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The Impact of Exercise and Protein Intake on Inflammaging: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. 运动和蛋白质摄入对炎症的影响:随机对照试验的元分析和系统回顾》。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae169
Reyhaneh Nejati Bervanlou, Nataša Hlaváčová, Vandré C Figueiredo, Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini, Morteza Motahari Rad

Context: Sarcopenia and cachexia lead to muscle wasting and increased health risks in older adults. Both sarcopenia and cachexia are associated with inflammaging, a chronic low-grade inflammatory state linked to aging. Strategies to preserve muscle mass and function are crucial for maintaining independence and quality of life among the elderly.

Objective: This meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to comprehensively assess the individual and combined effects of exercise training and protein supplementation on circulatory markers of inflammation in older adults.

Data sources: A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and SPORTDiscus databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published until January 2024.

Data extraction: The search focused on randomized controlled trials examining the impact of exercise training (Ex), protein consumption (Pro), or their combination (Ex-Pro) on inflammatory factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared with a control (Con).

Data analysis: The meta-analysis revealed a significant decrease in CRP levels in the Ex vs Pro (P = .0003) and the Ex-Pro (P < .00001) group compared with the Ex group and in overall experimental (EXPL) subgroups (P = .0002) compared with the Con group. A similar reduction was found in IL-6 in the Ex group (P = .001), Ex-Pro group (P = .05), and EXPL (P = .0002) subgroup compared with the Pro group. However, for TNF-α levels, a significant reduction was noted only in the Ex-Pro group compared with the Ex group (P < .00001).

Conclusion: Exercise training and protein supplementation, particularly when combined, show greater benefits in mitigating inflammaging. These findings highlight the importance of combined interventions against muscle wasting. Future studies and meta-analyses should further address the effects of Ex and Pro and Ex-Pro on inflammatory markers of older adults, considering specific conditions and larger sample sizes to identify optimal strategies for the aging population.

背景:肌肉疏松症和恶病质会导致肌肉萎缩,增加老年人的健康风险。肌肉疏松症和恶病质都与炎症有关,炎症是一种与衰老有关的慢性低度炎症状态。保护肌肉质量和功能的策略对于保持老年人的独立性和生活质量至关重要:这项荟萃分析和系统综述旨在全面评估运动训练和蛋白质补充剂对老年人循环系统炎症指标的单独和综合影响:对 PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane CENTRAL 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库进行了系统检索,以确定 2024 年 1 月之前发表的相关研究:数据分析:荟萃分析显示,与对照组(Con)相比,运动训练(Ex)、蛋白质摄入(Pro)或它们的组合(Ex-Pro)对炎症因子(包括C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α))的影响有所降低:荟萃分析表明,与对照组(Con)相比,Ex 组与 Pro 组(P = 0.0003)和 Ex-Pro 组(P 结论:CRP 水平显著下降:运动训练和蛋白质补充,尤其是两者结合使用时,在减轻炎症反应方面显示出更大的益处。这些发现凸显了针对肌肉萎缩采取综合干预措施的重要性。未来的研究和荟萃分析应进一步探讨 Ex 和 Pro 以及 Ex-Pro 对老年人炎症标志物的影响,同时考虑特定条件和更大的样本量,以确定针对老龄人口的最佳策略。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Micronutrients on HIV-Related Clinical Outcomes Among Adults Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 微量营养素对接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的成年 HIV 感染者与 HIV 相关的临床结果的影响:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae171
Elile Monisola Okoka, Moshood Abiodun Kuyebi, Oluwafemi Temitayo Oyadiran, Temitayo Rebecca Okusanya, Emmanuella Onaku, Moshood Olanrewaju Omotayo, Ajibola Ibraheem Abioye
<p><strong>Context: </strong>Micronutrient deficiencies are common and frequently co-occurring among people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally, with consequences for their health and clinical outcomes. Previous reviews of the influence of micronutrient supplementation on HIV outcomes were conducted in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (pre-HAART) era or included both HAART-naive and HAART-experienced individuals; thus, the evidence in the context of HAART is inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrient supplementation on important clinical outcomes among PLHIV on HAART.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Original research articles published up to August 2022 in the following medical literature databases were identified and examined: PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and pre-post intervention studies that evaluated the relationship of micronutrient supplementation and HIV-related outcomes were included. A total of 32 studies investigating the effect of micronutrient supplementation on HIV outcomes in PLHIV on HAART were included. The main outcomes of interest were disease progression, CD4 lymphocyte count, viral load, weight, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, and anemia. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2 and ROBINS-I tools were used to assess the risk of bias in included studies, and GRADE was used to assess the certainty of the evidence.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration by 23.2 nmol/L (95% CI: 11.8 to 34.6; 6 RCTs, 567 participants; low-certainty evidence), but had little to no effect on CD4 lymphocyte counts (mean difference [MD]: 60 cells/µL; 95% CI: -35 to 155; 4 RCTs, 127 participants; low-certainty evidence). The effect of vitamin D on CD4 lymphocyte counts was greater among those with baseline CD4 count <350 cells/µL compared with counterparts with higher CD4 lymphocyte counts. Evidence from single RCTs suggests a beneficial effect of vitamin D on the incidence of sputum-smear-positive tuberculosis (hazard ratio = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.92; 4000 participants; low-certainty evidence), and vitamin E (MD = 0.2 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.3; 18 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and selenium (MD = 0.30 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.31; 97 participants; high-certainty evidence) on hemoglobin, and selenium on BMI (MD: -0.5; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.49; high-certainty evidence). Zinc supplementation had little to no effect on CD4 lymphocyte count overall, but for every 10-µg/dL higher serum zinc concentration, the predicted change in CD4 lymphocyte count from meta-regression was lower by 28 cells/µL (95% CI: -54, -3; 5 RCTs). Moderate- or high-certainty evidence indicates that there is probably no effect of zinc supplementation on log10 viral load, vitamin D on BMI and lumbar s
背景:微量营养素缺乏症在全球艾滋病病毒感染者(PLHIV)中很常见,而且经常并发,对他们的健康和临床结果造成影响。以往关于微量营养素补充对艾滋病治疗效果影响的综述都是在前高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(pre-HAART)时代进行的,或者同时包括了HAART-naive和HAART-experienced个体;因此,HAART背景下的证据并不确定:目的:通过系统回顾和荟萃分析,评估微量营养素补充对接受 HAART 治疗的 PLHIV 重要临床结果的影响:对以下医学文献数据库中截至 2022 年 8 月发表的原创研究文章进行了识别和检查:数据提取:数据提取:纳入了评估微量营养素补充与艾滋病相关结果之间关系的随机对照试验(RCT)和前后干预研究。共纳入了 32 项研究,这些研究调查了微量营养素补充剂对接受 HAART 治疗的艾滋病毒感染者的艾滋病结果的影响。主要研究结果包括疾病进展、CD4淋巴细胞计数、病毒载量、体重、体重指数(BMI)、血红蛋白和贫血。采用 Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2 和 ROBINS-I 工具评估纳入研究的偏倚风险,采用 GRADE 评估证据的确定性:补充维生素 D 可使血清 25- 羟维生素 D 浓度增加 23.2 nmol/L(95% CI:11.8 至 34.6;6 项 RCT,567 名参与者;低确定性证据),但对 CD4 淋巴细胞计数几乎没有影响(平均差 [MD]:60 cells/µL;95% CI:-35 至 155;4 项 RCT,127 名参与者;低确定性证据)。维生素 D 对 CD4 淋巴细胞计数的影响在基线 CD4 计数较高的人群中更大:补充锌和维生素 D 可促进相当一部分接受 HAART 治疗的 PLHIV 的免疫力恢复,补充硒和维生素 E 可预防贫血。
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引用次数: 0
Unlocking the Cardiovascular Benefits of Walnuts: Insights on Molecular Mechanism From Animal Studies. 解读核桃对心血管的益处:动物研究对分子机制的启示。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae173
Snežana Tepavčević, Manja Zec, Mojca Stojiljković, Maja Bošković, Tijana Ćulafić, Aleksandra Stanković, Snježana Romić, Maja Živković, Goran Korićanac

The health-promoting benefits of walnut consumption are substantially ascribed to its fatty acid (FA) profile, which is rich in polyunsaturated FA with an exceptionally high n-3 to n-6 ratio. There are also phytonutrients in walnuts that are linked to health welfare. This review article integrates all studies on the effects of walnuts on the cardiovascular system performed on experimental animals, and thus is a source of data on the mechanisms underlying the observed effects. These studies, which are very diverse in experimental design, indicate that a diet enriched with walnuts or treating animals with walnut extract or chemical constituents of walnuts, has many favorable effects on heart and vascular system function. The cardiovascular effect of walnuts depends on the metabolic status of the organism. Among the cardiovascular effects of walnuts is that they improve the FA profile in the circulation and heart in favor of n-3 polyunsaturated FAs. In addition, a favorable effect on triglyceride and cholesterol status, which reduces cardiovascular disease risk, is observed. Intake of walnuts promotes FA catabolism and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiarrhythmic effects. Walnuts also have a beneficial effect on vascular tone, accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure and reduced risk for atherosclerosis. In conclusion, studies on experimental animals encourage the consumption of walnuts as a simple, convenient approach to improve cardiovascular health.

食用核桃对健康的益处主要归功于其脂肪酸 (FA) 特征,它富含多不饱和脂肪酸,n-3 和 n-6 的比例特别高。核桃中的植物营养素也与健康福利有关。这篇综述文章整合了所有关于核桃对实验动物心血管系统影响的研究,因此是关于所观察到的影响的机制的数据来源。这些研究的实验设计多种多样,它们表明,富含核桃的饮食或用核桃提取物或核桃化学成分处理动物会对心脏和血管系统功能产生许多有利影响。核桃对心血管的影响取决于机体的新陈代谢状况。核桃对心血管的影响包括改善血液循环和心脏中的不饱和脂肪酸含量,使其更倾向于 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸。此外,核桃还对甘油三酯和胆固醇状况产生有利影响,从而降低心血管疾病风险。摄入核桃可促进脂肪酸的分解,并具有抗炎、抗氧化和抗心律失常的作用。核桃对血管张力也有好处,同时还能降低血压,减少动脉粥样硬化的风险。总之,对实验动物的研究表明,食用核桃是改善心血管健康的一种简单、方便的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Vitamin D as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies Comparing Baseline Vitamin D in Children with JIA to Individuals Without. 更正为维生素 D 作为青少年特发性关节炎的可调节风险因素:比较 JIA 患儿和非 JIA 患儿维生素 D 基线的观察性研究的系统回顾和元分析》(A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies Comparing Baseline Vitamin D in Children with JIA and Individuals Without.
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae186
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Fermented Kimchi Consumption on Anthropometric and Blood Cardiometabolic Indicators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies and Prospective Cohort Studies. 食用发酵泡菜对人体测量指标和血液心血管代谢指标的影响:干预研究和前瞻性队列研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析》。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae167
Seoeun Ahn, Manije Darooghegi Mofrad, Briana M Nosal, Ock K Chun, Hyojee Joung

Context: Increasing global kimchi consumption has prompted interest in its health impact. However, comprehensive reviews of the influence of kimchi on cardiometabolic risk factors, especially meta-analyses, remain limited.

Objective: This review assessed the impact of fermented kimchi consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors by systematically reviewing human intervention and prospective cohort studies, and conducting a meta-analysis of intervention studies.

Data sources: A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, RISS, KISS, and ScienceON databases was conducted through April 30, 2024. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies that examined the effects of fermented kimchi, without any added ingredients or lactic acid bacteria, on health outcomes, including anthropometric measures, blood pressure, cardiometabolic and glycemic indicators, inflammatory cytokines, and the incidence of related chronic diseases.

Data extraction: Data extraction and quality evaluation were conducted independently by 3 researchers.

Data analysis: Pooled effect sizes were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% CIs employing random-effects models.

Results: Five intervention studies (205 participants) and 4 prospective cohort studies (42 455 participants) were selected. A meta-analysis of the intervention studies revealed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (WMD: -1.93 mg/dL; 95% CI: -3.82, -0.03; I2 = 17.4%) following the consumption of fermented kimchi. After excluding studies that contributed to increased heterogeneity, significant inverse associations were observed between fermented kimchi consumption and triglycerides (WMD: -28.9 mg/dL; 95% CI: -53.2, -4.5; I2 = 0.0%), systolic blood pressure (WMD: -3.48 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.95, -1.01, I2 = 0.0%), and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -2.68 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.75, -0.62; I2 = 0.0%). Prospective cohort studies linked higher kimchi intake with a lower incidence of cancer and metabolic syndrome and an increased likelihood of achieving normal body weight.

Conclusion: This review supports beneficial effects of fermented kimchi on cardiometabolic health. However, due to the limited number of studies, these findings should be interpreted cautiously, highlighting the need for further research in diverse populations.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024532020.

背景:全球泡菜消费量的增加引起了人们对其健康影响的兴趣。然而,有关泡菜对心脏代谢风险因素影响的全面综述,尤其是荟萃分析,仍然有限:本综述通过系统回顾人类干预研究和前瞻性队列研究,并对干预研究进行荟萃分析,评估了食用发酵泡菜对心脏代谢风险因素的影响:截至 2024 年 4 月 30 日,对 PubMed、EMBASE、Scopus、Web of Science、RISS、KISS 和 ScienceON 数据库进行了文献检索。纳入标准包括考察发酵泡菜(不添加任何成分或乳酸菌)对健康结果影响的研究,包括人体测量指标、血压、心脏代谢和血糖指标、炎症细胞因子以及相关慢性疾病的发病率:数据提取和质量评估由 3 名研究人员独立完成:数据分析:采用随机效应模型,以加权平均差(WMDs)和 95% CIs 计算汇总效应大小:选取了 5 项干预研究(205 人参与)和 4 项前瞻性队列研究(42455 人参与)。对干预研究的荟萃分析表明,食用发酵泡菜后空腹血糖显著降低(WMD:-1.93 mg/dL;95% CI:-3.82,-0.03;I2 = 17.4%)。在排除导致异质性增加的研究后,观察到食用发酵泡菜与甘油三酯之间存在显著的反向关系(WMD:-28.9 mg/dL;95% CI:-53.2,-4.5;I2 = 0.0%)、收缩压(WMD:-3.48 mmHg;95% CI:-5.95,-1.01,I2 = 0.0%)和舒张压(WMD:-2.68 mmHg;95% CI:-4.75,-0.62;I2 = 0.0%)之间存在明显的反向关系。前瞻性队列研究表明,泡菜摄入量越高,癌症和代谢综合征的发病率越低,体重达到正常水平的可能性越大:本综述支持发酵泡菜对心脏代谢健康的有益影响。结论:本综述支持发酵泡菜对心脏代谢健康的有益影响,但由于研究数量有限,应谨慎解释这些发现,并强调需要在不同人群中开展进一步研究:系统综述注册:PROSPERO 注册号:CRD42024532020。
{"title":"Effects of Fermented Kimchi Consumption on Anthropometric and Blood Cardiometabolic Indicators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies and Prospective Cohort Studies.","authors":"Seoeun Ahn, Manije Darooghegi Mofrad, Briana M Nosal, Ock K Chun, Hyojee Joung","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae167","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Increasing global kimchi consumption has prompted interest in its health impact. However, comprehensive reviews of the influence of kimchi on cardiometabolic risk factors, especially meta-analyses, remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review assessed the impact of fermented kimchi consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors by systematically reviewing human intervention and prospective cohort studies, and conducting a meta-analysis of intervention studies.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, RISS, KISS, and ScienceON databases was conducted through April 30, 2024. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies that examined the effects of fermented kimchi, without any added ingredients or lactic acid bacteria, on health outcomes, including anthropometric measures, blood pressure, cardiometabolic and glycemic indicators, inflammatory cytokines, and the incidence of related chronic diseases.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data extraction and quality evaluation were conducted independently by 3 researchers.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Pooled effect sizes were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% CIs employing random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five intervention studies (205 participants) and 4 prospective cohort studies (42 455 participants) were selected. A meta-analysis of the intervention studies revealed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (WMD: -1.93 mg/dL; 95% CI: -3.82, -0.03; I2 = 17.4%) following the consumption of fermented kimchi. After excluding studies that contributed to increased heterogeneity, significant inverse associations were observed between fermented kimchi consumption and triglycerides (WMD: -28.9 mg/dL; 95% CI: -53.2, -4.5; I2 = 0.0%), systolic blood pressure (WMD: -3.48 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.95, -1.01, I2 = 0.0%), and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -2.68 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.75, -0.62; I2 = 0.0%). Prospective cohort studies linked higher kimchi intake with a lower incidence of cancer and metabolic syndrome and an increased likelihood of achieving normal body weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review supports beneficial effects of fermented kimchi on cardiometabolic health. However, due to the limited number of studies, these findings should be interpreted cautiously, highlighting the need for further research in diverse populations.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024532020.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Nutrition Education During Pregnancy on Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Compliance and Anemia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 在中低收入国家,孕期营养教育对补充铁-叶酸依从性和贫血症的影响:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae170
Melaku Tadege Engidaw, Patricia Lee, Gelana Fekadu, Prasenjit Mondal, Faruk Ahmed

Context: Stakeholders implement nutrition education to prevent and control anemia during pregnancy. Nutrition education during pregnancy can increase the consumption of iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements and encourage behavioral changes. However, there is no comprehensive meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of this intervention.

Objective: This review aimed to determine the effect of nutrition education on IFA supplementation (IFAS) compliance, hemoglobin level change, and prevalence of anemia in low- and middle-income countries.

Data sources: The systematic searches on Ovid Medline, Scopus, Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science, Health and Medical Collection (ProQuest), and Google Scholar were conducted until September 11, 2023. The updated searches were performed on November 16, 2023.

Data extraction: In total, 12 436 records were imported to Covidence. Of these, 9109 records were screened by title and abstract. A total of 112 records were evaluated in full, and 53 articles were ultimately included based on eligibility.

Results: Fifty-three peer-reviewed research articles met the inclusion criteria, involving 13 475 pregnant women. Those who received nutrition education during pregnancy were 2.80 times more likely to comply with IFAS (odds ratio = 2.80; 95% CI: 2.04, 3.83; I2 = 66.20%). There was an average increase of 0.88 g/dL (Cohen's d = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.13; I2 = 96.17%) in hemoglobin levels among women who received nutrition education. A meta-regression analysis revealed that 61.85% (adjusted R2 = 61.85%) of heterogeneity between standardized mean differences was explained by anemia status, intervention duration, and geographic region. Also, pregnant women in the nutrition education group had a 34% (relative risk = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.80, I2 = 86.85%) lower risk of anemia compared with the control group.

Conclusion: Nutrition education during pregnancy improves compliance with IFAS, increases hemoglobin levels, and reduces the risk of anemia. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the existing nutrition education program to prevent and control anemia during pregnancy.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023454241.

背景:利益相关者开展营养教育,预防和控制孕期贫血。孕期营养教育可增加铁-叶酸(IFA)补充剂的摄入量,并鼓励人们改变行为。然而,目前还没有全面的荟萃分析来确定这种干预措施的有效性:本综述旨在确定营养教育对中低收入国家补充叶酸的依从性、血红蛋白水平变化和贫血患病率的影响:在 Ovid Medline、Scopus、Embase (Elsevier)、Web of Science、Health and Medical Collection (ProQuest) 和 Google Scholar 上进行的系统检索截止到 2023 年 9 月 11 日。更新后的搜索于 2023 年 11 月 16 日进行:共有12 436条记录被导入Covidence。数据提取:共有 12 436 条记录被导入 Covidence。共对 112 条记录进行了全面评估,根据资格审查结果,最终纳入了 53 篇文章:53 篇经同行评审的研究文章符合纳入标准,涉及 13 475 名孕妇。在孕期接受营养教育的孕妇遵守 IFAS 的几率是其他孕妇的 2.80 倍(几率比 = 2.80;95% CI:2.04, 3.83;I2 = 66.20%)。接受营养教育的妇女的血红蛋白水平平均提高了 0.88 g/dL(Cohen's d = 0.88;95% CI:0.63,1.13;I2 = 96.17%)。元回归分析显示,61.85%(调整后 R2 = 61.85%)的标准化均值差异异质性是由贫血状况、干预持续时间和地理区域解释的。此外,与对照组相比,营养教育组孕妇的贫血风险降低了 34%(相对风险 = 0.66;95% CI:0.54,0.80,I2 = 86.85%):结论:孕期营养教育可提高孕妇对 IFAS 的依从性,提高血红蛋白水平,降低贫血风险。因此,加强现有的营养教育计划对预防和控制孕期贫血至关重要:系统综述注册:PROSPERO 注册号CRD42023454241。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes. 脂肪酸对葡萄糖代谢和 2 型糖尿病的影响
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae165
Dilek Sivri, Yasemin Akdevelioğlu

Type 2 diabetes is an inflammatory, non-infectious disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance. Although lifestyle, genetic, and environmental factors are associated with a high risk of type 2 diabetes, nutrition remains one of the most significant factors. Specific types and increased amounts of dietary fatty acids are associated with type 2 diabetes and its complications. Dietary recommendations for the prevention of type 2 diabetes advocate for a diet that is characterized by reduced saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids alongside an increased consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and omega-3 fatty acids. Although following the recommendations for dietary fatty acid intake is important for reducing type 2 diabetes and its related complications, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review will provide an update on the mechanisms of action of fatty acids on glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes, as well as dietary recommendations for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

2 型糖尿病是一种炎症性、非传染性疾病,以胰岛β细胞功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗为特征。虽然生活方式、遗传和环境因素与 2 型糖尿病的高风险有关,但营养仍然是最重要的因素之一。膳食中脂肪酸的特定类型和增加量与 2 型糖尿病及其并发症有关。预防 2 型糖尿病的膳食建议提倡饮食中减少饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸,同时增加单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和欧米伽-3 脂肪酸的摄入量。尽管遵循膳食脂肪酸摄入量的建议对减少 2 型糖尿病及其相关并发症非常重要,但其潜在机制仍不清楚。本综述将介绍脂肪酸对糖代谢和 2 型糖尿病作用机制的最新情况,以及预防 2 型糖尿病的饮食建议。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of the Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Olive Oil Versus the Low-Fat Diet on Serum Inflammatory and Endothelial Indexes Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Controlled Trials. 添加橄榄油的地中海饮食与低脂饮食对成人血清炎症和内皮指数的影响:临床对照试验的系统回顾和元分析》。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae166
Behnaz Pourrajab, Danial Fotros, Parastoo Asghari, Farzad Shidfar

Context: Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are important risk factors for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and related mortality.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of 2 popular dietary patterns-a Mediterranean (MED) diet supplemented with olive oil and a low-fat diet (LFD)-on factors related to inflammation and endothelial function in adults.

Data sources and data extraction: The following online databases were searched for related studies published until August 7, 2024: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. Two independent researchers selected the studies based on the eligibility criteria.

Data analysis: The effect sizes were expressed as Hedges' g with 95% CIs. A total of 16 eligible trials with 20 effect sizes were included in the analyses. This meta-analysis revealed that the MED diet supplemented with olive oil significantly improved all of the indicators of the study compared with the LFD, except in the case of E-selectin, in which a low and nonsignificant decrease was reported.

Conclusion: Available evidence suggests that a MED diet supplemented with olive oil compared with the LFD significantly improves inflammation and serum endothelial function in adults.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023485718.

背景:炎症和内皮功能障碍是慢性疾病(包括心血管疾病和相关死亡率)的重要风险因素:本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估两种流行饮食模式--补充橄榄油的地中海饮食(MED)和低脂饮食(LFD)--对成年人炎症和内皮功能相关因素的影响:在以下在线数据库中搜索了截至 2024 年 8 月 7 日发表的相关研究:PubMed/Medline、Scopus、Clarivate Analytics Web of Science、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 和 Google Scholar。两名独立研究人员根据资格标准对研究进行了筛选:数据分析:效应大小以 Hedges' g 表示,95% CIs。共有 16 项符合条件的试验和 20 个效应大小被纳入分析。这项荟萃分析表明,与低脂饮食相比,补充橄榄油的 MED 饮食显著改善了所有研究指标,但 E 选择素除外,据报道,E 选择素的下降幅度较低,且不显著:现有证据表明,与低脂饮食相比,补充橄榄油的 MED 饮食能明显改善成年人的炎症和血清内皮功能:系统综述注册:PROSPERO 注册号CRD42023485718。
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引用次数: 0
Unravelling the Role of Chitin and Chitosan in Prebiotic Activity and Correlation With Cancer: A Narrative Review. 揭示甲壳素和壳聚糖在益生元活性中的作用以及与癌症的相关性:叙述性综述。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae168
Irene Ferri, Benedetta Canala, Luciana Rossi

This review describes the state of the art regarding the prebiotic role of chitin and the interactions of chitin and chitosan with cancer cells. Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature and a constitutive component of crustacean shells and the exoskeleton of insects. Chitosan is the deacetylated form of chitin, which is obtained by chemical processing or the enzymatic activity of deacetylases found in microorganisms and insects. Edible insects have recently been introduced in Western countries, thus raising concerns regarding food safety and due to their chitin content and the release of chitosan during the digestive process. The roles of insect chitin and chitosan in the gastrointestinal tract, microbiome modulation, and cancer have been widely investigated. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the possible microbiota modulation of chitin and its relevant communication with the immune system, thus confirming its prebiotic activity. No evidence has been provided on the cancerogenic activity of chitin; however, studies have suggested that chitin has a cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines. Chitosan has been confirmed to exhibit apoptotic and cytotoxic activities on cancer cells in several in vitro studies on cancer cell lines and in vivo models. In conclusion, the literature does not show a direct connection between the presence of chitin or chitosan and the onset of cancer. However, cytotoxic and apoptotic activities in relation to cancerous lines have been demonstrated.

本综述介绍了有关甲壳素的益生作用以及甲壳素和壳聚糖与癌细胞相互作用的最新进展。甲壳素是自然界中含量第二高的多糖,是甲壳类动物外壳和昆虫外骨骼的构成成分。甲壳素是甲壳素的脱乙酰形式,通过化学加工或微生物和昆虫中的脱乙酰酶的酶活性获得。可食用昆虫最近被引入西方国家,从而引起了人们对食品安全的关注,这是因为昆虫含有甲壳素,在消化过程中会释放出壳聚糖。昆虫甲壳素和壳聚糖在胃肠道、微生物组调节和癌症中的作用已被广泛研究。一些体外和体内研究表明,甲壳素可能会调节微生物群,并与免疫系统进行相关交流,从而证实了其益生活性。目前还没有关于甲壳素致癌活性的证据;但有研究表明,甲壳素对癌细胞株有细胞毒性作用。在几项关于癌细胞系和体内模型的体外研究中,甲壳素已被证实对癌细胞具有凋亡和细胞毒性作用。总之,文献并未显示甲壳素或壳聚糖的存在与癌症的发生有直接联系。不过,已经证实了甲壳素或壳聚糖对癌细胞的细胞毒性和凋亡活性。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Vitamin C Supplements on Clinical Outcomes and Hospitalization Duration for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 维生素 C 补充剂对 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)患者临床疗效和住院时间的影响:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae154
Maorong Qin, Kun Xu, Zhuo Chen, Xiaojie Wen, Yifu Tang, Yangyu Gao, Hao Zhang, Xingming Ma

Context: Vitamin C has been used as an essential antioxidant to reduce the inflammatory response associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but its effect on clinical outcomes remains controversial and inconclusive.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to assess the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.

Data sources: Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, CSTJ, Wan fang, and CBM databases were searched for publications between January 2020 and December 2023 that met the inclusion criteria.

Data extraction: The meta-analyses of outcomes in more than one study were performed using Review Manager software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. A randomized controlled trial, cohort studies, and retrospective studies in which vitamin C supplementation was supplemented as monotherapy or in combination, compared with placebo, no treatment, or other standard treatment without vitamin C were included.

Data analysis: After screening, 22 studies, with a total of 6831 patients, were selected for assessment. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated using fixed- and random-effects models. The meta-analysis showed significant effects of vitamin C on alleviating clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.65-0.89, P = .0007) but no shortening of the length of hospitalization (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = -0.13-2.44, P = .08) compared with the control group. Notably, vitamin C supplements significantly reduced the mortality risk (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.51-0.80, P = .0001) and the incidence of severity (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.43-0.80, P = .0006) in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that vitamin C supplements may have a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes, as well as reducing severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, but more clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the role of vitamin C in treating COVID-19.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023491517.

背景:维生素C已被用作一种重要的抗氧化剂,以减轻2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)患者与肺炎和急性呼吸窘迫综合征相关的炎症反应,但其对临床结果的影响仍存在争议且尚无定论:本研究旨在进行荟萃分析和系统综述,评估补充维生素 C 对住院患者 COVID-19 严重程度的影响:在Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、PubMed、CNKI、CSTJ、Wan fang和CBM数据库中检索了2020年1月至2023年12月期间符合纳入标准的出版物:使用Review Manager软件对一项以上研究的结果进行荟萃分析。使用 I2 统计量评估异质性。纳入的研究包括随机对照试验、队列研究和回顾性研究,在这些研究中,补充维生素 C 可作为单一疗法或联合疗法,并与安慰剂、不治疗或其他不含维生素 C 的标准疗法进行比较:经过筛选,共有 22 项研究(共 6831 名患者)被纳入评估范围。采用固定效应和随机效应模型计算了患病率比(ORs)和 95% CIs。荟萃分析表明,与对照组相比,维生素 C 对缓解 COVID-19 患者的临床症状有显著效果(OR = 0.76,95% CI = 0.65-0.89,P = .0007),但没有缩短住院时间(OR = 1.16,95% CI = -0.13-2.44,P = .08)。值得注意的是,维生素 C 补充剂能显著降低 COVID-19 患者的死亡风险(OR = 0.64,95% CI = 0.51-0.80,P = .0001)和严重程度的发生率(OR = 0.59,95% CI = 0.43-0.80,P = .0006):结论:研究结果表明,维生素C补充剂可能对COVID-19患者的临床预后以及降低严重程度和死亡率有好处,但还需要更多的临床随机对照试验来评估维生素C在治疗COVID-19中的作用:系统综述注册:PROSPERO 注册号CRD42023491517。
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引用次数: 0
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Nutrition reviews
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