Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) allows assessment of health, status, and phenotype of a variety of human organs and is a potential biomarker to non-invasively diagnose numerous diseases. Nevertheless, there is a lack of highly efficient and bias-free cfRNA isolation technologies due to the low abundance and instability of cfRNA. Here, we developed a reproducible and high-efficiency isolation technology for different types of cell-free nucleic acids (containing cfRNA and viral RNA) in serum/plasma based on the inclusion of nucleic acids by metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, which greatly improved the isolation efficiency and was able to preserve RNA integrity compared with the most widely used research kit method. Importantly, the quality of cfRNA extracted by the MOF method is about 10-fold that of the kit method, and the MOF method isolates more than three times as many different RNA types as the kit method. The Whole transcriptome mapping characteristics of cfRNA in serum from patients with liver cancer was described and a cfRNA signature with 6 cfRNAs was identified to diagnose liver cancer with high diagnostic efficiency (AUC = 0.905 in the independent validation cohort) using this MOF method. Thus, this new MOF isolation technique will advance the field of liquid biopsy, with the potential to diagnose liver cancer.
{"title":"Method for the extraction of circulating nucleic acids based on MOF reveals cell-free RNA signatures in liver cancer","authors":"Yuqing Sun, Haixin Yu, Shaoqing Han, Ruoxi Ran, Ying Yang, Yongling Tang, Yuhao Wang, Wenhao Zhang, Heng Tang, Boqiao Fu, Boshi Fu, Xiaocheng Weng, Song-Mei Liu, Hexiang Deng, Shuang Peng, Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae022","url":null,"abstract":"Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) allows assessment of health, status, and phenotype of a variety of human organs and is a potential biomarker to non-invasively diagnose numerous diseases. Nevertheless, there is a lack of highly efficient and bias-free cfRNA isolation technologies due to the low abundance and instability of cfRNA. Here, we developed a reproducible and high-efficiency isolation technology for different types of cell-free nucleic acids (containing cfRNA and viral RNA) in serum/plasma based on the inclusion of nucleic acids by metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, which greatly improved the isolation efficiency and was able to preserve RNA integrity compared with the most widely used research kit method. Importantly, the quality of cfRNA extracted by the MOF method is about 10-fold that of the kit method, and the MOF method isolates more than three times as many different RNA types as the kit method. The Whole transcriptome mapping characteristics of cfRNA in serum from patients with liver cancer was described and a cfRNA signature with 6 cfRNAs was identified to diagnose liver cancer with high diagnostic efficiency (AUC = 0.905 in the independent validation cohort) using this MOF method. Thus, this new MOF isolation technique will advance the field of liquid biopsy, with the potential to diagnose liver cancer.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139465042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Du, Shanwu Li, Sudheer Ganisetti, Mathieu Bauchy, Yuanzheng Yue, Morten M Smedskjaer
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) feature complex phase transitions, including polymorphism, melting, vitrification, and polyamorphism. Experimentally probing their structural evolution during transitions involving amorphous phases is a significant challenge, especially at the medium-range length scale. To overcome this challenge, here we first train a deep learning-based force field to identify the structural characteristics of both crystalline and non-crystalline ZIF phases. This allows us to reproduce the structural evolution trend during the melting of crystals and formation of ZIF glasses at various length scales with an accuracy comparable to that of ab initio molecular dynamics, yet at a much lower computational cost. Based on this, we propose a new structural descriptor, namely, the ring orientation index, to capture the propensity for crystallization of ZIF-4 (Zn(Im)2, Im = C3H3N2−) glasses, as well as for the formation of ZIF-zni (Zn(Im)2) out of the high-density amorphous phase. This crystal formation process is a result of the reorientation of imidazole rings by sacrificing the order of the structure around the zinc-centered tetrahedra. The outcomes of this work are applicable to studying phase transitions in other metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and may thus guide the design of MOF glasses.
沸石咪唑啉框架（ZIF）具有复杂的相变特征，包括多晶、熔化、玻璃化和多晶。在涉及非晶相的转变过程中，实验探测其结构演变是一项重大挑战，尤其是在中程长度尺度上。为了克服这一挑战，我们首先训练了一个基于深度学习的力场，以识别结晶和非晶 ZIF 相的结构特征。这样，我们就能在各种长度尺度上重现晶体熔化和 ZIF 玻璃形成过程中的结构演变趋势，其精确度可与原子分子动力学相媲美，但计算成本却低得多。在此基础上，我们提出了一种新的结构描述符，即环取向指数，用于捕捉 ZIF-4 (Zn(Im)2, Im = C3H3N2-) 玻璃的结晶倾向，以及从高密度无定形相中形成 ZIF-zni (Zn(Im)2) 的倾向。这一晶体形成过程是咪唑环通过牺牲锌中心四面体周围结构的有序性而重新定向的结果。这项研究成果适用于研究其他金属有机框架（MOFs）中的相变，从而为 MOF 玻璃的设计提供指导。
{"title":"Deciphering the controlling factors for phase transitions in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks","authors":"Tao Du, Shanwu Li, Sudheer Ganisetti, Mathieu Bauchy, Yuanzheng Yue, Morten M Smedskjaer","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae023","url":null,"abstract":"Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) feature complex phase transitions, including polymorphism, melting, vitrification, and polyamorphism. Experimentally probing their structural evolution during transitions involving amorphous phases is a significant challenge, especially at the medium-range length scale. To overcome this challenge, here we first train a deep learning-based force field to identify the structural characteristics of both crystalline and non-crystalline ZIF phases. This allows us to reproduce the structural evolution trend during the melting of crystals and formation of ZIF glasses at various length scales with an accuracy comparable to that of ab initio molecular dynamics, yet at a much lower computational cost. Based on this, we propose a new structural descriptor, namely, the ring orientation index, to capture the propensity for crystallization of ZIF-4 (Zn(Im)2, Im = C3H3N2−) glasses, as well as for the formation of ZIF-zni (Zn(Im)2) out of the high-density amorphous phase. This crystal formation process is a result of the reorientation of imidazole rings by sacrificing the order of the structure around the zinc-centered tetrahedra. The outcomes of this work are applicable to studying phase transitions in other metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and may thus guide the design of MOF glasses.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139464033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell nucleus is the main site for the storage and replication of genetic material, and the synthesis of substances in the nucleus is rhythmic, regular, and strictly regulated with physiological processes. However, whether exogenous substances, such as nanoparticles, can be synthesized in situ in the nucleus of live cells has not been reported. Here, we have achieved in-situ synthesis of CdSxSe1−x quantum dots (QDs) in the nucleus by regulation of the glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway. High enrichment of GSH in the nucleus can be accomplished by the addition of GSH with the help of the Bcl-2 protein. Then, high-valence Se is reduced to low-valence Se by glutathione reductase (GR)-catalyzed GSH, and interacts with Cd precursor formed through Cd and thiol-rich proteins, eventually generating QDs in the nucleus. Our work contributes to a new understanding of the syntheses of substances in cell nucleus and will pave the way to the development of advanced ‘supercells’.
{"title":"In-situ synthesis of quantum dots in the nucleus of live cells","authors":"Yusi Hu, Zhi-Gang Wang, Haohao Fu, Chuanzheng Zhou, Wensheng Cai, Xueguang Shao, Shu-Lin Liu, Dai-Wen Pang","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae021","url":null,"abstract":"Cell nucleus is the main site for the storage and replication of genetic material, and the synthesis of substances in the nucleus is rhythmic, regular, and strictly regulated with physiological processes. However, whether exogenous substances, such as nanoparticles, can be synthesized in situ in the nucleus of live cells has not been reported. Here, we have achieved in-situ synthesis of CdSxSe1−x quantum dots (QDs) in the nucleus by regulation of the glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway. High enrichment of GSH in the nucleus can be accomplished by the addition of GSH with the help of the Bcl-2 protein. Then, high-valence Se is reduced to low-valence Se by glutathione reductase (GR)-catalyzed GSH, and interacts with Cd precursor formed through Cd and thiol-rich proteins, eventually generating QDs in the nucleus. Our work contributes to a new understanding of the syntheses of substances in cell nucleus and will pave the way to the development of advanced ‘supercells’.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Deng, Caiyan Zheng, Yangsheng Li, Zeyu Zhou, Jiamin Wang, Yihua Ran, Zhenpeng Hu, Fan Yang, Landong Li
The nature of catalysis is being hotly pursued for over a century, and current research is focused on understanding active centers and their electronic structures. Herein, the concept of conductive catalysis is proposed and verified by theoretical simulations and experimental observations. Metallic systems containing buried catalytically active transitional metals and exposed catalytically inert main group metals are constructed, and the electronic interaction between them via metallic bonding is disclosed. Through the electronic interaction, the catalytic properties of subsurface transitional metals (Pd or Rh) can be transferred to outermost main group metals (Al or Mg) for several important transformations like semi-hydrogenation, Suzuki-coupling and hydroformylation. The catalytic force is conductive, in analogy with the magnetic force and electrostatic force. The traditional definition of active centers is challenged by the concept of conductive catalysis and the electronic nature of catalysis is more easily understood. It might provide new opportunities for shielding traditional active centers against poisoning or leaching and allow for precise regulation of their catalytic properties by the conductive layer.
{"title":"Conductive catalysis by subsurface transition metals","authors":"Xin Deng, Caiyan Zheng, Yangsheng Li, Zeyu Zhou, Jiamin Wang, Yihua Ran, Zhenpeng Hu, Fan Yang, Landong Li","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae015","url":null,"abstract":"The nature of catalysis is being hotly pursued for over a century, and current research is focused on understanding active centers and their electronic structures. Herein, the concept of conductive catalysis is proposed and verified by theoretical simulations and experimental observations. Metallic systems containing buried catalytically active transitional metals and exposed catalytically inert main group metals are constructed, and the electronic interaction between them via metallic bonding is disclosed. Through the electronic interaction, the catalytic properties of subsurface transitional metals (Pd or Rh) can be transferred to outermost main group metals (Al or Mg) for several important transformations like semi-hydrogenation, Suzuki-coupling and hydroformylation. The catalytic force is conductive, in analogy with the magnetic force and electrostatic force. The traditional definition of active centers is challenged by the concept of conductive catalysis and the electronic nature of catalysis is more easily understood. It might provide new opportunities for shielding traditional active centers against poisoning or leaching and allow for precise regulation of their catalytic properties by the conductive layer.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using first-principles calculations and crystal structure search methods, we found that many covalently bonded molecules such as H2, H2O, NH3, CH4, and C2H6 may react with NaCl, a prototype ionic solid, and form stable compounds under pressure while retaining their molecular structure. These molecules, despite whether they are homonuclear or heteronuclear, polar or non-polar, small or large, do not show strong chemical interactions with surrounding Na and Cl ions. In contrast, the most stable molecule among all examples, N2, is found to transform into cyclo-N5− anions while reacting with NaCl under high pressures. It provides a new route to synthesize pentazolates, which are promising green energy materials with high energy density. Our work demonstrates a unique and universal hybridization propensity of covalently bonded molecules and solid compounds under pressure. This surprising miscibility suggests possible mixing regions between the molecular and rock layers in the interiors of large planets.
{"title":"Universal insertion of molecules in ionic compounds under pressure","authors":"Feng Peng, Yanming Ma, Chris J Pickard, Hanyu Liu, Maosheng Miao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae016","url":null,"abstract":"Using first-principles calculations and crystal structure search methods, we found that many covalently bonded molecules such as H2, H2O, NH3, CH4, and C2H6 may react with NaCl, a prototype ionic solid, and form stable compounds under pressure while retaining their molecular structure. These molecules, despite whether they are homonuclear or heteronuclear, polar or non-polar, small or large, do not show strong chemical interactions with surrounding Na and Cl ions. In contrast, the most stable molecule among all examples, N2, is found to transform into cyclo-N5− anions while reacting with NaCl under high pressures. It provides a new route to synthesize pentazolates, which are promising green energy materials with high energy density. Our work demonstrates a unique and universal hybridization propensity of covalently bonded molecules and solid compounds under pressure. This surprising miscibility suggests possible mixing regions between the molecular and rock layers in the interiors of large planets.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhancing the thermoelectric (TE) transport properties of conductive polymer materials has been a long-term challenge, in spite of the success seen with molecular doping strategies [1–8]. However, the strong coupling between the thermopower and the electrical conductivity limits the thermoelectric performance. Here, we use polaron interfacial occupied entropy engineering to break through this intercoupling for a PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-poly(4-styrenesulfonate)) thin film by using photochromic diarylethene (DAE) dopants coupled with UV-light modulation. With a 10-fold enhancement of the thermopower from 13.5 μV K−1 to 135.4 μV K−1 and almost unchanged electrical conductivity, the DAE-doped PEDOT: PSS thin film achieved an extremely high power factor of 521.28 μW m−1 K−2 from an original value of 6.78 μW m−1 K−2. The thermopower was positively correlated with the UV light intensity but decreased with increasing temperature, indicating resonant coupling between the planar closed DAE molecule and PEDOT. Both the experiments and theoretical calculations consistently confirmed the formation of an interface state due to this resonant coupling Interfacial entropy engineering of polarons could play a critical role in enhancing the thermoelectric performance of the organic film.
{"title":"Polaron interfacial entropy as a route to high thermoelectric performance in DAE-doped PEDOT:PSS films","authors":"Jiajia Zhang, Caichao Ye, Genwang Wei, Liang Guo, Yuhang Cai, Zhi Li, Xin-Kun Wu, Fangyi Sun, Qikai Li, Yupeng Wang, Huan Li, Yuchen Li, Shuaihua Wang, Wei Xu, Xuefeng Guo, Wenqing Zhang, Weishu Liu","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Enhancing the thermoelectric (TE) transport properties of conductive polymer materials has been a long-term challenge, in spite of the success seen with molecular doping strategies [1–8]. However, the strong coupling between the thermopower and the electrical conductivity limits the thermoelectric performance. Here, we use polaron interfacial occupied entropy engineering to break through this intercoupling for a PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-poly(4-styrenesulfonate)) thin film by using photochromic diarylethene (DAE) dopants coupled with UV-light modulation. With a 10-fold enhancement of the thermopower from 13.5 μV K−1 to 135.4 μV K−1 and almost unchanged electrical conductivity, the DAE-doped PEDOT: PSS thin film achieved an extremely high power factor of 521.28 μW m−1 K−2 from an original value of 6.78 μW m−1 K−2. The thermopower was positively correlated with the UV light intensity but decreased with increasing temperature, indicating resonant coupling between the planar closed DAE molecule and PEDOT. Both the experiments and theoretical calculations consistently confirmed the formation of an interface state due to this resonant coupling Interfacial entropy engineering of polarons could play a critical role in enhancing the thermoelectric performance of the organic film.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"52 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Initiation of a new subduction zone could act in two different ways, forming either a hot or cold incipient subduction channel with contrasting geological records.
新俯冲带的形成可能有两种不同的方式，要么形成热俯冲通道，要么形成冷俯冲通道，其地质记录截然不同。
{"title":"Hot versus cold subduction initiation","authors":"Zhong-Hai Li","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae012","url":null,"abstract":"Initiation of a new subduction zone could act in two different ways, forming either a hot or cold incipient subduction channel with contrasting geological records.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139412244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kun Li, Jun Zhang, David M Bell, Tiantian Wang, Houssni Lamkaddam, Tianqu Cui, Lu Qi, Mihnea Surdu, Dongyu Wang, Lin Du, I. Haddad, J. Slowik, A. Prévôt
Organic vapors from biomass burning are a large source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds (VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed. Here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find that IVOCs can contribute ∼70% of the formed SOA, i.e., >2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that SOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.
生物质燃烧产生的有机蒸汽是二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的一大来源。以前的烟雾室研究发现，生物质燃烧排放的 SOA 主要是挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。虽然中间挥发性有机化合物（IVOCs）是有效的 SOA 前体，并且在生物质燃烧排放物中占相当大的比例，但它们对 SOA 形成的贡献尚未被直接观测到。在这里，通过部署一个新开发的氧化流动反应器来研究木材燃烧产生的 SOA，我们发现 IVOC 在形成的 SOA 中的贡献率可达 70%，即比 VOC 高出 2 倍以上。我们认为，之所以会出现之前所缺失的 SOA 部分，是因为烟雾室中 IVOCs 的半挥发性氧化产物的壁面损失较高。这项研究的发现揭示了生物质燃烧产生的 SOA 比以前认为的要高得多，并强调了对生物质燃烧产生的 IVOC 以及其他潜在排放源进行更多研究的迫切性。
{"title":"Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions","authors":"Kun Li, Jun Zhang, David M Bell, Tiantian Wang, Houssni Lamkaddam, Tianqu Cui, Lu Qi, Mihnea Surdu, Dongyu Wang, Lin Du, I. Haddad, J. Slowik, A. Prévôt","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Organic vapors from biomass burning are a large source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds (VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed. Here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find that IVOCs can contribute ∼70% of the formed SOA, i.e., >2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that SOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"43 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface: paving the road for AI in molecular sciences","authors":"Yi Qin Gao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"36 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, we witnessed a great success in discoveries of the high-Tc hydrides in high pressure experiments. This was achieved by creating metallic hydrogen ‘alloys’ with other elements across the periodic table. Although the original idea suggested by Neil Aschcroft [1] was to use alloying to reduce the pressure required for producing pure metallic hydrogen, the pressures required to stabilize these hydrides are still so high that in-situ measurements of the complete expulsion of the magnetic field (the Meissner state), a defining character of superconductivity, is difficult to obtain. Such deficit of the Meissner effect studies has provoked multiple critiques on claims of superconductivity in these new hydride materials, and stimulated new technical developments to meet these challenges. In this perspective article, we will provide a short summary of the results obtained with four alternative techniques which were used to probe the magnetic field expulsion and the Meissner state in a diamond-avnvil cell (DAC), which is the only high-pressure vessel capable of studying the high Tc superconducting hydrides at very high pressures.
近年来，我们在高压实验中成功发现了高锝氢化物。这是通过与元素周期表中的其他元素制造金属氢 "合金 "实现的。虽然 Neil Aschcroft [1] 最初提出的想法是利用合金来降低生产纯金属氢所需的压力，但稳定这些氢化物所需的压力仍然很高，以至于很难在原位测量到磁场的完全释放（迈斯纳状态），而这正是超导性的一个决定性特征。迈斯纳效应研究的这种不足引发了对这些新型氢化物材料超导性说法的多种批评，并刺激了新的技术发展以应对这些挑战。在这篇视角文章中，我们将简要总结利用四种替代技术探测磁场驱逐和金刚石砧室（DAC）中的迈斯纳状态所取得的结果，DAC 是唯一能够在极高压下研究高 Tc 超导氢化物的高压容器。
{"title":"Magnetic Methods in Studies of New Superconducting Hydrides in a Diamond Anvil Cell","authors":"V. Struzhkin, Ho-kwang Mao","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, we witnessed a great success in discoveries of the high-Tc hydrides in high pressure experiments. This was achieved by creating metallic hydrogen ‘alloys’ with other elements across the periodic table. Although the original idea suggested by Neil Aschcroft [1] was to use alloying to reduce the pressure required for producing pure metallic hydrogen, the pressures required to stabilize these hydrides are still so high that in-situ measurements of the complete expulsion of the magnetic field (the Meissner state), a defining character of superconductivity, is difficult to obtain. Such deficit of the Meissner effect studies has provoked multiple critiques on claims of superconductivity in these new hydride materials, and stimulated new technical developments to meet these challenges. In this perspective article, we will provide a short summary of the results obtained with four alternative techniques which were used to probe the magnetic field expulsion and the Meissner state in a diamond-avnvil cell (DAC), which is the only high-pressure vessel capable of studying the high Tc superconducting hydrides at very high pressures.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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