Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0738
Min Kyeong Lee, Seon Rang Woo, Joo Kyung Noh, Soonki Min, Moonkyoo Kong, Young Chan Lee, Seong-Gyu Ko, Young-Gyu Eun
In this study, we developed and validated the clinical significance of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related gene signature and explored its association with radiation therapy (RT) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). First, we searched the three published review literature associated with SASP and selected all 81 genes to develop SASP-related gene signature. Then, 81 SASP-related genes were adapted to gene expression dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Patients with HNSCC of TCGA were classified into clusters 1 and 2 via unsupervised clustering according to SASP-related gene signature. Kaplan-Meier plot survival analysis showed that cluster 1 had a poorer prognosis than cluster 2 in 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Similarly, cluster 1 showed a worse prognosis than cluster 2 in three validation cohorts (E-MTAB-8588, FHCRC, and KHU). Cox proportional hazards regression observed that the SASP-related signature was an independent prognostic factor for patients with HNSCC. We also established a nomogram using a relevant clinical parameter and a risk score. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to assess the accuracy of the prognostic risk model and nomogram. Senescence SASP-related gene signature was associated with the response to RT. Therefore, subsequent, in vitro experiments further validated the association between SASP-related gene signature and RT in HNSCC. In conclusion, we developed a SASP-related gene signature, which could predict survival of patients with HNSCC, and this gene signature provides new clinical evidence for the accurate diagnosis and targeted RT of HNSCC.
{"title":"Prognostic Significance of SASP-Related Gene Signature of Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Min Kyeong Lee, Seon Rang Woo, Joo Kyung Noh, Soonki Min, Moonkyoo Kong, Young Chan Lee, Seong-Gyu Ko, Young-Gyu Eun","doi":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0738","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we developed and validated the clinical significance of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related gene signature and explored its association with radiation therapy (RT) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). First, we searched the three published review literature associated with SASP and selected all 81 genes to develop SASP-related gene signature. Then, 81 SASP-related genes were adapted to gene expression dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Patients with HNSCC of TCGA were classified into clusters 1 and 2 via unsupervised clustering according to SASP-related gene signature. Kaplan-Meier plot survival analysis showed that cluster 1 had a poorer prognosis than cluster 2 in 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Similarly, cluster 1 showed a worse prognosis than cluster 2 in three validation cohorts (E-MTAB-8588, FHCRC, and KHU). Cox proportional hazards regression observed that the SASP-related signature was an independent prognostic factor for patients with HNSCC. We also established a nomogram using a relevant clinical parameter and a risk score. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to assess the accuracy of the prognostic risk model and nomogram. Senescence SASP-related gene signature was associated with the response to RT. Therefore, subsequent, in vitro experiments further validated the association between SASP-related gene signature and RT in HNSCC. In conclusion, we developed a SASP-related gene signature, which could predict survival of patients with HNSCC, and this gene signature provides new clinical evidence for the accurate diagnosis and targeted RT of HNSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18791,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0681
Jennifer H E Baker, Alastair H Kyle, Nannan A Liu, Taixiang Wang, Xinhe Liu, Sevin Teymori, Judit P Banáth, Andrew I Minchinton
Inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase (PRKDC; DNA-PK) sensitize cancers to radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapies, with candidates in clinical trials. However, the degree to which DNA-PK inhibitors also sensitize normal tissues remains poorly characterized. In this study, we compare tumor growth control and normal tissue sensitization following DNA-PK inhibitors in combination with radiation and etoposide. FaDu tumor xenografts implanted in mice were treated with 10 to 15 Gy irradiation ± 3 to 100 mg/kg AZD7648. A dose-dependent increase in time to tumor volume doubling following AZD7648 was proportional to an increase in toxicity scores of the overlying skin. Similar effects were seen in the intestinal jejunum, tongue, and FaDu tumor xenografts of mice assessed for proliferation rates at 3.5 days after treatment with etoposide or 5 Gy whole body irradiation ± DNA-PK inhibitors AZD7648 or peposertib (M3814). Additional organs were examined for sensitivity to DNA-PK inhibitor activity in ATM-deficient mice, where DNA-PK activity is indicated by surrogate marker γH2AX. Inhibition was observed in the heart, brain, pancreas, thymus, tongue, and salivary glands of ATM-deficient mice treated with the DNA-PK inhibitors relative to radiation alone. Similar reductions are also seen in ATM-deficient FaDu tumor xenografts where both pDNA-PK and γH2AX staining could be performed. DNA-PK inhibitor-mediated sensitization to radiation and DNA-damaging chemotherapy are not only limited to tumor tissues, but also extends to normal tissues sustaining DNA damage. These data are useful for interpretation of the sensitizing effects of DNA damage repair inhibitors, where a therapeutic index showing greater cell-killing effects on cancer cells is crucial for optimal clinical translation.
{"title":"Radiation and Chemo-Sensitizing Effects of DNA-PK Inhibitors Are Proportional in Tumors and Normal Tissues.","authors":"Jennifer H E Baker, Alastair H Kyle, Nannan A Liu, Taixiang Wang, Xinhe Liu, Sevin Teymori, Judit P Banáth, Andrew I Minchinton","doi":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0681","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase (PRKDC; DNA-PK) sensitize cancers to radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapies, with candidates in clinical trials. However, the degree to which DNA-PK inhibitors also sensitize normal tissues remains poorly characterized. In this study, we compare tumor growth control and normal tissue sensitization following DNA-PK inhibitors in combination with radiation and etoposide. FaDu tumor xenografts implanted in mice were treated with 10 to 15 Gy irradiation ± 3 to 100 mg/kg AZD7648. A dose-dependent increase in time to tumor volume doubling following AZD7648 was proportional to an increase in toxicity scores of the overlying skin. Similar effects were seen in the intestinal jejunum, tongue, and FaDu tumor xenografts of mice assessed for proliferation rates at 3.5 days after treatment with etoposide or 5 Gy whole body irradiation ± DNA-PK inhibitors AZD7648 or peposertib (M3814). Additional organs were examined for sensitivity to DNA-PK inhibitor activity in ATM-deficient mice, where DNA-PK activity is indicated by surrogate marker γH2AX. Inhibition was observed in the heart, brain, pancreas, thymus, tongue, and salivary glands of ATM-deficient mice treated with the DNA-PK inhibitors relative to radiation alone. Similar reductions are also seen in ATM-deficient FaDu tumor xenografts where both pDNA-PK and γH2AX staining could be performed. DNA-PK inhibitor-mediated sensitization to radiation and DNA-damaging chemotherapy are not only limited to tumor tissues, but also extends to normal tissues sustaining DNA damage. These data are useful for interpretation of the sensitizing effects of DNA damage repair inhibitors, where a therapeutic index showing greater cell-killing effects on cancer cells is crucial for optimal clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18791,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0931
Priyanka S Rana, James J Ignatz-Hoover, Chunna Guo, Amber L Mosley, Ehsan Malek, Yuriy Fedorov, Drew J Adams, James J Driscoll
Proteasomes generate antigenic peptides that are presented on the tumor surface to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Immunoproteasomes are highly-specialized proteasome variants that are expressed at higher levels in antigen-presenting cells and contain replacements of the three constitutive proteasome catalytic subunits to generate peptides with a hydrophobic C-terminus that fit within the groove of MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules. A hallmark of cancer is the ability to evade immunosurveillance by disrupting the antigen presentation machinery and downregulating MHC-I antigen presentation. High-throughput screening was performed to identify Compound A, a novel molecule that selectively increased immunoproteasome activity and expanded the number and diversity of MHC-I-bound peptides presented on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Compound A increased the presentation of individual MHC-I-bound peptides >100-fold and unmasked tumor-specific neoantigens on myeloma cells. Global proteomic integral stability assays determined that Compound A binds the proteasome structural subunit PSMA1 and promotes association of the proteasome activator PA28α/β (PSME1/PSME2) with immunoproteasomes. CRISPR/Cas9 silencing of PSMA1, PSME1, or PSME2 as well as treatment with immunoproteasome-specific suicide inhibitors abolished the effects of Compound A on antigen presentation. Treatment of MM cell lines and patient bone marrow-derived CD138+ cells with Compound A increased the antimyeloma activity of allogenic and autologous T-cells. Compound A was well-tolerated in vivo and co-treatment with allogeneic T-cells reduced the growth of myeloma xenotransplants in NSG mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate the paradigm-shifting impact of immunoproteasome activators to diversify the antigenic landscape, expand the immunopeptidome, potentiate T-cell-directed therapy, and reveal actionable neoantigens for personalized T-cell immunotherapy.
蛋白酶体产生抗原肽,并在肿瘤表面呈现给细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞(CTL)。免疫蛋白酶体是高度特化的蛋白酶体变体,在抗原递呈细胞中的表达量较高,包含三个组成型蛋白酶体催化亚基的替代物,生成的肽具有疏水性 C 端,适合 MHC I 类(MHC-I)分子的沟槽。癌症的一个特征是能够通过破坏抗原递呈机制和下调 MHC-I 抗原递呈来逃避免疫监视。高通量筛选确定了化合物 A,这是一种新型分子,可选择性地提高免疫蛋白酶体的活性,并增加多发性骨髓瘤(MM)细胞上呈递的 MHC-I 结合肽的数量和多样性。化合物 A 能使单个 MHC-I 结合肽的呈现率提高 100 倍以上,并能揭示骨髓瘤细胞上的肿瘤特异性新抗原。全局蛋白质组整体稳定性测定确定,化合物 A 能与蛋白酶体结构亚基 PSMA1 结合,并促进蛋白酶体激活剂 PA28α/β (PSME1/PSME2)与免疫蛋白酶体的结合。CRISPR/Cas9沉默PSMA1、PSME1或PSME2以及用免疫蛋白酶体特异性自杀抑制剂处理可消除化合物A对抗原呈递的影响。用化合物 A 处理 MM 细胞系和患者骨髓来源的 CD138+ 细胞可提高异体和自体 T 细胞的抗骨髓瘤活性。化合物 A 在体内耐受性良好,与异体 T 细胞联合处理可减少骨髓瘤异种移植在 NSG 小鼠体内的生长。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明了免疫蛋白酶体激活剂在使抗原景观多样化、扩大免疫肽体、增强T细胞导向疗法以及揭示可用于个性化T细胞免疫疗法的新抗原等方面的范式转换影响。
{"title":"Immunoproteasome activation expands the MHC class I immunopeptidome, unmasks neoantigens and enhances T-cell antimyeloma activity.","authors":"Priyanka S Rana, James J Ignatz-Hoover, Chunna Guo, Amber L Mosley, Ehsan Malek, Yuriy Fedorov, Drew J Adams, James J Driscoll","doi":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0931","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteasomes generate antigenic peptides that are presented on the tumor surface to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Immunoproteasomes are highly-specialized proteasome variants that are expressed at higher levels in antigen-presenting cells and contain replacements of the three constitutive proteasome catalytic subunits to generate peptides with a hydrophobic C-terminus that fit within the groove of MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules. A hallmark of cancer is the ability to evade immunosurveillance by disrupting the antigen presentation machinery and downregulating MHC-I antigen presentation. High-throughput screening was performed to identify Compound A, a novel molecule that selectively increased immunoproteasome activity and expanded the number and diversity of MHC-I-bound peptides presented on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Compound A increased the presentation of individual MHC-I-bound peptides >100-fold and unmasked tumor-specific neoantigens on myeloma cells. Global proteomic integral stability assays determined that Compound A binds the proteasome structural subunit PSMA1 and promotes association of the proteasome activator PA28α/β (PSME1/PSME2) with immunoproteasomes. CRISPR/Cas9 silencing of PSMA1, PSME1, or PSME2 as well as treatment with immunoproteasome-specific suicide inhibitors abolished the effects of Compound A on antigen presentation. Treatment of MM cell lines and patient bone marrow-derived CD138+ cells with Compound A increased the antimyeloma activity of allogenic and autologous T-cells. Compound A was well-tolerated in vivo and co-treatment with allogeneic T-cells reduced the growth of myeloma xenotransplants in NSG mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate the paradigm-shifting impact of immunoproteasome activators to diversify the antigenic landscape, expand the immunopeptidome, potentiate T-cell-directed therapy, and reveal actionable neoantigens for personalized T-cell immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18791,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0790
Sitanshu S Singh, Raul Calvo, Anju Kumari, Rushikesh V Sable, Yuhong Fang, Dingyin Tao, Xin Hu, Sarah Gray Castle, Saifun Nahar, Dandan Li, Emily Major, Tino W Sanchez, Rintaro Kato, Xin Xu, Jian Zhou, Liang Liu, Christopher A LeClair, Anton Simeonov, Bolormaa Baljinnyam, Mark J Henderson, Juan Marugan, Udo Rudloff
As tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exercise a plethora of pro-tumor and immune evasive functions, novel strategies targeting TAMs to inhibit tumor progression have emerged within the current arena of cancer immunotherapy. Activation of the mannose receptor 1 (Mrc1; CD206) is a recent approach that recognizes immune suppressive CD206high M2-like TAMs as a drug target. Ligation of CD206 both induces reprogramming of CD206high TAMs towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype and selectively triggers apoptosis in these cells. CD206-activating therapeutics are currently limited to the linear, 10mer peptide RP-182, 1, which is not a drug candidate. Here we sought to identify a better suitable candidate for future clinical development by synthesizing and evaluating a series of RP-182 analogues. Surprisingly, fatty acid derivative 1a (RP-182-PEG3-K(palmitic acid)) not only showed improved stability but also increased affinity to the CD206 receptor through enhanced interaction with a hydrophobic binding motif of CD206. Peptide 1a showed superior in vitro activity in cell-based assays of macrophage activation which was restricted to CD206high M2-polarized macrophages. Improvement of responses was disproportionally skewed towards improved induction of phagocytosis including cancer cell phagocytosis. 1a reprogrammed the immune landscape in genetically engineered murine KPC pancreatic tumors towards increased innate immune surveillance and improved tumor control, and effectively suppressed tumor growth of murine B16 melanoma allografts.
{"title":"Fatty acid derivatization and cyclization of the immunomodulatory peptide RP-182 targeting CD206high macrophages improves anti-tumor activity.","authors":"Sitanshu S Singh, Raul Calvo, Anju Kumari, Rushikesh V Sable, Yuhong Fang, Dingyin Tao, Xin Hu, Sarah Gray Castle, Saifun Nahar, Dandan Li, Emily Major, Tino W Sanchez, Rintaro Kato, Xin Xu, Jian Zhou, Liang Liu, Christopher A LeClair, Anton Simeonov, Bolormaa Baljinnyam, Mark J Henderson, Juan Marugan, Udo Rudloff","doi":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exercise a plethora of pro-tumor and immune evasive functions, novel strategies targeting TAMs to inhibit tumor progression have emerged within the current arena of cancer immunotherapy. Activation of the mannose receptor 1 (Mrc1; CD206) is a recent approach that recognizes immune suppressive CD206high M2-like TAMs as a drug target. Ligation of CD206 both induces reprogramming of CD206high TAMs towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype and selectively triggers apoptosis in these cells. CD206-activating therapeutics are currently limited to the linear, 10mer peptide RP-182, 1, which is not a drug candidate. Here we sought to identify a better suitable candidate for future clinical development by synthesizing and evaluating a series of RP-182 analogues. Surprisingly, fatty acid derivative 1a (RP-182-PEG3-K(palmitic acid)) not only showed improved stability but also increased affinity to the CD206 receptor through enhanced interaction with a hydrophobic binding motif of CD206. Peptide 1a showed superior in vitro activity in cell-based assays of macrophage activation which was restricted to CD206high M2-polarized macrophages. Improvement of responses was disproportionally skewed towards improved induction of phagocytosis including cancer cell phagocytosis. 1a reprogrammed the immune landscape in genetically engineered murine KPC pancreatic tumors towards increased innate immune surveillance and improved tumor control, and effectively suppressed tumor growth of murine B16 melanoma allografts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18791,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-24-0187
Foram Dave, Poonam Vaghela, Bryony Heath, Zuzana Dunster, Elena Dubinina, Dhruma Thakker, Katie Mann, Joe Chadwick, Gaelle Cane, Bubacarr G Kaira, Omar J Mohammed, Ruhul Choudhury, Samantha Paston, Tina Parsons, Mireille Vankemmelbeke, Lindy Durrant
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options. Fucosyl-GM1 (FucGM1) is a glycolipid overexpressed in the majority of SCLC tumours, but virtually absent from normal healthy tissues. Here, we validate a FucGM1-targeting T cell redirecting bispecific antibody (TCB) for the treatment of SCLC. Over 80% of SCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tissues expressed FucGM1, whilst only three normal human tissues: pituitary, thymus and skin expressed low and focal FucGM1. A FucGM1-targeting TCB (SC134-TCB), based on the Fc-silenced humanised h134 antibody exhibited nanomolar FucGM1 glycolipid and SCLC cell surface binding. SC134-TCB showed potent ex vivo killing of SCLC cell lines with donor-dependent EC50 ranging from 7.2 pmol/L up to 211.0 pmol/L, effectively activating T cells, with picomolar efficiency, coinciding with target-dependent cytokine production such as interferon gamma, interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha and robust proliferation of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. The ex vivo SC134-TCB tumour controlling activity translated into an effective in vivo anti-DMS79 tumour therapy, resulting in 100% tumour-free survival in a human PBMC admixed setting and 40% overall survival (55% tumour growth inhibition) with systemically administered human PBMC. Combination treatment with Atezolizumab further enhanced survival and tumour growth inhibition (up to 73%). A ten-fold SC134-TCB dose reduction maintained the strong in vivo anti-tumour impact, translating into 70% overall survival (P<0.0001). Whole blood incubation with SC134-TCB, as well as healthy human primary cells analysis, revealed no target-independent cytokine production. SC134-TCB presents an attractive candidate to deliver an effective immunotherapy treatment option for SCLC patients.
{"title":"SC134-TCB targeting fucosyl-GM1, a T cell engaging antibody with potent anti-tumour activity in preclinical small-cell lung cancer models.","authors":"Foram Dave, Poonam Vaghela, Bryony Heath, Zuzana Dunster, Elena Dubinina, Dhruma Thakker, Katie Mann, Joe Chadwick, Gaelle Cane, Bubacarr G Kaira, Omar J Mohammed, Ruhul Choudhury, Samantha Paston, Tina Parsons, Mireille Vankemmelbeke, Lindy Durrant","doi":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-24-0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-24-0187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options. Fucosyl-GM1 (FucGM1) is a glycolipid overexpressed in the majority of SCLC tumours, but virtually absent from normal healthy tissues. Here, we validate a FucGM1-targeting T cell redirecting bispecific antibody (TCB) for the treatment of SCLC. Over 80% of SCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tissues expressed FucGM1, whilst only three normal human tissues: pituitary, thymus and skin expressed low and focal FucGM1. A FucGM1-targeting TCB (SC134-TCB), based on the Fc-silenced humanised h134 antibody exhibited nanomolar FucGM1 glycolipid and SCLC cell surface binding. SC134-TCB showed potent ex vivo killing of SCLC cell lines with donor-dependent EC50 ranging from 7.2 pmol/L up to 211.0 pmol/L, effectively activating T cells, with picomolar efficiency, coinciding with target-dependent cytokine production such as interferon gamma, interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha and robust proliferation of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. The ex vivo SC134-TCB tumour controlling activity translated into an effective in vivo anti-DMS79 tumour therapy, resulting in 100% tumour-free survival in a human PBMC admixed setting and 40% overall survival (55% tumour growth inhibition) with systemically administered human PBMC. Combination treatment with Atezolizumab further enhanced survival and tumour growth inhibition (up to 73%). A ten-fold SC134-TCB dose reduction maintained the strong in vivo anti-tumour impact, translating into 70% overall survival (P<0.0001). Whole blood incubation with SC134-TCB, as well as healthy human primary cells analysis, revealed no target-independent cytokine production. SC134-TCB presents an attractive candidate to deliver an effective immunotherapy treatment option for SCLC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18791,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0927
Lillian K Skidmore, David Mills, Ji Young Kim, Nick A Knudsen, Jay D Nelson, Manoj Pal, Jianing Wang, Kedar Gc, Michael J Gray, Wisam Barkho, Prathap Nagaraja Shastri, Mysore P Ramprasad, Feng Tian, Daniel O'Connor, Ying J Buechler, Shawn Shao-Hui Zhang
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an advanced disease in which patients ultimately fail standard of care androgen-deprivation therapies and exhibit poor survival rates. The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been validated as a mCRPC tumor antigen with over-expression in tumors and low expression in healthy tissues. Using our proprietary technology for incorporating synthetic amino acids (SAAs) into proteins at selected sites, we have developed ARX517, an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) which is composed of a humanized anti-PSMA antibody site-specifically conjugated to a tubulin inhibitor at a drug-to-antibody ratio of 2. After binding PSMA, ARX517 is internalized and catabolized, leading to cytotoxic payload delivery and apoptosis. To minimize premature payload release and maximize delivery to tumor cells, ARX517 employs a non-cleavable PEG linker and stable oxime conjugation enabled via SAA protein incorporation to ensure its overall stability. In vitro studies demonstrate that ARX517 selectively induces cytotoxicity of PSMA-expressing tumor cell lines. ARX517 exhibited a long terminal half-life and high serum exposure in mice, and dose-dependent anti-tumor activity in both enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant CDX and PDX prostate cancer models. Repeat dose toxicokinetic studies in non-human primates demonstrated ARX517 was tolerated at exposures well above therapeutic exposures in mouse pharmacology studies, indicating a wide therapeutic index. In summary, ARX517 inhibited tumor growth in diverse mCRPC models, demonstrated a tolerable safety profile in monkeys, and had a wide therapeutic index based on preclinical exposure data. Based on the encouraging preclinical data, ARX517 is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical trial ([NCT04662580]).
{"title":"Preclinical Characterization of ARX517, a Site-specific Stable PSMA-Targeted Antibody Drug Conjugate for Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Lillian K Skidmore, David Mills, Ji Young Kim, Nick A Knudsen, Jay D Nelson, Manoj Pal, Jianing Wang, Kedar Gc, Michael J Gray, Wisam Barkho, Prathap Nagaraja Shastri, Mysore P Ramprasad, Feng Tian, Daniel O'Connor, Ying J Buechler, Shawn Shao-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an advanced disease in which patients ultimately fail standard of care androgen-deprivation therapies and exhibit poor survival rates. The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been validated as a mCRPC tumor antigen with over-expression in tumors and low expression in healthy tissues. Using our proprietary technology for incorporating synthetic amino acids (SAAs) into proteins at selected sites, we have developed ARX517, an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) which is composed of a humanized anti-PSMA antibody site-specifically conjugated to a tubulin inhibitor at a drug-to-antibody ratio of 2. After binding PSMA, ARX517 is internalized and catabolized, leading to cytotoxic payload delivery and apoptosis. To minimize premature payload release and maximize delivery to tumor cells, ARX517 employs a non-cleavable PEG linker and stable oxime conjugation enabled via SAA protein incorporation to ensure its overall stability. In vitro studies demonstrate that ARX517 selectively induces cytotoxicity of PSMA-expressing tumor cell lines. ARX517 exhibited a long terminal half-life and high serum exposure in mice, and dose-dependent anti-tumor activity in both enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant CDX and PDX prostate cancer models. Repeat dose toxicokinetic studies in non-human primates demonstrated ARX517 was tolerated at exposures well above therapeutic exposures in mouse pharmacology studies, indicating a wide therapeutic index. In summary, ARX517 inhibited tumor growth in diverse mCRPC models, demonstrated a tolerable safety profile in monkeys, and had a wide therapeutic index based on preclinical exposure data. Based on the encouraging preclinical data, ARX517 is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical trial ([NCT04662580]).</p>","PeriodicalId":18791,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0843
Kai Schiemann, Natalya Belousova, Armine Matevossian, Kalyan C Nallaparaju, Giorgio Kradjian, Meghana Pandya, Zhouxiang Chen, Esengul Aral, Eva-Maria Krauel, Elissaveta Petrova, Carsten Boesler, Thomas Kitzing, Marc Lecomte, Christian Wagner, Anne Laure Blayo, Stephan Schann, Bayard Huck, Jacques Moisan, Rinat Zaynagetdinov
While A2A adenosine receptor (AR) was considered as a major contributor to adenosine-mediated immunosuppression, A2B, having the lowest affinity to adenosine, has also emerged as a potential contributor to tumor promotion. Therefore, in adenosine-rich tumor microenvironment (TME), where A2B could be complementary and/or compensatory to A2A, simultaneous targeting of A2A and A2B ARs can provide higher potential for cancer immunotherapy. We developed M1069 - a highly selective dual antagonist of the A2A and A2B AR. In assays with primary human and murine immune cells, M1069 rescued IL 2 production from T cells (A2A dependent) and inhibited VEGF production by myeloid cells (A2B dependent) in adenosine-high settings. M1069 also demonstrated superior suppression of secretion of pro tumorigenic cytokines CXCL1, CXCL5, and rescue of IL 12 secretion from adenosine differentiated dendritic cells compared to an A2A selective antagonist (A2Ai). In a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay, adenosine differentiated human and murine dendritic cells treated with M1069 demonstrated superior T cell stimulatory activity compared to dendritic cells differentiated in presence of A2Ai. In vivo, M1069 decreased tumor growth as a monotherapy and enhanced anti-tumor activity of bintrafusp alfa (BA) or cisplatin in syngeneic adenosinehi/CD73hi 4T1 breast tumor model, but not in the CD73 knockout (KO) 4T1 tumor model or in adenosinelow/CD73low MC38 murine colon carcinoma model. In summary, our dual A2A/A2B AR antagonist M1069 may counteract immune-suppressive mechanisms of high concentrations of adenosine in vitro and in vivo and enhance the anti-tumor activity of other agents, including BA and cisplatin.
虽然 A2A 腺苷受体(AR)被认为是腺苷介导的免疫抑制的主要贡献者,但与腺苷亲和力最低的 A2B 也已成为肿瘤促进的潜在贡献者。因此,在富含腺苷的肿瘤微环境(TME)中,A2B 可作为 A2A 的补充和/或补偿,同时靶向 A2A 和 A2B ARs 可为癌症免疫疗法提供更大的潜力。我们开发了一种高选择性 A2A 和 A2B AR 双拮抗剂 M1069。在使用原代人类和鼠类免疫细胞进行的试验中,M1069 可在腺苷含量较高的情况下挽救 T 细胞产生的 IL 2(依赖于 A2A),并抑制髓系细胞产生的 VEGF(依赖于 A2B)。与 A2A 选择性拮抗剂(A2Ai)相比,M1069 还能更好地抑制促肿瘤细胞因子 CXCL1 和 CXCL5 的分泌,并挽救腺苷分化树突状细胞 IL 12 的分泌。在单向混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)试验中,与在 A2Ai 存在下分化的树突状细胞相比,经 M1069 处理的腺苷分化的人和鼠树突状细胞表现出更强的 T 细胞刺激活性。在体内,M1069 作为一种单一疗法能降低肿瘤生长,并能增强腺苷酸/CD73hi 4T1 乳腺癌模型的抗肿瘤活性,但不能增强 CD73 基因敲除(KO)4T1 肿瘤模型或腺苷酸低/CD73 低 MC38 小鼠结肠癌模型的抗肿瘤活性。总之,我们的 A2A/A2B AR 双拮抗剂 M1069 可抵消体外和体内高浓度腺苷的免疫抑制机制,并增强其他药物(包括 BA 和顺铂)的抗肿瘤活性。
{"title":"Dual A2A/ A2B adenosine receptor antagonist M1069 counteracts immuno-suppressive mechanisms of adenosine and reduces tumor growth in vivo.","authors":"Kai Schiemann, Natalya Belousova, Armine Matevossian, Kalyan C Nallaparaju, Giorgio Kradjian, Meghana Pandya, Zhouxiang Chen, Esengul Aral, Eva-Maria Krauel, Elissaveta Petrova, Carsten Boesler, Thomas Kitzing, Marc Lecomte, Christian Wagner, Anne Laure Blayo, Stephan Schann, Bayard Huck, Jacques Moisan, Rinat Zaynagetdinov","doi":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While A2A adenosine receptor (AR) was considered as a major contributor to adenosine-mediated immunosuppression, A2B, having the lowest affinity to adenosine, has also emerged as a potential contributor to tumor promotion. Therefore, in adenosine-rich tumor microenvironment (TME), where A2B could be complementary and/or compensatory to A2A, simultaneous targeting of A2A and A2B ARs can provide higher potential for cancer immunotherapy. We developed M1069 - a highly selective dual antagonist of the A2A and A2B AR. In assays with primary human and murine immune cells, M1069 rescued IL 2 production from T cells (A2A dependent) and inhibited VEGF production by myeloid cells (A2B dependent) in adenosine-high settings. M1069 also demonstrated superior suppression of secretion of pro tumorigenic cytokines CXCL1, CXCL5, and rescue of IL 12 secretion from adenosine differentiated dendritic cells compared to an A2A selective antagonist (A2Ai). In a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay, adenosine differentiated human and murine dendritic cells treated with M1069 demonstrated superior T cell stimulatory activity compared to dendritic cells differentiated in presence of A2Ai. In vivo, M1069 decreased tumor growth as a monotherapy and enhanced anti-tumor activity of bintrafusp alfa (BA) or cisplatin in syngeneic adenosinehi/CD73hi 4T1 breast tumor model, but not in the CD73 knockout (KO) 4T1 tumor model or in adenosinelow/CD73low MC38 murine colon carcinoma model. In summary, our dual A2A/A2B AR antagonist M1069 may counteract immune-suppressive mechanisms of high concentrations of adenosine in vitro and in vivo and enhance the anti-tumor activity of other agents, including BA and cisplatin.</p>","PeriodicalId":18791,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0833
Thao D Pham, Anastasia E Metropulos, Nida Mubin, Jeffrey H Becker, Dhavan Shah, Christina Spaulding, Mario A Shields, David J Bentrem, Hidayatullah G Munshi
Despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chemotherapy remains the standard therapy for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As the combinations of chemotherapy, including the FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracil (5FU), irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) regimen, and ICIs have failed to demonstrate clinical benefit in patients with metastatic PDAC tumors, there is increasing interest in identifying therapeutic approaches to potentiate ICI efficacy in PDAC patients. In this study, we report that neoadjuvant FOLFRINOX-treated human PDAC tumors exhibit increased MEK/ERK activation. We also show elevated MEK/ERK signaling in ex vivo PDAC slice cultures and cell lines treated with a combination of 5FU (F), irinotecan (I), and oxaliplatin (O) (FIO). In addition, we find that the KPC-FIO cells, established from repeated treatment of mouse PDAC cell lines with 6-8 cycles of FIO, display enhanced ERK phosphorylation and demonstrate increased sensitivity to MEK inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Significantly, the KPC-FIO cells develop tumors with a pro-inflammatory immune profile similar to human PDAC tumors following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX treatment. Furthermore, we found that the MEK inhibitor Trametinib enables additional infiltration of highly functional CD8+ T cells into the KPC-FIO tumors and potentiates the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in syngeneic mouse models. Our findings provide a rationale for combining Trametinib and anti-PD-1 antibodies in PDAC patients following neoadjuvant or short-term FOLFIRINOX treatment to achieve effective anti-tumor responses.
{"title":"Trametinib potentiates anti-PD-1 efficacy in tumors established from chemotherapy-primed pancreatic cancer cells.","authors":"Thao D Pham, Anastasia E Metropulos, Nida Mubin, Jeffrey H Becker, Dhavan Shah, Christina Spaulding, Mario A Shields, David J Bentrem, Hidayatullah G Munshi","doi":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chemotherapy remains the standard therapy for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As the combinations of chemotherapy, including the FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracil (5FU), irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) regimen, and ICIs have failed to demonstrate clinical benefit in patients with metastatic PDAC tumors, there is increasing interest in identifying therapeutic approaches to potentiate ICI efficacy in PDAC patients. In this study, we report that neoadjuvant FOLFRINOX-treated human PDAC tumors exhibit increased MEK/ERK activation. We also show elevated MEK/ERK signaling in ex vivo PDAC slice cultures and cell lines treated with a combination of 5FU (F), irinotecan (I), and oxaliplatin (O) (FIO). In addition, we find that the KPC-FIO cells, established from repeated treatment of mouse PDAC cell lines with 6-8 cycles of FIO, display enhanced ERK phosphorylation and demonstrate increased sensitivity to MEK inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Significantly, the KPC-FIO cells develop tumors with a pro-inflammatory immune profile similar to human PDAC tumors following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX treatment. Furthermore, we found that the MEK inhibitor Trametinib enables additional infiltration of highly functional CD8+ T cells into the KPC-FIO tumors and potentiates the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in syngeneic mouse models. Our findings provide a rationale for combining Trametinib and anti-PD-1 antibodies in PDAC patients following neoadjuvant or short-term FOLFIRINOX treatment to achieve effective anti-tumor responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18791,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-24-0222
Xinyi Yang, Yuanyuan Liu, Peng Wang, Min Li, Tong Xiang, Songzuo Xie, Minxing Li, Yan Wang, Desheng Weng, Jingjing Zhao
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a crucial enzyme involved in the oxidation of glucose. It is regulated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. Studies have demonstrated that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1), a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, behaves like oncogenes. It is highly expressed in tumors and is associated with poor patient prognosis. However, there is limited research on how PDHK1 affects immune cell function. We have established a model of natural killer (NK) cell exhaustion to investigate the impact of dichloroacetate (DCA) on NK cell function. The production of Granzyme B, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and CD107a by NK cells was explored by flow cytometry. The real-time live cell imaging system was used to monitor the ability of NK cells against tumor cells. The Seahorse analyzer was utilized to measure the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of NK cells. The mouse model was used to investigate the potential of combining DCA with adjuvant NK cell infusion. Our study demonstrated that the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment mediated NK cellular exhaustion, high expression of PDHK1 and reduced cytokine secretion. We discovered that the PDHK1 inhibitor DCA enhances the activity and function of exhausted NK cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, in a subcutaneous HCC mouse model, DCA combined with NK cell treatment resulted in retarding cancer progression. This study indicates the potential of DCA in rescuing NK cell exhaustion and eliciting anti-tumor immunity.
丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物是参与葡萄糖氧化的一种重要酶。它受丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶和丙酮酸脱氢酶磷酸酶的调控。研究表明,丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶 1(PDHK1)是葡萄糖代谢中的一个关键酶,其行为类似于癌基因。它在肿瘤中高表达,与患者预后不良有关。然而,关于 PDHK1 如何影响免疫细胞功能的研究还很有限。我们建立了一个自然杀伤(NK)细胞衰竭模型,研究二氯乙酸(DCA)对NK细胞功能的影响。我们用流式细胞仪检测了 NK 细胞产生的 Granzyme B、IFN-γ、TNF-α 和 CD107a。实时活细胞成像系统用于监测 NK 细胞对抗肿瘤细胞的能力。海马分析仪用于测量 NK 细胞的耗氧率(OCR)和细胞外酸化率(ECAR)。我们利用小鼠模型研究了DCA与NK细胞辅助输注相结合的潜力。我们的研究表明,肝细胞癌(HCC)微环境介导了 NK 细胞衰竭、PDHK1 高表达和细胞因子分泌减少。我们发现,PDHK1 抑制剂 DCA 能增强浸润肿瘤微环境的衰竭 NK 细胞的活性和功能。此外,在皮下 HCC 小鼠模型中,DCA 与 NK 细胞联合治疗可延缓癌症进展。这项研究表明,DCA 在挽救 NK 细胞衰竭和激发抗肿瘤免疫方面具有潜力。
{"title":"Targeting PDHK1 by DCA to restore NK cell function in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Xinyi Yang, Yuanyuan Liu, Peng Wang, Min Li, Tong Xiang, Songzuo Xie, Minxing Li, Yan Wang, Desheng Weng, Jingjing Zhao","doi":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-24-0222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-24-0222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a crucial enzyme involved in the oxidation of glucose. It is regulated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. Studies have demonstrated that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1), a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, behaves like oncogenes. It is highly expressed in tumors and is associated with poor patient prognosis. However, there is limited research on how PDHK1 affects immune cell function. We have established a model of natural killer (NK) cell exhaustion to investigate the impact of dichloroacetate (DCA) on NK cell function. The production of Granzyme B, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and CD107a by NK cells was explored by flow cytometry. The real-time live cell imaging system was used to monitor the ability of NK cells against tumor cells. The Seahorse analyzer was utilized to measure the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of NK cells. The mouse model was used to investigate the potential of combining DCA with adjuvant NK cell infusion. Our study demonstrated that the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment mediated NK cellular exhaustion, high expression of PDHK1 and reduced cytokine secretion. We discovered that the PDHK1 inhibitor DCA enhances the activity and function of exhausted NK cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, in a subcutaneous HCC mouse model, DCA combined with NK cell treatment resulted in retarding cancer progression. This study indicates the potential of DCA in rescuing NK cell exhaustion and eliciting anti-tumor immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18791,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-24-0369
Jin Wu, Jianxin Wang, Thomas N O'Connor, Stephanie L Tzetzo, Katerina V Gurova, Erik S Knudsen, Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
The combination of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy has shown promise in various cancer models, particularly in those harboring RAS mutations. An initial high-throughput drug screen identified a high synergy between the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib when used in combination in soft tissue sarcomas. In RAS mutant models, combination treatment with palbociclib and trametinib induced significant G1 cell cycle arrest, resulting in a marked reduction in cell proliferation and growth. CRISPR-mediated RB1 depletion resulted in a decreased response to CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition, which was validated in both cell culture and xenograft models. Beyond its cell cycle inhibitory effects, pathway enrichment analysis revealed the robust activation of interferon pathways upon CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition. This induction of gene expression was associated with the upregulation of retroviral elements. The TBK1(TANK-binding kinase 1) inhibitor GSK8612 selectively blocked the induction of interferon-related genes induced by palbociclib and trametinib treatment, and highlighted the separable epigenetic responses elicited by combined CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition. Together, these findings provide key mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition in soft tissue sarcoma.
{"title":"Separable cell cycle arrest and immune response elicited through pharmacological CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition in RASmut disease models.","authors":"Jin Wu, Jianxin Wang, Thomas N O'Connor, Stephanie L Tzetzo, Katerina V Gurova, Erik S Knudsen, Agnieszka K Witkiewicz","doi":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-24-0369","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-24-0369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combination of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy has shown promise in various cancer models, particularly in those harboring RAS mutations. An initial high-throughput drug screen identified a high synergy between the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib when used in combination in soft tissue sarcomas. In RAS mutant models, combination treatment with palbociclib and trametinib induced significant G1 cell cycle arrest, resulting in a marked reduction in cell proliferation and growth. CRISPR-mediated RB1 depletion resulted in a decreased response to CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition, which was validated in both cell culture and xenograft models. Beyond its cell cycle inhibitory effects, pathway enrichment analysis revealed the robust activation of interferon pathways upon CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition. This induction of gene expression was associated with the upregulation of retroviral elements. The TBK1(TANK-binding kinase 1) inhibitor GSK8612 selectively blocked the induction of interferon-related genes induced by palbociclib and trametinib treatment, and highlighted the separable epigenetic responses elicited by combined CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition. Together, these findings provide key mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition in soft tissue sarcoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":18791,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}