Among the physicochemical cues in the cellular microenvironment that orchestrate cell processes, the different levels of curvature in the extracellular matrix and intrinsic to the tissues play a pivotal role in the spatiotemporal control of key cellular functions. Curvature influences multicellular organization and contributes to the onset of specific human diseases. This Review outlines how physical parameters used to describe the balance of forces in cells and tissues shed light on the mechanism of curvature sensing of cells across different length scales. We provide a summary of progress in delineating the fundamental mechanobiological characteristics of curvature sensing across various scales, emphasizing key challenges in the field. Additionally, we explore the potential of vertex model approaches to uncover critical physical elements involved in the mechanical regulation of curved tissues and the construction of functional architectures at the collective level. Finally, we examine how changes in curvature can influence transcriptional regulation through a reorganization of cytoskeletal forces acting on the nucleus, thereby facilitating the development of specific human diseases. Structure and function of biological tissues are closely intertwined. This Review surveys the challenges in uncovering critical physical elements involved in the mechanical regulation of curved tissues across different length scales and examines how changes in curvature influence cell functions.
{"title":"How multiscale curvature couples forces to cellular functions","authors":"Marine Luciano, Caterina Tomba, Aurélien Roux, Sylvain Gabriele","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00700-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00700-9","url":null,"abstract":"Among the physicochemical cues in the cellular microenvironment that orchestrate cell processes, the different levels of curvature in the extracellular matrix and intrinsic to the tissues play a pivotal role in the spatiotemporal control of key cellular functions. Curvature influences multicellular organization and contributes to the onset of specific human diseases. This Review outlines how physical parameters used to describe the balance of forces in cells and tissues shed light on the mechanism of curvature sensing of cells across different length scales. We provide a summary of progress in delineating the fundamental mechanobiological characteristics of curvature sensing across various scales, emphasizing key challenges in the field. Additionally, we explore the potential of vertex model approaches to uncover critical physical elements involved in the mechanical regulation of curved tissues and the construction of functional architectures at the collective level. Finally, we examine how changes in curvature can influence transcriptional regulation through a reorganization of cytoskeletal forces acting on the nucleus, thereby facilitating the development of specific human diseases. Structure and function of biological tissues are closely intertwined. This Review surveys the challenges in uncovering critical physical elements involved in the mechanical regulation of curved tissues across different length scales and examines how changes in curvature influence cell functions.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 4","pages":"246-268"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00713-4
Good writing is about having something interesting and original to say. Generative AI tools might provide technical help, but they are no substitute for your unique perspective.
好的写作就是要有有趣的原创内容。生成式人工智能工具可能会提供技术帮助，但它们无法取代你的独特视角。
{"title":"AI is no substitute for having something to say","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00713-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00713-4","url":null,"abstract":"Good writing is about having something interesting and original to say. Generative AI tools might provide technical help, but they are no substitute for your unique perspective.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 3","pages":"151-151"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00713-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140063866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00691-7
Sibusiso Biyela, Kanta Dihal, Katy Ilonka Gero, Daphne Ippolito, Filippo Menczer, Mike S. Schäfer, Hiromi M. Yokoyama
Advances in generative AI could democratize science communication, by providing scientists with easy-to-use tools to help them communicate their work to different audiences. However, these tools are imperfect, and their output must be checked by experts. They can also be used maliciously to produce misinformation and disinformation. Seven researchers and science communicators weigh up the potential benefits of generative AI for science communication against its risks. Seven researchers and science communicators weigh up the potential benefits of generative AI for science communication against its risks.
{"title":"Generative AI and science communication in the physical sciences","authors":"Sibusiso Biyela, Kanta Dihal, Katy Ilonka Gero, Daphne Ippolito, Filippo Menczer, Mike S. Schäfer, Hiromi M. Yokoyama","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00691-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00691-7","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in generative AI could democratize science communication, by providing scientists with easy-to-use tools to help them communicate their work to different audiences. However, these tools are imperfect, and their output must be checked by experts. They can also be used maliciously to produce misinformation and disinformation. Seven researchers and science communicators weigh up the potential benefits of generative AI for science communication against its risks. Seven researchers and science communicators weigh up the potential benefits of generative AI for science communication against its risks.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 3","pages":"162-165"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00691-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00702-7
Pietro Barabaschi
Pietro Barabaschi, Director General of ITER, calls for measures and incentives to carefully document the entire research process, including dead ends and failures, instead of reporting just the successful final results.
国际热核实验堆总干事 Pietro Barabaschi 呼吁采取措施和激励措施，认真记录整个研究过程，包括死胡同和失败，而不是只报告成功的最终结果。
{"title":"The importance of documenting failure","authors":"Pietro Barabaschi","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00702-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00702-7","url":null,"abstract":"Pietro Barabaschi, Director General of ITER, calls for measures and incentives to carefully document the entire research process, including dead ends and failures, instead of reporting just the successful final results.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 5","pages":"284-285"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140003721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00708-1
Iulia Georgescu, Mónica Bello
Mónica Bello, Curator and Head of Arts at CERN talks about the programmes that have been fostering the dialogue between artists and physicists for over a decade with the aim of exploring the cultural significance of fundamental research.
{"title":"A meeting point for art and science","authors":"Iulia Georgescu, Mónica Bello","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00708-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00708-1","url":null,"abstract":"Mónica Bello, Curator and Head of Arts at CERN talks about the programmes that have been fostering the dialogue between artists and physicists for over a decade with the aim of exploring the cultural significance of fundamental research.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 4","pages":"217-218"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00704-5
Luojun Du
Excitonic effects dominate the optical properties of 2D materials, and excitons have been observed both within a single layer, and between two layers of 2D materials. In 2023, a number of experiments on trilayer 2D structures uncovered new exciton states — quadrupolar and every-other-layer excitons — that have an electrically-tunable dipole moment and show a quantum many-body phase diagram. In 2023, a number of experiments on trilayer 2D structures uncovered new exciton states that have an electrically-tunable dipole moment and show a quantum many-body phase diagram.
{"title":"New excitons in multilayer 2D materials","authors":"Luojun Du","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00704-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00704-5","url":null,"abstract":"Excitonic effects dominate the optical properties of 2D materials, and excitons have been observed both within a single layer, and between two layers of 2D materials. In 2023, a number of experiments on trilayer 2D structures uncovered new exciton states — quadrupolar and every-other-layer excitons — that have an electrically-tunable dipole moment and show a quantum many-body phase diagram. In 2023, a number of experiments on trilayer 2D structures uncovered new exciton states that have an electrically-tunable dipole moment and show a quantum many-body phase diagram.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 3","pages":"157-159"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139903802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00706-3
Earl Campbell
Over the past few years, and most notably in 2023, quantum error correction has made big strides, shifting the community focus from noisy applications to what can be achieved with early error-corrected quantum computers. But despite the breakthroughs in experiments with trapped ions, superconducting circuits and reconfigurable atom arrays there are still several technological challenges — unique to each platform — to overcome. Despite recent breakthroughs in quantum error correction experiments with trapped ions, superconducting circuits and reconfigurable atom arrays, there are still several technological challenges to overcome.
{"title":"A series of fast-paced advances in Quantum Error Correction","authors":"Earl Campbell","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00706-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00706-3","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, and most notably in 2023, quantum error correction has made big strides, shifting the community focus from noisy applications to what can be achieved with early error-corrected quantum computers. But despite the breakthroughs in experiments with trapped ions, superconducting circuits and reconfigurable atom arrays there are still several technological challenges — unique to each platform — to overcome. Despite recent breakthroughs in quantum error correction experiments with trapped ions, superconducting circuits and reconfigurable atom arrays, there are still several technological challenges to overcome.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 3","pages":"160-161"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139903912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00698-0
Rachel C. Kurchin
In an age of expensive experiments and hype around new data-driven methods, researchers understandably want to ensure they are gleaning as much insight from their data as possible. Rachel C. Kurchin argues that there is still plenty to be learned from older approaches without turning to black boxes.
在这个实验昂贵、新数据驱动方法大行其道的时代，研究人员希望从数据中获得尽可能多的洞察力，这是可以理解的。雷切尔-库尔钦（Rachel C. Kurchin）认为，在不使用黑盒的情况下，仍然可以从旧方法中学到很多东西。
{"title":"Using Bayesian parameter estimation to learn more from data without black boxes","authors":"Rachel C. Kurchin","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00698-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00698-0","url":null,"abstract":"In an age of expensive experiments and hype around new data-driven methods, researchers understandably want to ensure they are gleaning as much insight from their data as possible. Rachel C. Kurchin argues that there is still plenty to be learned from older approaches without turning to black boxes.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 3","pages":"152-154"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139903914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00688-2
William Gilpin
Modern generative machine learning models are able to create realistic outputs far beyond their training data, such as photorealistic artwork, accurate protein structures or conversational text. These successes suggest that generative models learn to effectively parametrize and sample arbitrarily complex distributions. Beginning half a century ago, foundational works in nonlinear dynamics used tools from information theory for a similar purpose, namely, to infer properties of chaotic attractors from real-world time series. This Perspective article aims to connect these classical works to emerging themes in large-scale generative statistical learning. It focuses specifically on two classical problems: reconstructing dynamical manifolds given partial measurements, which parallels modern latent variable methods, and inferring minimal dynamical motifs underlying complicated data sets, which mirrors interpretability probes for trained models. Generative machine learning models seek to approximate and then sample the probability distribution of the data sets on which they are trained. This Perspective article connects these methods to historical studies of information processing and attractor geometry in nonlinear systems.
{"title":"Generative learning for nonlinear dynamics","authors":"William Gilpin","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00688-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00688-2","url":null,"abstract":"Modern generative machine learning models are able to create realistic outputs far beyond their training data, such as photorealistic artwork, accurate protein structures or conversational text. These successes suggest that generative models learn to effectively parametrize and sample arbitrarily complex distributions. Beginning half a century ago, foundational works in nonlinear dynamics used tools from information theory for a similar purpose, namely, to infer properties of chaotic attractors from real-world time series. This Perspective article aims to connect these classical works to emerging themes in large-scale generative statistical learning. It focuses specifically on two classical problems: reconstructing dynamical manifolds given partial measurements, which parallels modern latent variable methods, and inferring minimal dynamical motifs underlying complicated data sets, which mirrors interpretability probes for trained models. Generative machine learning models seek to approximate and then sample the probability distribution of the data sets on which they are trained. This Perspective article connects these methods to historical studies of information processing and attractor geometry in nonlinear systems.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 3","pages":"194-206"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139756831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00696-2
For Nature Reviews journals, the simplistic notion of high–low impact measured by citation-based metrics is inadequate. Instead, we should understand who is using these journals, and how.
{"title":"The many facets of impact","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00696-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00696-2","url":null,"abstract":"For Nature Reviews journals, the simplistic notion of high–low impact measured by citation-based metrics is inadequate. Instead, we should understand who is using these journals, and how.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 2","pages":"71-71"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00696-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139710649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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