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Regulation and function of a polarly localized lignin barrier in the exodermis 外表皮极性定位木质素屏障的调控与功能
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01864-z
Concepcion Manzano, Kevin W. Morimoto, Lidor Shaar-Moshe, G. Alex Mason, Alex Cantó-Pastor, Mona Gouran, Damien De Bellis, Robertas Ursache, Kaisa Kajala, Neelima Sinha, Julia Bailey-Serres, Niko Geldner, J. Carlos del Pozo, Siobhan M. Brady
Multicellular organisms control environmental interactions through specialized barriers in specific cell types. A conserved barrier in plant roots is the endodermal Casparian strip (CS), a ring-like structure made of polymerized lignin that seals the endodermal apoplastic space. Most angiosperms have another root cell type, the exodermis, that is reported to form a barrier. Our understanding of exodermal developmental and molecular regulation and function is limited as this cell type is absent from Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the exodermis does not form a CS. Instead, it forms a polar lignin cap (PLC) with equivalent barrier function to the endodermal CS but distinct genetic control. Repression of the exodermal PLC in inner cortical layers is conferred by the SlSCZ and SlEXO1 transcription factors, and these two factors genetically interact to control its polar deposition. Several target genes that act downstream of SlSCZ and SlEXO1 in the exodermis are identified. Although the exodermis and endodermis produce barriers that restrict mineral ion uptake, the exodermal PLC is unable to fully compensate for the lack of a CS. The presence of distinct lignin structures acting as apoplastic barriers has exciting implications for a root’s response to abiotic and biotic stimuli. In tomato roots, the exodermis forms a genetically distinct polar lignin cap (PLC) barrier from the Casparian strip. SlSCZ and SlEXO1 repress PLC deposition in inner layers. The PLC cannot fully compensate for the CS as a mineral ion barrier.
多细胞生物通过特定细胞类型的特殊屏障来控制环境相互作用。植物根中的一个保守屏障是内胚层卡斯帕里斯带(CS),这是一种由聚合木质素组成的环状结构,可封闭内胚层外胞体空间。大多数被子植物有另一种根细胞类型——外表皮,据报道,外表皮可以形成屏障。由于拟南芥中不存在这种细胞类型,我们对外表皮发育和分子调控功能的了解有限。我们证明在番茄(Solanum lycopersicum),外表皮不形成CS。相反,它形成一个极性木质素帽(PLC),具有与内胚层CS相当的屏障功能,但遗传控制不同。外皮层内皮层PLC的抑制是由SlSCZ和SlEXO1转录因子赋予的,这两个因子在遗传上相互作用以控制其极性沉积。外表皮中几个作用于SlSCZ和SlEXO1下游的靶基因被鉴定出来。尽管外表皮和内皮层产生屏障来限制矿物质离子的摄取,但外表皮PLC不能完全补偿CS的缺乏。不同木质素结构的存在作为胞外屏障,对根对非生物和生物刺激的反应具有令人兴奋的意义。
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引用次数: 0
The vision for adapted crops and soils: how to prioritize investments to achieve sustainable nutrition for all 适应作物和土壤的愿景:如何优先投资以实现人人享有可持续营养
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01867-w
Jeffrey E. Herrick, Cary Fowler, Lindiwe Majele Sibanda, Rattan Lal, Anna M. Nelson
The Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils (VACS) is a global movement, launched in 2023, to improve human nutrition in the face of a changing climate and degraded lands. VACS emphasizes an integrated approach to investments in crops and soils, concentrating on the potential of traditional and indigenous ‘opportunity crops’. VACS also addresses priorities, including climate change and drought, biodiversity, soil fertility, gender equality and women’s empowerment, water, sanitation and health.
适应性作物和土壤愿景(VACS)是一项全球运动,于2023年启动,旨在面对气候变化和土地退化,改善人类营养。VACS强调对作物和土壤进行综合投资,重点关注传统和本土“机会作物”的潜力。VACS还处理优先事项,包括气候变化和干旱、生物多样性、土壤肥力、性别平等和增强妇女权能、水、卫生和健康。
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引用次数: 0
Stomatal opening under high temperatures is controlled by the OST1-regulated TOT3–AHA1 module 高温条件下气孔开度由ost1调控的TOT3-AHA1模块控制
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01859-w
Xiangyu Xu, Hongyan Liu, Myrthe Praat, Gaston A. Pizzio, Zhang Jiang, Steven Michiel Driever, Ren Wang, Brigitte Van De Cotte, Selwyn L. Y. Villers, Kris Gevaert, Nathalie Leonhardt, Hilde Nelissen, Toshinori Kinoshita, Steffen Vanneste, Pedro L. Rodriguez, Martijn van Zanten, Lam Dai Vu, Ive De Smet
Plants continuously respond to changing environmental conditions to prevent damage and maintain optimal performance. To regulate gas exchange with the environment and to control abiotic stress relief, plants have pores in their leaf epidermis, called stomata. Multiple environmental signals affect the opening and closing of these stomata. High temperatures promote stomatal opening (to cool down), and drought induces stomatal closing (to prevent water loss). Coinciding stress conditions may evoke conflicting stomatal responses, but the cellular mechanisms to resolve these conflicts are unknown. Here we demonstrate that the high-temperature-associated kinase TARGET OF TEMPERATURE 3 directly controls the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPases to induce stomatal opening. OPEN STOMATA 1, which regulates stomatal closure to prevent water loss during drought stress, directly inactivates TARGET OF TEMPERATURE 3 through phosphorylation. Taken together, this signalling axis harmonizes stomatal opening and closing under high temperatures and/or drought. In the context of global climate change, understanding how different stress signals converge on stomatal regulation allows the development of climate-change-ready crops. Stomata regulate gas exchange and help plants cope with abiotic stress. The authors identify a signalling pathway that coordinates the balance between stomatal opening and closing under high-temperature and/or drought conditions.
植物不断响应不断变化的环境条件,以防止损害并保持最佳性能。为了调节与环境的气体交换和控制非生物压力的释放,植物的叶表皮上有气孔,称为气孔。多种环境信号影响着这些气孔的开启和关闭。高温促进气孔打开(降温),干旱导致气孔关闭(防止水分流失)。一致的应激条件可能会引起相互冲突的气孔反应,但解决这些冲突的细胞机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们证明了高温相关激酶TARGET OF TEMPERATURE 3直接控制质膜H+- atp酶的活性来诱导气孔打开。OPEN STOMATA 1在干旱胁迫下调节气孔关闭以防止水分流失,通过磷酸化直接使TARGET OF TEMPERATURE 3失活。综上所述,这条信号轴在高温和/或干旱条件下协调气孔的开启和关闭。在全球气候变化的背景下,了解不同的胁迫信号如何汇聚到气孔调节中,可以培育出适应气候变化的作物。
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引用次数: 0
Walking with giants 与巨人同行
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01875-w
Catherine Walker
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引用次数: 0
New weapons explosive exhibits persistent toxicity in plants 新型武器炸药在植物中表现出持久的毒性。
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01863-0
Nicola C. Oates, Edward R. Nay, Timothy J. Cary, Elizabeth L. Rylott, Neil C. Bruce
Explosives are widespread, toxic and persistent environmental pollutants. 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is being phased in to replace 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in munitions. Here we demonstrate that only low levels of DNAN are detoxified in Arabidopsis, leaving it to remain as a substrate for monodehydroascorbate reductase 6 mediated chronic phytotoxicity. Enhancing the potential for environmental toxicity, DNAN is readily transported to the aerial tissues exposing this toxin to herbivores and the wider food chain. This study reports the mechanism of phytotoxicity by the explosive 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) that is being phased in to replace TNT in munitions. Only low levels of DNAN are detoxified by plants, causing chronic toxicity and potential exposure to herbivores.
爆炸物是广泛存在的、有毒的、持久性的环境污染物。2,4-二硝基甲苯(DNAN)正在逐步取代弹药中的2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)。在这里,我们证明只有低水平的DNAN在拟南芥中被解毒,使其仍然作为单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶6介导的慢性植物毒性的底物。增强环境毒性的可能性,DNAN很容易被运输到空中组织,使这种毒素暴露于食草动物和更广泛的食物链。
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引用次数: 0
Author Correction: Mechanistic study of SCOOPs recognition by MIK2-BAK1 complex reveals the role of N-glycans in plant ligand-receptor-coreceptor complex formation 作者更正:MIK2-BAK1复合物对SCOOPs识别的机制研究揭示了n -聚糖在植物配体-受体-辅助受体复合物形成中的作用。
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01879-6
Huimin Wu, Lihao Wan, Zunyong Liu, Yunqing Jian, Chenchen Zhang, Xiakun Mao, Zhiyun Wang, Qiang Wang, Yaxin Hu, Lizhong Xiong, Zhujun Xia, Juan Xue, Shan Li, Ping He, Libo Shan, Shutong Xu
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引用次数: 0
CRY in the dark 在黑暗中哭泣。
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01877-8
Raphael Trösch
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引用次数: 0
Post-genomic illumination of paclitaxel biosynthesis 紫杉醇生物合成的后基因组学启示
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01869-8
Alisdair R. Fernie, Fang Liu, Youjun Zhang
Paclitaxel rapidly became one of the most effective anticancer drugs. However, the production of paclitaxel is hindered by substantial challenges, particularly considering the significant quantities of drug required and the inherently low concentration of paclitaxel and its intermediates in plants. Paclitaxel is currently produced in a so-called semi-synthesis in which baccatin III is extracted from Taxus species and chemically converted to paclitaxel. Despite the fact that many of the intermediates of paclitaxel biosynthesis are yet to be experimentally determined, a set of recent papers—facilitated by the sequencing and assembly of three Taxus genomes—has uncovered the minimal gene sets for both baccatin III and paclitaxel biosynthesis. Here we summarize the key milestones towards our understanding of paclitaxel biosynthesis and highlight recent advancements made possible by genome-level analysis of potential key genes involved. We argue that these studies will ultimately pave the way towards the elucidation of the entire paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway and facilitate the industrial production of paclitaxel via synthetic biology approaches. However, several major challenges lie ahead before we can fully tap into the amazing curative potential that taxanes provide. The production of the anticancer drug paclitaxel depends on the extraction of the intermediate baccatin III from Taxus species. This Review highlights recent progress in genome-level analysis of paclitaxel and baccatin III biosynthesis based on sequenced Taxus genomes to guide the future discovery of biosynthesis genes.
紫杉醇迅速成为最有效的抗癌药物之一。然而,紫杉醇的生产面临着巨大的挑战,特别是考虑到所需的大量药物以及紫杉醇及其中间体在植物中固有的低浓度。目前,紫杉醇是通过所谓的半合成法生产的,即从紫杉树种中提取巴卡丁 III,然后通过化学反应转化为紫杉醇。尽管紫杉醇生物合成的许多中间体尚未通过实验确定,但最近的一系列论文--通过对三个紫杉属植物基因组的测序和组装--发现了巴卡丁 III 和紫杉醇生物合成的最小基因组。在此,我们总结了我们了解紫杉醇生物合成的重要里程碑,并重点介绍了通过对潜在的关键基因进行基因组水平分析而取得的最新进展。我们认为,这些研究最终将为阐明整个紫杉醇生物合成途径铺平道路,并促进通过合成生物学方法实现紫杉醇的工业化生产。然而,在我们充分挖掘紫杉醇类药物惊人的治疗潜力之前,还有几大挑战摆在我们面前。
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引用次数: 0
ZmICE1a regulates the defence–storage trade-off in maize endosperm ZmICE1a调节玉米胚乳中防御与储存的权衡
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01845-2
Qun Wang, Fan Feng, Kechun Zhang, Yonghui He, Weiwei Qi, Zeyang Ma, Rentao Song
The endosperm of cereal grains feeds the entire world as a major food supply; however, little is known about its defence response during endosperm development. The Inducer of CBF Expression 1 (ICE1) is a well-known regulator of cold tolerance in plants. ICE1 has a monocot-specific homologue that is preferentially expressed in cereal endosperms but with an unclear regulatory function. Here we characterized the function of monocot-specific ZmICE1a, which is expressed in the entire endosperm, with a predominant expression in its peripheral regions, including the aleurone layer, subaleurone layer and basal endosperm transfer layer in maize (Zea mays). Loss of function of ZmICE1a reduced starch content and kernel weight. RNA sequencing and CUT&Tag-seq analyses revealed that ZmICE1a positively regulates genes in starch synthesis while negatively regulating genes in aleurone layer-specific defence and the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid and jasmonic acid (JA). Exogenous indole-3-acetic acid and JA both induce the expression of numerous defence genes, which show distinct spatial-specific expression in the basal endosperm transfer layer and subaleurone layer, respectively. Moreover, we dissected a JA–ZmJAZ9–ZmICE1a–MPI signalling axis involved in JA-mediated defence regulation. Overall, our study revealed ZmICE1a as a key regulator of endosperm defence response and a coordinator of the defence–storage trade-off in endosperm development. A cereal-specific transcription factor, ZmICE1a, positively regulates storage in the central part of the endosperm while negatively regulating defence in its peripheral region, revealing the molecular mechanism underlying the antagonism between resistance and yield, which is crucial for cereal crop improvement.
谷物的胚乳是全世界的主要粮食供应来源;然而,人们对其胚乳发育过程中的防御反应却知之甚少。CBF 表达诱导因子 1(ICE1)是众所周知的植物耐寒调节因子。ICE1 有一个单子叶植物特异性同源物,该同源物在谷物胚乳中优先表达,但其调控功能尚不清楚。在这里,我们对单子叶植物特异性 ZmICE1a 的功能进行了表征。ZmICE1a 在玉米(Zea mays)的整个胚乳中都有表达,主要表达在其外围区域,包括胚乳层、亚胚乳层和基部胚乳转移层。ZmICE1a 功能缺失会降低淀粉含量和籽粒重量。RNA测序和CUT&Tag-seq分析表明,ZmICE1a正向调控淀粉合成基因,负向调控胚乳层特异性防御基因以及吲哚-3-乙酸和茉莉酸(JA)合成基因。外源吲哚-3-乙酸和茉莉酸都会诱导大量防御基因的表达,这些基因分别在基部胚乳转移层和亚胚乳层表现出不同的空间特异性表达。此外,我们还剖析了参与 JA 介导的防御调控的 JA-ZmJAZ9-ZmICE1a-MPI 信号轴。总之,我们的研究揭示了 ZmICE1a 是胚乳防御反应的关键调节因子,也是胚乳发育过程中防御-储存权衡的协调者。
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引用次数: 0
Agile nutrient network evolution 灵活的营养网络演变
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01852-3
Jaccoline M. S. Zegers, Jan de Vries
Plant adaptation to life on land included gaining the ability to obtain nutrients from barren terrestrial substrates. New work pinpoints a small, conserved genetic core with extensive rewiring of nutrient-response networks between the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and a distant streptophyte algal relative, Klebsormidium nitens.
植物对陆地生活的适应包括获得从贫瘠的陆地基质中获取养分的能力。新的研究成果指出,在肝草(Marchantia polymorpha)和远亲链藻(Klebsormidium nitens)之间,有一个小的、保守的基因核心,其养分反应网络有广泛的重新布线。
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引用次数: 0
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Nature Plants
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