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N-glycosylation facilitates the activation of a plant cell-surface receptor N-糖基化促进植物细胞表面受体的激活
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01841-6
Fangshuai Jia, Yu Xiao, Yaojie Feng, Jinghui Yan, Mingzhu Fan, Yue Sun, Shijia Huang, Weiguo Li, Tian Zhao, Zhifu Han, Shuguo Hou, Jijie Chai
Plant receptor kinases (RKs) are critical for transmembrane signalling involved in various biological processes including plant immunity. MALE DISCOVERER1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) is a unique RK that recognizes a family of immunomodulatory peptides called SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDEs (SCOOPs) and activates pattern-triggered immunity responses. However, the precise mechanisms underlying SCOOP recognition and activation of MIK2 remain poorly understood. Here we present the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of a ternary complex consisting of the extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) of MIK2 (MIK2LRR), SCOOP12 and the extracellular LRR of the co-receptor BAK1 (BAK1LRR) at a resolution of 3.34 Å. The structure reveals that a DNHH motif in MIK2LRR plays a critical role in specifically recognizing the highly conserved SxS motif of SCOOP12. Furthermore, the structure demonstrates that N-glycans at MIK2LRRAsn410 directly interact with the N-terminal capping region of BAK1LRR. Mutation of the glycosylation site, MIK2LRRN410D, completely abolishes the SCOOP12-independent interaction between MIK2LRR and BAK1LRR and substantially impairs the assembly of the MIK2LRR–SCOOP12–BAK1LRR complex. Supporting the biological relevance of N410-glycosylation, MIK2N410D substantially compromises SCOOP12-triggered immune responses in plants. Collectively, these findings elucidate the mechanism underlying the loose specificity of SCOOP recognition by MIK2 and reveal an unprecedented mechanism by which N-glycosylation modification of LRR-RK promotes receptor activation. This study demonstrates a crucial role of N-glycosylation in activating a receptor-like kinase by promoting its interaction with co-receptors.
植物受体激酶(RKs)是跨膜信号传导的关键,涉及包括植物免疫在内的各种生物过程。雄性发现者1-互作受体样激酶2(MIK2)是一种独特的RK,它能识别称为ERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDEs(SCOOPs)的免疫调节肽家族,并激活模式触发的免疫反应。然而,人们对 SCOOP 识别和 MIK2 激活的确切机制仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们以 3.34 Å 的分辨率展示了由 MIK2 的胞外富含亮氨酸的重复序列 (LRR)、SCOOP12 和共受体 BAK1 的胞外 LRR (BAK1LRR) 组成的三元复合物的低温电子显微镜结构。该结构揭示了 MIK2LRR 中的 DNHH 基序在特异性识别 SCOOP12 高度保守的 SxS 基序方面起着关键作用。此外,该结构还表明 MIK2LRRAsn410 上的 N-聚糖直接与 BAK1LRR 的 N 端封顶区相互作用。糖基化位点 MIK2LRRN410D 的突变完全取消了 MIK2LRR 和 BAK1LRR 之间不依赖于 SCOOP12 的相互作用,并大大影响了 MIK2LRR-SCOOP12-BAK1LRR 复合物的组装。支持 N410-糖基化生物学相关性的是,MIK2N410D 会大大损害植物中 SCOOP12 触发的免疫反应。总之,这些发现阐明了 MIK2 识别 SCOOP 的松散特异性机制,并揭示了 LRR-RK 的 N-糖基化修饰促进受体活化的一种前所未有的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Defaunation threatens plant diversity 荒漠化威胁植物多样性
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01862-1
Catherine Walker
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引用次数: 0
A microRNA switch for nitrogen deficiency 氮缺乏症的微RNA开关
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01861-2
Raphael Trösch
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引用次数: 0
Cryo-EM structure and molecular mechanism of the jasmonic acid transporter ABCG16 茉莉酸转运体 ABCG16 的冷冻电镜结构和分子机制
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01839-0
Ning An, Xiaowei Huang, Zhao Yang, Minhua Zhang, Miaolian Ma, Fang Yu, Lianyan Jing, Boya Du, Yong-Fei Wang, Xue Zhang, Peng Zhang
Jasmonates (JAs) are a class of oxylipin phytohormones including jasmonic acid (JA) and derivatives that regulate plant growth, development and biotic and abiotic stress. A number of transporters have been identified to be responsible for the cellular and subcellular translocation of JAs. However, the mechanistic understanding of how these transporters specifically recognize and transport JAs is scarce. Here we determined the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of JA exporter AtABCG16 in inward-facing apo, JA-bound and occluded conformations, and outward-facing post translocation conformation. AtABCG16 structure forms a homodimer, and each monomer contains a nucleotide-binding domain, a transmembrane domain and an extracellular domain. Structural analyses together with biochemical and plant physiological experiments revealed the molecular mechanism by which AtABCG16 specifically recognizes and transports JA. Structural analyses also revealed that AtABCG16 features a unique bifurcated substrate translocation pathway, which is composed of two independent substrate entrances, two substrate-binding pockets and a shared apoplastic cavity. In addition, residue Phe608 from each monomer is disclosed to function as a gate along the translocation pathway controlling the accessing of substrate JA from the cytoplasm or apoplast. Based on the structural and biochemical analyses, a working model of AtABCG16-mediated JA transport is proposed, which diversifies the molecular mechanisms of ABC transporters. The authors report the cryo-EM structure of JA transporter ABCG16 in multiple conformations. It features a bifurcated translocation pathway, revealing the specific JA binding and transport mechanism that diversifies ABC transporters in higher plants.
茉莉酸(JA)是一类氧化脂素植物激素,包括茉莉酸(JA)及其衍生物,可调节植物的生长、发育以及生物和非生物胁迫。目前已发现一些转运体负责 JA 的细胞和亚细胞转运。然而,人们对这些转运体如何特异性识别和转运 JA 的机理了解甚少。在这里,我们测定了JA转运体AtABCG16的低温电子显微镜结构,包括向内的apo构象、与JA结合的构象和闭锁构象,以及向外的转运后构象。AtABCG16 结构形成一个同源二聚体,每个单体包含一个核苷酸结合结构域、一个跨膜结构域和一个胞外结构域。结构分析以及生化和植物生理实验揭示了 AtABCG16 特异性识别和转运 JA 的分子机制。结构分析还揭示了 AtABCG16 独特的分叉底物转运途径,它由两个独立的底物入口、两个底物结合口袋和一个共享的凋亡腔组成。此外,每个单体的残基 Phe608 被披露为转运途径上的一个门,控制着底物 JA 从细胞质或细胞凋亡体的进入。基于结构和生化分析,提出了 AtABCG16 介导 JA 转运的工作模型,该模型使 ABC 转运体的分子机制多样化。
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引用次数: 0
A peptide-receptor module links cell wall integrity sensing to pattern-triggered immunity 肽受体模块将细胞壁完整性感知与模式触发免疫联系起来
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01840-7
Keran Zhai, Jack Rhodes, Cyril Zipfel
Plants employ cell-surface receptors to perceive non- or altered-self, including the integrity of their cell wall. Here we identify a specific ligand–receptor module responsive to cell wall damage that potentiates immunity in Arabidopsis. Disruption of cell wall integrity by inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis promotes pattern-triggered immunity transcriptionally in a manner dependent on the receptor kinase MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2). Notably, while MIK2 can perceive peptides of the large SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE family, a single member of this family, SCOOP18, is transcriptionally induced upon cell wall damage and is required for subsequent responses such as lignification and immunity potentiation. Collectively, our results identify the SCOOP18–MIK2 ligand–receptor module as an important central hub, connecting plant cell wall integrity sensing with immunity. The authors identified a specific Arabidopsis ligand–receptor module as a central hub connecting cell wall integrity sensing with pattern-triggered immunity through transcriptional reprogramming.
植物利用细胞表面受体来感知非我或改变的自我,包括细胞壁的完整性。在这里,我们发现了一个对细胞壁损伤有反应的特定配体-受体模块,它能增强拟南芥的免疫力。通过抑制纤维素的生物合成来破坏细胞壁的完整性,以一种依赖于受体激酶 MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2(MIK2)的方式促进模式触发的免疫转录。值得注意的是,虽然 MIK2 能感知大型丝氨酸富肽链肽家族的肽,但该家族的一个成员 SCOOP18 在细胞壁受损时会被转录诱导,并且是木质化和免疫增强等后续反应所必需的。总之,我们的研究结果表明,SCOOP18-MIK2 配体-受体模块是连接植物细胞壁完整性感知与免疫的重要中心枢纽。
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引用次数: 0
Antagonistic CLE peptide pathways shape root meristem tissue patterning 拮抗 CLE 肽途径塑造根分生组织模式
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01838-1
Hang Zhang, Qian Wang, Noel Blanco-Touriñán, Christian S. Hardtke
Secreted CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptide ligands dimension the stem cell niche of Arabidopsis shoot meristems by signalling through redundant and cross-compensating CLAVATA1 (CLV1)-type receptor kinases. In the root meristem, the CLV1 homologues BARELY ANY MERISTEM 1 (BAM1) and BAM2 drive CLE13/16-mediated formative divisions that produce the ground tissue layers. Here we report that BAM1/2 are also required to initiate the vascular phloem lineage and that cross-compensation between CLV1-type receptors as observed in the shoot does not operate similarly in the root. Rather, we find that BAM3-mediated CLE45 signalling antagonizes BAM1/2-mediated CLE11/12/13 signalling in the phloem initials but not in the ground tissue. We further observe spatiotemporally contrasting CLE signalling requirements for phloem initiation and differentiation, which are shaped by the SHORT ROOT (SHR) pathway. Our findings thus suggest an intricate quantitative interplay between distinct and antagonistic CLE signalling pathways that organizes tissue layer formation in the Arabidopsis root meristem. The activity of distinct and antagonistic CLE peptide pathways intersects to produce and specify different tissue layers in the Arabidopsis root tip. Their quantitative modulation is required to guide phloem initiation and differentiation.
分泌的 CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION(CLE)肽配体通过冗余和交叉补偿的 CLAVATA1(CLV1)型受体激酶发出信号,对拟南芥芽分生组织的干细胞龛进行维度调节。在根分生组织中,CLV1 的同源物 BARELY ANY MERISTEM 1(BAM1)和 BAM2 驱动 CLE13/16 介导的形成分裂,产生地面组织层。在这里,我们报告了 BAM1/2 也是启动维管韧皮部的必要条件,而且在芽中观察到的 CLV1 型受体之间的交叉补偿在根中并没有类似的作用。相反,我们发现 BAM3 介导的 CLE45 信号能拮抗 BAM1/2 介导的 CLE11/12/13 信号,但在韧皮部初始组织中却不能。我们进一步观察到,韧皮部的萌发和分化对 CLE 信号的要求在时空上形成鲜明对比,而这些要求是由短根(SHR)途径形成的。因此,我们的研究结果表明,在拟南芥根分生组织中,不同的、相互拮抗的 CLE 信号通路之间存在着错综复杂的定量相互作用,从而组织了组织层的形成。
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引用次数: 0
Total biosynthesis of the medicinal triterpenoid saponin astragalosides 药用三萜皂甙黄芪皂甙的总生物合成
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01827-4
Bingyan Xu, Jian-Ping Huang, Guoqing Peng, Wenying Cao, Zhong Liu, Yin Chen, Jingchun Yao, Yong-Jiang Wang, Jie Li, Guimin Zhang, Shilin Chen, Sheng-Xiong Huang
Astragalus membranaceus has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years. Its major active triterpenoid saponins, astragalosides, have attracted great attention due to their multiple health benefits and applications in medicine. Despite this, the biosynthetic machinery for astragalosides remains enigmatic. Here a chromosome-level genome assembly of A. membranaceus was generated. The identification of two tailoring enzymes required for astragaloside biosynthesis enabled the discovery of a triterpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster, leading to elucidation of the complete astragaloside biosynthetic pathway. This pathway is characterized by a sequence of selective hydroxylation, epoxidation and glycosylation reactions, which are mediated by three cytochrome P450s, one 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and two glycosyltransferases. Reconstitution of this biosynthetic machinery in Nicotiana benthamiana allowed for heterologous production of astragaloside IV. These findings build a solid foundation for addressing the sourcing issues associated with astragalosides and broaden our understanding of the diversity of terpene biosynthetic gene clusters. Astragaloside IV, the key active compound in Radix Astragali, a medicinal plant used for immunomodulation in Asia and Europe, now has a fully elucidated biosynthetic pathway, enabling its efficient production through synthetic biology.
黄芪被用于传统中药已有 2000 多年的历史。其主要活性三萜类皂甙--黄芪皂甙因具有多种保健功效和医学应用而备受关注。尽管如此,黄芪皂苷的生物合成机制仍然是个谜。在这里,我们生成了膜荚果的染色体级基因组。通过鉴定黄芪皂苷生物合成所需的两种定制酶,发现了三萜类生物合成基因簇,从而阐明了完整的黄芪皂苷生物合成途径。该途径的特点是一系列选择性羟化、环氧化和糖基化反应,这些反应由三个细胞色素 P450、一个依赖于 2-氧代戊二酸的二氧化酶和两个糖基转移酶介导。在烟曲霉中重建这种生物合成机制可以异源生产黄芪皂苷 IV。这些发现为解决与黄芪苷相关的来源问题奠定了坚实的基础,并拓宽了我们对萜烯生物合成基因簇多样性的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Promoting new crop cultivars in low-income countries requires a transdisciplinary approach 在低收入国家推广作物新品种需要跨学科方法
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01831-8
Jana Kholová, Milan O. Urban, Miroslava Bavorová, Salvatore Ceccarelli, Lutomia Cosmas, Sabine Desczka, Stefania Grando, Robert Lensink, Eileen Nchanji, Jan Pavlík, Diana Pelaez, Jean-Claude Rubyogo, Louise Sperling, Graham Thiele, Ayat Ullah, Marijn Voorhaar, Erwin Bulte
The development of high-yielding, resilient cultivars is the primary goal of many crop breeding programmes, but the uptake of these new cultivars is persistently low in low-income countries. We discuss constraints related to the adoption of crop cultivars and stress the importance of participatory approaches in building trust and promoting the adoption of new technologies.
开发高产、抗逆性强的栽培品种是许多作物育种计划的首要目标,但在低收入国家,这些新栽培品种的采用率一直很低。我们讨论了与采用农作物栽培品种有关的制约因素,并强调了参与式方法在建立信任和促进采用新技术方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Non-canonical functions 非正则函数
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01834-5
With an increasing ability to understand the complexity of living systems, it becomes more and more evident that well-defined canonical functions of proteins and complexes are intertwined.
随着人们对生命系统复杂性的理解能力不断提高,越来越明显的是,蛋白质和复合体的明确典型功能是相互交织在一起的。
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引用次数: 0
Unravelling the complex origin and breeding history of modern roses 揭开现代玫瑰复杂的起源和育种历史的面纱
IF 15.8 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01826-5
The haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level genome assembly of tetraploid modern rose (Rosa hybrida), along with resequenced genomes of 233 diverse Rosa accessions, enabled the discovery of genetic contributions to the modern rose genome from its ancestral species. These insights into the origin and breeding history of roses open up new avenues for future breeding efforts.
四倍体现代玫瑰(蔷薇杂交种)染色体组水平的单倍型解析基因组组装,以及对 233 个不同蔷薇品种基因组的重新测序,使我们得以发现现代玫瑰基因组中来自其祖先物种的遗传贡献。这些关于玫瑰起源和育种历史的见解为未来的育种工作开辟了新途径。
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引用次数: 0
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Nature Plants
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