Materials Today Physics最新文献_第7页

Heterogeneous Fe/Ti3C2Tx MXene derived magnetic-dielectric synergy for efficient microwave attenuation at ultrathin thickness 非均相Fe/Ti3C2Tx MXene衍生磁介电协同在超薄厚度下的高效微波衰减

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102034

Kexun Li , Fangyu Shi , Yanxia Wu , Min Zhao , Ying Liu

Modulating the electromagnetic properties of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene to produce an ideal multifunctional and efficient microwave absorbent is a challenging research hotspot. Although the atomic layer deposited transition magnetic metal nanostructures are a feasible strategy, the effects of the components and microstructure of the introduced magnetic nanostructure on the electromagnetic wave absorption performances of the MXene are still far from clear. Here, the Fe element has been selected as the modifier, and a heterostructure Fe/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene hybrid is constructed by the atomic layer deposition of Fe nanoparticles on the Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets. The influences of the deposition cycles on the chemical composition, microstructure, electromagnetic response characteristics, and microwave absorption properties are investigated. The results show that the decoration of Fe nanoparticles enables a tunable electromagnetic performance. The Fe/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene hybrid achieves an optimal attenuation with the minimum reflection loss of -82.94 dB at a small thickness of 1.16 mm, corresponding with an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.76 GHz. The strong microwave absorption is attributed to the dielectric-magnetic synergy in the MXene and Fe nanoparticles, which provides excellent impedance matching, interfacial and dipolar polarization loss, and magnetic resonance loss. Specifically, the hybrid endows a low Fe content of 2.66 wt%. This is important for the design of a lightweight absorber with high attenuation efficiency.

调制Ti3C2Tx MXene的电磁特性以制备理想的多功能高效微波吸收剂是一个具有挑战性的研究热点。虽然原子层沉积过渡磁性金属纳米结构是一种可行的策略，但引入的磁性纳米结构的组成和微观结构对MXene电磁波吸收性能的影响尚不清楚。本文选择Fe元素作为改性剂，通过在Ti3C2Tx纳米片上原子层沉积Fe纳米粒子，构建了Fe/Ti3C2Tx MXene杂化结构。研究了沉积周期对化学成分、微观结构、电磁响应特性和微波吸收性能的影响。结果表明，铁纳米粒子的修饰使其电磁性能可调。Fe/Ti3C2Tx MXene复合材料在1.16 mm薄层处的反射损耗最小，为-82.94 dB，有效吸收带宽为3.76 GHz。强微波吸收是由于MXene和Fe纳米颗粒的介电-磁协同作用，提供了良好的阻抗匹配，界面和偶极极化损耗以及磁共振损耗。其中，杂化产物铁含量较低，为2.66 wt%。这对于设计具有高衰减效率的轻量化吸收体是非常重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced broadband infrared radiative cooling of CeO2/PDMS coating via partial substitution of Ce with Nd 用Nd部分取代Ce增强CeO2/PDMS涂层的宽带红外辐射冷却

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102017

Yu Duan , Mingrui Liu , Xianfeng Ye , Yu Liang , Danqi He , Zhijie Wei , Wanting Zhu , Yu Zhang , Wenyu Zhao , Qingjie Zhang

The development of high-performance infrared emissive materials is crucial for advancing energy utilization and thermal management technologies. To this end, we designed a series of Nd-doped CeO₂ materials with different dopant concentrations to precisely modulate oxygen vacancy concentration and impurity incorporation. The introduction of Nd not only facilitates the dynamic transition between Ce³⁺ and Ce⁴⁺ but also generates abundant oxygen vacancies and induces significant lattice distortion. These synergistic effects collectively narrow the electronic bandgap, facilitate carrier transitions, and reduce vibrational symmetry, thereby enhancing phonon-infrared interactions. As a result, Ce-Nd07 nanoparticles achieved a broadband emissivity of 0.923 (2.5–15 μm), which further increased to 0.935 when the material was fabricated into Ce-Nd07@PDMS composite coating. Furthermore, simulated radiative cooling tests reveal a temperature drop of 8.3 °C with a cooling efficiency of 12.3 %, confirming the exceptional radiative heat-dissipation capability. Additionally, the composite coating exhibits excellent UV resistance and hydrophobicity. These findings highlight a dual electronic-lattice engineering strategy for the development of next-generation radiative cooling materials.

高性能红外发射材料的发展对于推进能源利用和热管理技术至关重要。为此，我们设计了一系列不同掺杂浓度的nd掺杂CeO2材料，以精确调节氧空位浓度和杂质掺入。Nd的引入不仅促进了Ce3+和Ce4+之间的动态转变，而且产生了丰富的氧空位，引起了显著的晶格畸变。这些协同效应共同缩小了电子带隙，促进了载流子跃迁，降低了振动对称性，从而增强了声子-红外相互作用。结果表明，Ce-Nd07纳米粒子的宽带发射率为0.923 (2.5 ~ 15 μm)，制成Ce-Nd07@PDMS复合涂层后，该材料的宽带发射率进一步提高到0.935。此外，模拟辐射冷却试验表明，温度下降8.3°C，冷却效率为12.3%，证实了卓越的辐射散热能力。此外，复合涂层具有优异的抗紫外线和疏水性。这些发现强调了开发下一代辐射冷却材料的双电子晶格工程策略。

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引用次数: 0

Generalized rattling and thermal conductivity: Cubic LaRhTe 广义嘎嘎声和热导率：立方LaRhTe

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102015

Zhen Wang , Yazhu Xu , Gaofeng Zhao , Zhenzhen Feng , David J. Singh

Thermal conductivity is a key materials parameter that is important in combination with other properties for important applications including electronics, thermal barriers and a variety of energy technologies. There are established trends that are useful in finding materials with desirable thermal conductivity. For example, stable stiff lattices typically yield high thermal conductivity, while materials near instabilities have low thermal conductivity. Rattling is widely applied approach for lowering thermal conductivity and is understood as the incorporation of loosely bound ions in a semiconducting framework. It is manifested in low frequency flat optical phonon branches that cross the acoustic branches. We investigate LaRhTe using global optimization crystal structure determination, anharmonic lattice dynamics, and first principles based characterization of bonding. There are two low energy phases, a hexagonal metallic phase and a cubic semiconducting phase. This cubic phase is predicted to be a low thermal conductivity (1.61 W m⁻¹K⁻¹ at 300 K) semiconductor. We elucidate the origins of its low thermal conductivity finding that strong anharmonic phonon scattering, induced by weak bonding of Rh within the cage-like LaTe network, is important. The Rh atoms contribute to low-frequency phonons, while the La-Te system dominates the high-frequency optical phonon branches. This is unexpected based on the chemical characteristics of Rh chalcogenides and the known thermoelectric behavior of La-Te binary phases. It arises due to the structural constraints in the cubic half-Heusler phase leading to a generalized rattling behavior involving Rh. These results show that the rattling concept is more general than usually assumed and can be operative even without the characteristic rattler induced flat optical branches anticrossing the acoustic branches that are often discussed in the context of low thermal conductivity thermoelectrics.

导热系数是一个关键的材料参数，它与电子、热障和各种能源技术等重要应用的其他性能结合在一起很重要。在寻找具有理想导热性的材料时，有一些既定的趋势是有用的。例如，稳定的刚性晶格通常产生高导热系数，而接近不稳定的材料具有低导热系数。嘎嘎是广泛应用于降低热导率的方法，被理解为在半导体框架中结合松散结合的离子。它表现为低频平面光学声子分支与声学分支交叉。我们使用全局优化晶体结构确定、非调和晶格动力学和基于第一性原理的键合表征来研究LaRhTe。有两种低能相，六方金属相和立方半导体相。该立方相预测为低导热系数（在300 K时为1.61 W m−1K−1）的半导体。我们阐明了其低热导率的起源，发现由笼状LaTe网络中Rh的弱键引起的强非谐波声子散射是重要的。Rh原子对低频声子有贡献，而La-Te系统主导高频光学声子分支。基于Rh硫族化合物的化学特性和已知的La-Te二元相的热电行为，这是出乎意料的。它的产生是由于立方半赫斯勒相的结构约束导致涉及Rh的广义咔嗒行为。这些结果表明，嘎嘎声的概念比通常假设的更普遍，即使没有响尾声诱发的平坦光学分支的特征也可以运作，而声学分支通常在低热导率的热电环境中讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing nucleation and mass-transfer processes through regulating current density for stable aqueous Sn anode batteries 通过调节电流密度平衡锡水阳极电池成核和传质过程

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102021

Yaran Shi , Ze Yang , Xiaohui Li , Zhouzhou Wang , Xue Dong , Wenzhu Cao , Chenchen Wei , Zhixuan Huang , Zijun Sun , Yan Jiang , Ying Yu

Sn-based aqueous acidic batteries (SnAABs) as a new type of non-toxicity, acid-resistant, and ease of recycling batteries, face the challenges of inhomogeneous Sn deposition and excessive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic electrolytes, leading to its fast failure. Herein, current density has been identified as a key parameter for tuning Sn²⁺ nucleation and mass-transfer processes simultaneously on Sn anode. Both low current densities (LCD) and high current densities (HCD) resulted in poor plating/stripping stability due to inhomogeneous deposition and excessive HER. The optimal stability was achieved at moderate current densities (MCD), which balanced the nucleation and mass-transfer processes. As such, the Sn symmetrical cell exhibited stable cycling for 1000 h with a voltage polarization of 47 mV at the MCD, which remarkably surpassed the performances under the LCD (110 h) and the HCD (68 h). This work provides fundamental and practical insights for designing highly stable metal anodes.

锡基酸性水电池（SnAABs）作为一种无毒、耐酸、易于回收的新型电池，面临着酸性电解质中锡沉积不均匀和析氢反应（HER）过度导致其快速失效的挑战。本文认为，电流密度是调节Sn2+在锡阳极上同时成核和传质过程的关键参数。低电流密度（LCD）和高电流密度（HCD）由于沉积不均匀和HER过高，导致电镀/剥离稳定性差。在中等电流密度（MCD）下获得了最佳的稳定性，平衡了成核和传质过程。结果表明，锡对称电池在MCD下可稳定循环1000 h，电压极化为47 mV，明显优于LCD （110 h）和HCD （68 h）下的性能。这项工作为设计高度稳定的金属阳极提供了基础和实用的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrahigh responsivity β-Ga2O3 solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors through in-situ growth pressure-tuned defect engineering 基于原位生长压力调谐缺陷工程的超高响应率β-Ga2O3日盲紫外探测器

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102030

Jiayi Liu , Dongyang Han , Shujun Zhu , Xiaoli Zhang , Shulin Hu , Kaisen Liu , Wenrui Zhang , Jichun Ye

β-Ga₂O₃ is a promising material for solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors, yet its performance is often limited by native point defects. Here, we demonstrate ultrahigh performance β-Ga₂O₃ photodetectors through in-situ defect engineering via growth-pressure modulation during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Systematic variation of deposition pressure from 40 to 100 mbar reveals a nonmonotonic formation of gallium-oxygen divacancy (V_Ga–V_O) complexes governed by competing effects of precursor transport, surface nucleation, and adatom migration kinetics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence analyses confirm that an intermediate pressure of 80 mbar maximizes V_Ga–V_O defect incorporation by balancing adatom mobility and precursor kinetics. The V_Ga–V_O complexes act as deep-level hole traps, prolonging carrier lifetimes and generating strong photoconductive gain. The β-Ga₂O₃ photodetector grown at 80 mbar exhibits an ultrahigh responsivity of 1.40 × 10⁴ A/W, a photo-to-dark current ratio of 1.88 × 10⁷, a detectivity of 1.12 × 10¹⁴ Jones, and rapid rise/decay times of 33.9/10.5 ms. This study establishes growth pressure-tuned defect engineering as an effective strategy for tailoring the optoelectronic properties of β-Ga₂O₃, providing a viable pathway toward high-performance solar-blind UV photodetectors.

β-Ga2O3是一种很有前途的太阳盲紫外（UV）光电探测器材料，但其性能往往受到原生点缺陷的限制。在这里，我们通过原位缺陷工程，通过金属有机化学气相沉积过程中的生长压力调制，展示了超高性能的β-Ga2O3光电探测器。沉积压力从40到100毫巴的系统变化表明，镓-氧空位（VGa-VO）复合物的非单调形成受前驱体传输、表面成核和附原子迁移动力学的竞争影响。x射线光电子能谱和光致发光分析证实，通过平衡附原子迁移率和前体动力学，80毫巴的中间压力使VGa-VO缺陷掺入最大化。VGa-VO配合物作为深能级空穴陷阱，延长载流子寿命并产生强光导增益。在80mbar下生长的β-Ga2O3光电探测器具有1.40 × 104 A/W的超高响应率、1.88 × 107的光暗比、1.12 × 1014 Jones的检出率和33.9/10.5 ms的快速上升/衰减时间。本研究建立了生长压力调谐缺陷工程作为定制β-Ga2O3光电特性的有效策略，为高性能太阳盲UV光电探测器提供了可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

From structure to sensing: Metal Organic Framework for ammonia gas detection 从结构到传感：用于氨气检测的金属有机框架

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102029

Mohammad Yaasar Moosa , P. Uma Sathyakam

Ammonia (NH₃) serves as a significant environmental pollutant, a clinically important biomarker, and a critical target in industrial process monitoring. These varied roles drive the need for high-performance gas sensors that can operate effectively at room temperature. Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for gas sensing due to their high surface area, tunable pore architecture, and tailorable chemical properties. This review critically analyses recent advances in MOF-based ammonia sensors from a structure-to-sensing performance perspective, highlighting how rational structural design directly governs sensing behavior. Key strategies—including pore size optimization, the incorporation of open metal sites, linker functionalization with acidic or polar groups, defect engineering, and metal encapsulation are evaluated for their ability to enhance NH₃ adsorption through Lewis acid–base interactions and hydrogen bonding. These structural features directly contribute to the exceptional sensing characterized by sub-ppm to ppb-level detection limits, large response amplitudes, rapid response/recovery times at room temperature, and improved selectivity. Post-synthetic modifications that improve stability and sensing reliability under high humidity conditions are also examined. By correlating MOF structural characteristics with experimentally demonstrated sensing benchmarks, this review provides a clear framework for the rational design and scalable integration of MOF-based ammonia sensors, supporting their transition from laboratory studies to practical sensing devices.

氨（NH3）是一种重要的环境污染物，是临床上重要的生物标志物，也是工业过程监测的重要靶点。这些不同的作用推动了对可在室温下有效工作的高性能气体传感器的需求。金属有机框架（mof）由于其高表面积、可调节的孔隙结构和可定制的化学性质，已成为气敏材料中很有前途的材料。这篇综述从结构到传感性能的角度批判性地分析了基于mof的氨传感器的最新进展，强调了合理的结构设计如何直接控制传感行为。关键策略——包括孔径优化、开放金属位点的结合、连接体与酸性或极性基团的功能化、缺陷工程和金属封装——通过路易斯酸碱相互作用和氢键来增强NH3吸附的能力。这些结构特征直接促成了特殊的传感特征，其检测限为亚ppm至ppb级，响应幅度大，室温下响应/恢复时间快，选择性提高。还研究了在高湿条件下提高稳定性和传感可靠性的合成后修饰。通过将MOF结构特征与实验验证的传感基准相关联，本综述为基于MOF的氨传感器的合理设计和可扩展集成提供了清晰的框架，支持其从实验室研究过渡到实际传感设备。

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引用次数: 0

Vacancy-induced mechanism on deformation and thermal conductivity in medium-entropy carbides with typical grain boundaries 典型晶界中熵碳化物的变形和热导率的空位诱导机制

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102025

Xianteng Zhou , Chaokun Guo , Zhen Yang , Yuanji Xu , Hongquan Song , De-Ye Lin , Fuyang Tian

The synergistic optimization of ultra-high hardness and low thermal conductivity in high entropy carbides is achieved by adjusting the concentration of ordered carbon vacancies. By using machine-learning interatomic potentials integrated with molecular dynamics simulations and

a b

i n i t i o

calculations, we elucidate how lattice distortion, carbon vacancies and grain boundaries regulate the mechanical response and thermal transport of (NbTaZr)C. The results reveal that lattice distortion drives anomalous CNb bond rupture, enabling edge dislocation nucleation. Carbon vacancies reduce the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS) and induce localized amorphization, thereby enhancing intrinsic plasticity. The preferential segregation of carbon vacancies at grain boundaries optimizes stress redistribution, mitigating stress concentration while enhancing both yield strength and strain. Carbon vacancies markedly suppress lattice thermal transport capability via increasing vibrational localization and scattering between phonons and defects, whereas the ordering of carbon vacancies partially enhances lattice thermal conductivity through low-frequency phonon delocalization. Pronounced lattice distortion and Anderson localization collectively intensify electron scattering, thereby reducing electronic thermal conductivity, whereas the ordered carbon vacancies facilitate the delocalization of electrons, leading to a modest increase of electronic thermal conductivity. The interfacial thermal conductance(ITC) decreases due to impaired phonon mode matching and strengthened localization. We establish carbon vacancy-mediated strategies for concurrently tuning mechanical and thermal transport in multi-principal carbide ceramics.

通过调整有序碳空位的浓度，实现了高熵碳化物超高硬度和低导热性能的协同优化。通过机器学习原子间势结合分子动力学模拟和abab从头算，我们阐明了晶格畸变、碳空位和晶界如何调节（NbTaZr）C的机械响应和热输运。结果表明，晶格畸变导致CNb键异常断裂，导致边缘位错成核。碳空位降低了临界分解剪应力（CRSS），诱导了局部非晶化，从而提高了材料的本征塑性。晶界碳空位的优先偏析优化了应力重新分布，减轻了应力集中，同时提高了屈服强度和应变。碳空位通过增加声子和缺陷之间的振动局域化和散射来显著抑制晶格热输运能力，而碳空位的排序通过低频声子离域来部分增强晶格热导率。明显的晶格畸变和安德森局域化共同加剧了电子散射，从而降低了电子导热系数，而有序的碳空位促进了电子的离域，导致电子导热系数适度增加。声子模式匹配减弱和局域化增强导致界面热导降低。我们建立了碳空位介导的策略来同时调节多主碳化物陶瓷的机械和热输运。

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引用次数: 0

Stable memristive switching mechanism in CeO2/a-Ga2O3 heterostructure toward synaptic plasticity and logical operations CeO2/a-Ga2O3异质结构中突触可塑性和逻辑运算的稳定忆阻开关机制

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102014

Zhihao Yu, Zhenyang Wang, Fengmin Wu, Chao Wu, Daoyou Guo

Ga₂O₃ has emerged as a highly promising candidate for next-generation memristive materials, owing to its ultra-wide bandgap, exceptional chemical stability, and tunable defect energy states. However, single-layer Ga₂O₃ memristors often suffer from unstable switching voltages caused by the random formation and rupture of conductive filaments, hindering their practical application. In this work, a CeO₂/amorphous-Ga₂O₃ (a-Ga₂O₃) heterostructure memristor with a high oxygen-vacancy gradient was fabricated by employing oxygen-vacancy-rich CeO₂ as an oxygen-vacancy reservoir. The conductance change arises from reversible vacancy migration rather than filament formation in this device, ensuring stable and uniform switching. The device exhibits excellent switching uniformity, with the coefficient of variation for V_set and V_reset as low as 0.18 and 0.15, respectively, which are significantly improved compared with those of the single-layer a-Ga₂O₃ device (0.40 and 0.53, respectively). Moreover, both the HRS and LRS states remain highly stable for up to 10⁴ s under dark conditions. This work provides an effective approach to achieve stable, uniform, and non-filamentary resistive switching in wide-bandgap oxide memristors, paving the way for reliable neuromorphic and logic device applications.

由于其超宽的带隙、优异的化学稳定性和可调的缺陷能态，Ga2O3已成为下一代记忆材料的极有前途的候选者。然而，单层Ga2O3忆阻器由于导电丝的随机形成和断裂，导致开关电压不稳定，阻碍了其实际应用。本文以富氧空位的CeO2为氧空位储层，制备了具有高氧空位梯度的CeO2/非晶ga2o3异质结构忆阻器。在该器件中，电导变化是由可逆空位迁移而不是灯丝形成引起的，从而保证了开关的稳定和均匀。该器件具有优异的开关均匀性，Vset和Vreset的变化系数分别低至0.18和0.15，与单层a-Ga2O3器件（分别为0.40和0.53）相比有显著提高。此外，在黑暗条件下，HRS和LRS状态在长达104 s的时间内保持高度稳定。这项工作为实现宽带隙氧化物忆阻器的稳定、均匀和非丝状电阻开关提供了一种有效的方法，为可靠的神经形态和逻辑器件应用铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Self-supported electrodes for efficient water splitting: Integrating wettability with multidimensional engineering 自支撑电极高效水分裂：整合润湿性与多维工程

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101977

Leihuan Mu , Qinghua Liu , Jiehui Li , Hui Liu , Pu Feng , Ying Zhang , Jinmei He , Mengnan Qu

With the ongoing global energy transition and the implementation of the “carbon peak–carbon neutrality” strategy, electrocatalytic water splitting has been recognized as a pivotal technology for sustainable hydrogen production owing to its cleanliness and high efficiency. However, conventional powder-based electrodes still suffer from intrinsic drawbacks in electrical conductivity, structural durability, and gas evolution dynamics, making it challenging to achieve high current densities and long-term operational stability. In recent years, self-supported electrodes, benefiting from their integrated current collector–catalyst architecture, have demonstrated remarkable electron/ion transport, mechanical robustness, and highly designable three-dimensional porous structures, thereby emerging as the research frontier in electrolytic water splitting. Notably, precise regulation of electrode surface wettability has been proven to play a decisive role in governing reactant transport, bubble detachment kinetics, and the construction of triple-phase boundaries, thus serving as a key factor to enhance both catalytic activity and durability. This review highlights the synergistic interplay between wettability engineering and multidimensional strategies—including structural engineering, electronic structure modulation, interfacial engineering, and compositional regulation—revealing the intrinsic logic of cross-scale optimization for superior electrode performance. Furthermore, we propose a self-supported electrode design framework centered on the ternary synergy of “structure–wettability–electronics” and provide perspectives on dynamic wettability regulation and advanced in situ characterization techniques for predictive design and mechanistic elucidation. Collectively, this review aims to deliver theoretical insights and technological outlooks toward the rational design and industrial translation of high-performance self-supported electrodes for electrochemical water splitting.

随着全球能源转型和“碳峰碳中和”战略的实施，电催化水分解因其清洁和高效而被公认为可持续制氢的关键技术。然而，传统的粉末电极在导电性、结构耐久性和气体演化动力学方面仍然存在固有的缺点，这使得实现高电流密度和长期运行稳定性具有挑战性。近年来，自支撑电极得益于其集成的集流器-催化剂结构，表现出显著的电子/离子传输、机械稳健性和高度可设计的三维多孔结构，从而成为电解水分解的研究前沿。值得注意的是，电极表面润湿性的精确调节已被证明在控制反应物传输、气泡剥离动力学和三相边界的构建中起着决定性作用，因此是提高催化活性和耐久性的关键因素。这篇综述强调了润湿性工程和多维策略（包括结构工程、电子结构调制、界面工程和成分调节）之间的协同相互作用，揭示了卓越电极性能的跨尺度优化的内在逻辑。此外，我们提出了一个以“结构-润湿性-电子学”三元协同为中心的自支撑电极设计框架，并提供了动态润湿性调节的观点和先进的原位表征技术，用于预测设计和机理阐明。总的来说，本文旨在为电化学水分解的高性能自支撑电极的合理设计和工业转化提供理论见解和技术前景。

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引用次数: 0

Expanding the trilayer Ruddlesden-Popper nickelate family: Synthesis and characterization of Sm4Ni3O10-δ single crystals 扩展三层Ruddlesden-Popper镍酸盐家族：Sm4Ni3O10-δ单晶的合成与表征

IF 9.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today Physics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.102005

Yuhang Zhang, Tian-Yi Li, Xiyu Zhu, Ying-Jie Zhang, Shengtai Fan, Qing Li, Hai-Hu Wen

The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) nickelates has attracted significant attention. Bulk superconductivity emerges under pressure in trilayer nickelates La₄Ni₃O_10-δ (T_c ≈ 30 K) and Pr₄Ni₃O_10-δ (T_c ≈ 40.5 K), where the reduced ionic radius of Pr³⁺ may generate internal chemical pressure and enhance T_c. However, synthesizing trilayer RP phases with smaller rare-earth elements (Ln) is extremely challenging. So far, only the La, Pr, and Nd analogues have been synthesized with stable phases in the single rare-earth form. Here we report the first successful high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis of samarium-based compound Sm₄Ni₃O_10-δ. Magnetization and transport measurements consistently confirm a density wave (DW) transition at ∼180 K at ambient pressure. Through a careful fitting to the structural data of Sm₄Ni₃O_10-δ, it is found that the bond angle of (Ni−O−Ni) associating with the interlayer apical oxygen is much smaller than 180°, which was assumed to be the key factor for the occurrence of superconductivity. By applying pressures up to 80 GPa, despite partial suppression of insulating behavior and the DW order, but superconductivity is not observed in our present study. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the

3 d_{z^{2}}

and

3 d_{x^{2} - y^{2}}

are separated from other t_2g orbitals and make a primary contribution to the density of states at the Fermi energy. The newly synthesized trilayer nickelate Sm₄Ni₃O_10-δ offers a unique platform for probing the fundamental physics of RP nickelates.

Ruddlesden-Popper （RP）镍酸盐中高温超导性的发现引起了人们的广泛关注。三层镍酸盐La4Ni3O10-δ (Tc≈30 K)和Pr4Ni3O10-δ (Tc≈40.5 K)在压力下呈现大块超导性，其中Pr3+离子半径的减小可能产生内部化学压力，提高Tc。然而，用较小的稀土元素（Ln）合成三层RP相是极具挑战性的。到目前为止，只有La， Pr和Nd类似物以单一稀土形式合成了稳定相。在这里，我们报道了首次成功的高压高温（HPHT）合成钐基化合物Sm4Ni3O10-δ。磁化和输运测量一致地证实了在环境压力下~ 180 K的密度波（DW）跃迁。通过对Sm4Ni3O10-δ结构数据的仔细拟合，发现（Ni−O−Ni）与层间顶端氧缔合的键角远小于180°，这被认为是超导现象发生的关键因素。通过施加高达80gpa的压力，尽管部分抑制了绝缘行为和DW顺序，但在我们的研究中没有观察到超导性。密度泛函理论计算表明，3dz2和3dx2−y2轨道与其他t2g轨道分离，并对费米能量的态密度做出了主要贡献。新合成的三层镍酸盐Sm4Ni3O10-δ为探索RP镍酸盐的基本物理特性提供了一个独特的平台。

{"title":"Expanding the trilayer Ruddlesden-Popper nickelate family: Synthesis and characterization of Sm4Ni3O10-δ single crystals","authors":"Yuhang Zhang, Tian-Yi Li, Xiyu Zhu, Ying-Jie Zhang, Shengtai Fan, Qing Li, Hai-Hu Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.102005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.102005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) nickelates has attracted significant attention. Bulk superconductivity emerges under pressure in trilayer nickelates La<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10-δ</sub> (<em>T</em><sub>c</sub> ≈ 30 K) and Pr<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10-δ</sub> (<em>T</em><sub>c</sub> ≈ 40.5 K), where the reduced ionic radius of Pr<sup>3+</sup> may generate internal chemical pressure and enhance <em>T</em><sub>c</sub>. However, synthesizing trilayer RP phases with smaller rare-earth elements (<em>Ln</em>) is extremely challenging. So far, only the La, Pr, and Nd analogues have been synthesized with stable phases in the single rare-earth form. Here we report the first successful high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis of samarium-based compound Sm<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10-δ</sub>. Magnetization and transport measurements consistently confirm a density wave (DW) transition at ∼180 K at ambient pressure. Through a careful fitting to the structural data of Sm<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10-δ</sub>, it is found that the bond angle of (Ni−O−Ni) associating with the interlayer apical oxygen is much smaller than 180°, which was assumed to be the key factor for the occurrence of superconductivity. By applying pressures up to 80 GPa, despite partial suppression of insulating behavior and the DW order, but superconductivity is not observed in our present study. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>d</mi><msup><mi>z</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>y</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> are separated from other <em>t</em><sub><em>2g</em></sub> orbitals and make a primary contribution to the density of states at the Fermi energy. The newly synthesized trilayer nickelate Sm<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10-δ</sub> offers a unique platform for probing the fundamental physics of RP nickelates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102005"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145844913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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