Journal of Ecology最新文献_第2页

Microplastic and drought influence the positive effect of plant diversity on plant biomass production 微塑料和干旱影响了植物多样性对植物生物量生产的积极作用

IF 5.5 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.70217

Jing Man, Bo Tang, Yudi M. Lozano, Matthias C. Rillig

<h2>1 INTRODUCTION</h2>Microplastic pollution stands out as one of the most pervasive and enduring anthropogenic global change factors, having garnered recognition as a concern in biodiversity conservation efforts for terrestrial ecosystems (Bank et al., 2022; de Souza Machado, Kloas, et al., 2018; Rillig et al., 2023). Microplastic particles, polymers (and their chemical additives) with a diameter smaller than 5 mm, can enter soil via atmospheric deposition, amendments, mulching and irrigation (Blasing & Amelung, 2018; Brahney et al., 2020). There is evidence highlighting the impact of microplastic on soil biophysical properties, such as water-holding capacity, aggregation and soil biota (de Souza Machado, Lau, et al., 2018; Lehmann et al., 2019; Liu, Feng, et al., 2023), as well as their consequences on plant performance (Jia et al., 2023; Rillig et al., 2019). Understanding the latter is vital because plants play a key role in maintaining productivity and overall ecosystem functionality (Houghton et al., 2009). The effects of microplastic on plant biomass have been extensively studied at the individual species level, with reported responses varying from negative to positive in species such as Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Triticum aestivum, Lolium perenne and Daucus carota (Fu et al., 2024; Judy et al., 2019; Lozano, Lehnert, et al., 2021; van Kleunen et al., 2019). These studies have paved the way for understanding how microplastic affects plants. However, the field is still in its infancy, as in natural ecosystems such as grassland, diverse plant species typically coexist and interact. To date, studies investigating the effects of microplastic on plant communities are comparatively rare (Xu et al., 2024; Yu et al., 2021), highlighting the urgent need to understand microplastic impacts at the plant community level. A recent study found that adding microplastic to soil increased the biomass of Hieracium pilosella (forb) but decreased that of Festuca brevipila (grass) within a mixed plant community (Lozano & Rillig, 2020). Similarly, He, Yao, et al. (2024) reported that different plant species in an experimental grass–forb mixture community showed varying degrees of change in abundance following microplastic addition. Therefore, the varied responses of different species or plant functional groups, which are groups of species with similar ecological strategies such as grasses, forbs and legumes (Díaz & Cabido, 2001; McLaren & Turkington, 2010), to microplastic addition have the potential to affect plant community composition and plant diversity.Plant diversity is crucial for maintaining ecosys

微塑料污染是最普遍和持久的人为全球变化因素之一，已成为陆地生态系统生物多样性保护工作的关注焦点（Bank等人，2022;de Souza Machado， Kloas等人，2018；Rillig等人，2023）。直径小于5mm的微塑料颗粒、聚合物（及其化学添加剂）可以通过大气沉降、修正、覆盖和灌溉进入土壤（Blasing & Amelung, 2018; Brahney et al., 2020）。有证据强调了微塑料对土壤生物物理特性的影响，如持水能力、聚集性和土壤生物群（de Souza Machado， Lau等，2018；Lehmann等，2019;Liu， Feng等，2023），以及它们对植物性能的影响（Jia等，2023；Rillig等，2019）。了解后者至关重要，因为植物在维持生产力和整体生态系统功能方面发挥着关键作用（Houghton et al., 2009）。微塑料对植物生物量的影响已在单个物种水平上进行了广泛研究，据报道，在车前草（Plantago lanceolata）、三叶草（Trifolium repens）、小麦（Triticum aestivum）、多年生Lolium perenne和胡萝卜（Daucus carota）等物种中，反应从阴性到阳性不等（Fu等人，2024；Judy等人，2019;Lozano， Lehnert等人，2021；van Kleunen等人，2019）。这些研究为理解微塑料如何影响植物铺平了道路。然而，该领域仍处于起步阶段，因为在草原等自然生态系统中，不同的植物物种通常共存并相互作用。迄今为止，研究微塑料对植物群落影响的研究相对较少（Xu et al., 2024; Yu et al., 2021），这凸显了在植物群落水平上了解微塑料影响的迫切需要。最近的一项研究发现，在混合植物群落中，向土壤中添加微塑料增加了Hieracium pilosella（草本）的生物量，但减少了Festuca brevipila（草）的生物量（Lozano & Rillig, 2020）。同样，He， Yao等（2024）报道了草草混合群落中不同植物种类在添加微塑料后丰度发生不同程度的变化。因此，不同的物种或植物功能类群，即具有相似生态策略的物种类群，如草、forbs和豆科植物（Díaz & Cabido, 2001; McLaren & Turkington, 2010）对微塑料添加的不同反应有可能影响植物群落组成和植物多样性。植物多样性对于维持生态系统功能、减轻干旱等全球变化因素的影响以及确保生态系统稳定至关重要（Hooper et al., 2012; Tilman et al., 2014）。越来越多的证据表明，植物多样性可以增强生态系统功能，如植物生产力（Cardinale等，2012；Loreau等，2021）。互补效应（CE）和选择效应（SE）是解释这种积极关系的两种潜在机制（Loreau & Hector, 2001）。当一个群落内不同的植物物种或功能群以提高整体生产力的方式相互补充时，就会出现正生产力。其中包括生态位分化，通过更有效和完全地利用现有资源来减少种间竞争，以及促进作用，一些物种因此改善资源可用性或减轻其邻居的环境压力（Barry等人，2019；Fagundes等人，2023）。相反，当单作生物量大的物种不成比例地提高生产力时，SE值为正。CE和SE也可能出现阴性。当干扰竞争或拮抗相互作用超过生态位分化的积极作用时，就会出现负生态环境效应。当生产力较低的物种在群落中占主导地位时，就会出现负SE，从而降低整体生产力（Loreau et al., 2012）。然而，针对生物多样性效应及其机制的研究大多是在环境条件下进行的（Kuebbing et al., 2015; Wagg et al., 2022）。最近的研究表明，全球变化因素可能影响植物多样性与生产力之间的关系（He, Barry, et al., 2024; Hong et al., 2022; Shovon et al., 2024）。例如，干旱可能会加强植物多样性对地上生物量的积极影响，并增加CE的强度（Xi et al., 2022）。目前，还没有直接证据表明微塑料是否以及如何影响植物多样性与生物量之间的关系。尽管如此，对植物群落的研究表明，微塑料的添加可能会改变物种的优势，例如，减少Holcus lanatus（一种草）的优势，同时增加Hieracium pilosella（一种forb）的优势（Lozano & Rillig, 2020）。此外，微塑料的添加可能会改变植物物种之间的种间相互作用，将它们从积极的联系转变为中性的联系（He, Yao, et al., 2024）。因此，可以预期，物种相互作用和优势的改变可能会影响互补和选择效应。因此，微塑料污染可能会改变植物多样性对生物量生产的影响，这取决于它对互补和选择效应的影响程度。如果微塑料抑制了植物多样性对生态系统功能的积极影响，这将对生态系统管理和我们对生物多样性-生态系统功能关系的理论理解产生重要影响。鉴于目前缺乏经验证据，有必要探讨微塑料如何影响植物多样性与生物量之间的关系，以及潜在的生物多样性效应。最近的研究表明，微塑料，如微塑料纤维，可以改变土壤水分动态，从而可能减轻或加剧干旱（de Souza Machado等人，2019;Lozano & Rillig, 2020）。干旱是最常被研究的全球变化因子之一，它影响植物群落组成和植物多样性-生产力关系（Chen et al., 2022; ezez et al., 2017; Hoover et al., 2014），对豆科植物和草本植物的抑制作用往往大于对禾草的抑制作用（Carlsson et al., 2017; Stampfli et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2019）。这些发现表明，微塑料可能与干旱相互作用，影响不同的植物功能群，从而影响植物群落组成和植物多样性-生产力关系。事实上，研究表明微塑料可以与干旱相互作用，影响土壤生物群，如微食物网和真菌群落（Liu, Wang, & Zhu, 2023; Lozano et al., 2024）。然而，微塑料和干旱共同作用对植物群落和生物多样性的影响在很大程度上仍不清楚。解决这些影响至关重要，因为了解微塑料和干旱对植物多样性-生产力关系的共同影响以及任何潜在机制可以帮助我们全面解决和管理生物多样性和生态系统功能的风险（Naeem等人，2012；Sigmund等人，2022）。在这里,我们进行了温室实验使用16个物种的实验从池中植物群落组装属于三官能团(如草,福布斯和豆类)来创建一个梯度的植物多样性与1,2,4,8和16个植物物种,受到四个塑料微粒(MP)×干旱(D)场景:控制(没有议员,富水),MP(只有MP,富水),D (D,没有国会议员)和国会议员和D治疗(MP + D)。我们旨在探讨微塑料和干旱是否以及如何影响植物多样性与植物生物量生产的关系，以及它们对生物多样性效应的影响。我们测量了地上和地下生物量，并

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引用次数: 0

Flower–leaf sequence shapes plant phenological sensitivity to warming 花叶序列决定了植物对暖化的物候敏感性

IF 5.5 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.70210

Xingli Xia, Fangxiu Wan, Wanying Cheng, Liming Yan, Songbo Tang, Huanjiong Wang, Junhu Dai, Jianyang Xia

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Jianyang Xia is an Associate Editor of the Journal of Ecology, but took no part in the peer review and decision-making processes for this paper.

利益冲突声明作者声明，他们没有已知的竞争经济利益或个人关系，可能会影响本文所报道的工作。夏建阳，《生态学报》副主编，未参与论文的同行评议和决策过程。

引用次数: 0

Facilitation and constraint: Wave exposure and intraspecific interactions influence mangrove seedling morphology and resistance to dislodgement 促进和约束：波浪暴露和种内相互作用影响红树林幼苗形态和对迁移的抗性

IF 5.5 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.70215

Lukas Meysick, Julian Merder, Conrad Pilditch, Richard Bulmer, Christoffer Boström, Jack Hamilton, Karin Bryan, Carolyn Lundquist

Understanding the factors controlling mangrove seedling establishment is essential for maintaining forests and restoration under changing environmental conditions. While adaptive strategies and plasticity in seedling biomass allocation are expected along hydrodynamic gradients, there is little information on how this is modulated by the interplay between intraspecific facilitation (e.g. wave attenuation, anchoring by roots of adult trees) and competition (e.g. light limitation, space competition).

We conducted a field study across 12 sites (in nine estuaries) that spanned a gradient in wave exposure, to examine how mangrove seedling abundance, removal force and biomass allocation varied across three habitat types—mangrove forest, pneumatophore zone and unvegetated intertidal flat.

Seedling removal force increased with root biomass and decreased with sediment mud content. Results also indicated strong intraspecific facilitation through adult root anchorage for early establishment of seedlings (where their root biomass <0.2–0.5 g ind −1 ). However, the stabilizing effect of adult root biomass may be counterbalanced by increased light limitation, sediment accretion and competition with conspecifics, as indicated by stem etiolation. Under low wave exposure conditions, seedlings in the unvegetated intertidal flats were characterized by the highest leaf and lateral root biomass, while seedlings in the mangrove forest had the highest stem biomass and lowest stem width to stem height ratio, indicating divergent growth strategies shaped by local facilitation and competition dynamics. As wave exposure increased, all seedlings shifted investment towards below‐ground structures, particularly taproots, as well as towards shorter, thicker stems, indicating morphological convergence across habitats under high environmental stress.

Synthesis . Our findings highlight the dual influence of intraspecific interactions and environmental constraints in shaping seedling morphology. While facilitation promotes seedling stability in the mangrove habitat, resource (light) limitation likely drives stem etiolation. Ultimately, wave exposure imposes functional convergence in biomass allocation across habitats. This shift underscores the dominant role of physical stress in structuring early biomass allocation strategies. These insights enhance our understanding of mangrove seedling responses to environmental gradients and inform conservation strategies in dynamic coastal systems.

了解控制红树林幼苗形成的因素，对于在变化的环境条件下维持和恢复红树林至关重要。虽然幼苗生物量分配的适应性策略和可塑性是沿着水动力梯度进行的，但关于这是如何通过种内促进（如波衰减，成年树的根锚定）和竞争（如光限制，空间竞争）之间的相互作用进行调节的信息很少。我们在12个地点（9个河口）进行了一项实地研究，这些地点跨越了波浪暴露的梯度，以研究红树林幼苗丰度、迁移力和生物量分配在三种栖息地类型（红树林、气团带和无植被的潮间带）中的变化。拔苗力随根系生物量的增加而增大，随泥沙含量的增加而减小。结果还表明，通过成体根锚对幼苗的早期建立具有很强的种内促进作用（其根生物量为0.2-0.5 g,−1）。然而，如茎黄化所示，成年根生物量的稳定作用可能被增加的光照限制、沉积物增加和与同种植物的竞争所抵消。低波暴露条件下，无植被潮间带的幼苗叶片和侧根生物量最高，而红树林的幼苗茎生物量最高，茎宽高比最低，表明受局部促进和竞争动态的影响，幼苗的生长策略存在差异。随着波浪暴露的增加，所有幼苗都将投资转向地下结构，特别是主根，以及更短、更粗的茎，这表明在高环境胁迫下，不同栖息地的形态趋同。合成。我们的研究结果强调了种内相互作用和环境约束在塑造幼苗形态中的双重影响。虽然促进促进了红树林生境中幼苗的稳定性，但资源（光）限制可能会导致茎黄化。最终，波浪暴露在不同栖息地的生物量分配中施加了功能收敛。这种转变强调了物理压力在构建早期生物量分配策略中的主导作用。这些见解增强了我们对红树林幼苗对环境梯度的反应的理解，并为动态海岸系统的保护策略提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Are diverse forests thirstier? A meta‐analysis reveals no evidence for a consistent effect of species or functional diversity on tree transpiration 多样的森林更渴吗？一项荟萃分析显示，没有证据表明物种或功能多样性对树木蒸腾有一致的影响

IF 5.5 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.70211

Tanvir Ahmed Shovon, Nia Perron, Damien Bonal, Christian Messier, Audrey Maheu

Tree species diversity can enhance forest productivity and resistance to climate extremes but can also increase transpiration rates, potentially exacerbating drought stress. A large variability in the effect of tree diversity on transpiration is found in the literature, and we conducted a meta‐analysis to help better understand drivers of this variability.

We computed effect sizes by comparing tree transpiration of mixed plots to monocultures from 31 studies. We calculated effect sizes at the species (comparison of trees of a given species in monoculture vs. mixed plots) and community (comparison of transpiration by all trees in monoculture vs. mixed plots) levels and assessed the influence of species richness, functional richness, water limitation (drought or regional aridity) and functional identity at the species level.

Our meta‐analysis revealed no overall effect of species or functional diversity on transpiration at the species or community level, instead emphasizing the large variability in the magnitude and direction of effects. Indeed, transpiration's response to diversity was not influenced by species richness nor functional richness, suggesting that these factors are not key drivers of variability on a large scale.

At the species level, wood density and tree type (gymnosperm vs. angiosperm) mediated the effect of diversity on transpiration: under drought conditions, species with low wood density transpired less in mixtures than in monocultures while species with high wood density transpired more in mixtures than in monocultures. For gymnosperms, diversity had a diminishing influence on transpiration, mainly under drought condition.

Synthesis : We found that neither species nor functional diversity had a systematic influence on the effect of diversity on transpiration. Instead, only functional identity was found to exert a driving influence. Overall, much of the variability in transpiration's response to diversity remained unexplained. These results highlight the challenge of predicting the response of transpiration to species mixing, suggesting the need to proactively investigate mixtures through experimentation to anticipate the implications of specific species assemblages on water resource use.

树种多样性可以提高森林生产力和对极端气候的抵抗力，但也可以增加蒸腾速率，可能加剧干旱压力。文献中发现树木多样性对蒸腾的影响存在很大的可变性，我们进行了荟萃分析，以帮助更好地理解这种可变性的驱动因素。我们通过比较31项研究中混合地块和单一地块的树木蒸腾来计算效应值。我们计算了物种（单一栽培与混合栽培中给定物种的树木的比较）和群落（单一栽培与混合栽培中所有树木的蒸腾作用的比较）水平上的效应大小，并评估了物种丰富度、功能丰富度、水分限制（干旱或区域干旱）和功能同一性在物种水平上的影响。我们的荟萃分析显示，在物种或群落水平上，物种或功能多样性对蒸腾没有总体影响，而是强调了影响的幅度和方向的巨大变异性。事实上，蒸腾对多样性的响应不受物种丰富度和功能丰富度的影响，这表明这些因素不是大尺度变异性的关键驱动因素。在物种水平上，木材密度和树种类型（裸子植物与被子植物）介导了多样性对蒸腾的影响：在干旱条件下，木材密度低的树种混合蒸腾量低于单一栽培，而木材密度高的树种混合蒸腾量高于单一栽培。对裸子植物来说，多样性对蒸腾的影响逐渐减弱，尤其是在干旱条件下。综合：我们发现物种多样性和功能多样性都没有系统地影响多样性对蒸腾的影响。相反，只有功能认同被发现发挥驱动影响。总的来说，蒸腾作用对多样性反应的许多可变性仍未得到解释。这些结果突出了预测物种混合对蒸腾的响应的挑战，表明需要通过实验积极研究混合，以预测特定物种组合对水资源利用的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The role of plant phenology in the response of plant productivity to decadal climate warming and cooling 植物物候在植物生产力对年代际气候变暖和变冷响应中的作用

IF 5.5 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.70209

Yao Wei, Yuzhang Li, Mingli Ding, Kunhe Liu, Tianyuan Tan, Huiying Liu, Shiping Wang, Jin‐Sheng He, Xinquan Zhao, Alan E. Watson, Xin Jing, Zhenhua Zhang

Climate change is expected to intensify over the coming decades, potentially exerting substantial impacts on above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP), a key indicator of ecosystem functioning and carbon sequestration. However, decadal cooling phases remain underexplored, and phenology is rarely integrated explicitly as a cascading mediator linking temperature to plant growth and ANPP. Consequently, the long‐term effects of climate change—particularly those associated with cooling phases—remain poorly understood.

Based on a reciprocal transplant experiment initiated in 2007 in an alpine grassland, we measured ANPP, plant growth dynamics, flowering species composition, and phenological events.

After 15 years, ANPP increased under warming but decreased under cooling. However, only the warming effect intensified over time, whereas the cooling effect showed no detectable temporal trend. Importantly, both warming and cooling effects on ANPP were integrated by early‐season phenology. Under warming conditions, earlier leaf‐out and accelerated growth rates corresponded with higher ANPP. However, leaf and flower phenology showed decoupled cascading effects on growth under cooling conditions: delayed leaf‐out inhibited plant growth, while delayed flowering partially mitigated this suppression.

Synthesis . Therefore, extrapolations based solely on short‐term warming manipulations, neglecting both the differences in long‐term warming effects and the cooling phases with their distinct ecological mechanisms, will lead to inaccurate long‐term predictions. Our findings demonstrate that changes in plant phenological events mediate the impacts of decadal climate warming and cooling on ANPP in alpine grasslands, providing more comprehensive insights into how alpine ecosystem carbon cycling may respond to long‐term climate change.

气候变化预计将在未来几十年加剧，可能对地表净初级生产力（ANPP）产生重大影响，这是生态系统功能和碳封存的关键指标。然而，年代际冷却阶段仍未得到充分的研究，物候也很少被明确地整合为温度与植物生长和ANPP之间的级联介质。因此，人们对气候变化的长期影响，特别是与降温阶段相关的影响仍然知之甚少。基于2007年在高寒草地开展的反向移栽试验，我们测量了植物的ANPP、生长动态、开花物种组成和物候事件。15 a后，升温条件下ANPP增加，降温条件下ANPP减少。然而，随着时间的推移，只有变暖效应增强，而冷却效应没有明显的时间趋势。重要的是，增温和降温对ANPP的影响都是由早季物候综合起来的。在变暖条件下，较早的叶片脱落和加速的生长速率与较高的ANPP相对应。然而，在冷却条件下，叶和花的物候特征显示出对生长的解耦级联效应：叶片脱落延迟抑制植物生长，而开花延迟部分减轻了这种抑制。合成。因此，仅仅基于短期变暖操纵的外推，忽略了长期变暖效应和冷却阶段的差异及其独特的生态机制，将导致不准确的长期预测。我们的研究结果表明，植物物候事件的变化介导了年代际气候变暖和变冷对高寒草原ANPP的影响，为高寒草原生态系统碳循环如何响应长期气候变化提供了更全面的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond species richness: Grazing and fertilisation shape temperate grassland stability through distinct diversity effects 超越物种丰富度：放牧和施肥通过不同的多样性效应塑造温带草地的稳定性

IF 5.5 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.70208

Baoshuang Hu, Winira Ilghar, Lina Mo, Chengliang Wang, Wanling Xu, Wei Sun

Alterations in land use, particularly grazing and fertilisation, pose significant threats to the stability of grassland ecosystems. While biodiversity is often associated with ecosystem stability, the precise processes through which various disturbances impact diversity's effects remain incompletely understood.

This investigation delves into the individual and combined impacts of grazing and fertilisation on the temporal stability of community productivity within a temperate meadow steppe. Additionally, the study examines the relationships between these practices, species diversity and specific stabilising effects, including the dominance, asynchrony, averaging and interaction stability effects.

Through 9 years of field experimentation, it was discovered that grazing decreased community stability by reducing above‐ground biomass, while fertilisation partially offset this destabilising effect. Notably, changes in land use predominantly affected stability via their influence on stabilising effects, regardless of species diversity itself. Specifically, stability modifications induced by grazing were primarily related to the dominance effect, whereas those resulting from fertilisation were associated with the asynchrony effect. Moreover, the averaging effect and interaction stability together played a crucial role in driving stability shifts within various land‐use change scenarios. Bayesian structural equation modelling revealed that these stabilising effects exerted a substantial and positive influence on temporal stability.

Synthesis . Our findings emphasise that grazing and fertilisation differentially regulate grassland stability via dominance and asynchrony pathways, respectively. More broadly, our work reveals that land use fundamentally reshapes the architecture of stability, demonstrating that stability is not maintained through a universal mechanism but through context‐dependent pathways shaped by specific environmental pressures. This research enhances the mechanistic understanding of diversity–stability relationships and offers valuable insights for tailored grassland management strategies, such as the integration of moderate nitrogen supplementation with grazing practices to optimise the productivity–stability trade‐offs.

土地利用的改变，特别是放牧和施肥的改变，对草地生态系统的稳定构成重大威胁。虽然生物多样性经常与生态系统的稳定性联系在一起，但各种干扰对多样性影响的确切过程仍不完全清楚。本研究探讨了放牧和施肥对温带草甸草原群落生产力时间稳定性的单独和综合影响。此外，研究还探讨了这些做法、物种多样性和特定稳定效应之间的关系，包括优势效应、异步效应、平均效应和相互作用稳定效应。经过9年的田间试验，发现放牧通过减少地上生物量而降低群落稳定性，而施肥部分抵消了这种不稳定效应。值得注意的是，无论物种多样性本身如何，土地利用变化主要通过其对稳定效应的影响来影响稳定性。放牧引起的稳定性变化主要与显性效应有关，而施肥引起的稳定性变化主要与非同步效应有关。此外，平均效应和相互作用稳定性共同在驱动不同土地利用变化情景下的稳定性变化中发挥了至关重要的作用。贝叶斯结构方程模型表明，这些稳定效应对时间稳定性产生了实质性的积极影响。合成。我们的研究结果强调放牧和施肥分别通过显性途径和非同步途径对草地稳定性进行差异调节。更广泛地说，我们的研究表明，土地利用从根本上重塑了稳定性的架构，表明稳定性不是通过一个普遍的机制来维持的，而是通过特定环境压力形成的依赖于环境的途径来维持的。该研究增强了对多样性-稳定性关系的机制理解，并为定制化草原管理策略提供了有价值的见解，例如将适度补氮与放牧实践相结合，以优化生产力-稳定性权衡。

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引用次数: 0

Stronger fertile island patterns enhance plant facilitation in drylands, regardless of overall ecosystem fertility 无论整体生态系统的肥力如何，更肥沃的岛屿格局都能促进旱地植物的生长

IF 5.5 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.70206

Victoria Inés Giachetti, Facundo Alcides Decunta, Magdalena Druille, Martín Roberto Aguiar

Plant facilitation is a central process structuring arid ecosystems, where soil nutrients play a key role. However, it remains unclear whether the heterogeneity and availability of soil nutrients are linked to facilitation intensity at a global scale.

Here, we tested two hypotheses: (i) that facilitation intensity increases with stronger fertile island patterns (higher nutrient heterogeneity at the microsite level) and (ii) that it decreases with increasing overall ecosystem soil fertility (higher nutrient availability at the ecosystem level) across drylands.

To test these hypotheses, we conducted a meta‐analysis based on 94 observations from 27 studies that jointly measured plant facilitation and the fertile island effect for nitrogen and/or phosphorus in drylands.

According to our first hypothesis, we found that facilitation intensity increased with stronger fertile island patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus. However, contrary to our second hypothesis, facilitation intensity did not respond to ecosystem fertility. This indicates that facilitation intensity increases as the difference in soil nutrient concentration between nurse and open microsites becomes larger, independently of overall ecosystem fertility.

Synthesis . Our study provides novel insights into the role of soil nutrients in plant facilitation in dryland ecosystems. Our findings highlight that the strength of the fertile island effect is a key ecosystem feature mediating facilitation intensity, regardless of overall ecosystem fertility. These findings emphasize the need to investigate how soil degradation processes could alter fertile island patterns and facilitation processes in drylands.

植物促进是构建干旱生态系统的核心过程，其中土壤养分起着关键作用。然而，目前尚不清楚土壤养分的异质性和可用性是否与全球范围内的促进强度有关。在这里，我们测试了两个假设：(i)促进强度随着肥沃岛屿模式的增强而增加（微站点水平上更高的养分异质性）；（ii）随着旱地整体生态系统土壤肥力的增加而降低（生态系统水平上更高的养分有效性）。为了验证这些假设，我们对来自27项研究的94项观察结果进行了荟萃分析，这些研究共同测量了旱地植物对氮和/或磷的促进作用和肥沃岛效应。根据我们的第一个假设，我们发现促进强度随着氮和磷的肥沃岛模式的增强而增加。然而，与我们的第二个假设相反，促进强度对生态系统肥力没有响应。这表明，促进强度随土壤养分浓度差异的增大而增加，而与生态系统总体肥力无关。合成。我们的研究为土壤养分在旱地生态系统中促进植物生长的作用提供了新的见解。我们的研究结果强调，无论整体生态系统的肥力如何，肥沃岛效应的强度是调节促进强度的关键生态系统特征。这些发现强调需要调查土壤退化过程如何改变旱地肥沃岛屿的格局和促进过程。

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引用次数: 0

Seeing the forest for all the trees: Mycorrhizal‐associated nutrient economies are modulated by stem density and the synchrony between overstorey and understorey communities 看到所有树木的森林：菌根相关的营养经济受茎密度和上层和下层群落之间的同步性调节

IF 5.5 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.70191

Adam M. Weiler, Matthew E. Craig, Daniel J. Johnson, Young E. Oh, Ashley K. Lang, Elizabeth Huenupi, Keith Clay, Richard P. Phillips

Identifying relationships between plant communities and soil characteristics is a critical step in understanding the consequences of species gains and losses in ecosystems. The mycorrhizal associated nutrient economy (MANE) hypothesis predicts that the degree to which tree species and their mycorrhizal associates affect soil properties is driven by the relative dominance of different mycorrhizal types (often measured by relative basal area). While this approach emphasizes the importance of canopy trees, it does not account for how other factors (e.g. the density and composition of understorey trees) may alter tree–soil relationships.

We analysed tree–soil data from an eastern deciduous forest in southern Indiana, USA that contains >29,000 georeferenced stems, including 21 species that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and 14 that associate with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. We sampled soils (upper 5 cm) from across the plot and modelled soil characteristics to tree communities. Given differences in soil characteristics among AM‐dominated and ECM‐dominated neighbourhoods, we hypothesized that relationships between tree‐mycorrhizal dominance and soils would be affected by both the density of stems in the plot (owing to ‘Zinke’ individual plant effects) and composition of the understorey trees (owing to ‘trait divergence effects’)

In support of our Zinke hypothesis, we found that the relationships between tree‐mycorrhizal dominance and soil variables (soil pH, nitrification rates and carbon to nitrogen ratio) were strengthened as stand density increased. In support of the trait divergence hypothesis, we found that as the mismatch between overstorey and understorey composition increased (e.g. AM‐dominated understories beneath ECM‐dominated overstories and vice versa), the relationship between tree dominance and soil variables weakened. We were able to use these insights to create mycorrhizal metrics to predict soil variables that were sensitive to the structural composition of neighbourhoods.

Synthesis . Our results indicate that relationships between plants and soils in forests are not only shaped by dominant overstorey trees but also the density and composition of understorey trees. Thus, efforts to predict the ecosystem consequences of species gains and losses may benefit from considering these elements of forest structure and not only the basal area of the dominant trees.

确定植物群落与土壤特征之间的关系是理解生态系统中物种得失后果的关键一步。菌根相关养分经济（MANE）假说预测，树种及其菌根伴生菌对土壤性质的影响程度是由不同菌根类型的相对优势所驱动的（通常用相对基底面积来衡量）。虽然这种方法强调了树冠树的重要性，但它没有考虑到其他因素（例如林下树木的密度和组成）如何改变树土关系。我们分析了来自美国印第安纳州南部东部落叶森林的树木-土壤数据，其中包含29,000个地理参考茎，包括21个与丛枝菌根（AM）真菌相关的物种和14个与外生菌根（ECM）真菌相关的物种。我们从整个样地取样土壤（上部5厘米），模拟土壤特征到树木群落。考虑到AM -显性和ECM -显性社区土壤特征的差异，我们假设树木-菌根优势与土壤之间的关系将受到地块茎密度（由于“Zinke”单株效应）和林下树木组成（由于“性状分化效应”）的影响。为了支持我们的Zinke假设，我们发现树木-菌根优势与土壤变量(土壤pH、随着林分密度的增加，硝化速率和碳氮比均增强。为了支持性状分化假说，我们发现，随着上层和下层组成之间不匹配的增加（例如，AM -显性下层与ECM -显性上层之间的不匹配，反之亦然），树木优势度与土壤变量之间的关系减弱。我们能够利用这些见解来创建菌根指标，以预测对社区结构组成敏感的土壤变量。合成。研究结果表明，森林植物与土壤的关系不仅受林下优势乔木的影响，还受林下乔木密度和组成的影响。因此，在预测物种得失对生态系统的影响时，考虑到森林结构的这些要素，而不仅仅是优势树种的基底面积，可能会有所帮助。

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引用次数: 0

Loss of resource‐conservative species affects plant phylogenetic and functional structure under long‐term snow addition 长期加雪条件下，资源保守型物种的丧失会影响植物的系统发育和功能结构

IF 5.5 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.70202

Qianxin Jiang, Gyal Skalsang, Juntao Zhu, Xian Yang, Yunlong He, Ge Hou, Yangjian Zhang, Tsechoe Dorji, Marc W. Cadotte, Lin Jiang

Climate change and human activities are increasingly influencing ecological communities. Within this context, increasing extreme snow events and persistent livestock grazing are known to pose significant challenges to alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau. However, the mechanisms driving long‐term community assembly and structural changes under these concurrent pressures remain unclear.

Here, we used a 16‐year field experiment in a Tibetan alpine grassland to investigate the effects of spring snow addition and yak grazing on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional community diversity and structure.

We found that snow addition was the primary driver of community structure, while the effects of grazing were less pronounced. Specifically, snow addition shifted the phylogenetic structure from being random to overdispersed. This shift was driven by the selective loss of species with conservative resource‐use strategies (i.e. those with high leaf dry matter content [LDMC] and low‐specific leaf area), which were phylogenetically more closely related to the residents than were the gained species. In contrast, communities remained functionally clustered under all treatments. This resulted from opposing structural shifts in individual traits, where LDMC became more overdispersed, while plant height and leaf nitrogen content (LNC) became more clustered, driven by the loss of taller species and the gain of species with low LNC. This decoupling between phylogenetic and functional responses suggests that environmental filtering selects for convergent functional adaptations among phylogenetically distant species.

Synthesis . Our findings highlight the importance of considering multi‐faceted diversity metrics when exploring community assembly and provide the first experimental evidence that long‐term snow addition reshapes plant phylogenetic community structure on the Tibetan Plateau. Importantly, the loss of conservative species suggests that altered snow regimes may potentially shift key ecosystem functions in alpine grasslands. Our findings also demonstrate that integrating species gain and loss is essential for a predictive understanding of long‐term community dynamics under global change.

气候变化和人类活动对生态群落的影响越来越大。然而，在这些共同压力下驱动长期社区聚集和结构变化的机制尚不清楚。结果表明，加雪是群落结构的主要驱动力，放牧对群落结构的影响不明显。具体来说，雪的加入使系统发育结构从随机转变为过度分散。这种转变是由具有保守资源利用策略的物种（即具有高叶片干物质含量和低比叶面积的物种）的选择性丧失所驱动的，这些物种在系统发育上与居民的关系比获得的物种更密切。相比之下，在所有处理下，群落仍保持功能聚集。这是由于个体性状的结构变化相反，在高种的损失和低种的增加的驱动下，LDMC变得更加分散，而株高和叶氮含量（LNC）变得更加聚集。系统发育和功能反应之间的这种分离表明，环境过滤选择了系统发育上遥远物种之间的趋同功能适应。合成。重要的是，保守物种的消失表明，雪况的改变可能会改变高山草原的关键生态系统功能。我们的研究结果还表明，整合物种的增减对于预测全球变化下的长期群落动态至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive trait divergence of annual plants in response to urban habitat diversity in a megacity 特大城市一年生植物对城市生境多样性的适应性状分化

IF 5.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.70193

Nakata Taichi, Naoyuki Nakahama, Nobuko Ohmido, Atushi Ushimaru

城市发展导致的人为生境变化极大地改变了植物的生境。尽管城市化创造了多样化的栖息地类型，但这种多样性对植物性状多样化的影响仍然知之甚少。本研究在日本京都-大阪-神户特大城市沿城乡梯度分布的不同生境类型，包括农村农业用地、城市农业用地、公园和路边，利用23个Commelina communis种群的种子建立了一个共同的园林实验。我们评估了4个非生物因子，测量了8个功能性状和生物量，并评估了农村和城市栖息地类型的环境差异和性状分化。此外，我们还进行了群体遗传分析，比较了数量遗传性状分化（Q ST）和中性遗传分化（F ST），旨在揭示潜在的城市适应分化。由于周围已开发土地的增加，城市生境普遍表现出较高的土壤pH值和地表温度，与农村生境相比，城市公园的阴影更大，路边更干燥。城市人口，特别是路边人口，与农村人口相比，表现出明显的株高增加、株高/株宽比较大、茎叶较少和/或叶片较大等特征。此外，城市农用地种群相对于其他城市种群表现出延迟开花物候特征。较高的地表温度增加了植株高度和叶片大小，但减少了芽数，而较高的开放度和/或土壤pH值促进了较高的高/宽比和叶片大小的增加。在较高的开放度和表面温度下，开花物候延迟。qst - fst比较以及性状与环境因子之间的关系强烈表明，对炎热、阴凉和/或富营养化城市环境的局部适应驱动了不同城市人口之间观察到的性状差异。合成。将Q ST - F ST的比较与栖息地环境调查和普通园林实验相结合，可以为不同城市生境中形成性状响应的局部适应和中性进化的相对重要性提供新的见解。城市生境多样性提供了环境多样性，从而推动了开花植物在农村和城市种群之间的适应性状差异。

引用次数: 0