Materials Today Physics最新文献_第4页

Quantum anomalous Hall effect with high Chern number in two dimensional ferromagnets Ti2TeSO 二维铁磁体Ti中高陈氏数量子反常霍尔效应[公式略]

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102050

Panjun Feng , Chenwei Yuan , Zheng Liu , Xiaoyan Pan , Miao Gao , Xun-Wang Yan , Fengjie Ma

Two-dimensional Chern insulators have emerged as crucial platforms for the realization of the quantum anomalous Hall effect, and as such have attracted significant interest in spintronics and topological quantum physics due to their unique coexistence of spontaneous magnetization and nontrivial topological characteristics. Nonetheless, substantial challenges persist in such systems, encompassing spin entanglement and the possession of only one edge state (Chern number

C

=1), which significantly hinder their practical applications. Herein, we propose a novel two-dimensional ferromagnetic half-semi-topological-metal, monolayer Ti

_{2}

TeSO, that exhibits exceptional electronic properties. Its majority spin channel possesses only a pair of symmetry-protected linear intersection points at the Fermi level, while the states of minority one locate far away from the Fermi level. When spin–orbit coupling is included, a substantial band gap of

\sim

92.8 meV is induced at the linear intersection points. Remarkably, the emergence of dual dissipationless chiral edge channels and a quantized Hall conductivity plateau at 2

e^{2}

/

h

collectively establish monolayer Ti

_{2}

TeSO as a high-Chern-number insulator with

C

=2. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that valley polarization can be achieved and controlled through the application of strain and the manipulation of the direction of magnetization. The first-principles calculations, in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations, yield a Curie temperature of 170 K for monolayer Ti

_{2}

TeSO, thereby indicating the plausibility of coexistence of valley polarization and topological states at temperatures well exceeding that of liquid nitrogen. These findings could provide a foundation for the development of multi-channels dissipationless transport devices and nonvolatile multistate memory architectures.

二维陈氏绝缘体已经成为实现量子反常霍尔效应的重要平台，并且由于其独特的自发磁化和非平凡拓扑特性的共存，因此引起了自旋电子学和拓扑量子物理学的极大兴趣。尽管如此，这种系统仍然存在实质性的挑战，包括自旋纠缠和只拥有一个边缘态（陈恩数C=1），这极大地阻碍了它们的实际应用。在此，我们提出了一种新的二维铁磁半半拓扑金属，单层Ti2TeSO，具有优异的电子性能。它的多数自旋通道在费米能级上只有一对对称保护的线性交点，而少数自旋通道的态位于远离费米能级的地方。当考虑自旋-轨道耦合时，在线性交点处产生了约92.8 meV的带隙。值得注意的是，双无耗散手性边缘通道的出现和2e2/h时量子化霍尔电导率平台的出现共同建立了单层Ti2TeSO作为C=2的高chern数绝缘体。此外，还证明了谷极化可以通过施加应变和控制磁化方向来实现和控制。第一性原理计算与蒙特卡罗模拟相结合，得出单层Ti2TeSO的居里温度为170 K，从而表明在远高于液氮的温度下，谷极化和拓扑态共存的可能性。这些发现可以为多通道无耗散传输器件和非易失性多态存储体系结构的发展提供基础。

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引用次数: 0

Designing new Zintl phases SrBaX (X = Si, Ge, Sn) for thermoelectric applications using ab initio techniques 利用从头算技术设计热电应用的新型Zintl相SrBaX （X = Si, Ge, Sn）

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102055

Vivek Gusain, Mohd Zeeshan, B.K. Mani

Slack’s phonon-glass and electron-crystal concept has been the guiding paradigm for designing new thermoelectric materials. Zintl phases, in principle, have been shown as great contenders of the concept and thereby good thermoelectric candidates. With this as motivation, we design new Zintl phases SrBaX (X = Si, Ge, Sn) using state-of-the-art computational methods. Herein, we use first-principles simulations to provide key theoretical insights to thermal and electrical transport properties. Some of the key findings of our work feature remarkably low lattice thermal conductivities (

<

1 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹), putting proposed materials among the well-known thermoelectric materials such as SnSe and other contemporary Zintl phases. We ascribe such low values to antibonding states induced weak bonding in the lattice and intrinsically weak phonon transport, resulting in low phonon velocities, short lifetimes, and considerable anharmonic scattering phase spaces. Besides, our results on electronic structure and transport properties reveal tremendous performance of SrBaGe (

Z T \sim

2.0 at 700 K), highlighting the relevance among state-of-the-art materials such as SnSe. Further, the similar performances for both

p

- and

n

-type dopings render these materials attractive from device fabrication perspective. We believe that our study would invite experimental investigations for realizing the true thermoelectric potential of SrBaX materials.

Slack的声子玻璃和电子晶体概念已经成为设计新型热电材料的指导范例。原则上，锌相已被证明是该概念的有力竞争者，因此是良好的热电候选者。以此为动力，我们使用最先进的计算方法设计了新的Zintl相SrBaX （X = Si, Ge, Sn）。在这里，我们使用第一性原理模拟来提供热和电输运性质的关键理论见解。我们工作的一些关键发现具有非常低的晶格热导率（<< 1 W m−1 K−1），将所提出的材料置于众所周知的热电材料中，如SnSe和其他当代Zintl相。我们将如此低的值归因于晶格中诱导弱键的反键状态和本质上弱的声子输运，导致声子速度低，寿命短，以及相当大的非谐波散射相空间。此外，我们在电子结构和输运性质方面的研究结果揭示了SrBaGe （700 K时ZT ~ ZT ~ 2.0）的巨大性能，突出了SnSe等最新材料之间的相关性。此外，pp型和nn型掺杂的相似性能使得这些材料从器件制造的角度来看具有吸引力。我们相信我们的研究将为实现SrBaX材料的真正热电势进行实验研究。

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引用次数: 0

Interfacial thermal transport analysis using machine learning potential at AlN/Cu van der Waals interface 基于机器学习势的AlN/Cu范德华界面热输运分析

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102057

Weitao Wang , Xin Wu , Yunhui Wu , Sebastian Volz , Takeshi Takagi , Masahiro Nomura

Three-dimensional integration is critical for next-generation integrated circuits, yet thermal management remains challenging due to complex interface environment. Owing to its high thermal conductivity, aluminum nitride (AlN) is a promising insulating layer for through-silicon via structures, yet its interfacial thermal behavior with copper (Cu) electrodes remains insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate phonon transport across non-bonded AlN-Cu interfaces governed by van der Waals (vdW) interactions using a machine learning potential (MLP) trained by density functional theory (DFT) data. The MLP accurately reproduces DFT-level phonon dispersion, energy-volume relationships, and interfacial binding energies. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations reveal total thermal resistance values of 10-14 m²K/GW at room temperature, approximately five times smaller than values obtained with empirical potentials and in excellent agreement with experimental data for similar semiconductor-metal interfaces. Unlike empirical potentials, the MLP predicts increasing thermal resistance with temperature, attributed to phonon softening and vibrational mismatch. Spectral decomposition analyses confirm reduced phonon thermal conductance at elevated temperatures. This work provides fundamental insights into weakly bonded semiconductor-metal interfaces and guidance for thermal management in 3D integrated systems.

三维集成对于下一代集成电路至关重要，但由于复杂的接口环境，热管理仍然具有挑战性。由于其高导热性，氮化铝（AlN）是一种很有前途的通硅孔结构绝缘层，但其与铜（Cu）电极的界面热行为仍未得到充分的了解。在这里，我们使用由密度泛函理论（DFT）数据训练的机器学习势（MLP）研究了由范德华（vdW）相互作用控制的非键AlN-Cu界面上的声子传输。MLP精确地再现了dft级声子色散、能量-体积关系和界面结合能。非平衡分子动力学模拟显示，室温下的总热阻值为10-14 m2K/GW，比经验势得到的值小约5倍，与类似半导体-金属界面的实验数据非常吻合。与经验势不同，MLP预测了声子软化和振动失配导致的热阻随温度的增加。光谱分解分析证实声子热导在高温下降低。这项工作为弱键半导体-金属界面提供了基本的见解，并为3D集成系统的热管理提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Microwave-induced tailoring of N-doping configurations in lightweight graphene for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption 微波诱导裁剪轻量级石墨烯中n掺杂结构以增强电磁波吸收

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102058

Yanan Liu, Xinrui Cai, Yu Zhang, Yaqing Liu, Yaxing Liu, Fan Zhang, Jiangyong Liu, Xiaogang Su

Exceptional electrical conductivity combined with unique two-dimensional layered nanostructure renders graphene a pivotal material for constructing next-generation ultra-lightweight and high-efficiency electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers. However, intrinsic graphene suffers from poor impedance matching and strong reflection of EMWs, which severely limits its practical application. This study proposes a strategy based on rapid microwave-assisted reduction coupled with N doping to achieve efficient synthesis of lightweight and high-performance N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N/rGO) absorbers. Reduction and doping were simultaneously accomplished within seconds by employing graphene oxide (GO) as the precursor and urea, 2-methylimidazole, and pyrrole as N precursors. By controlling the microwave irradiation time, N configurations and electromagnetic properties was effective regulated. Experimental results show that the sample N_U/rGO-40, with only 1 wt% filler loading and a thickness of 2.8 mm, exhibits an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.44 GHz (10.56–18.00 GHz). Moreover, its radar cross section (RCS) reduction reaches −8.3 dB m². Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the balanced regulation of different N configurations can synergistically optimize conduction loss and polarization loss, which is the core reason for significantly improving the impedance matching degree and attenuation capability of materials. This study provides new insights into the rapid, energy-efficient, and scalable synthesis of high-performance lightweight EMW absorption materials.

优异的导电性与独特的二维层状纳米结构相结合，使石墨烯成为构建下一代超轻质高效电磁波（EMW）吸收剂的关键材料。然而，固有石墨烯的阻抗匹配差，对emw的反射强，严重限制了其实际应用。本研究提出了一种基于快速微波辅助还原耦合N掺杂的策略，以实现轻质高性能N掺杂还原氧化石墨烯（N/rGO）吸收剂的高效合成。以氧化石墨烯（GO）为前驱体，尿素、2-甲基咪唑和吡咯为N前驱体，在数秒内同时完成还原和掺杂。通过控制微波辐照时间，可以有效调节N的构型和电磁特性。实验结果表明，在填充量为1 wt%、厚度为2.8 mm的情况下，NU/rGO-40具有7.44 GHz（10.56 ~ 18.00 GHz）的超宽有效吸收带宽（EAB）。雷达截面（RCS）降低达到−8.3 dB m2。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，不同N配置的平衡调节可以协同优化传导损耗和极化损耗，这是显著提高材料阻抗匹配度和衰减能力的核心原因。这项研究为快速、节能、可扩展地合成高性能轻质EMW吸收材料提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Selenium bonded bismuth-based oxides enables high-energy and high-rate aqueous sodium-ion batteries 硒键合铋基氧化物可实现高能量和高倍率的水钠离子电池

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102066

Yi Zhai , Jiwei Wang , Yijie Mao , Jinwen Fu , Xinxin Liu , Yongbao Feng , Wenbin Gong , Pan Xue , Qiulong Li

Aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs) have shown great promise for large-scale energy storage due to their notable advantages in safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, their practical application is impeded by their poor energy density, which is subject to the low capacity of anode materials. Bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) anode material exhibits a high theoretical Na⁺-storage capacity, but shows poor conductivity and structure stability. Herein, we successfully prepared a novel 2D layered Bi₂O₂Se nanosheet arrays directly grown on carbon cloth (CC) via a facile solvothermal-selenium bonding synthesis strategy as self-standing Bi₂O₂Se NSs/CC anodes. Selenium-bonding not only enhances the conductivity, but also improves the Na⁺ capture ability and decreases the Na⁺ migration energy barrier of Bi₂O₃. As a result, the Bi₂O₂Se NSs/CC delivers an ultrahigh capacity of 512.9 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and maintains a high-capacity retention of 63.4% over 500 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹. When coupled with InHCF/CC cathode, the as-assembled ASIBs deliver a high energy density of 95.11 Wh kg⁻¹ at 21.37 kW kg⁻¹, and can stably operate 500 cycles with an excellent retention of 96.8% at 2 A g⁻¹. This “structural-chemical” synergistic modulation provides a valuable theoretical guidance for the development of high-performance ASIBs’ anode materials.

水钠离子电池（asib）具有安全、环保、低成本等显著优势，在大规模储能领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，由于负极材料容量小，其能量密度较低，阻碍了其实际应用。氧化铋（Bi2O3）负极材料具有较高的理论Na+存储容量，但电导率和结构稳定性较差。在此，我们通过简单的溶剂热-硒键合合成策略，成功制备了直接生长在碳布（CC）上的新型二维层状Bi2O2Se纳米片阵列，作为独立的Bi2O2Se NSs/CC阳极。硒键合不仅提高了Bi2O3的电导率，而且提高了Na+捕获能力，降低了Na+迁移能垒。因此，Bi2O2Se NSs/CC在1 a g-1下可提供512.9 mAh g-1的超高容量，并在2 a g-1下保持500次的高容量保持率为63.4%。当与InHCF/CC阴极耦合时，组装的asib在21.37 kW kg-1下提供95.11 Wh kg-1的高能量密度，并且在2 a g-1下可以稳定运行500次，保持率为96.8%。这种“结构-化学”协同调制为高性能asb阳极材料的开发提供了有价值的理论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Superhydrophobic cooling coils with uniformly generated micro/nanostructures for enhanced condensate droplet repellency 具有均匀生成微/纳米结构的超疏水冷却盘管，用于增强冷凝液滴的驱避性

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102060

Wei Tong , Leymus Yong Xiang Lum , Huanyu Zhao , Xuwen Wang , Jin Yao Ho

Despite advances in superhydrophobic cooling coil technology, challenges such as delayed condensate drainage and flooding still frequently occur in air-conditioning systems. Herein, we developed superhydrophobic cooling coils featuring uniformly generated micro/nanostructures. Our method enables scalable treatment of 6061 aluminum cooling coils measuring 25 × 24 × 9 cm or larger, including those with irregular geometries. To our knowledge, this work reports the first systematic study to generate micro/nanostructures uniformly on large-scale superhydrophobic cooling coils that are free of unetched regions. These uniform micro/nanostructures prevent the formation of nanoscale Wenzel wetting states and leverage fin pitch to limit the maximum condensate droplet diameter before self-repellency to 1 mm, thereby minimizing flooding risk. We demonstrate that such coils can maintain continuous and complete condensate droplet repellency for 6 h during atmospheric condensation of humid air. This approach holds strong potential for scalable integration into air-conditioning systems to enhance dehumidification and overall thermohydraulic performance.

尽管超疏水冷却盘管技术取得了进步，但空调系统中仍然经常出现冷凝水延迟排放和水浸等问题。在此，我们开发了具有均匀生成微/纳米结构的超疏水冷却线圈。我们的方法可以扩展处理6061铝制冷却盘管，尺寸为25 × 24 × 9厘米或更大，包括那些不规则的几何形状。据我们所知，这项工作报告了第一个在无蚀刻区域的大规模超疏水冷却线圈上均匀生成微/纳米结构的系统研究。这些均匀的微/纳米结构防止了纳米级温泽尔润湿状态的形成，并利用翅片间距将自驱之前的最大冷凝液滴直径限制在1毫米，从而最大限度地降低了驱油风险。我们证明，在潮湿空气的大气冷凝过程中，这种线圈可以保持连续和完全的冷凝液滴排斥6小时。这种方法具有强大的潜力，可扩展集成到空调系统中，以增强除湿和整体热工性能。

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引用次数: 0

Quantum heterostructured catalytic materials for selective multi-carbon green products 选择性多碳绿色产品的量子异质结构催化材料

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102061

Manisha Sharma , Deepak Kumar , Sangeeta Shukla , Jong-Sung Yu , Rupendra Kumar Sharma , Yogendra Kumar Mishra , Raj Kishore Sharma , Sanjeev Kumar Sharma

Quantum heterostructures have emerged as next-generation catalytic architectures capable of driving highly selective multi-carbon products for sustainable energy advancement. The quantum-confined electronic structures, ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratios, and interfacial charge dynamics enable efficient activation and transformation of inert carbon feedstocks, such as CO₂, into value-added C₂⁺ molecules. Recent breakthroughs in compositional modulation, defect engineering, and controlled lattice coupling have unlocked new pathways for tunable binding energetics, suppressed parasitic reactions, and enhanced multi-electron transfer kinetics. This review systematically addresses advances in 2D/3D-driven catalytic platforms, including TMDs, MXenes, MOFs, COFs, g-C₃N₄, and emerging layered materials, highlighting engineered hybrid interfaces that integrate the chemical selectivity of 2D surfaces with the structural robustness of 3D supports. Mechanistic insights from electro-, photo-, and bio-assisted catalytic systems are analysed with an emphasis on C-C coupling efficiency, intermediate stabilization, and product branching rules. Critical bottlenecks encompassing durability, system-level integration, theoretical uncertainties, and scalable manufacturing are assessed, alongside strategic directions for industrial-grade carbon valorisation. This article aims to chart a forward-looking roadmap toward converting anthropogenic carbon into sustainable fuels and chemicals through atomically precise catalytic design.

量子异质结构已经成为下一代催化结构，能够驱动高选择性多碳产品，促进可持续能源的发展。量子限制的电子结构、超高的表面体积比和界面电荷动力学使惰性碳原料（如CO2）有效地活化和转化为增值的C2+分子。最近在组分调制、缺陷工程和控制晶格耦合方面的突破，为可调结合能、抑制寄生反应和增强多电子转移动力学开辟了新的途径。本文系统地介绍了2D/3D驱动催化平台的进展，包括TMDs、MXenes、mof、COFs、g-C3N4和新兴的层状材料，重点介绍了将2D表面的化学选择性与3D支撑的结构稳健性相结合的工程混合界面。机械见解从电，光，和生物辅助催化系统进行了分析，重点是C-C耦合效率，中间稳定性和产物分支规则。关键瓶颈包括耐久性、系统级集成、理论不确定性和可扩展制造，以及工业级碳定价的战略方向进行了评估。本文旨在通过原子精确的催化设计，绘制出将人为碳转化为可持续燃料和化学品的前瞻性路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Ultralow-Ru surface modification of Fe3O4 on iron foam for electronically and photothermally enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution 泡沫铁表面Fe3O4的超低ru改性及电子和光热增强碱性析氢

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102069

Li Li , Shiwei Zhang , Ting Lei

Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is essential for sustainable hydrogen production. Herein, we fabricate ultralow-Ru modified Fe₃O₄ catalyst grown directly on iron foam (Ru/Fe₃O₄/IF) via a one-step galvanic corrosion route, where the IF serves simultaneously as a conductive 3D scaffold and the iron source. The spontaneous redox reaction between Ru³⁺ and Fe⁰ yields highly dispersed Ru species anchored on Fe₃O₄, generating abundant metal/oxide interfacial sites with low Ru loading. Experimental characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations collectively reveal that interfacial Ru species regulate the local electronic structure of Fe₃O₄, downshift the Fe d-band center, and optimize the hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔG_H*), thereby promoting water dissociation and facilitating H* desorption. As a result, the optimal Ru/Fe₃O₄/IF electrode delivers an ultralow overpotential of 56 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² in 1.0 M KOH, along with a long-term durability of 168 h of water electrolysis at 1A cm⁻². Additionally, under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation, localized photothermal self-heating markedly accelerates alkaline HER kinetics, leading to a dramatic reduction of η₁₀ to 11 mV. Temperature-dependent measurements and Arrhenius analysis further demonstrate that NIR illumination lowers the apparent activation energy, corroborating the photothermal contribution to overcoming the sluggish Volmer step in alkaline media. The catalyst also exhibits no significant deactivation under repeated light on/off cycling, highlighting its robustness. This work presents an effective strategy that integrates interfacial electronic modulation with localized photothermal activation to develop energy-saving electrocatalysts for alkaline water electrolysis.

开发高性能的碱性析氢反应电催化剂是实现可持续制氢的关键。在此，我们通过一步电偶腐蚀的方法制备了直接生长在铁泡沫（Ru/Fe3O4/IF）上的超低Ru改性Fe3O4催化剂，其中IF同时作为导电3D支架和铁源。Ru3+和Fe0之间的自发氧化还原反应产生高度分散的Ru物种锚定在Fe3O4上，产生丰富的低Ru负载的金属/氧化物界面位点。实验表征和密度泛函理论（DFT）计算共同表明，界面Ru物质调节Fe3O4的局部电子结构，使Fe d带中心下移，并优化氢吸附自由能（ΔGH*），从而促进水解离，促进H*解吸。因此，最佳的Ru/Fe3O4/IF电极在1.0 M KOH下，在10 mA cm−2下提供了56 mV的超低过电位，并在1A cm−2下提供了168 h的长期电解时间。此外，808 nm近红外辐照下，局部光热自加热显著加速碱性HER动力学，导致η大幅降低10至11 mV。温度相关的测量和Arrhenius分析进一步表明，近红外光照降低了表观活化能，证实了光热对克服碱性介质中缓慢的沃尔默步长的贡献。该催化剂在反复的灯开/关循环下也没有明显的失活，突出了其稳健性。本研究提出了一种结合界面电子调制和局部光热活化的有效策略，以开发节能型碱性水电解电催化剂。

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引用次数: 0

Self-rectifying dynamic memristor based on 2D-graphene/V-doped Ga2O3 for neuromorphic processing 基于二维石墨烯/ v掺杂Ga2O3的自整流动态忆阻器用于神经形态加工

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102064

Ashish Kumar , Shahid Iqbal , Hyumin Dang , Taehyeon Yoon , Hyungtak Seo

Memristors adjust their internal resistance in response to external stimuli, enabling random-access memory, neuromorphic computing, sensing, and in-memory processing functions that are difficult to achieve with conventional devices. These capabilities arise from diverse switching mechanisms, making mechanistic understanding and the discovery of new memristive operation modes crucial for reliable implementation and advanced applications. In this work, we present a flexible Au/V-doped a-Ga₂O₃/single-layer graphene (SL-Gr)/Cu memristor platform, benchmarked against a reference device without graphene, in which mechanical strain directly modulates the switching mechanism. The SL-Gr interlayer regulates Cu⁺ injection and diffusion so that Cu-rich nanoclusters nucleate predominantly at graphene defect and edge sites (ECM contribution), while concurrent oxygen-vacancy (V_o) enrichment and field-driven redox in the V-doped a-Ga₂O₃ contribute to a valence-change pathway (VCM contribution), yielding a controllable hybrid-filament system. Notably, under stable and flexible operation, the device exhibits key neuromorphic functions, including Pavlovian associative learning, image memorization in a 3 × 3 array of letter “C”, “F”, “I”, and “L”, 4-bit state encoding, and digit recognition within a reservoir computing (RC) framework, underscoring its potential as a promising candidate for next-generation artificial intelligent (AI) hardware.

记忆电阻器根据外部刺激调整其内部电阻，从而实现传统器件难以实现的随机存取存储器、神经形态计算、传感和内存处理功能。这些功能来自不同的开关机制，使得机制理解和发现新的记忆操作模式对于可靠的实现和高级应用至关重要。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个灵活的Au/ v掺杂a- ga2o3 /单层石墨烯(SL-Gr)/Cu忆阻器平台，以不含石墨烯的参考器件为基准，其中机械应变直接调节开关机制。ls - gr中间层调节Cu+的注入和扩散，使富Cu纳米团簇主要在石墨烯缺陷和边缘位置成核（ECM贡献），而v掺杂的a- ga2o3中同时发生的氧空位（Vo）富集和场驱动氧化还原作用则促成了价变途径（VCM贡献），从而形成了可控的混合长丝体系。值得注意的是，在稳定和灵活的操作下，该设备表现出关键的神经形态功能，包括巴甫洛夫联想学习、3 × 3字母“C”、“F”、“I”和“L”阵列的图像记忆、4位状态编码和水库计算（RC）框架内的数字识别，突显了其作为下一代人工智能（AI）硬件的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Semi-supervised spatiotemporal segmentation of in situ transmission electron microscopy for nanoparticle dynamics 透射电镜图像序列的半监督和时间感知分割

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102033

Manpreet Kaur , Ali Ebadi , Xingying Zhang , Huanjing Liu , Cheng-Yu Chen , Eric A. Stach , Qian Liu

Understanding the real-time morphological evolution of nanoparticles under varying thermal and environmental conditions is crucial for revealing the mechanisms that govern their stability, growth, and functional performance in applications such as catalysis and nanomanufacturing. In-situ transmission electron microscopy provides direct, atomic-scale visualization of these dynamic processes through sequential imaging, capturing subtle transformations on a frame-by-frame basis. However, extracting reliable shape descriptors from such sequential image data remains challenging due to high noise, low contrast, inter-particle overlap, and the manual effort required for annotation. Existing segmentation methods often treat each frame independently, overlooking the temporal continuity inherent in in-situ imaging and failing to capture subtle but critical morphological transitions that underpin particle reshaping, coalescence, and structural evolution. To address these limitations, we present Swin U-Net Transformer with Temporal Convolutional Network for Segmentation (SwinTCN-Seg), a semi-supervised, spatiotemporally-aware framework that fuses transformer-based spatial encoding with temporal modeling to enable reliable analysis of morphological evolution in dynamic nanoparticle systems. Moreover, to reduce the need for dense manual labels, SwinTCN-Seg employs a pseudo-label propagation scheme that utilizes high-confidence predictions from labeled frames to guide learning on unlabeled ones, thereby uncovering transitional configurations. We validate SwinTCN-Seg on a large corpus of in-situ sequences of gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles imaged from 650 °C to 900 °C under vacuum and air environments. Despite being trained on only 5% of the labeled frames, the model achieves high segmentation accuracy, particularly in high-temperature regimes (

\geq

800 °C) where conventional methods struggle to detect complex phenomena such as faceting, sintering, and fragmentation. Code and models are available at https://github.com/kaur-manpreet325/TEM-Seg.

了解纳米颗粒在不同温度和环境条件下的实时形态演变对于揭示其稳定性、生长和功能性能的机制至关重要，这些机制在催化和纳米制造等应用中具有重要意义。原位透射电子显微镜通过顺序成像提供了这些动态过程的直接的、原子尺度的可视化，在逐帧的基础上捕捉细微的变化。然而，由于高噪声、低对比度、粒子间重叠以及注释需要人工操作，从此类连续图像数据中提取可靠的形状描述符仍然具有挑战性。现有的分割方法通常独立处理每一帧，忽略了原位成像固有的时间连续性，无法捕捉到支撑粒子重塑、聚并和结构演变的微妙但关键的形态转变。为了解决这些限制，我们提出了Swin U-Net Transformer with Temporal Convolutional Network for Segmentation (swintn - seg)，这是一种半监督的、时空感知的框架，融合了基于变压器的空间编码和时间建模，能够可靠地分析动态纳米颗粒系统的形态演变。此外，为了减少对密集手动标签的需求，SwinTCN-Seg采用了一种伪标签传播方案，该方案利用标记帧的高置信度预测来指导未标记帧的学习，从而揭示过渡配置。我们在650°C至900°C的真空和空气环境下的大量金（Au）和铂（Pt）纳米颗粒原位序列上验证了swintn - seg。尽管仅在5%的标记框架上进行了训练，但该模型实现了很高的分割精度，特别是在高温条件下（≥800°C），传统方法难以检测复杂现象，如切面、烧结和破碎。代码和模型可在https://github.com/kaur-manpreet325/TEM-Seg上获得。

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引用次数: 0