenues for manipulating anisotropic thermal transport solely through atomic arrangement engineering, representing an external-factor-free strategy for efficient thermal management.

各向异性热管理已经成为解决高功率集成电路散热瓶颈的关键策略，因为它可以实现热导率和侧向传热面积之间的平衡。然而，元素半导体的本征各向异性的合理设计，特别是对于世界上最大的硅基工业来说，仍然具有根本性的挑战性。在这里，我们通过原子空间排列展示了纯硅晶体中各向异性热输运的精确工程。利用高精度机器学习神经进化电位（NEP）结合第一性原理计算，系统研究了具有不同原子排列方式的mC8-Si、oC24-Si和tP6-Si三种块体单晶硅同素异形体的热输运性质，发现其室温导热各向异性比分别达到1.7 （mC8-Si）和2.3 （oC24-Si）。对声子输运的深入分析表明，光学分支的突出贡献是固有传热各向异性的原因。此外，在器件尺度上的有限元模拟证实了原子水平工程诱导的各向异性热输运有助于有效的定向散热。在这项工作中获得的见解为仅仅通过原子排列工程来操纵各向异性热输运开辟了新的途径，代表了一种无外部因素的有效热管理策略。

{"title":"Atomic-level engineering anisotropic thermal transport for directional heat dissipation in silicon electronics","authors":"Qikun Tian , Ailing Chen , Haofeng Qin , Ruyi Li , Yi Zhang , Yuting Jiang , Xiong Zheng , Zhenzhen Qin , Guangzhao Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anisotropic thermal management has emerged as a pivotal strategy for addressing heat dissipation bottlenecks in high-power integrated circuits, as it enables the balance between thermal conductivity and lateral heat transfer area. Yet the rational design of intrinsic anisotropy in elemental semiconductors, especially for the world's largest silicon-based industry, remains fundamentally challenging. Here, we demonstrate precise engineering of anisotropic thermal transport in pure silicon crystals through atomic spatial arrangement. By leveraging a high-accuracy machine learning neuroevolution potential (NEP) combined with first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate the thermal transport properties of three bulk single-crystal silicon allotropes of mC8-Si, oC24-Si, and tP6-Si with distinct atomic arrangement, and find the room-temperature thermal conductivity anisotropy ratios reach 1.7 (mC8-Si) and 2.3 (oC24-Si). In-depth analysis of phonon transport shows that the outstanding contribution of the optical branch is responsible for the intrinsic heat transfer anisotropy. Furthermore, finite element method simulations at the device scale confirm that atom-level engineering induced anisotropic thermal transport facilitates effective directional heat dissipation. The insight gained in this work opens new avenues for manipulating anisotropic thermal transport solely through atomic arrangement engineering, representing an external-factor-free strategy for efficient thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102049"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Durable elastocaloric alloys for wide-temperature range cooling 用于宽温度范围冷却的耐用弹性热合金

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102054

Yanxu Wang , Wu Gong , Delun Gong , Kun Zhang , Zhenquan Zhang , Stefanus Harjo , Loku Singgappulige Rosantha Kumara , Qiang Zhang , Wenjun Kuang , Rui Yang , Zhidong Zhang , Yulin Hao , Bing Li

Solid-state elastocaloric refrigeration offers a zero global warming potential (GWP) potential alternative to vapor-compression systems, and also enabling efficient cooling for cryogenic applications, yet its practical deployment is constrained by the absence of high-performance elastocaloric materials with wide operational windows and extreme durability. Here, we report a polycrystalline titanium alloy (Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn in wt%, Ti2448) that achieves elastocaloric effect with quasi-adiabatic temperature changes up to 4.2 K, across a wide temperature range from 298 to 38 K, with extrapolated reaching down to 1.59 K. The observed elastocaloric effect is attributed to a competition between phase transition entropy of BCC and orthorhombic phases and elastic entropy, as revealed by in-situ neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffractions. Critically, Ti2448 exhibits a tensile fatigue life exceeding 500,000 cycles at 137 K and combined with much higher corrosion resistance than commercial Ti-Ni alloys, the prototype of elastocaloric materials. Unlike complex single-crystal counterparts limited to lab-scale synthesis, Ti2448 leverages industrial-scale manufacturability, enabling its deployment as a candidate material for wide temperature cooling.

固态弹性热制冷为蒸汽压缩系统提供了零全球变暖潜能值（GWP）的潜在替代方案，也为低温应用提供了高效冷却，但其实际部署受到缺乏具有宽工作窗口和极端耐用性的高性能弹性热材料的限制。在这里，我们报道了一种多晶钛合金（Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn, wt%, Ti2448）在准绝热温度变化高达4.2 K的情况下实现了弹性热效应，在298到38 K的宽温度范围内，外推温度可达1.59 K。观察到的弹性热效应归因于BCC和正交相的相变熵与弹性熵之间的竞争，这是原位中子和同步加速器x射线衍射所揭示的。重要的是，Ti2448在137 K下的拉伸疲劳寿命超过50万次，并且比弹性热材料的原型Ti-Ni合金具有更高的耐腐蚀性。与仅限于实验室规模合成的复杂单晶不同，Ti2448利用工业规模的可制造性，使其成为宽温度冷却的候选材料。

{"title":"Durable elastocaloric alloys for wide-temperature range cooling","authors":"Yanxu Wang , Wu Gong , Delun Gong , Kun Zhang , Zhenquan Zhang , Stefanus Harjo , Loku Singgappulige Rosantha Kumara , Qiang Zhang , Wenjun Kuang , Rui Yang , Zhidong Zhang , Yulin Hao , Bing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state elastocaloric refrigeration offers a zero global warming potential (GWP) potential alternative to vapor-compression systems, and also enabling efficient cooling for cryogenic applications, yet its practical deployment is constrained by the absence of high-performance elastocaloric materials with wide operational windows and extreme durability. Here, we report a polycrystalline titanium alloy (Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn in wt%, Ti2448) that achieves elastocaloric effect with quasi-adiabatic temperature changes up to 4.2 K, across a wide temperature range from 298 to 38 K, with extrapolated reaching down to 1.59 K. The observed elastocaloric effect is attributed to a competition between phase transition entropy of BCC and orthorhombic phases and elastic entropy, as revealed by in-situ neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffractions. Critically, Ti2448 exhibits a tensile fatigue life exceeding 500,000 cycles at 137 K and combined with much higher corrosion resistance than commercial Ti-Ni alloys, the prototype of elastocaloric materials. Unlike complex single-crystal counterparts limited to lab-scale synthesis, Ti2448 leverages industrial-scale manufacturability, enabling its deployment as a candidate material for wide temperature cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102054"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0