Optics and Laser Technology最新文献_第9页

Comparison of QEPAS and BF-QEPAS approaches for methane and ethane sequential detection in the near-IR spectral range QEPAS和BF-QEPAS方法在近红外光谱范围内甲烷和乙烷序列检测的比较

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114847

Luigi Melchiorre , Giansergio Menduni , Giovanni Magno , Liam O’Faolain , Pietro Patimisco , Vincenzo Spagnolo , Angelo Sampaolo

This paper presents a comparison between quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and beat-frequency QEPAS (BF-QEPAS) techniques for the sequential detection of methane (C1) and ethane (C2) in the near-infrared spectral range. Both approaches exploit a T-shaped quartz tuning fork (QTF)—coupled with acoustic resonator tubes—as sensitive element but differ fundamentally in the signal generation and acquisition methods. While conventional QEPAS-based approach requires periodic QTF characterization and longer acquisition time, BF-QEPAS enables simultaneous measurement of target gas concentration, QTF resonance frequency and quality factor through analysis of transient response signals. Experiments were performed using a laser diode emitting at a central wavelength of 1683.53 nm, targeting C1 and C2 absorption features. Our results demonstrate that the BF-QEPAS approach significantly reduces measurement time from minutes to few seconds and maintains comparable detection sensitivity, also for broadband absorbers such as ethane. For methane, minimum detection limits (MDLs) of 1.7 parts-per-million (ppm) and 5 ppm were achieved with QEPAS and BF-QEPAS techniques, respectively, while for ethane MDLs of 20 ppm and 62 ppm were obtained, respectively. The BF-QEPAS technique enables continuous, uninterrupted monitoring of both target gases in sequential detection mode, with the simultaneous validation of the measurement through the evaluation of the QTF resonance parameters.

本文比较了石英增强光声光谱技术（QEPAS）和热频QEPAS技术（BF-QEPAS）在近红外光谱范围内连续检测甲烷（C1）和乙烷（C2）的效果。这两种方法都利用t形石英音叉(QTF) -与声学谐振管耦合-作为敏感元件，但在信号产生和采集方法上存在根本差异。传统的基于qepas的方法需要周期性的QTF表征和较长的采集时间，而BF-QEPAS可以通过分析瞬态响应信号同时测量目标气体浓度、QTF共振频率和质量因子。利用中心波长为1683.53 nm的激光二极管，针对C1和C2的吸收特性进行了实验。我们的研究结果表明，BF-QEPAS方法显着将测量时间从几分钟缩短到几秒钟，并保持相当的检测灵敏度，也适用于乙烷等宽带吸收剂。对于甲烷，QEPAS和BF-QEPAS技术的最低检出限分别为1.7 ppm和5ppm，而乙烷的最低检出限分别为20 ppm和62 ppm。BF-QEPAS技术能够在顺序检测模式下连续、不间断地监测两种目标气体，同时通过评估QTF共振参数来验证测量结果。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an optical critical dimension (OCD) measurement model enhanced by transformer-based data augmentation 基于变压器数据增强的光学临界尺寸（OCD）测量模型

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114857

Jinyang Li , Dengji Guo , Ta-Cheng Mo , Yu-Hsiang Hsu , Changliang Zhu , Shien-Ping Feng , Hung-Fei Kuo

As semiconductor devices continue to scale down, manufacturing processes face increasing challenges. This necessitates more efficient metrology techniques to ensure process quality. Critical dimension (CD) measurement is a crucial step in process verification, as deviations in CD directly impact device performance. Optical critical dimension (OCD) method, based on scatterometry, offers a rapid and non-invasive solution in precise measurement. It can analyze diffraction images generated from periodic measurement marks and compare them with references to achieve linewidth measurements. In this work, an OCD measurement framework enhanced with data augmentation via a transformer-based conditional generative adversarial network (TCGAN) is proposed. Grating measurement marks with designed CDs ranging from 400 nm to 600 nm were simulated to generate diffraction images. The two-directional two-dimensional principal components analysis ((2D)²PCA) was applied to extract features and convert these images into sequential data. A TCGAN model was then trained to expand the diffraction dataset, increasing it to 21,000 samples. The augmented dataset was used to train a regression model capable of accurately predicting the linewidth of the grating measurement marks. The proposed model achieved a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.70 nm and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.99 in simulation test, indicating high linear correlation between predictions and ground truth. Experimental validation was conducted using fabricated measurement marks and the designed optics, achieving an RMSE of 1.14 nm, further confirming the effectiveness of TCGAN-assisted OCD measurement method.

随着半导体器件的不断缩小，制造工艺面临越来越多的挑战。这就需要更有效的计量技术来确保过程质量。关键尺寸（CD）测量是工艺验证的关键步骤，因为CD的偏差直接影响器件的性能。光学临界尺寸法（OCD）是一种基于散射法的快速、无创的精确测量方法。它可以分析由周期性测量标记产生的衍射图像，并将其与参考文献进行比较，从而实现线宽测量。在这项工作中，提出了一个通过基于变压器的条件生成对抗网络（TCGAN）增强数据增强的强迫症测量框架。对设计的CDs范围为400 ~ 600 nm的光栅测量标记进行了模拟，生成了衍射图像。利用双向二维主成分分析（two-directional two principal components analysis, 2D）2PCA提取特征，并将这些图像转换为序列数据。然后训练TCGAN模型来扩展衍射数据集，将其增加到21,000个样本。利用增强的数据集训练能够准确预测光栅测量标记线宽的回归模型。在模拟测试中，该模型的均方根误差（RMSE）为0.70 nm，决定系数（R2）为0.99，表明预测结果与实际情况具有较高的线性相关性。利用自制的测量标记和设计的光学器件进行实验验证，RMSE为1.14 nm，进一步证实了tcgan辅助OCD测量方法的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Millimeter-scale rigid diamond probe for high sensitivity endoscopic-magnetometry applications 用于高灵敏度内窥镜磁强计应用的毫米级刚性金刚石探头

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114833

Jihongbo Shen , Heng Yuan , Hongyu Tao , Zekun Niu , Haoming Xu , Chentao Zhang , Chen Su , Zhuo Wang , Chen Zhang

Magnetometry based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers has been extensively studied for applications requiring diverse capabilities, spanning from nanometer spatial resolution to subpicotesla sensitivity. Among various applications, diamond magnetometers can demonstrate high sensitivity magnetic sensing within millimeter-scale size for endoscopic applications. However, the trade-off between sensitivity and spatial resolution of diamond magnetometry makes it difficult to achieve such a probe. In this study, we present a millimeter-scale rigid diamond magnetometer probe with enhanced sensitivity via optimizing the optical design. By coupling the frustum diamond with the miniaturized compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) lens, we enhance the fluorescence collection efficiency by 37% within 4 mm diameter, and the achieved sensitivity is 200pT/Hz^1/2 based on the sample with the resonance linewidth of ∼ 8 MHz. With this verified structure, endoscopes with mm-size probe and picotesla sensitivity can be projected for surgical and industrial applications in the future.

基于金刚石氮空位（NV）中心的磁强计已被广泛研究，用于从纳米空间分辨率到亚皮特斯拉灵敏度的各种应用。在各种应用中，金刚石磁强计可以在毫米级的内窥镜应用中展示高灵敏度的磁感测。然而，金刚石磁强计的灵敏度和空间分辨率之间的权衡使得实现这种探针变得困难。在本研究中，我们通过优化光学设计，提出了一种具有增强灵敏度的毫米级刚性金刚石磁强计探头。通过将晶台金刚石与小型化的复合抛物聚光器（CPC）透镜耦合，在直径4 mm范围内提高了37%的荧光收集效率，以共振线宽为~ 8 MHz的样品为基础，获得了200pT/Hz1/2的灵敏度。有了这种经过验证的结构，具有毫米大小探针和皮特斯拉灵敏度的内窥镜可以在未来用于外科和工业应用。

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引用次数: 0

Photoelectron angular distributions for the two-photon ionization of atoms by ultraviolet laser pulses 紫外激光脉冲使原子双光子电离的光电子角分布

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114839

Zichao Liu , Wanhong Wen , Yingbin Li , Benhai Yu , Cheng Huang

We theoretically study the two-photon ionization of H for the laser frequency range (0.25, 0.5) a.u. by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The results show that the photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) are strongly dependent on the laser frequency. In the vicinity of the resonant frequency, the photoelectron momentum distributions show a doublet structure. For the inner ring, the population in the parallel direction is larger than the perpendicular direction, and the distribution shows little variation with the laser frequency. For the outer ring, as the laser frequency increases, the electron emissions transfer from the parallel to perpendicular direction. Below the resonant frequency region, the proportion of the perpendicular emissions increases with the laser frequency decreasing. Above the resonant frequency region, the electron emissions transfer from the perpendicular to parallel direction, and finally the dominant emission direction becomes the parallel direction. By separating the contributions from the outgoing s wave, d wave and their interference, the strong dependency of the PADs on the laser frequency can be well understood. These results provide deep insights into the two-photon ionization by ultraviolet laser pulses.

通过数值求解与时间相关的Schrödinger方程，从理论上研究了激光频率范围（0.25,0.5）a.u.下氢的双光子电离。结果表明，光电子角分布（PADs）与激光频率密切相关。在谐振频率附近，光电子动量分布呈双重态结构。对于内环，平行方向的密度大于垂直方向，且随激光频率的变化不大。对于外环，随着激光频率的增加，电子发射从平行方向向垂直方向转移。在谐振频率区以下，垂直发射的比例随着激光频率的降低而增加。在谐振频率区域以上，电子发射由垂直方向向平行方向转移，最终主导发射方向变为平行方向。通过分离出s波和d波的贡献及其干扰，可以很好地理解PADs对激光频率的强烈依赖性。这些结果为紫外激光脉冲的双光子电离提供了深入的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous dual-wavelength single-pixel microscopic imaging via frequency-division multiplexing 同时双波长单像素显微成像通过频分复用

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114845

Yipeng Cao , Mingzhong Pan , Ran Zhou , Shengxiang Cao , Jin Yang , Yikun Wang , Hongxing Qi

Acousto-optic deflector (AOD)-based frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) single-pixel microscopy offers a compact and flexible framework with potential scalability toward high-speed and dynamic imaging. However, its multi-wavelength applications are fundamentally limited by inherent chromatic dispersion and wavelength-dependent diffraction efficiency, preventing spatially co-localized scanning across different wavelengths. Here, we demonstrate a synchronous dual-wavelength single-pixel microscopic imaging system employing segmented radio-frequency (RF) tagging and interferometric multiplexing. By establishing a phase-matching tolerance mechanism under non-ideal Bragg conditions, we optimized AOD operation for multi-wavelength compatibility and compensated for spatial deviations to achieve precise co-registration of dual-wavelength beam arrays. The implemented system utilizes segmented RF driving to generate spatially co-linear and frequency-orthogonal sub-beams at 488 nm and 561 nm, coupled with heterodyne interferometry for simultaneous dual-channel coherent detection. This enables synchronous dual-spectral imaging of identical spatial locations. Experimental results obtained from static and slowly moving samples, including resolution targets, microstructured patterns, cell-mimicking microstructures, and fluorescent microspheres, are consistent with conventional camera-based imaging, validating the proposed method as a proof-of-concept.

基于声光偏转板（AOD）的频分复用（FDM）单像素显微镜提供了一个紧凑而灵活的框架，具有高速和动态成像的潜在可扩展性。然而，它的多波长应用从根本上受到固有色散和波长相关衍射效率的限制，无法在不同波长上进行空间共定位扫描。在这里，我们展示了一个采用分段射频（RF）标记和干涉多路复用的同步双波长单像素显微成像系统。通过建立非理想Bragg条件下的相位匹配容差机制，优化AOD操作以实现多波长兼容，并补偿空间偏差，实现双波长光束阵列的精确共配准。所实现的系统利用分段射频驱动来产生488 nm和561 nm的空间共线性和频率正交子波束，并结合外差干涉测量来同时进行双通道相干检测。这使得同步双光谱成像相同的空间位置。从静态和缓慢移动的样品中获得的实验结果，包括分辨率目标，微结构模式，细胞模拟微结构和荧光微球，与传统的基于相机的成像一致，验证了所提出的方法作为概念验证。

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引用次数: 0

FBG bandwidth impact on dual-comb interrogation for high fidelity strain sensing 光纤光栅带宽对高保真应变传感双梳询问的影响

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114840

Malhar A. Nagar , Minghao Wei , Alejandro Rosado , Conor McArdle , Aleksandra Kaszubowska-Anandarajah , Prince M. Anandarajah , Davide Janner

Dual Optical Frequency Comb (DOFC) interrogation has emerged as a promising approach for high-resolution Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing, yet its robustness across gratings of differing spectral bandwidths remains insufficiently explored. Two key gaps persist: first, the lack of systematic evaluation of a single DOFC platform applied consistently to both narrow- and broadband FBGs; and second, the absence of a unified signal-processing strategy that maintains accuracy under variable spectral sampling conditions. Here, we address these challenges by developing a bandwidth-adaptive DOFC interrogation framework that unifies optical and algorithmic optimization across diverse FBG bandwidths. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic assessment of a mutually coherent dual-comb system applied to multiple FBG bandwidth regimes within a single interrogation platform. The system employs Externally-Injected Gain-Switched Lasers (EI-GSLs) to generate two mutually coherent combs and a custom ADC-FFT module enabling real-time spectral acquisition. A spectral-envelope-assisted inverted Gaussian fitting (IGF) algorithm is implemented to reconstruct sparsely sampled FBG notches and extract precise Bragg wavelength shifts. Experiments on FBGs with 0.1 nm and 0.3 nm bandwidths demonstrate consistent high-fidelity strain tracking, achieving effective detection limits of ∼ 375–380 nε, dynamic ranges up to 1300 µε, and linearity of R² ≈ 0.98. Compared with a state-of-the-art swept-laser interrogator, which fails to resolve at the finest nano-strain increments, the proposed DOFC-IGF approach delivers superior stability and resolution across all tested bandwidths. These findings establish a practical framework for bandwidth-adaptive DOFC interrogation, enabling scalable and cost-effective deployment of mixed-bandwidth FBG arrays in high-resolution sensing networks.

双光频梳（DOFC）探测已成为高分辨率光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感的一种很有前途的方法，但其在不同频谱带宽光栅上的鲁棒性仍未得到充分探讨。两个关键的差距仍然存在：首先，缺乏对单一DOFC平台的系统评估，该平台始终适用于窄带和宽带fbg；其次，缺乏统一的信号处理策略，在可变频谱采样条件下保持精度。在这里，我们通过开发一种带宽自适应的DOFC询问框架来解决这些挑战，该框架将不同FBG带宽的光学和算法优化统一起来。据我们所知，这是第一次对一个相互相干的双梳系统进行系统评估，该系统应用于单一审讯平台内的多个FBG带宽制度。该系统采用外部注入的增益开关激光器（EI-GSLs）来产生两个相互相干的梳状结构和一个定制的ADC-FFT模块，从而实现实时光谱采集。采用谱包络辅助倒高斯拟合（IGF）算法重构稀疏采样的FBG切迹，提取精确的Bragg波长偏移。在0.1 nm和0.3 nm带宽的fbg上进行的实验表明，该方法具有一致的高保真应变跟踪，有效检测限为~ 375-380 nm ε，动态范围可达1300 μ ε，线性度R2≈0.98。与最先进的扫描激光询问器（无法在最细的纳米应变增量下进行解析）相比，所提出的DOFC-IGF方法在所有测试带宽下都具有卓越的稳定性和分辨率。这些发现为带宽自适应DOFC查询建立了一个实用框架，使高分辨率传感网络中混合带宽FBG阵列的可扩展性和成本效益部署成为可能。

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引用次数: 0

Superior second harmonic generation properties and triggered fluorescence responses in anhydrous sheet-like DAST nanofilms 无水片状DAST纳米膜优越的二次谐波产生特性和触发荧光响应

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114844

Mingang Zhang , Lin Zhang , Minghui Xu , Rui Wang , Wencong Li , You Li , Xiaoxuan Luo , Wenfeng Wang , Bo Zhang , Zhimei Li , Hao Yang

Optical nanofilms that possess a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response and bright single-photon excited fluorescence (SPEF) are highly attractive for advancing laser technology and optoelectronics. In this work, anhydrous sheet-like 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N’-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) nanofilms are prepared, and their linear and nonlinear optical emission properties are investigated using a femtosecond laser system. Measurement results reveal that under excitation of near-infrared laser, the DAST nanofilms exhibit excellent SHG properties featuring a typical twofold rotational symmetry, and the SHG intensity pumped at 1040 nm is about 328.97 times greater than that of Y-cut quartz. Moreover, owing to this strong SHG response, a prominent SPEF signal is triggered, and its emission peak locates at 588 nm. The superior linear and nonlinear optical properties originate from the pronounced non-centrosymmetry and easy electronic transitions of DAST. These findings are expected to promote the rapid development of laser frequency conversion and high-performance optoelectronic devices.

具有强二次谐波响应和明亮的单光子激发荧光的光学纳米膜在推进激光技术和光电子学方面具有很高的吸引力。本文制备了无水片状4-N， n -二甲氨基-4 ' -N ' -甲基-甲酰甲醚（DAST）纳米膜，并利用飞秒激光系统研究了其线性和非线性光学发射特性。测量结果表明，在近红外激光激发下，DAST纳米膜表现出典型的双重旋转对称SHG特性，在1040 nm处泵浦的SHG强度约为y形切割石英的328.97倍。此外，由于这种强烈的SHG响应，触发了一个突出的SPEF信号，其发射峰位于588 nm。DAST优异的线性和非线性光学性质源于其明显的非中心对称性和易发生电子跃迁。这些发现有望推动激光变频和高性能光电器件的快速发展。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on CO2 laser drilling in ice and snow with different densities 不同密度冰雪中CO2激光钻孔实验研究

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114836

Nan Zhang , Bentao Yang , Yingyu Wang , Da Gong , Liang Wang , Shirui Ding , Pavel G. Talalay , Bo Han , Yunchen Liu , Yanji Chen , Xiaopeng Fan , Jialin Hong , Bing Li

CO₂ lasers can effectively melt ice and snow, presenting significant potential as an innovative drilling technique for polar environments. This study investigated the melting and drilling characteristics of ice and snow using a continuous-wave (CW) 10.6 μm CO₂ laser. Experiments were conducted with a laser beam radius of 2.5 mm and laser powers ranging from 60 W to 210 W in 30 W increments. A lifting device was employed to maintain the laser in a focused state, while a suction pump removed accumulated meltwater from the drilled hole. The rates of penetration (ROP) were measured for ice-snow samples with densities of 500, 600, 800, and 917 kg/m³ under both unfocused and focused conditions. Under unfocused conditions, the ROP values were 22.0–27.7, 14.5–20.5, 3.0–3.8, and 2.1–2.9 mm/s, respectively. Under focused conditions, the ROP values increased to 29.4–42.5, 20.6–31.6, 4.5–5.5, and 3.4–4.5 mm/s, representing speed increments of 34–53%, 42–54%, 45–50%, and 55–62% compared to the unfocused state for the four densities. Furthermore, meltwater accumulation in the drilled hole was observed to hinder drilling efficiency when the ice-snow density exceeded 700 kg/m³. A nonlinear relationship between laser power and ROP was identified, characterized by an initial increase followed by a plateau or slight decrease. The optimal laser power ranges from 90 to 120 W under which the fastest ROP and relatively low energy consumption can be achieved. Thus, the optimal laser power should be considered in drilling operations to balance energy consumption and ROP in future study.

二氧化碳激光可以有效地融化冰雪，作为极地环境的一种创新钻井技术，具有巨大的潜力。利用连续波10.6 μm CO2激光器研究了冰雪的融化和钻孔特性。实验条件为激光束半径为2.5 mm，激光功率为60 ~ 210 W，增量为30 W。采用提升装置将激光保持在聚焦状态，同时使用抽吸泵将钻孔中积累的融水抽走。在非聚焦和聚焦条件下，测量了密度为500、600、800和917 kg/m3的冰雪样品的穿透率（ROP）。非聚焦条件下，ROP值分别为22.0 ~ 27.7、14.5 ~ 20.5、3.0 ~ 3.8和2.1 ~ 2.9 mm/s。聚焦条件下，四种密度下的ROP值分别为29.4 ~ 42.5、20.6 ~ 31.6、4.5 ~ 5.5和3.4 ~ 4.5 mm/s，与未聚焦状态相比，速度增量分别为34 ~ 53%、42 ~ 54%、45 ~ 50%和55 ~ 62%。此外，当冰雪密度超过700 kg/m3时，钻孔内的融水积累会影响钻井效率。发现激光功率与机械钻速之间存在非线性关系，其特征是初始增加，随后趋于平稳或略有下降。最佳激光功率范围为90 ~ 120w，在此范围内可实现最快的机械钻速和相对较低的能耗。因此，在今后的钻井作业中，应考虑最佳激光功率，以平衡能耗和机械钻速。

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引用次数: 0

Sensitivity enhancement of four-core fiber helical long-period gratings near dispersion turning point 色散拐点附近四芯光纤螺旋长周期光栅的灵敏度增强

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114828

Yunhe Zhao , Yan Jiang , Xin Wang , Siyu Chen , Chengbo Mou , Yunqi Liu , Lin Ma , Zuyuan He

Multicore fiber has been widely used in various applications, such as communications and sensing. In this work, we demonstrate sensitivity enhancement in in a four-core fiber (FCF) achieved using a CO₂-laser-inscribed helical long-period gratings (HLPGs) operating near the dispersion turning point (DTP). In experiment, a series of FCF-HLPGs have been fabricated, and the FCF-HLPGs work near DTP could be obtained with grating periods adjusted properly in the range of 250–260 μm. Then, a comprehensive investigation of the sensing responses of FCF-HLPGs near and at DTP to external parameters such as curvature, torsion, temperature and surrounding refractive index (SRI) were presented. The special design of FCF that three outer cores are arranged in a triangular configuration around a central core, combined with the helical index modulation, alters the sensor’s sensing behaviors presenting a highly linear response to curvature across all orientations. Moreover, the FCF-HLPGs operating near the DTP exhibit markedly enhanced sensitivity to curvature, torsion, temperature, and SRI, reaching up to 21.721 nm/m⁻¹, 1 nm/(rad/m), 0.273 nm/°C, and 946.7 nm/RIU respectively. Therefore, the proposed HLPGs near DTP is potential for advanced sensing applications, contributing to the development of innovative solutions in the field of fiber optic sensors.

多芯光纤在通信、传感等领域有着广泛的应用。在这项工作中，我们展示了使用在色散拐点（DTP）附近工作的co2激光内切螺旋长周期光栅（hlpg）实现的四芯光纤（FCF）的灵敏度增强。在实验中，制备了一系列fcf - hlpg，在250 ~ 260 μm范围内适当调整光栅周期，fcf - hlpg可以在DTP附近工作。然后，全面研究了fcf - hlpg在DTP附近和DTP处对曲率、扭转、温度和周围折射率（SRI）等外部参数的传感响应。FCF的特殊设计，即三个外芯围绕中心芯以三角形结构排列，结合螺旋折射率调制，改变了传感器的感知行为，在所有方向上对曲率都表现出高度线性响应。此外，在DTP附近工作的fcf - hlpg对曲率、扭转、温度和SRI的敏感性显著增强，分别达到21.721 nm/m−1、1 nm/(rad/m)、0.273 nm/°C和946.7 nm/RIU。因此，提出的靠近DTP的hlpg具有先进传感应用的潜力，有助于光纤传感器领域创新解决方案的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation and experimental study of ultrafast laser micromachining of PMN-PT single crystals PMN-PT单晶超快激光微加工数值模拟与实验研究

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114814

Chao Wang , Zhongwen Cheng , Yan Chen , Haocong He , Zhongliang Zou , Xuanrong Ji

Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) single crystals possess excellent piezoelectric properties but exhibit high brittleness, posing challenges for ultrafast laser micromachining. To elucidate the interaction mechanism between ultrafast lasers and PMN-PT single crystals, this study developed a two-temperature model (TTM) based on the finite element method, which was coupled with thermoelastic mechanical equations, to numerically simulate ultrafast laser ablation. The results indicate that the electron temperature exhibits nonlinear growth with single-pulse energy, while the electron-lattice coupling time is primarily modulated by pulse width. Ablation depth increases with single-pulse energy but exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with pulse width. Under multi-pulse irradiation, the heat accumulation effect becomes significant, progressively deepening the ablation depth. Thermal stress analysis indicates that tensile stress concentration at the laser spot edge is the primary driver for microcrack initiation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results, with errors in ablation depth and width both less than 11%, validating the effectiveness and accuracy of the TTM model. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing ultrafast laser processing parameters of PMN-PT single crystals, facilitating their application in high-precision microdevices.

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-PbTiO3 （PMN-PT）单晶具有优异的压电性能，但脆性高，对超快激光微加工提出了挑战。为了阐明超快激光与PMN-PT单晶的相互作用机理，本研究建立了基于有限元法的双温度模型（TTM），并结合热弹性力学方程对超快激光烧蚀过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明，电子温度随单脉冲能量呈非线性增长，而电子-晶格耦合时间主要受脉冲宽度的调制。烧蚀深度随单脉冲能量的增加而增加，随脉冲宽度的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势。在多脉冲辐照下，热积累效应显著，烧蚀深度逐渐加深。热应力分析表明，激光光斑边缘的拉应力集中是微裂纹萌生的主要驱动因素。实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好，烧蚀深度和烧蚀宽度误差均小于11%，验证了TTM模型的有效性和准确性。本研究为优化PMN-PT单晶的超快激光加工参数提供理论依据，促进其在高精度微器件中的应用。

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