Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01313-4
Lei Wang, Junshui Long, Deliang Chen, Ning Li, Xiuping Li, Tandong Yao
The mountainous Third Pole is a critical source of freshwater for water resource management across Asia, yet the historical and future dynamics of per-capita freshwater supply in this region remain poorly constrained by observations from a coherent, pan-regional perspective. Here, we show that by the end of the 21st century, mountain runoff in the Third Pole’s monsoon domain will increase substantially, whereas runoff in the westerlies domain will experience a non-significant decline. This finding challenges the prevailing paradigm that future runoff across the entire Third Pole will follow a unidirectional increasing trend as future precipitation. Regarding long-term freshwater availability till the end-of-21-century (1960‒2100), although mountain runoff shows a contrasting pattern with increase (decrease) at first and then decrease (increase) in the westerlies (monsoon) domain, the per-capita freshwater supply (for mountain basins and their downstream dependent regions) drops a lot in both westerlies and monsoon domains from the past (1960‒1970) to the near future (2030‒2050) due to rapid population increase. These findings provide vital information to cope with fast-growing water demands and achieve Sustainable Development Goals.
{"title":"Divergent mountain runoff dynamics but declining per capita freshwater availability across the Third Pole by mid-21st century","authors":"Lei Wang, Junshui Long, Deliang Chen, Ning Li, Xiuping Li, Tandong Yao","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01313-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01313-4","url":null,"abstract":"The mountainous Third Pole is a critical source of freshwater for water resource management across Asia, yet the historical and future dynamics of per-capita freshwater supply in this region remain poorly constrained by observations from a coherent, pan-regional perspective. Here, we show that by the end of the 21st century, mountain runoff in the Third Pole’s monsoon domain will increase substantially, whereas runoff in the westerlies domain will experience a non-significant decline. This finding challenges the prevailing paradigm that future runoff across the entire Third Pole will follow a unidirectional increasing trend as future precipitation. Regarding long-term freshwater availability till the end-of-21-century (1960‒2100), although mountain runoff shows a contrasting pattern with increase (decrease) at first and then decrease (increase) in the westerlies (monsoon) domain, the per-capita freshwater supply (for mountain basins and their downstream dependent regions) drops a lot in both westerlies and monsoon domains from the past (1960‒1970) to the near future (2030‒2050) due to rapid population increase. These findings provide vital information to cope with fast-growing water demands and achieve Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01254-y
Youping Chen, Feng Chen, Mao Hu, Xiaoen Zhao, Honghua Cao, Shijie Wang, Jan Esper, Ulf Büntgen, Max C. A. Torbenson, Tiyuan Hou, Hongfan Xu, Yufeng Lin
{"title":"Unprecedented recent summer warming and cross-sphere hydrological coupling in Asian Water Towers","authors":"Youping Chen, Feng Chen, Mao Hu, Xiaoen Zhao, Honghua Cao, Shijie Wang, Jan Esper, Ulf Büntgen, Max C. A. Torbenson, Tiyuan Hou, Hongfan Xu, Yufeng Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01254-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01254-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01259-7
S. Abhik, Fabio A. Capitanio, B. N. Goswami, Alexander Farnsworth, Peter Clift, Dietmar Dommenget
The evolution of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) over geological timescale remains uncertain1,2,3 despite its fundamental role in shaping regional climate4,5, ecosystems6,7, and civilizations8. Using a series of time-slice simulations with a paleo-climate model, we assess how India–Eurasia collision tectonics9,10, Tibetan Plateau (TP) uplift11,12, and atmospheric CO2 variability13 influenced ASM evolution through the Cenozoic. Our simulation-based results suggest that ASM intensification was contingent on the TP exceeding an areal mean elevation of ~ 3.5 km in the late Eocene–Oligocene (27–38 million years ago, Ma), which strengthened the upper-tropospheric temperature gradient, promoted the seasonal northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and restructured atmospheric circulation. Initially confined to East Asia14, monsoonal rainfall expanded across South Asia by the Oligocene, coinciding with enhanced circulation and reversing the meridional relative sea surface temperature gradient in the Neotethys. While TP uplift played the primary role in early ASM evolution, declining atmospheric CO2 levels became increasingly influential after the late Miocene. These findings, supported by sedimentary records of weathering and erosion15,16, underscore the dominant role of TP in climate–tectonic interactions and ASM evolution over geological timescales.
{"title":"A brief history of Asian summer monsoon evolution in the Cenozoic era","authors":"S. Abhik, Fabio A. Capitanio, B. N. Goswami, Alexander Farnsworth, Peter Clift, Dietmar Dommenget","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01259-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01259-7","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) over geological timescale remains uncertain1,2,3 despite its fundamental role in shaping regional climate4,5, ecosystems6,7, and civilizations8. Using a series of time-slice simulations with a paleo-climate model, we assess how India–Eurasia collision tectonics9,10, Tibetan Plateau (TP) uplift11,12, and atmospheric CO2 variability13 influenced ASM evolution through the Cenozoic. Our simulation-based results suggest that ASM intensification was contingent on the TP exceeding an areal mean elevation of ~ 3.5 km in the late Eocene–Oligocene (27–38 million years ago, Ma), which strengthened the upper-tropospheric temperature gradient, promoted the seasonal northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and restructured atmospheric circulation. Initially confined to East Asia14, monsoonal rainfall expanded across South Asia by the Oligocene, coinciding with enhanced circulation and reversing the meridional relative sea surface temperature gradient in the Neotethys. While TP uplift played the primary role in early ASM evolution, declining atmospheric CO2 levels became increasingly influential after the late Miocene. These findings, supported by sedimentary records of weathering and erosion15,16, underscore the dominant role of TP in climate–tectonic interactions and ASM evolution over geological timescales.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01305-4
Bernadette Rosati, Jane Tygesen Skønager, Marat Bektassov, Zihui Teng, Marianne Glasius, Marta Barbato, Merete Bilde, Kasper Vita Kristensen, Sylvie V. M. Tesson
{"title":"Aerosolisation of microalgae: unveiling dimethyl-sulfide emissions during bubbling","authors":"Bernadette Rosati, Jane Tygesen Skønager, Marat Bektassov, Zihui Teng, Marianne Glasius, Marta Barbato, Merete Bilde, Kasper Vita Kristensen, Sylvie V. M. Tesson","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01305-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01305-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01306-3
Daeha Kim, Minha Choi
Offline aridity and drought diagnostics typically project widespread terrestrial drying under climate change, whereas fully coupled Earth system models (ESMs) often simulate modest or regionally heterogeneous changes—and in some regions increasing—runoff. This long-standing divergence has been attributed largely to missing vegetation physiological effects and the neglect of sub-annual climate variability in offline diagnostic frameworks. Here, we show that a more fundamental issue is the violation of the diagnostic framework’s structural requirement that potential evapotranspiration (PET) and precipitation (P) act as independent climatic constraints. Using Penman and Penman–Monteith formulations, each with and without thermodynamic deflation via the complementary evaporation principle (CEP), we demonstrate that land–atmosphere feedbacks embedded in conventional PET estimates induce strong negative P–PET correlations (−0.45 ± 0.29; mean ± standard deviation) across land surfaces, which collapse toward near zero (−0.02 ± 0.42) after CEP deflation. Preserving PET–P independence substantially reduces inflation of the aridity index and brings offline diagnostic ET trends closer to ESM projections under a strong-emission scenario (from +0.61 to +0.39 mm yr−2; ESM mean: +0.28 mm yr−2). These results indicate that structural inconsistencies—rather than missing physiological processes alone—play a central role in the mismatch between offline diagnostics and ESM hydrology. Ensuring that PET is not inflated by land–atmosphere feedbacks is therefore essential for theoretically valid offline hydrologic assessments under a warming climate.
离线干旱和干旱诊断通常预测气候变化下广泛的陆地干旱，而完全耦合的地球系统模型（esm）通常模拟适度或区域异质变化（在某些地区增加径流）。这种长期存在的差异在很大程度上归因于离线诊断框架中缺少植被生理效应和忽视亚年际气候变率。在这里，我们表明一个更根本的问题是违反了诊断框架的结构要求，即潜在蒸散（PET）和降水(P)作为独立的气候约束。使用Penman和Penman - monteith公式，通过补充蒸发原理（CEP），每种公式都有或没有热力学通货紧缩，我们证明了嵌入在传统PET估计中的陆地-大气反馈在陆地表面上引起强烈的负P-PET相关性（- 0.45±0.29；平均值±标准差），在CEP通货紧缩后，它们崩溃到接近零（- 0.02±0.42）。保持PET-P的独立性大大降低了干旱指数的膨胀，并使离线诊断ET趋势更接近强排放情景下的ESM预测（从+0.61到+0.39 mm /年−2；ESM平均值：+0.28 mm /年−2）。这些结果表明，结构上的不一致——而不仅仅是生理过程的缺失——在离线诊断和ESM水文之间的不匹配中起着核心作用。因此，确保PET不因陆地-大气反馈而膨胀，对于气候变暖下理论上有效的离线水文评估至关重要。
{"title":"A structural correction to atmospheric evaporative demand narrows the gap between offline aridity diagnostics and Earth system model projections","authors":"Daeha Kim, Minha Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01306-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01306-3","url":null,"abstract":"Offline aridity and drought diagnostics typically project widespread terrestrial drying under climate change, whereas fully coupled Earth system models (ESMs) often simulate modest or regionally heterogeneous changes—and in some regions increasing—runoff. This long-standing divergence has been attributed largely to missing vegetation physiological effects and the neglect of sub-annual climate variability in offline diagnostic frameworks. Here, we show that a more fundamental issue is the violation of the diagnostic framework’s structural requirement that potential evapotranspiration (PET) and precipitation (P) act as independent climatic constraints. Using Penman and Penman–Monteith formulations, each with and without thermodynamic deflation via the complementary evaporation principle (CEP), we demonstrate that land–atmosphere feedbacks embedded in conventional PET estimates induce strong negative P–PET correlations (−0.45 ± 0.29; mean ± standard deviation) across land surfaces, which collapse toward near zero (−0.02 ± 0.42) after CEP deflation. Preserving PET–P independence substantially reduces inflation of the aridity index and brings offline diagnostic ET trends closer to ESM projections under a strong-emission scenario (from +0.61 to +0.39 mm yr−2; ESM mean: +0.28 mm yr−2). These results indicate that structural inconsistencies—rather than missing physiological processes alone—play a central role in the mismatch between offline diagnostics and ESM hydrology. Ensuring that PET is not inflated by land–atmosphere feedbacks is therefore essential for theoretically valid offline hydrologic assessments under a warming climate.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01299-z
Jian Ma, Biao Feng, Robin Chadwick, Dongxiao Wang, Guihua Wang, Chen Zhou, Jun Ying, Xiao Guo
The projected increase in the sea surface temperature (SST) into the 21st century exhibits a robust southeastern minimum (SEM) pattern in the subtropical Pacific. Despite the agreement between observations and climate models, this pattern remains poorly addressed, with gaps in the proposed mechanisms. Here, we discover a novel air-sea interaction responsible for SEM formation, associated with the changes in the South Pacific subtropical anticyclone (SPSA) and seeded by both the direct CO2 effect and poleward expansion of the tropics. A spatially uniform SST increase leads to anomalous southeasterly winds that can cause cooling in the southern SEM region because of a southwestward shift in the SPSA. With direct CO2 forcing and SST pattern change, an SPSA intensification extends these wind patterns further north to cover the entire SEM. During extension, an anomalous anticyclone is generated by the negative SST anomaly and is vertically inclined southwards by tropospheric warming in the subtropics, due to distinct atmospheric dynamics associated with increasing dry stability. This drives evaporative heat loss over the previously cooled ocean and sustains the SEM SST-wind complex, which is enhanced by cloud feedback. Such an interactive loop is manifested as a single hemisphere wind-evaporation-SST feedback, rather than a cross-equatorial process.
{"title":"Single hemisphere air-sea interaction shapes the South Pacific surface warming and wind change","authors":"Jian Ma, Biao Feng, Robin Chadwick, Dongxiao Wang, Guihua Wang, Chen Zhou, Jun Ying, Xiao Guo","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01299-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01299-z","url":null,"abstract":"The projected increase in the sea surface temperature (SST) into the 21st century exhibits a robust southeastern minimum (SEM) pattern in the subtropical Pacific. Despite the agreement between observations and climate models, this pattern remains poorly addressed, with gaps in the proposed mechanisms. Here, we discover a novel air-sea interaction responsible for SEM formation, associated with the changes in the South Pacific subtropical anticyclone (SPSA) and seeded by both the direct CO2 effect and poleward expansion of the tropics. A spatially uniform SST increase leads to anomalous southeasterly winds that can cause cooling in the southern SEM region because of a southwestward shift in the SPSA. With direct CO2 forcing and SST pattern change, an SPSA intensification extends these wind patterns further north to cover the entire SEM. During extension, an anomalous anticyclone is generated by the negative SST anomaly and is vertically inclined southwards by tropospheric warming in the subtropics, due to distinct atmospheric dynamics associated with increasing dry stability. This drives evaporative heat loss over the previously cooled ocean and sustains the SEM SST-wind complex, which is enhanced by cloud feedback. Such an interactive loop is manifested as a single hemisphere wind-evaporation-SST feedback, rather than a cross-equatorial process.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01272-w
Abin Thomas, Asta Laasonen, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Toprak Aslan, Wu Sun, Paulina Dukat, Yann Salmon, Roderick Dewar, Pasi Kolari, Kadmiel Maseyk, Timo Vesala, Ivan Mammarella
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is gaining interest as a proxy for gross primary productivity (GPP). Thinning of the Hyytiälä (Finland) forest in the winter of 2019–2020 altered the response of COS fluxes to environmental conditions in the summer of 2021. For the first time, extended periods of ecosystem-scale COS emissions were observed in a boreal forest. The warm and dry conditions in the summer of 2021 reduced the COS uptake by the canopy and elevated soil abiotic COS production. However, the reduction in canopy uptake and the increase in soil production do not fully explain the observed ecosystem-level emissions. The analysis suggests an unidentified, homogeneously distributed COS source in the eddy covariance footprint area, potentially from the photodegradation of forest floor litter and cutting residue from thinning. Such a source in a boreal forest stand warrants further source apportionment studies to effectively use COS as a proxy for GPP.
{"title":"Examining anomalous summer carbonyl sulfide emissions in a boreal forest after thinning","authors":"Abin Thomas, Asta Laasonen, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Toprak Aslan, Wu Sun, Paulina Dukat, Yann Salmon, Roderick Dewar, Pasi Kolari, Kadmiel Maseyk, Timo Vesala, Ivan Mammarella","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01272-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01272-w","url":null,"abstract":"Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is gaining interest as a proxy for gross primary productivity (GPP). Thinning of the Hyytiälä (Finland) forest in the winter of 2019–2020 altered the response of COS fluxes to environmental conditions in the summer of 2021. For the first time, extended periods of ecosystem-scale COS emissions were observed in a boreal forest. The warm and dry conditions in the summer of 2021 reduced the COS uptake by the canopy and elevated soil abiotic COS production. However, the reduction in canopy uptake and the increase in soil production do not fully explain the observed ecosystem-level emissions. The analysis suggests an unidentified, homogeneously distributed COS source in the eddy covariance footprint area, potentially from the photodegradation of forest floor litter and cutting residue from thinning. Such a source in a boreal forest stand warrants further source apportionment studies to effectively use COS as a proxy for GPP.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01304-5
Lucy Hendrickson, Leonel Romero, Penny Vlahos
The air-sea interface is a major climate control for our planet. At high winds this boundary layer becomes turbulent and challenging to parameterize. Sea spray is only now emerging as an important but unaccounted for parameter in air-sea models. Here we apply state-of-the-art air-sea surface sea spray generation models coupled to a carbonate system model to predict the spray-driven flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas between the atmosphere and ocean at various wind speeds and sea states. When these droplets are injected into air, they experience gas exchange affected by both temperature equilibration and evaporation. The latter process leads to a super-saline and acidic droplet that removes dissolved inorganic carbonate and bicarbonate, chemically converting them to additional CO2 and thereby evading more CO2 than is predicted by traditional models that do not consider this process. At 40% evaporation, the droplet evicts all its dissolved inorganic carbon, which is a 100-fold increase in potential CO2 evasion. Evaporating sea spray acts as a significant feedback to ocean CO2 uptake and could serve important roles in episodic storm events and over longer planetary timescales.
{"title":"Sea spray driven CO2 efflux: modeling the effect of sea spray evaporation on carbonate chemistry and air-sea gas exchange","authors":"Lucy Hendrickson, Leonel Romero, Penny Vlahos","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01304-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01304-5","url":null,"abstract":"The air-sea interface is a major climate control for our planet. At high winds this boundary layer becomes turbulent and challenging to parameterize. Sea spray is only now emerging as an important but unaccounted for parameter in air-sea models. Here we apply state-of-the-art air-sea surface sea spray generation models coupled to a carbonate system model to predict the spray-driven flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas between the atmosphere and ocean at various wind speeds and sea states. When these droplets are injected into air, they experience gas exchange affected by both temperature equilibration and evaporation. The latter process leads to a super-saline and acidic droplet that removes dissolved inorganic carbonate and bicarbonate, chemically converting them to additional CO2 and thereby evading more CO2 than is predicted by traditional models that do not consider this process. At 40% evaporation, the droplet evicts all its dissolved inorganic carbon, which is a 100-fold increase in potential CO2 evasion. Evaporating sea spray acts as a significant feedback to ocean CO2 uptake and could serve important roles in episodic storm events and over longer planetary timescales.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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