Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01844-3
Katarzyna Dziasek, Juan Santos-González, Kai Wang, Yichun Qiu, Jiali Zhu, Diana Rigola, Koen Nijbroek, Claudia Köhler
Hybrid seed failure arising from wide crosses between plant species is a recurring obstacle in plant breeding, impeding the transfer of desirable traits. This postzygotic reproductive barrier primarily occurs in the endosperm, a tissue that nourishes the embryo and functions similarly to the placenta in mammals. We found that incompatible seeds show a loss of DNA methylation and chromatin condensation in the endosperm, similar to seeds lacking maternal RNA polymerase IV activity. This similarity is linked to a decrease in small interfering RNAs in the endosperm (sirenRNAs), maternal RNA polymerase IV-dependent short interfering RNAs that regulate DNA methylation. Several AGAMOUS-like MADS-box transcription factor genes (AGLs), key regulators of endosperm development, are targeted by sirenRNAs in cis and in trans. This finding aligns with the enrichment of AGL target genes among deregulated genes. We propose that hybrid seed failure results from reduced maternal sirenRNAs combined with increased AGL expression, leading to abnormal gene regulation in the endosperm. Hybrid seed failure in plant breeding arises from disrupted endosperm development. Reduced maternal sirenRNAs and increased expression of AGL transcription factors cause abnormal gene regulation in the endosperm, preventing successful wide species crosses.
植物物种间的广泛杂交导致的杂交种子失败是植物育种中经常出现的障碍，阻碍了理想性状的传递。这种杂交后的生殖障碍主要发生在胚乳中，胚乳是滋养胚胎的组织，其功能类似于哺乳动物的胎盘。我们发现，不相容种子的胚乳中出现了 DNA 甲基化和染色质凝集的损失，这与缺乏母体 RNA 聚合酶 IV 活性的种子类似。这种相似性与胚乳中小干扰 RNA（sirenRNAs）的减少有关，后者是依赖于母体 RNA 聚合酶 IV 的短干扰 RNA，可调节 DNA 甲基化。一些类似 AGAMOUS 的 MADS-box 转录因子基因（AGLs）是胚乳发育的关键调控因子，它们在顺式和反式中都是 sirenRNAs 的靶标。这一发现与 AGL 靶基因在失调基因中的富集一致。我们认为，杂交种子失效的原因是母本 sirenRNAs 减少，加上 AGL 表达增加，导致胚乳中的基因调控异常。
{"title":"Dosage-sensitive maternal siRNAs determine hybridization success in Capsella","authors":"Katarzyna Dziasek, Juan Santos-González, Kai Wang, Yichun Qiu, Jiali Zhu, Diana Rigola, Koen Nijbroek, Claudia Köhler","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01844-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01844-3","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid seed failure arising from wide crosses between plant species is a recurring obstacle in plant breeding, impeding the transfer of desirable traits. This postzygotic reproductive barrier primarily occurs in the endosperm, a tissue that nourishes the embryo and functions similarly to the placenta in mammals. We found that incompatible seeds show a loss of DNA methylation and chromatin condensation in the endosperm, similar to seeds lacking maternal RNA polymerase IV activity. This similarity is linked to a decrease in small interfering RNAs in the endosperm (sirenRNAs), maternal RNA polymerase IV-dependent short interfering RNAs that regulate DNA methylation. Several AGAMOUS-like MADS-box transcription factor genes (AGLs), key regulators of endosperm development, are targeted by sirenRNAs in cis and in trans. This finding aligns with the enrichment of AGL target genes among deregulated genes. We propose that hybrid seed failure results from reduced maternal sirenRNAs combined with increased AGL expression, leading to abnormal gene regulation in the endosperm. Hybrid seed failure in plant breeding arises from disrupted endosperm development. Reduced maternal sirenRNAs and increased expression of AGL transcription factors cause abnormal gene regulation in the endosperm, preventing successful wide species crosses.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"1969-1983"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-024-01844-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01846-1
Jiangong Liu, Youngryel Ryu, Xiangzhong Luo, Benjamin Dechant, Benjamin D. Stocker, Trevor F. Keenan, Pierre Gentine, Xing Li, Bolun Li, Sandy P. Harrison, Iain Colin Prentice
Plants acclimate to temperature by adjusting their photosynthetic capacity over weeks to months. However, most evidence for photosynthetic acclimation derives from leaf-scale experiments. Here we address the scarcity of evidence for canopy-scale photosynthetic acclimation by examining the correlation between maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax,2,000) and growth temperature ( $$overline{{T}_{rm{air}}}$$ ) across a range of concurrent temperatures and canopy foliage quantity, using data from >200 eddy covariance sites. We detect widespread thermal acclimation of canopy-scale photosynthesis, demonstrated by enhanced Amax,2,000 under higher $$overline{{T}_{rm{air}}}$$ , across flux sites with adequate water availability. A 14-day period is identified as the most relevant timescale for acclimation across all sites, with a range of 12–25 days for different plant functional types. The mean apparent thermal acclimation rate across all ecosystems is 0.41 (−0.38–1.04 for 5th–95th percentile range) µmol m−2 s−1 °C−1, with croplands showing the largest acclimation rates and grasslands the lowest. Incorporating an optimality-based prediction of leaf photosynthetic capacities into a biochemical photosynthesis model is shown to improve the representation of thermal acclimation. Our results underscore the critical need for enhanced understanding and modelling of canopy-scale photosynthetic capacity to accurately predict plant responses to warmer growing seasons. Analysis of the FLUXNET2015 dataset provides observational evidence for widespread thermal acclimation of canopy-scale photosynthesis and its timescales across diverse biomes, improving its representation in land surface models.
{"title":"Evidence for widespread thermal acclimation of canopy photosynthesis","authors":"Jiangong Liu, Youngryel Ryu, Xiangzhong Luo, Benjamin Dechant, Benjamin D. Stocker, Trevor F. Keenan, Pierre Gentine, Xing Li, Bolun Li, Sandy P. Harrison, Iain Colin Prentice","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01846-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01846-1","url":null,"abstract":"Plants acclimate to temperature by adjusting their photosynthetic capacity over weeks to months. However, most evidence for photosynthetic acclimation derives from leaf-scale experiments. Here we address the scarcity of evidence for canopy-scale photosynthetic acclimation by examining the correlation between maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax,2,000) and growth temperature ( $$overline{{T}_{rm{air}}}$$ ) across a range of concurrent temperatures and canopy foliage quantity, using data from >200 eddy covariance sites. We detect widespread thermal acclimation of canopy-scale photosynthesis, demonstrated by enhanced Amax,2,000 under higher $$overline{{T}_{rm{air}}}$$ , across flux sites with adequate water availability. A 14-day period is identified as the most relevant timescale for acclimation across all sites, with a range of 12–25 days for different plant functional types. The mean apparent thermal acclimation rate across all ecosystems is 0.41 (−0.38–1.04 for 5th–95th percentile range) µmol m−2 s−1 °C−1, with croplands showing the largest acclimation rates and grasslands the lowest. Incorporating an optimality-based prediction of leaf photosynthetic capacities into a biochemical photosynthesis model is shown to improve the representation of thermal acclimation. Our results underscore the critical need for enhanced understanding and modelling of canopy-scale photosynthetic capacity to accurately predict plant responses to warmer growing seasons. Analysis of the FLUXNET2015 dataset provides observational evidence for widespread thermal acclimation of canopy-scale photosynthesis and its timescales across diverse biomes, improving its representation in land surface models.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"1919-1927"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-024-01846-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01850-5
Dong Chen, Cheng Fu, Liza K. Jenkins, Jiaying He, Zhihao Wang, Randi R. Jandt, Gerald V. Frost, Allison Bredder, Logan T. Berner, Tatiana V. Loboda
Arctic tundra has experienced rapid warming, outpacing global averages, leading to significant greening whose primary drivers include widespread shrubification. Here we confirm that a fire–greening positive feedback loop is evident across the Alaskan tundra, and evidence suggests that this feedback loop is dominated by the fire–shrub interactions. We show that tundra wildfires, especially those with higher severity, play a critical role in boosting the overall greening of the tundra, often by enhancing upright deciduous shrub growth or establishment but sometimes by inducing increases in other vascular biomass. In addition, fire–greening interactions vary greatly within different tundra subregions, a likely consequence of the spatial heterogeneity in vegetation composition, climatic and geophysical conditions. Arctic warming has led to widespread greening across the tundra. Utilizing remote-sensing and field data, this study identifies a positive fire–greening feedback loop operating across regional scales and highlights the emerging issue of wildfires in one of Earth’s largest carbon sinks.
{"title":"Regional fire–greening positive feedback loops in Alaskan Arctic tundra","authors":"Dong Chen, Cheng Fu, Liza K. Jenkins, Jiaying He, Zhihao Wang, Randi R. Jandt, Gerald V. Frost, Allison Bredder, Logan T. Berner, Tatiana V. Loboda","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01850-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01850-5","url":null,"abstract":"Arctic tundra has experienced rapid warming, outpacing global averages, leading to significant greening whose primary drivers include widespread shrubification. Here we confirm that a fire–greening positive feedback loop is evident across the Alaskan tundra, and evidence suggests that this feedback loop is dominated by the fire–shrub interactions. We show that tundra wildfires, especially those with higher severity, play a critical role in boosting the overall greening of the tundra, often by enhancing upright deciduous shrub growth or establishment but sometimes by inducing increases in other vascular biomass. In addition, fire–greening interactions vary greatly within different tundra subregions, a likely consequence of the spatial heterogeneity in vegetation composition, climatic and geophysical conditions. Arctic warming has led to widespread greening across the tundra. Utilizing remote-sensing and field data, this study identifies a positive fire–greening feedback loop operating across regional scales and highlights the emerging issue of wildfires in one of Earth’s largest carbon sinks.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"1886-1891"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ligand-induced receptor and co-receptor heterodimerization is a common mechanism in receptor kinase (RK) signalling activation. SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDEs (SCOOPs) mediate the complex formation of Arabidopsis RK MIK2 and co-receptor BAK1, triggering immune responses. Through structural, biochemical and genetic analyses, we demonstrate that SCOOPs use their SxS motif and adjacent residues to bind MIK2 and the carboxy-terminal GGR residues to link MIK2 to BAK1. While N-glycosylation of plant RKs is typically associated with protein maturation, plasma membrane targeting and conformation maintenance, a surprising revelation emerges from our crystal structural analysis of MIK2–SCOOP–BAK1 complexes. Specific N-glycans on MIK2 directly interact with BAK1 upon SCOOP sensing. The absence of N-glycosylation at the specific site in MIK2 neither affects its subcellular localization and protein accumulation in plant cells nor alters its structural conformation, but markedly reduces its affinity for BAK1, abolishing SCOOP-triggered immune responses. This N-glycan-mediated receptor and co-receptor heterodimerization occurs in both Arabidopsis and Brassica napus. Our findings elucidate the molecular basis of SCOOP perception by the MIK2–BAK1 immune complex and underscore the crucial role of N-glycans in plant receptor–coreceptor interactions and signalling activation, shaping immune responses. Wu et al. elucidate the molecular basis for SCOOPs perception by the MIK2–BAK1 immune complex and demonstrate an unexpectedly pivotal role of N-glycans in plant receptor–coreceptor interactions and signalling activation, shaping immune responses.
{"title":"Mechanistic study of SCOOPs recognition by MIK2–BAK1 complex reveals the role of N-glycans in plant ligand–receptor–coreceptor complex formation","authors":"Huimin Wu, Lihao Wan, Zunyong Liu, Yunqing Jian, Chenchen Zhang, Xiakun Mao, Zhiyun Wang, Qiang Wang, Yaxin Hu, Lizhong Xiong, Zhujun Xia, Juan Xue, Shan Li, Ping He, Libo Shan, Shutong Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01836-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01836-3","url":null,"abstract":"Ligand-induced receptor and co-receptor heterodimerization is a common mechanism in receptor kinase (RK) signalling activation. SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDEs (SCOOPs) mediate the complex formation of Arabidopsis RK MIK2 and co-receptor BAK1, triggering immune responses. Through structural, biochemical and genetic analyses, we demonstrate that SCOOPs use their SxS motif and adjacent residues to bind MIK2 and the carboxy-terminal GGR residues to link MIK2 to BAK1. While N-glycosylation of plant RKs is typically associated with protein maturation, plasma membrane targeting and conformation maintenance, a surprising revelation emerges from our crystal structural analysis of MIK2–SCOOP–BAK1 complexes. Specific N-glycans on MIK2 directly interact with BAK1 upon SCOOP sensing. The absence of N-glycosylation at the specific site in MIK2 neither affects its subcellular localization and protein accumulation in plant cells nor alters its structural conformation, but markedly reduces its affinity for BAK1, abolishing SCOOP-triggered immune responses. This N-glycan-mediated receptor and co-receptor heterodimerization occurs in both Arabidopsis and Brassica napus. Our findings elucidate the molecular basis of SCOOP perception by the MIK2–BAK1 immune complex and underscore the crucial role of N-glycans in plant receptor–coreceptor interactions and signalling activation, shaping immune responses. Wu et al. elucidate the molecular basis for SCOOPs perception by the MIK2–BAK1 immune complex and demonstrate an unexpectedly pivotal role of N-glycans in plant receptor–coreceptor interactions and signalling activation, shaping immune responses.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"1984-1998"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-024-01836-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant receptor kinases (RKs) are critical for transmembrane signalling involved in various biological processes including plant immunity. MALE DISCOVERER1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) is a unique RK that recognizes a family of immunomodulatory peptides called SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDEs (SCOOPs) and activates pattern-triggered immunity responses. However, the precise mechanisms underlying SCOOP recognition and activation of MIK2 remain poorly understood. Here we present the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of a ternary complex consisting of the extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) of MIK2 (MIK2LRR), SCOOP12 and the extracellular LRR of the co-receptor BAK1 (BAK1LRR) at a resolution of 3.34 Å. The structure reveals that a DNHH motif in MIK2LRR plays a critical role in specifically recognizing the highly conserved SxS motif of SCOOP12. Furthermore, the structure demonstrates that N-glycans at MIK2LRRAsn410 directly interact with the N-terminal capping region of BAK1LRR. Mutation of the glycosylation site, MIK2LRRN410D, completely abolishes the SCOOP12-independent interaction between MIK2LRR and BAK1LRR and substantially impairs the assembly of the MIK2LRR–SCOOP12–BAK1LRR complex. Supporting the biological relevance of N410-glycosylation, MIK2N410D substantially compromises SCOOP12-triggered immune responses in plants. Collectively, these findings elucidate the mechanism underlying the loose specificity of SCOOP recognition by MIK2 and reveal an unprecedented mechanism by which N-glycosylation modification of LRR-RK promotes receptor activation. This study demonstrates a crucial role of N-glycosylation in activating a receptor-like kinase by promoting its interaction with co-receptors.
{"title":"N-glycosylation facilitates the activation of a plant cell-surface receptor","authors":"Fangshuai Jia, Yu Xiao, Yaojie Feng, Jinghui Yan, Mingzhu Fan, Yue Sun, Shijia Huang, Weiguo Li, Tian Zhao, Zhifu Han, Shuguo Hou, Jijie Chai","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01841-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01841-6","url":null,"abstract":"Plant receptor kinases (RKs) are critical for transmembrane signalling involved in various biological processes including plant immunity. MALE DISCOVERER1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) is a unique RK that recognizes a family of immunomodulatory peptides called SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDEs (SCOOPs) and activates pattern-triggered immunity responses. However, the precise mechanisms underlying SCOOP recognition and activation of MIK2 remain poorly understood. Here we present the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of a ternary complex consisting of the extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) of MIK2 (MIK2LRR), SCOOP12 and the extracellular LRR of the co-receptor BAK1 (BAK1LRR) at a resolution of 3.34 Å. The structure reveals that a DNHH motif in MIK2LRR plays a critical role in specifically recognizing the highly conserved SxS motif of SCOOP12. Furthermore, the structure demonstrates that N-glycans at MIK2LRRAsn410 directly interact with the N-terminal capping region of BAK1LRR. Mutation of the glycosylation site, MIK2LRRN410D, completely abolishes the SCOOP12-independent interaction between MIK2LRR and BAK1LRR and substantially impairs the assembly of the MIK2LRR–SCOOP12–BAK1LRR complex. Supporting the biological relevance of N410-glycosylation, MIK2N410D substantially compromises SCOOP12-triggered immune responses in plants. Collectively, these findings elucidate the mechanism underlying the loose specificity of SCOOP recognition by MIK2 and reveal an unprecedented mechanism by which N-glycosylation modification of LRR-RK promotes receptor activation. This study demonstrates a crucial role of N-glycosylation in activating a receptor-like kinase by promoting its interaction with co-receptors.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"2014-2026"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01839-0
Ning An, Xiaowei Huang, Zhao Yang, Minhua Zhang, Miaolian Ma, Fang Yu, Lianyan Jing, Boya Du, Yong-Fei Wang, Xue Zhang, Peng Zhang
Jasmonates (JAs) are a class of oxylipin phytohormones including jasmonic acid (JA) and derivatives that regulate plant growth, development and biotic and abiotic stress. A number of transporters have been identified to be responsible for the cellular and subcellular translocation of JAs. However, the mechanistic understanding of how these transporters specifically recognize and transport JAs is scarce. Here we determined the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of JA exporter AtABCG16 in inward-facing apo, JA-bound and occluded conformations, and outward-facing post translocation conformation. AtABCG16 structure forms a homodimer, and each monomer contains a nucleotide-binding domain, a transmembrane domain and an extracellular domain. Structural analyses together with biochemical and plant physiological experiments revealed the molecular mechanism by which AtABCG16 specifically recognizes and transports JA. Structural analyses also revealed that AtABCG16 features a unique bifurcated substrate translocation pathway, which is composed of two independent substrate entrances, two substrate-binding pockets and a shared apoplastic cavity. In addition, residue Phe608 from each monomer is disclosed to function as a gate along the translocation pathway controlling the accessing of substrate JA from the cytoplasm or apoplast. Based on the structural and biochemical analyses, a working model of AtABCG16-mediated JA transport is proposed, which diversifies the molecular mechanisms of ABC transporters. The authors report the cryo-EM structure of JA transporter ABCG16 in multiple conformations. It features a bifurcated translocation pathway, revealing the specific JA binding and transport mechanism that diversifies ABC transporters in higher plants.
茉莉酸（JA）是一类氧化脂素植物激素，包括茉莉酸（JA）及其衍生物，可调节植物的生长、发育以及生物和非生物胁迫。目前已发现一些转运体负责 JA 的细胞和亚细胞转运。然而，人们对这些转运体如何特异性识别和转运 JA 的机理了解甚少。在这里，我们测定了JA转运体AtABCG16的低温电子显微镜结构，包括向内的apo构象、与JA结合的构象和闭锁构象，以及向外的转运后构象。AtABCG16 结构形成一个同源二聚体，每个单体包含一个核苷酸结合结构域、一个跨膜结构域和一个胞外结构域。结构分析以及生化和植物生理实验揭示了 AtABCG16 特异性识别和转运 JA 的分子机制。结构分析还揭示了 AtABCG16 独特的分叉底物转运途径，它由两个独立的底物入口、两个底物结合口袋和一个共享的凋亡腔组成。此外，每个单体的残基 Phe608 被披露为转运途径上的一个门，控制着底物 JA 从细胞质或细胞凋亡体的进入。基于结构和生化分析，提出了 AtABCG16 介导 JA 转运的工作模型，该模型使 ABC 转运体的分子机制多样化。
{"title":"Cryo-EM structure and molecular mechanism of the jasmonic acid transporter ABCG16","authors":"Ning An, Xiaowei Huang, Zhao Yang, Minhua Zhang, Miaolian Ma, Fang Yu, Lianyan Jing, Boya Du, Yong-Fei Wang, Xue Zhang, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01839-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01839-0","url":null,"abstract":"Jasmonates (JAs) are a class of oxylipin phytohormones including jasmonic acid (JA) and derivatives that regulate plant growth, development and biotic and abiotic stress. A number of transporters have been identified to be responsible for the cellular and subcellular translocation of JAs. However, the mechanistic understanding of how these transporters specifically recognize and transport JAs is scarce. Here we determined the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of JA exporter AtABCG16 in inward-facing apo, JA-bound and occluded conformations, and outward-facing post translocation conformation. AtABCG16 structure forms a homodimer, and each monomer contains a nucleotide-binding domain, a transmembrane domain and an extracellular domain. Structural analyses together with biochemical and plant physiological experiments revealed the molecular mechanism by which AtABCG16 specifically recognizes and transports JA. Structural analyses also revealed that AtABCG16 features a unique bifurcated substrate translocation pathway, which is composed of two independent substrate entrances, two substrate-binding pockets and a shared apoplastic cavity. In addition, residue Phe608 from each monomer is disclosed to function as a gate along the translocation pathway controlling the accessing of substrate JA from the cytoplasm or apoplast. Based on the structural and biochemical analyses, a working model of AtABCG16-mediated JA transport is proposed, which diversifies the molecular mechanisms of ABC transporters. The authors report the cryo-EM structure of JA transporter ABCG16 in multiple conformations. It features a bifurcated translocation pathway, revealing the specific JA binding and transport mechanism that diversifies ABC transporters in higher plants.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"2052-2061"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01840-7
Keran Zhai, Jack Rhodes, Cyril Zipfel
Plants employ cell-surface receptors to perceive non- or altered-self, including the integrity of their cell wall. Here we identify a specific ligand–receptor module responsive to cell wall damage that potentiates immunity in Arabidopsis. Disruption of cell wall integrity by inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis promotes pattern-triggered immunity transcriptionally in a manner dependent on the receptor kinase MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2). Notably, while MIK2 can perceive peptides of the large SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE family, a single member of this family, SCOOP18, is transcriptionally induced upon cell wall damage and is required for subsequent responses such as lignification and immunity potentiation. Collectively, our results identify the SCOOP18–MIK2 ligand–receptor module as an important central hub, connecting plant cell wall integrity sensing with immunity. The authors identified a specific Arabidopsis ligand–receptor module as a central hub connecting cell wall integrity sensing with pattern-triggered immunity through transcriptional reprogramming.
{"title":"A peptide-receptor module links cell wall integrity sensing to pattern-triggered immunity","authors":"Keran Zhai, Jack Rhodes, Cyril Zipfel","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01840-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01840-7","url":null,"abstract":"Plants employ cell-surface receptors to perceive non- or altered-self, including the integrity of their cell wall. Here we identify a specific ligand–receptor module responsive to cell wall damage that potentiates immunity in Arabidopsis. Disruption of cell wall integrity by inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis promotes pattern-triggered immunity transcriptionally in a manner dependent on the receptor kinase MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2). Notably, while MIK2 can perceive peptides of the large SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE family, a single member of this family, SCOOP18, is transcriptionally induced upon cell wall damage and is required for subsequent responses such as lignification and immunity potentiation. Collectively, our results identify the SCOOP18–MIK2 ligand–receptor module as an important central hub, connecting plant cell wall integrity sensing with immunity. The authors identified a specific Arabidopsis ligand–receptor module as a central hub connecting cell wall integrity sensing with pattern-triggered immunity through transcriptional reprogramming.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"10 12","pages":"2027-2037"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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