Nutrition reviews最新文献

Context: Wasting is a key indicator of child survival and well-being. Enhancing practices related to infant and young child feeding (IYCF) is a suggested strategy to mitigate mortality risks and enhance nutritional conditions associated with wasting. Interventions centered on behavioral modifications through IYCF counseling hold promise in increasing the effectiveness of IYCF practices.

Objective: In this review we sought to study the impact of intensive IYCF counseling interventions for preventing wasting and nutritional edema among infants and children up to 5 years of age.

Data sources: We searched 9 electronic databases for articles published up to July 2021, and conducted an updated search on Ovid MEDLINE and MEDLINE for articles published until April 13, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the review.

Data extraction: Two review authors independently assessed the search results, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias.

Data analysis: Our outcomes included prevalence of wasting and underweight, deterioration to severe wasting, anthropometric outcomes (weight-for-height z-score, weight-for-age z-score) and child morbidity and mortality. We summarized the findings of this review for primary outcomes according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. A total of 10 studies from 17 records were found to be eligible for inclusion, and all of these studies were meta-analyzed. Evidence suggests that compared to controls, IYCF counseling is likely to have little to no impact on the prevalence of wasting (relative risk [RR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.83-1.04; 10 studies; GRADE: moderate). Intensive IYCF counseling had little to no impact on WHZ, MUAC, or WAZ and had an uncertain impact on the prevalence of diarrhea, fever, cough, and underweight (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97; 8 studies; GRADE: very low).

Conclusion: Nutrition education and counseling showed uncertain GRADE evidence on reducing prevalence of underweight but had no association with wasting. The findings of this review warrant further studies to investigate the impact of IYCF counseling on child morbidity.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration No. CRD42021277429.

Context: Milk and dairy products are rich in protein components, including bioactive peptides and proteins that may play crucial roles in influencing human health. Despite extensive research on the nutritional profile and bioactive components of milk, there is no consensus on the presence or absence of milk-derived proteins or peptides in the blood post-consumption of milk or dairy products. Many studies have identified milk-derived proteins or peptides from blood, but there is no existing catalog of all the proteins and peptides found from the blood matrix. Various types of study design exist, but they consider several types of animals, feed sources, and other variables. In addition, there is currently no existing catalog, or review, encompassing all milk-derived proteins and peptides found in blood, or the methods for identifying them from a blood matrix.

Objective: The objective of this article was to create a comprehensive list of milk-derived proteins and peptides detected in blood after digestion of milk or other dairy products.

Data sources: A search strategy was developed and adapted for each database searched (Web of Science and PubMed) and for the gray literature search (Google Scholar). Additionally, the references for all review papers identified by the searches were screened for potential inclusion.

Data extraction: Studies were reviewed for relevance by at least 2 authors independently. Relevant studies underwent data extraction and were evaluated for risk of bias by 1 researcher. The articles were managed in COVIDENCE. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessments were performed in Excel.

Data analysis: A total of 108 studies were included, of which 102 detected milk-derived proteins or peptides in blood, mainly intact immunoglobulin G (IgG), β-lactoglobulin (BLG), α-lactalbumin (ALA), and casein peptides.

Conclusion: This review will inform researchers about (i) established milk-derived proteins and peptides that can be found in blood from consuming dairy, (ii) bioactive milk-derived peptides with potential to exert bioactivity systemically, and (iii) what methods are optimal for use in identifying absorbed proteins and peptides.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023476956.

Background: Non-oil-seed pulses offer a plant-based source of dietary protein and further nutritionally valuable nutrients such as essential micronutrients and dietary fiber, making them a key component of sustainable diets emphasizing plant protein. They are also a relevant dietary source of carbohydrates with a low glycemic index.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the acute effects of a variety of non-oil-seed pulses on various parameters of cardiometabolic health, hunger, and satiety.

Methods: In this systematic review, a literature search in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases was conducted, and 40 human intervention studies were identified that investigated the effects of non-oil-seed pulses on postprandial metabolic events.

Results: Most of the articles in this review reported that non-oil-seed pulses cause lower glucose (28 of 40 studies) and insulin (16 of 24 studies) responses than other starchy foods in the control groups (mainly wheat-flour-based products or white rice). These results were reported for a variety of non-oil-seed pulses and pulse products. Additionally, 3 of 5 studies found a significantly reduced feeling of hunger following meals enriched with pulses compared with the control meal, while the remaining 2 studies found a nonsignificant reduction. Although the studies examining satiety and fullness found increased satiation following pulse-enriched meals, only 1 of 6 studies found a significantly greater increase in satiety compared with the control, and 3 of 6 studies found a significantly greater increase in fullness. Other study variables, such as parameters of lipid metabolism and vascular function, have only been investigated in a few studies, and those studies mostly reported no significant effects.

Conclusion: This systematic review confirmed that non-oil-seed pulses can attenuate postprandial glycemia and lipemia and can therefore be classified as low-glycemic food. Future human intervention studies should focus on the acute and chronic effects of non-oil-seed pulses on further health-related parameters, such as inflammatory markers and vascular function.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023471539.

The application of dietary quality indices (DQIs) is limited by inconsistent methods and suboptimal reporting, but the effect of index composition heterogeneity on the strength of disease associations is not clear. A scoping review was carried out to identify evidence on the most common disease-related DQIs and assess the heterogeneity of their application and its possible implications. We systematically identified umbrella reviews, systematic reviews, and primary studies that investigated the association of DQIs with all-cause mortality, risk of or mortality from cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer among adults. Compositions of the prioritized DQIs were explored in primary studies and the degree of deviance from the original DQI versions was quantified. A meta-regression was conducted to investigate the association between the degree of score modification and disease risk estimates. From 175 eligible primary studies, 51 DQIs were identified and retrieved from 20 systematic reviews included in 2 umbrella reviews. The most common indices were the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet scores), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Higher diet quality reflected by these indices was associated with beneficial health outcomes in 17 meta-analyses. Heterogeneity of MedDiet scores was not considered, because it has been addressed in previous reviews. Substantial heterogeneity was identified in the remaining DQI applications. Among studies that reported composition details, AHEI-2010 and DII were modified in almost all studies, and DASH and HEI-2015 in half of the studies. The underlying reasons were mainly related to population- and study-specific characteristics. DQI modifications did not appear to substantially influence the direction or strength of associations with mortality and disease risk. However, heterogeneity of index composition and its suboptimal reporting limit the reproducibility and comparability of results from studies on DQIs and health outcomes, and standard applications are preferred.

In this review we sought to map the body of published literature on the role of oral probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in maintaining and optimizing skin health and function and preventing and managing skin conditions throughout the life course. Globally, the burden of skin diseases is considerable. Diet is a modifiable risk factor for many dermatological conditions, and one mechanism by which nutrition influences skin health is through the gut microbiome. Oral probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have the potential to improve skin health, delay skin aging, and successfully treat dermatological diseases. We developed a scoping review protocol in accordance with the Johanna Briggs Institute methodology. Six online databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature, and non-peer-reviewed sources were also considered. All records were screened independently by 2 reviewers using predefined eligibility criteria. A total of 516 studies were included in the scoping review, comprising 73 systematic reviews. Most studies investigated probiotics (n = 401). Infants (0-12 months old) and adults (18-60 years old) were the age groups most frequently receiving supplementation with probiotics (42% [n = 114] and 41% [n = 112] of human studies, respectively), whereas only 15% of studies (n = 41) comprised adults participants older than 60 years. Of the skin diseases investigated, atopic dermatitis was the most extensively researched (n = 330 studies), followed by psoriasis (n = 24), and acne (n = 23). Skin health and function in healthy populations is a growing area of research; outcomes related to wrinkling, elasticity, aging, or UV irradiation response accounted for 54 studies. Consistencies in the evidence base found in our investigation underscore the need for an umbrella review on oral probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics and atopic dermatitis, as well as a systematic review on skin aging. Preliminary evidence for roles in managing rosacea, alopecia, and melasma suggests additional research avenues. Future studies should consider participant diets, probiotic strain and dose reporting, and inclusivity of populations and languages.

Lipedema, a chronic condition primarily affecting women, is characterized by abnormal subcutaneous fat accumulation and swelling in the extremities (while sparing the hands, feet, and trunk). This disease is associated with genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, impaired lymphatic function, and vascular dysfunction. Lipedema does not directly cause weight gain, but excess weight can worsen symptoms and accelerate disease progression. Bariatric surgery is considered a treatment option for body weight management and reduction of subcutaneous fat; however, reported studies have indicated that this treatment cannot reduce localized fat accumulation or fat cell hypertrophy or alleviate pain symptoms. Although no proven dietary treatment currently exists, nutrition plays a key role in managing lipedema. Certain dietary approaches such as ketogenic, low-carbohydrate, and modified Mediterranean diets have been explored for weight management and inflammation reduction in lipedema, with studies showing positive effects on body composition and pain. However, according to the current literature no evidence-based nutritional treatments or nutritional supplements are effective in this patient group. Nutritional therapy in lipedema is complicated by frequent comorbidities; therefore, precision nutritional therapy should be planned by evaluating the causes and consequences of the disease. In this review, we evaluated reported studies of current evidence-based clinical nutritional approaches to lipedema treatment.

Malnutrition and helminth infections are known to be associated conditions. Malnutrition, which refers to excesses, deficiencies, or imbalances in intake of energy and/or nutrients, affects millions of people worldwide and is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in the world. In helminth-infected individuals, malnutrition has been associated with an augmented morbidity rate, a higher parasitic load, and prolonged infections, and may also contribute to increased mortality. Helminth infections affect millions of people worldwide, particularly in non-industrialized countries, leading to chronic infections. This review focuses on the bidirectional relationships between macronutrient malnutrition and helminth infections. Relevant scientific articles published until May 2024 were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar. The data extracted were parameters of immunology, hematology, parasitology, disease, and nutrition. Malnutrition leads to alterations in the immune responses to helminth infections, including innate responses (Heligmosomoides polygyrus, hookworms, Trichinella spp., Trichuris spp.), T-cell-mediated responses (Ascaris spp., H. polygyrus, Trichuris spp.), and antibody responses (Ascaris spp., H. polygyrus, Schistosoma spp., Trichinella spp., Trichuris spp.), frequently resulting in increased parasite load and worm fecundity. However, in some cases malnutrition may have negative effects on the life cycle of helminths, including reductions in worm weight, egg production, worm size, and parasite fecundity. Malnutrition has a notorious influence on both host and parasite. The consequences for the host would be related to the severity and type of malnutrition condition, and the helminth involved.

Folate compounds are crucial for DNA and RNA synthesis, homocysteine regulation, and epigenetic methylation. However, significant differences exist between 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and folinic acid (CHO-THF) -and synthetic folic acid (sFA). Understanding their absorption, bioavailability, and clinical effects is essential, especially for women planning pregnancy, pregnant women, and patients with MTHFR or DHFR polymorphisms, autism spectrum disorders, or other folate-related conditions. A comparative analysis of clinical and biochemical studies was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing of these folate forms. 5-MTHF and CHO-THF demonstrated key advantages over sFA, including avoidance of unmetabolized folic acid accumulation, reduced risk of masking vitamin B12 deficiency, and improved metabolic support in individuals with genetic variants or folate receptor dysfunction. Both forms also show enhanced activity in high-dose therapies for patients with autoantibodies to folate receptors or transport defects. 5-MTHF efficiently crosses the blood-brain barrier, supports fetal and neonatal brain development, and has shown potential in improving cognitive function and depressive symptoms. CHO-THF exhibits promise in managing autism spectrum disorders by modulating neurotransmission and neurometabolic pathways. Despite these advantages, sFA remains the only folate form with proven efficacy in large randomized clinical trials for preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) and continues to play a key role in public health strategies. Use of sFA at doses above 1000 µg/day requires monitoring to avoid masking B12 deficiency. For personalized or high-risk cases, 5-MTHF and CHO-THF should be the preferred options, ideally combined with vitamin B12 supplementation.

Context: Excessive salt intake is a well-established, modifiable risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Although reducing salt consumption lowers blood pressure (BP), the quantitative association across intake levels, subgroup differences, and the influence of salt-intake assessment methods remain uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate the association between salt-intake levels and BP across randomized controlled trials using predefined intake categories and to explore study-level continuous trends.

Data sources: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Sinomed databases were searched from inception to December 2024, without language restrictions.

Data extraction: Two reviewers independently screened records using prespecified PICOS criteria, extracted study characteristics and outcomes (systolic and diastolic BPs), and assessed risk of bias with the RoB2 tool. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion or third-reviewer adjudication. Salt was used as the primary exposure metric (measured in grams per day; conversion: 1 g sodium = 2.54 g salt).

Data analysis: Random-effects meta-analyses compared standardized intake categories (high >15 g d-1; moderate 5-15 g d-1; low <5 g d-1). Prespecified study-level meta-regression was conducted as an exploratory assessment of continuous trends. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses considered salt sensitivity, age, intervention duration, comorbid conditions, geographic region, publication year, and potassium handling. Publication bias diagnostics were performed where applicable.

Conclusions: Across 43 randomized controlled trials (1983-2024), higher amounts of salt intake were associated with higher BP, whereas lower intake was associated with larger BP reductions, demonstrating a graded association across intake categories. Exploratory study-level continuous trends were not statistically significant, consistent with residual heterogeneity, exposure measurement error, and adherence variation. These findings support individualized salt-reduction strategies and robust public-health measures, including food reformulation and national salt-reduction programs, to reduce the burden of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024617388.

Context: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) serve as an incretin-based hypoglycemic class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). DPP-4i have been reported to produce a pleiotropic effect on lipid profiles in addition to regulation of glucose homeostasis.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantitatively evaluate the impact of DPP-4i on lipid parameters in patients with T2D.

Data sources: PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials.

Data extraction: Trials were identified if changes in lipid parameters, including low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were reported.

Data analysis: A total of 95 publications were identified. DPP-4i significantly reduced levels of LDL-C (-3.48 mg/dL; 95% CI, -4.77 to -2.20; I2 = 70%, P < .00001), TC (-2.59 mg/dL; 95% CI, -3.88 to -1.29; I2 = 73%, P < .0001), TG (-5.39 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8.04 to -2.75; I2 = 77%, P < .0001), and non-HDL-C (-6.27 mg/dL; 95% CI, -10.94 to -1.60; I2 = 53%, P = .008). No significant effect was found on HDL-C (-0.32 mg/dL; 95% CI, -1.19 to 0.55; I2 = 97%, P = .47) and ApoB (-0.88 mg/dL; 95% CI, -3.36 to 1.60; I2 = 36%, P = .49) during DPP-4i treatment.

Conclusion: DDP-4i significantly improved lipid parameters including LDL-C, TC, TG, and non-HDL-C in patients with T2D. This underscores the potential cardiovascular benefits of DPP-4i and their role in improving diabetes-related outcomes.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020175999.