Microbiological research最新文献_第8页

Rhizosphere resilience: Exploring microbial diversity and metabolic responses in long-term eucalyptus plantations 根际恢复力：探索长期桉树人工林微生物多样性和代谢反应

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128381

Ning Li , Yuemei Zhang , Zhaolei Qu , Jie Xu , Angang Ming , Hui Sun , Lin Huang

The large-scale cultivation of eucalyptus has led to significant ecological challenges, such as declines in soil microbial diversity and soil degradation. To address these issues, management practices incorporating nitrogen-fixing species and adjusted rotation periods have been proposed. However, their impacts on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and metabolites remain insufficiently understood. This study employed metagenomic and untargeted metabolomics techniques to investigate the response of rhizosphere microorganisms and metabolites in eucalyptus plantations under different management regimes: monoculture plantation, plantation mixed with a nitrogen-fixing tree species, monoculture second-generation plantation, and second-generation mixed plantation. The results revealed that mixed plantation increased microbial diversity compared to continuous cropping. In contrast, second-generation monoculture led to a loss of unique microbial species and reduced microbial community stability compared to the first-generation monoculture. In nutrient-poor pure second-generation plantations, the bacterium Gemmatimonadetes (relative abundance: PF: 0.13 %, PS: 0.39 %, MF: 0.14 %, MS: 0.21 %)—which plays a key role in soil phosphorus cycle—was enriched. Although continuous cropping improved the organic phosphorus mineralization function, it decreased the abundance of genes related to carbon (rbcL and ppc) and phosphorus cycle (phoP and ppk2). The metabolite fluocinolone is negatively correlated with carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycle gene components in our dataset, while echinocystic acid and bezitramide are positively correlated. These findings highlight that mixed plantations enhance the ecological niche of eucalyptus rhizosphere by altering the interaction between rhizosphere microbial composition, function, and host plant metabolism.

桉树的大规模种植带来了土壤微生物多样性下降和土壤退化等重大生态挑战。为了解决这些问题，提出了结合固氮物种和调整轮作周期的管理措施。然而，它们对根际土壤微生物和代谢物的影响尚不清楚。本研究采用宏基因组学和非靶向代谢组学技术，研究了桉树人工林在不同管理制度下根际微生物和代谢物的响应：单一栽培、混合固氮树种、单一栽培二代人工林和二代混交林。结果表明，混作比连作增加了土壤微生物多样性。相比之下，与第一代相比，第二代单一栽培导致了独特微生物物种的丧失和微生物群落稳定性的降低。在养分贫乏的纯二代人工林中，对土壤磷循环起关键作用的细菌（相对丰度：PF: 0.13 %,PS: 0.39 %,MF: 0.14 %,MS: 0.21 %）得到了富集。连作虽然提高了有机磷矿化功能，但降低了碳（rbcL和ppc）和磷循环（phoP和ppk2）相关基因的丰度。代谢物氟西诺酮与碳、氮、磷循环基因组分呈负相关，而棘囊酸与bezitramide呈正相关。这些结果表明，混交林通过改变根际微生物组成、功能和寄主植物代谢之间的相互作用，增强了桉树根际生态位。

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引用次数: 0

The interplay between glucose and aromatic compound regulation by two IclR-type transcription factors, LigR1 and LigR2, in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 两个iclr型转录因子LigR1和LigR2在恶臭假单胞菌KT2440中调控葡萄糖和芳香化合物的相互作用

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128382

Elina Kadriu, Sophie Qin, Stephanie M. Prezioso, Dinesh Christendat

Carbon utilization strategies are fundamental to microbial proliferation within complex ecosystems like the soil microbiome. These strategies dictate how microbes prioritize, and metabolize available carbon compounds, shaping community dynamics and ecological outcomes. Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a soil bacterium renowned for its metabolic versatility, exemplifies this adaptive capacity. However, the regulatory mechanism it employs to prioritize sugars vs aromatic compounds for their energy requirement remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated two IclR-type transcriptional regulators, LigR1 and LigR2, which control expression of the lig1 and lig2 operons. Functional analyses reveal that LigR1 and LigR2 activate lig1 but repress the lig2 operon. 4-hydroxybenzoate binding to LigR1 represses gene expression, whereas quinate, protocatechuate, and 4-hydroxybenzoate bind to LigR2 to induce lig2 operon expression. Additionally, ligR1 deletion causes growth defects on glucose and 4-hydroxybenzoate, accompanied by cell elongation and aggregation. We propose that the lig1 operon mediates dual influx of glucose and aromatics via its major facilitator superfamily transporter, while the lig2 operon catalyzes aromatic breakdown through a protocatechuate intermediate and meta-cleavage pathway, supplying oxaloacetate to the TCA cycle. Importantly, P. putida prioritizes shikimate pathway intermediates as energy sources under specific metabolic conditions, such as their accumulation. Overall, these findings redefine the metabolic flexibility of soil pseudomonads and reveal a novel mechanism for thriving in chemically diverse environments. By illuminating a dual regulatory system, our study offers new insight into microbial carbon flux and on the traditional biosynthetic paradigm of the shikimate pathway, revealing its unexpected role in supplying the organism with energy generating compounds.

碳利用策略是土壤微生物群等复杂生态系统中微生物增殖的基础。这些策略决定了微生物如何优先考虑和代谢可用的碳化合物，塑造群落动态和生态结果。恶臭假单胞菌KT2440是一种以其代谢多样性而闻名的土壤细菌，它体现了这种适应能力。然而，它用来区分糖和芳香族化合物的能量需求的调节机制仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了两个iclr型转录调控因子，LigR1和LigR2，它们控制lig1和lig2操纵子的表达。功能分析表明，LigR1和LigR2激活了lig1而抑制了lig2操纵子。4-羟基苯甲酸盐与LigR1结合抑制基因表达，而醌酸盐、原儿茶酸盐和4-羟基苯甲酸盐与LigR2结合诱导lig2操纵子表达。此外，ligR1缺失导致葡萄糖和4-羟基苯甲酸盐上的生长缺陷，并伴有细胞伸长和聚集。我们提出，lig1操纵子通过其主要的促进剂超家族转运体介导葡萄糖和芳香烃的双重内流，而lig2操纵子通过原儿茶酸中间和元裂解途径催化芳香烃的分解，为TCA循环提供草酰乙酸。重要的是，在特定的代谢条件下，如它们的积累，恶臭杆菌优先考虑莽草酸途径中间体作为能量来源。总的来说，这些发现重新定义了土壤假单胞菌的代谢灵活性，并揭示了在化学多样性环境中茁壮成长的新机制。通过阐明双重调控系统，我们的研究为微生物碳通量和莽草酸途径的传统生物合成范式提供了新的见解，揭示了它在为生物体提供能量生成化合物方面的意想不到的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Evolution of Listeria monocytogenes to a strong biofilm producer via the overexpression of Lmo1799 单核增生李斯特菌通过Lmo1799的过表达向强生物膜生产者的进化。

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128379

Alberto Bombelli , Natalia Crespo Tapia , Marcel H. Tempelaars , Sjef Boeren , Heidy M.W. den Besten , Tjakko Abee , Yue Liu

Biofilm formation is key in Listeria monocytogenes’ transmission and persistence in food processing environments. To further understand the mechanisms contributing to biofilm formation, an experimental evolution system was used to isolate strong biofilm producing strains of L. monocytogenes EGDe (reference strain) and FBR16 (hypermutator food isolate). After cycles of plastic surface colonisation, biofilm formation, dispersal and attachment to new surfaces, evolved variants (EV) strains were isolated and found to produce up to seven-fold more biofilm than their respective ancestral (AN) strains. Phenotypic assays revealed an increase in cell surface hydrophobicity as a shared dominant feature of EGDe and FBR16 EV isolates. Proteomic analysis showed proteins Lmo1798, a predicted glucosyltransferase, and Lmo1799, a putative peptidoglycan binding protein with 226 Ala-Asp tandem repeats, to be the most upregulated proteins in both EV strains compared to the AN strains. Genomic analysis of the EGDe EV strain identified a single-nucleotide insertion in the upstream region of lmo1799 and an in-frame deletion of 42 nucleotides in lmo1799, conceivably resulting in high-level expression of a functional protein with 219 Ala-Asp repeats. To evaluate the impact of Lmo1799 on the EV phenotypes and the overall biofilm capacity of L. monocytogenes, EGDe EV mutants lacking lmo1799 and/or the upstream insertion were constructed. Notably, both constructed mutants showed reduced biofilm formation and lower surface hydrophobicity compared to the EV strain, indicating the importance of these mutations for the strong biofilm capacity. Overall, these observations indicate a critical role of Lmo1799 in L. monocytogenes cell surface characteristics and biofilm formation.

生物膜的形成是单核增生李斯特菌在食品加工环境中传播和持续的关键。为了进一步了解生物膜形成的机制，我们利用实验进化系统分离了单核增生乳杆菌EGDe（参比菌株）和FBR16（超突变食品分离物）两株强生膜菌株。经过塑料表面定植、生物膜形成、扩散和附着到新表面的循环，分离出进化变体（EV）菌株，发现其产生的生物膜比各自的祖先（AN）菌株多7倍。表型分析显示，EGDe和FBR16 EV分离株的细胞表面疏水性增加是一个共同的显性特征。蛋白质组学分析显示，与AN菌株相比，预测的糖基转移酶Lmo1798和推测的肽聚糖结合蛋白Lmo1799是两株EV菌株中上调幅度最大的蛋白。对EGDe EV菌株的基因组分析发现，lmo1799上游区域有一个单核苷酸插入，lmo1799帧内缺失42个核苷酸，这可能导致具有219个Ala-Asp重复序列的功能蛋白的高水平表达。为了评估Lmo1799对单核增生乳杆菌EV表型和整体生物膜容量的影响，构建了缺乏Lmo1799和/或上游插入的EGDe EV突变体。值得注意的是，与EV菌株相比，这两种构建的突变体都显示出生物膜形成减少和表面疏水性降低，这表明这些突变对强生物膜能力的重要性。总之，这些观察结果表明Lmo1799在单核增生乳杆菌的细胞表面特征和生物膜形成中起着关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of Trichoderma harzianum gene expression and protein production in submerged cultures with inactivated oomycete mycelium 灭活卵菌菌丝深层培养哈茨木霉基因表达和蛋白产生的调控。

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128378

Wilfred Mabeche Anjago , Siqiao Chen , Yishen Zhao , Jiaqi Lu , Yajuan Chen , Dongmei Zhou , Irina S. Druzhinina , Lihui Wei , Paul Daly

The breakdown of oomycete necromass is an important source of organic matter for composting. How Trichoderma harzianum, an important composting fungus, regulates gene expression and produces exo-proteins for degradation of oomycete necromass is poorly understood, especially related to cellulose, an important component of oomycete necromass. Complementary techniques of chemical compositional analysis, transcriptomics, exo-proteomics, enzymatic assays, and fungal genetics were used to analyze the degradation of inactivated oomycete mycelial powder – a surrogate for oomycete necromass. In total, 1556 genes were upregulated and 212 exo-proteins were produced in T. harzianum oomycete mycelial powder cultures, and about 25 % of the produced proteins showed corresponding gene upregulation. The enzymes detected, such as β-1,3-glucanases, and β-1,4-glucanases (cellulases), matched well with the composition of oomycete mycelial powder. Linkage compositional analysis showed that the mycelial powder contained ∼ 60 % 1,3 linkages and ∼19 % 1,4 linkages. The enzyme cocktail from the submerged cultures converted approximately one-third of the mycelial powder to glucose by in vitro assays. The conversion of the mycelial powder to glucose was not substantially reduced by deletion of the cellulolytic transcriptional activator XYR1. Deletion of XYR1 did decrease cellulase activity but only ∼1 % of mycelial powder-induced genes appeared to be XYR1-regulated. In conclusion, T. harzianum produces suitable enzyme cocktails for oomycete mycelial powder degradation, with β-1,3-glucanases likely playing a more important role than cellulases. T. harzianum cellulases may either be relatively unimportant for the degradation, or may not be co-activated alongside CAZymes degrading less recalcitrant parts of the mycelial powder.

卵菌坏死团的分解是堆肥有机质的重要来源。哈兹木霉是一种重要的堆肥真菌，它如何调节基因表达并产生外显蛋白来降解卵菌坏死块，特别是与卵菌坏死块的重要成分纤维素有关，目前尚不清楚。化学成分分析、转录组学、外显蛋白质组学、酶分析和真菌遗传学等互补技术被用于分析灭活卵菌菌丝粉（卵菌坏死块的替代品）的降解。总共有1556个基因上调，产生212个外显蛋白，约25% %的蛋白表达相应基因上调。检测到的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和β-1,4-葡聚糖酶（纤维素酶）与卵菌菌丝粉的组成吻合较好。连锁组成分析表明，该菌丝粉含有~ 60个 % 1,3连锁和~ 19个 % 1,4连锁。通过体外实验，从深层培养中得到的酶混合物将大约三分之一的菌丝粉末转化为葡萄糖。纤维素水解转录激活因子XYR1的缺失并未显著降低菌丝粉向葡萄糖的转化。XYR1的缺失确实降低了纤维素酶的活性，但只有约1 %的菌丝粉诱导基因受到XYR1的调控。综上所述，哈氏霉产生了适合卵菌菌丝粉降解的混合酶，其中β-1,3-葡聚糖酶可能比纤维素酶发挥更重要的作用。哈茨芽孢杆菌的纤维素酶可能对降解相对不重要，或者可能不会与降解菌丝粉中较难降解部分的酶一起被共同激活。

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引用次数: 0

An omics-based framework for investigating the emerging antibiotic resistance gene: The case of estT 基于组学的研究新出现的抗生素耐药基因的框架：以est为例。

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128377

Xueqiang Xin , Kai Peng , Qiaojun Wang , Mashkoor Mohsin , Antonio Ruzzini , Zhiqiang Wang , Ruichao Li

The escalating prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a global public health crisis. This is exacerbated by the continuous emergence of new variants and the discovery of previously unrecognized antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). While advanced AMR surveillance efforts include time-consuming epidemiological investigations and retrospective analyses, critical gaps often remain towards our understanding of the sources of newly identified ARGs. Here, we established a framework integrating omics-based epidemiological investigations, genomic feature analysis of ARGs-carrying bacteria and evolution analysis of novel ARGs. We took the novel resistance gene estT as an example and analyzed it following this framework. Our study revealed that the estT gene was widely prevalent, capable of cross-phyla transmission, and predominantly present in human- and animal-derived bacteria. We explored the genomic characteristics of estT-positive Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Mannheimia haemolytica, and Riemerella anatipestifer, uncovering their public health risks. Evolution analysis of estT homologs found historical connections between estTs and tet(X)s. This study provides a systematic strategy for the proactive surveillance of emerging ARGs, enabling omics-data-driven monitoring of ARG evolution and dissemination to mitigate the escalating crisis of AMR.

抗菌素耐药性（AMR）的日益流行构成了一场全球公共卫生危机。新变种的不断出现和以前未被识别的抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的发现加剧了这种情况。虽然先进的抗菌素耐药性监测工作包括耗时的流行病学调查和回顾性分析，但我们对新发现的ARGs来源的理解往往存在重大差距。在此，我们建立了一个整合基于组学的流行病学调查、携带ARGs细菌的基因组特征分析和新型ARGs进化分析的框架。本文以新型耐药基因estT为例，在此框架下进行了分析。我们的研究表明，estT基因广泛存在，能够跨门传播，主要存在于人类和动物来源的细菌中。我们研究了est阳性的大肠杆菌、芽孢杆菌、溶血性曼海默氏菌和鸭疫里默氏菌的基因组特征，揭示了它们的公共卫生风险。对est同源物的进化分析发现，est与tet(X)s之间存在历史联系。本研究为主动监测新出现的ARG提供了系统策略，使组学数据驱动的ARG演变和传播监测能够缓解不断升级的抗菌素耐药性危机。

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引用次数: 0

Role of enniatins and deoxynivalenol in interspecific growth and competition in vitro among the principal causal agents of Fusarium head blight 嫩花素和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇在赤霉病主要致病因子种间生长和体外竞争中的作用

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128376

Francesco Tini , Giovanni Beccari , Lorenzo Covarelli , Nora A. Foroud , Claudia Camplone , Aurelie H. Benfield , Donald M. Gardiner , Linda J. Harris , Michael Sulyok , Roberto Romani , Ilaria Bellezza , Luisa Ederli

Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium avenaceum, causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB), are known to produce secondary metabolites such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and enniatins (ENNs), respectively. These species, along with other FHB pathogens, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium poae, often co-exist in a single host-plant head, potentially resulting in the accumulation of different secondary metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro role of ENNs and DON in Fusarium development, metabolism and competition. The effects of three concentrations of enniatin B (ENB) and DON, alone or in combination, were assessed on the growth of F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. poae, and F. culmorum on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The expression of F. graminearum genes potentially related to stress response, growth and involved in trichothecene biosynthesis, was analyzed to elucidate the secondary metabolite action. The role of ENNs and DON in interspecific competition was explored through dual-culture experiments on PDA and rice flour agar (RFA) using mutant strains of F. avenaceum and F. graminearum. A combination of ENB and DON at the highest concentration (100 mg L⁻¹) had the most significant inhibitory effect on the growth of all tested species. Even at the lowest concentration (10 mg L⁻¹), ENB+DON significantly inhibited the growth of F. graminearum (5 %) and F. avenaceum (14 %). Gene expression analysis in F. graminearum revealed that exposure to 100 mg L⁻¹ of ENB, DON, or their combination induced a stress response. However, dual-culture experiments demonstrated that ENNs and DON did not play a role in the in vitro interactions between F. graminearum and F. avenaceum. The results obtained may prove useful in shedding light on the competitive dynamics among the various Fusarium species involved in causing FHB, and on how their secondary metabolites may play a role, either alone or in combination, in the development of the disease.

稻谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）和avenaceum是导致枯萎病（Fusarium head blight， FHB）的病原体，已知它们分别产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇（脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇，DON）和腐腐镰刀菌素（enniatins, ENNs）等次生代谢物。这些物种，连同其他FHB病原体，镰刀菌和poae镰刀菌，经常共存于一个单一的寄主植株头部，可能导致不同次生代谢物的积累。本研究旨在探讨ENNs和DON在体外镰刀菌发育、代谢和竞争中的作用。研究了三种不同浓度的enniatin B （ENB）和DON单独或联合施用对马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）上avenaceum、F. graminearum、F. poae和F. culmorum生长的影响。分析了禾粒霉在胁迫反应、生长和毛霉合成等方面的基因表达，以阐明其次生代谢作用。利用突变菌株avavaceum和F. graminearum在PDA和米粉琼脂（RFA）上的双重培养实验，探讨了ENNs和DON在种间竞争中的作用。最高浓度（100 mg L - 1）的ENB和DON的组合对所有被试物种的生长都有最显著的抑制作用。即使在最低浓度（10 mg L⁻¹）下，ENB+DON也能显著抑制F. graminearum（5 %）和F. avenaceum（14 %）的生长。对F. graminearum的基因表达分析显示，暴露于100 mg L⁻¹ 的ENB、DON或它们的组合会引起应激反应。然而，双培养实验表明，在F. graminearum和F. avenaceum的体外相互作用中，ENNs和DON没有发挥作用。所获得的结果可能有助于阐明引起FHB的各种镰刀菌物种之间的竞争动态，以及它们的次级代谢物如何单独或联合在疾病的发展中发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0

Pheromone MAPK pathway regulates the yeast-to-hypha transition in the parasitic mushroom Naematelia sinensis in a cell fusion–independent manner 信息素MAPK通路以不依赖于细胞融合的方式调控寄生菌Naematelia sinensis酵母向菌丝的转变

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128374

Ying Yang , Jiaqi Lu , Caihong Dong

Naematelia sinensis (Jin Er), a distinctive parasitic mushroom, relies on its interaction with Stereum hirsutum for fruiting body formation. The transition from yeast to hyphae is essential for its lifecycle, facilitating both parasitism and sexual reproduction. Under axenic conditions, however, it predominantly exists in the yeast form. This study established conditions that induce yeast-to-hypha transition and explored the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Hyphal induction was successfully achieved using a medium derived from mushroom spent substrate, with lactose significantly enhancing the transition. Hyphal formation occurred in heterokaryons or co-cultured monokaryons with different B mating-type loci, underscoring the crucial role of the B mating locus. Notably, hyphal development was observed even without physical contact between monokaryons of different B mating loci, suggesting that cell fusion is not a prerequisite and a diffusible signal likely mediates the transition. Genome resequencing revealed structural variations and sequence divergence at the B locus in compatible strains. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the pheromone MAPK pathway as the regulator of the transition, alongside a unique lactose metabolic pathway that diverges from the classical Kluyveromyces model. Lactose appears to function both as a carbon source and as a possible signaling molecule driving dimorphism. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of fungal dimorphism and lay a foundation for future research on fruiting body formation and parasitism in N. sinensis.

金耳（Naematelia sinensis）是一种独特的寄生菌，其子实体的形成依赖于与hirsutum的相互作用。从酵母到菌丝的转变对其生命周期至关重要，促进了寄生和有性繁殖。然而，在无菌条件下，它主要以酵母形式存在。本研究建立了诱导酵母向菌丝转化的条件，并探讨了潜在的调控机制。菌丝的诱导是成功的，培养基来源于蘑菇的废底物，乳糖显著增强了过渡。菌丝形成发生在具有不同B交配型位点的异核体或共培养的单核体中，这表明B交配位点的作用至关重要。值得注意的是，即使在不同B交配位点的单核细胞之间没有物理接触，也可以观察到菌丝的发育，这表明细胞融合不是先决条件，扩散信号可能介导了这种转变。基因组重测序揭示了相容菌株B位点的结构变异和序列分化。转录组学分析显示，信息素MAPK途径是这一转变的调节剂，同时还有一个独特的乳糖代谢途径，与经典的克卢维菌模型不同。乳糖似乎既是碳源，也是驱动二态性的可能的信号分子。这些研究结果为深入了解真菌二态现象的发生机制提供了新的思路，并为进一步研究中华白蚁的子实体形成和寄生机制奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Surface-layer proteins of Enterococcus faecium WEFA23 inhibit Listeria monocytogenes-induced inflammation via TLR2-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signalling in RAW 264.7 cells 在RAW 264.7细胞中，屎肠球菌表层蛋白WEFA23通过tlr2介导的NF-κB和MAPK信号传导抑制单核细胞增生李斯特菌诱导的炎症

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128373

Yao He , Xingyi Long , Bing Dong , Yina Huang , Xueying Tao , Hua Wei

Listeria monocytogenes infection, which has a higher mortality rate than other foodborne pathogens, is a major concern in global food safety. Among various interventions, lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites have gained significant attention. Our previous study showed that the surface layer proteins (SLPs) of Enterococcus faecium WEFA23, isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of newborn infants, exhibited strong inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes CMCC57007; however, the underlying mechanism remained unclear. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of E. faecium WEFA23 SLPs against L. monocytogenes infection were investigated in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, focusing on phagocytic and bactericidal activity, as well as cytokine production. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTC) could be a functional component of the SLPs. Consequently, otc gene knockout and heterologous expression strains were constructed. The results showed that deletion of the otc gene eliminated the inhibitory activity, while recombinant OTC maintained a satisfactory inhibitory effect. Mechanistically, both SLPs and purified OTC suppressed the activation of the NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathways, which were likely mediated through TLR2. Overall, our findings provide a scientific basis for the application of SLPs and E. faecium in food systems to prevent pathogenic infections.

单核细胞增生李斯特菌感染的死亡率高于其他食源性病原体，是全球食品安全的一个主要问题。在各种干预措施中，乳酸菌及其代谢物受到了极大的关注。我们前期的研究表明，从新生儿胃肠道分离的屎肠球菌WEFA23的表层蛋白（SLPs）对单核增生乳杆菌CMCC57007具有较强的抑制活性；然而，潜在的机制仍不清楚。本研究在RAW 264.7巨噬细胞中研究了屎肠杆菌WEFA23 SLPs对单核增生乳杆菌感染的免疫调节作用，重点研究了其吞噬和杀菌活性以及细胞因子的产生。此外，LC-MS/MS分析表明鸟氨酸氨基甲酰转移酶（OTC）可能是SLPs的一个功能成分。构建了otc基因敲除株和异源表达株。结果表明，otc基因的缺失消除了抑制活性，而重组otc保持了令人满意的抑制效果。在机制上，SLPs和纯化OTC均抑制NF-κB/MAPK信号通路的激活，这可能是通过TLR2介导的。总之，我们的研究结果为SLPs和E. faecium在食品系统中的应用预防致病性感染提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the antifungal and antimycotoxin mechanisms of natural stilbenoids against Fusarium graminearum 综合代谢组学和转录组学分析阐明天然stilbenoids抗镰刀菌和抗霉菌毒素的机制。

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128370

Trang Tran-Minh , Nadia Ponts , Stéphane Bernillon , Pierre Waffo-Téguo , Caroline Rouger , Florence Richard-Forget , Vessela Atanasova

Climate change is driving a rise in the contamination of crops by mycotoxins, threatening global food security. If agrochemical use is to be reduced, environmentally friendly antimycotoxin solutions are urgently needed. This study aims to elucidate the antifungal and antimycotoxin modes of action of stilbenoid molecules from vine by-product extracts against Fusarium graminearum, the primary causal agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat and a main producer of type B trichothecene (TCTB) mycotoxins. E-resveratrol (RES), a monomer, and E-vitisin B (VIT), a tetramer, were selected as the targeted stilbenoids due to their predominance in vine extracts. VIT (8 µM) showed greater efficacy than RES (35 µM) in inhibiting spore germination, biomass production, and TCTB yield. To better understand their modes of action, a multi-omics approach combining mRNA-seq-based transcriptomics and LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics was employed. mRNA-seq data evidenced that VIT exposure altered the expression of nearly half of F. graminearum genes, whereas RES induced only minimal transcriptomic changes. Integrated with metabolomics data, our findings suggest that VIT’s modes of action involves: (1) disruption of the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane via downregulation of sphingolipid metabolism, (2) inhibition of sporulation and hyphal growth, and (3) both direct and indirect interference with TCTB biosynthesis. These findings support the potential of viniculture waste-derived compounds as biofungicides, offering a dual benefit of reducing cereal mycotoxin contamination and valorising underused vine biomass.

气候变化正在推动真菌毒素污染作物的增加，威胁到全球粮食安全。如果要减少农用化学品的使用，迫切需要环境友好型抗霉菌毒素溶液。摘要本研究旨在阐明葡萄副产物二苯乙烯类分子对小麦赤霉病的主要致病因子、B型曲霉菌（TCTB）真菌毒素的主要产生者镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）的抗真菌和抗霉菌毒素作用模式。选择单体e -白藜芦醇（RES）和四聚体e -白藜芦醇B （VIT）作为目标二苯乙烯类化合物，因为它们在葡萄提取物中占主导地位。VIT（8 µM）在抑制孢子萌发、生物量产生和TCTB产量方面的效果优于RES（35 µM）。为了更好地了解它们的作用模式，采用多组学方法结合基于mrna序列的转录组学和基于LC-MS/ ms的非靶向代谢组学。mRNA-seq数据证明，VIT暴露改变了近一半的F. graminearum基因的表达，而RES只诱导了最小的转录组变化。结合代谢组学数据，我们的研究结果表明，VIT的作用模式包括：(1)通过下调鞘脂代谢破坏真菌细胞壁和质膜，(2)抑制孢子和菌丝生长，(3)直接和间接干扰TCTB的生物合成。这些发现支持了葡萄栽培废弃物衍生化合物作为生物杀菌剂的潜力，提供了减少谷物真菌毒素污染和增加未充分利用的葡萄生物量的双重效益。

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引用次数: 0

Targeting bacterial motility: Prospective therapeutic countermeasures 靶向细菌运动：前瞻性治疗对策

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128369

Yilin Sun , Pengcheng Wang , Yidan Chai , Ru Song , Ming Cheng , Jingrrong Gao , Luminita Duma , Yannick Rossez , Xiaoyu Zou , Ye Tao , Huicheng Yang

Microorganisms have developed several motility types regulated by environmental conditions in host colonization to support transmission and virulence. Targeting motility is a promising antivirulence strategy. Herein, the current and developing countermeasures targeting filament-based and gliding/sliding motility mechanisms, including assembly, structure, and secretion, are reviewed. Additionally, indirect strategies that influence motility, including targeting c-di-GMP signaling, quorum sensing, and the two-component system, are described. Biological interference with metabolites and bacteriophage, as well as the promising strategies are also addressed in the review. The limitation and challenges of antimotility interventions are critically analysed. Overall, targeting motility represents a novel antivirulence paradigm to disarm pathogens while minimizing selective pressure for resistance, pointing to a promising direction for future combination therapies.

微生物在宿主定殖过程中已发展出几种受环境条件调节的运动类型，以支持传播和毒力。靶向运动是一种很有前途的抗毒策略。本文综述了目前和正在发展的针对基于细丝和滑动/滑动运动机制的对策，包括组装、结构和分泌。此外，还描述了影响运动的间接策略，包括靶向c-di-GMP信号，群体感应和双组分系统。对代谢物和噬菌体的生物干扰及其应用前景进行了综述。限制和挑战的抗运动干预是批判性分析。总的来说，靶向运动代表了一种新的抗毒范式，可以解除病原体的武装，同时最大限度地减少耐药性的选择压力，为未来的联合治疗指明了一个有希望的方向。

引用次数: 0