Optics and Laser Technology最新文献_第9页

Low-Hydroxyl tellurite fiber for Mid-Infrared Er:YAG laser transmission 中红外Er:YAG激光传输用低羟基碲酸盐光纤

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114829

Shuru Chen , Zhijian Wei , Jin Li , Biqing Wang , Yuze Wang , Kai Jiao , Shengchuang Bai , Pingxue Li , Vladimir Shiryaev , Xunsi Wang

Due to pronounced hydroxyl (–OH) absorption bands around 2.7 μm in the mid-infrared region, tellurite glasses typically exhibit limited performance for mid-infrared laser transmission, which in turn constrains their suitability for Er:YAG laser delivery. This limitation arises primarily from –OH impurities, which introduce strong absorption in the mid-infrared band and significantly degrade transmission efficiency. To enhance the mid-infrared transmission performance and laser-induced damage threshold of TeO₂–ZnO–La₂O₃ (TZL) glass, high-temperature vacuum melting was employed as a physical purification method to effectively remove –OH impurities from the glass matrix. The effects of melting temperature and vacuum level on purification efficiency were systematically investigated. Through optimization of raw-material refining and melting parameters, low-hydroxyl tellurite glass was successfully obtained, exhibiting an –OH absorption coefficient as low as 0.004 cm^–1—representing a 99.8% reduction compared with conventional unpurified samples. The purified glass was subsequently extruded into core–cladding preforms and drawn into flexible fibers with a core diameter of 300 μm and a cladding diameter of 600 μm. The fabricated TZL fiber achieved a maximum stable output power of 8.3 W at 2.94 μm, corresponding to an energy density of 1061 J cm^–2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a tellurite fiber capable of stably delivering more than 8 W of Er:YAG laser power at 2.94 μm, highlighting its strong potential for high-power mid-infrared laser applications in surgical medicine and industrial processing.

由于碲酸盐玻璃在中红外区2.7 μm附近有明显的羟基（-OH）吸收带，因此中红外激光传输性能有限，这反过来又限制了其对Er:YAG激光传输的适用性。这种限制主要来自于-OH杂质，它在中红外波段引入强吸收，显著降低了传输效率。为了提高TeO2-ZnO-La2O3 （TZL）玻璃的中红外透射性能和激光损伤阈值，采用高温真空熔炼作为物理净化方法，有效去除玻璃基体中的-OH杂质。系统地研究了熔炼温度和真空度对提纯效率的影响。通过优化原料精制和熔融参数，成功制得低羟基碲酸盐玻璃，其-OH吸收系数低至0.004 cm - 1，比常规未纯化样品降低99.8%。然后将纯化后的玻璃挤压成芯包覆预制品，拉伸成芯直径为300 μm、包层直径为600 μm的柔性纤维。所制备的TZL光纤在2.94 μm处的最大稳定输出功率为8.3 W，对应的能量密度为1061 J cm-2。据我们所知，这是碲酸盐光纤的首次演示，能够在2.94 μm下稳定地提供超过8 W的Er:YAG激光功率，突出了其在外科医学和工业加工中的高功率中红外激光器应用的强大潜力。

{"title":"Low-Hydroxyl tellurite fiber for Mid-Infrared Er:YAG laser transmission","authors":"Shuru Chen , Zhijian Wei , Jin Li , Biqing Wang , Yuze Wang , Kai Jiao , Shengchuang Bai , Pingxue Li , Vladimir Shiryaev , Xunsi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to pronounced hydroxyl (–OH) absorption bands around 2.7 μm in the mid-infrared region, tellurite glasses typically exhibit limited performance for mid-infrared laser transmission, which in turn constrains their suitability for Er:YAG laser delivery. This limitation arises primarily from –OH impurities, which introduce strong absorption in the mid-infrared band and significantly degrade transmission efficiency. To enhance the mid-infrared transmission performance and laser-induced damage threshold of TeO<sub>2</sub>–ZnO–La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (TZL) glass, high-temperature vacuum melting was employed as a physical purification method to effectively remove –OH impurities from the glass matrix. The effects of melting temperature and vacuum level on purification efficiency were systematically investigated. Through optimization of raw-material refining and melting parameters, low-hydroxyl tellurite glass was successfully obtained, exhibiting an –OH absorption coefficient as low as 0.004 cm<sup>–1</sup>—representing a 99.8% reduction compared with conventional unpurified samples. The purified glass was subsequently extruded into core–cladding preforms and drawn into flexible fibers with a core diameter of 300 μm and a cladding diameter of 600 μm. The fabricated TZL fiber achieved a maximum stable output power of 8.3 W at 2.94 μm, corresponding to an energy density of 1061 J cm<sup>–2</sup>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a tellurite fiber capable of stably delivering more than 8 W of Er:YAG laser power at 2.94 μm, highlighting its strong potential for high-power mid-infrared laser applications in surgical medicine and industrial processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 114829"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence and calibration of the angular response of the image sensor on lidar profiles in Scheimpflug lidar techniques Scheimpflug激光雷达技术中图像传感器角响应对激光雷达剖面的影响及校正

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114707

Liang Mei , Hangyi Liu , Xuekai Hong , Xinhong Wang , Yuan Cheng , Xinglong Yang , Zheng Wang , Wei Peng , Zheng Kong

Scheimpflug lidar (SLidar) has emerged as a pivotal tool in atmospheric remote sensing, providing high-resolution detection of aerosol spatiotemporal distributions and their optical-microphysical properties. By exploiting geometrical optics principles, range-resolved atmospheric lidar signals can be obtained from pixel intensities. However, the incident angles of scattered light, varying with the detection distance, could introduce quantum efficiency (QE) variations in tilted image sensors that distort lidar signals, particularly in near-field regimes. In this work, we propose a universal, physics-based angular response correction model (ARCM) that unifies laser scattering angle, image sensor tilt, and receiver off-axis light effects into a pixel-level correction framework. The ARCM introduces a pixelwise correction factor to compensate for QE-induced signal distortions. The performance of the ARCM was systematically validated through theoretical simulations and atmospheric experiments using three SLidar systems with distinct optical configurations, covering both near-horizontal and vertical detection scenarios. Our results reveal discrepancies in the QE angular response among the three SLidar configurations, with extinction coefficient retrieval errors between uncorrected and corrected signals ranging from 3% to 10% at the minimum detection range. Besides, six-day horizontal scanning experiments were also conducted, and the ARCM-corrected extinction coefficients showed strong agreement with in-situ PM_2.5 measurements, with a correlation coefficient of 0.904. Furthermore, quantitative analysis shows that focal length serves as the dominant factor suppressing QE fluctuations, while sensor tilt determines the operational region on the QE curve, resulting in a non-monotonic coupling between SLidar configurations and relative QEs. This work significantly advances the measurement accuracy of the SLidar signal particularly in close range, thereby enhancing its reliability for critical applications in aerosol sensing.

Scheimpflug激光雷达（SLidar）已成为大气遥感的关键工具，提供气溶胶时空分布及其光学微物理特性的高分辨率检测。利用几何光学原理，可以从像元强度中获得距离分辨大气激光雷达信号。然而，散射光的入射角随着探测距离的变化而变化，可能会在倾斜图像传感器中引入量子效率（QE）变化，从而扭曲激光雷达信号，特别是在近场状态下。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个通用的、基于物理的角响应校正模型（ARCM），该模型将激光散射角、图像传感器倾斜和接收器离轴光效应统一到像素级校正框架中。ARCM引入了像素级校正因子来补偿qe引起的信号失真。通过理论模拟和大气实验，系统地验证了ARCM的性能，使用三种不同光学配置的SLidar系统，涵盖近水平和垂直探测场景。我们的研究结果揭示了三种SLidar配置之间的QE角响应差异，在最小检测范围内，未校正和校正信号之间的消光系数检索误差在3%到10%之间。此外，还进行了6 d水平扫描实验，arcm校正的消光系数与PM2.5实测值吻合较好，相关系数为0.904。此外，定量分析表明，焦距是抑制QE波动的主要因素，而传感器倾角决定了QE曲线上的工作区域，导致SLidar配置与相对QE之间存在非单调耦合。这项工作显著提高了SLidar信号的测量精度，特别是在近距离内，从而提高了其在气溶胶传感关键应用中的可靠性。

{"title":"Influence and calibration of the angular response of the image sensor on lidar profiles in Scheimpflug lidar techniques","authors":"Liang Mei , Hangyi Liu , Xuekai Hong , Xinhong Wang , Yuan Cheng , Xinglong Yang , Zheng Wang , Wei Peng , Zheng Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scheimpflug lidar (SLidar) has emerged as a pivotal tool in atmospheric remote sensing, providing high-resolution detection of aerosol spatiotemporal distributions and their optical-microphysical properties. By exploiting geometrical optics principles, range-resolved atmospheric lidar signals can be obtained from pixel intensities. However, the incident angles of scattered light, varying with the detection distance, could introduce quantum efficiency (QE) variations in tilted image sensors that distort lidar signals, particularly in near-field regimes. In this work, we propose a universal, physics-based angular response correction model (ARCM) that unifies laser scattering angle, image sensor tilt, and receiver off-axis light effects into a pixel-level correction framework. The ARCM introduces a pixelwise correction factor to compensate for QE-induced signal distortions. The performance of the ARCM was systematically validated through theoretical simulations and atmospheric experiments using three SLidar systems with distinct optical configurations, covering both near-horizontal and vertical detection scenarios. Our results reveal discrepancies in the QE angular response among the three SLidar configurations, with extinction coefficient retrieval errors between uncorrected and corrected signals ranging from 3% to 10% at the minimum detection range. Besides, six-day horizontal scanning experiments were also conducted, and the ARCM-corrected extinction coefficients showed strong agreement with in-situ PM<sub>2.5</sub> measurements, with a correlation coefficient of 0.904. Furthermore, quantitative analysis shows that focal length serves as the dominant factor suppressing QE fluctuations, while sensor tilt determines the operational region on the QE curve, resulting in a non-monotonic coupling between SLidar configurations and relative QEs. This work significantly advances the measurement accuracy of the SLidar signal particularly in close range, thereby enhancing its reliability for critical applications in aerosol sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 114707"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an optical critical dimension (OCD) measurement model enhanced by transformer-based data augmentation 基于变压器数据增强的光学临界尺寸（OCD）测量模型

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114857

Jinyang Li , Dengji Guo , Ta-Cheng Mo , Yu-Hsiang Hsu , Changliang Zhu , Shien-Ping Feng , Hung-Fei Kuo

As semiconductor devices continue to scale down, manufacturing processes face increasing challenges. This necessitates more efficient metrology techniques to ensure process quality. Critical dimension (CD) measurement is a crucial step in process verification, as deviations in CD directly impact device performance. Optical critical dimension (OCD) method, based on scatterometry, offers a rapid and non-invasive solution in precise measurement. It can analyze diffraction images generated from periodic measurement marks and compare them with references to achieve linewidth measurements. In this work, an OCD measurement framework enhanced with data augmentation via a transformer-based conditional generative adversarial network (TCGAN) is proposed. Grating measurement marks with designed CDs ranging from 400 nm to 600 nm were simulated to generate diffraction images. The two-directional two-dimensional principal components analysis ((2D)²PCA) was applied to extract features and convert these images into sequential data. A TCGAN model was then trained to expand the diffraction dataset, increasing it to 21,000 samples. The augmented dataset was used to train a regression model capable of accurately predicting the linewidth of the grating measurement marks. The proposed model achieved a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.70 nm and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.99 in simulation test, indicating high linear correlation between predictions and ground truth. Experimental validation was conducted using fabricated measurement marks and the designed optics, achieving an RMSE of 1.14 nm, further confirming the effectiveness of TCGAN-assisted OCD measurement method.

随着半导体器件的不断缩小，制造工艺面临越来越多的挑战。这就需要更有效的计量技术来确保过程质量。关键尺寸（CD）测量是工艺验证的关键步骤，因为CD的偏差直接影响器件的性能。光学临界尺寸法（OCD）是一种基于散射法的快速、无创的精确测量方法。它可以分析由周期性测量标记产生的衍射图像，并将其与参考文献进行比较，从而实现线宽测量。在这项工作中，提出了一个通过基于变压器的条件生成对抗网络（TCGAN）增强数据增强的强迫症测量框架。对设计的CDs范围为400 ~ 600 nm的光栅测量标记进行了模拟，生成了衍射图像。利用双向二维主成分分析（two-directional two principal components analysis, 2D）2PCA提取特征，并将这些图像转换为序列数据。然后训练TCGAN模型来扩展衍射数据集，将其增加到21,000个样本。利用增强的数据集训练能够准确预测光栅测量标记线宽的回归模型。在模拟测试中，该模型的均方根误差（RMSE）为0.70 nm，决定系数（R2）为0.99，表明预测结果与实际情况具有较高的线性相关性。利用自制的测量标记和设计的光学器件进行实验验证，RMSE为1.14 nm，进一步证实了tcgan辅助OCD测量方法的有效性。

{"title":"Development of an optical critical dimension (OCD) measurement model enhanced by transformer-based data augmentation","authors":"Jinyang Li , Dengji Guo , Ta-Cheng Mo , Yu-Hsiang Hsu , Changliang Zhu , Shien-Ping Feng , Hung-Fei Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As semiconductor devices continue to scale down, manufacturing processes face increasing challenges. This necessitates more efficient metrology techniques to ensure process quality. Critical dimension (CD) measurement is a crucial step in process verification, as deviations in CD directly impact device performance. Optical critical dimension (OCD) method, based on scatterometry, offers a rapid and non-invasive solution in precise measurement. It can analyze diffraction images generated from periodic measurement marks and compare them with references to achieve linewidth measurements. In this work, an OCD measurement framework enhanced with data augmentation via a transformer-based conditional generative adversarial network (TCGAN) is proposed. Grating measurement marks with designed CDs ranging from 400 nm to 600 nm were simulated to generate diffraction images. The two-directional two-dimensional principal components analysis ((2D)<sup>2</sup>PCA) was applied to extract features and convert these images into sequential data. A TCGAN model was then trained to expand the diffraction dataset, increasing it to 21,000 samples. The augmented dataset was used to train a regression model capable of accurately predicting the linewidth of the grating measurement marks. The proposed model achieved a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.70 nm and a coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.99 in simulation test, indicating high linear correlation between predictions and ground truth. Experimental validation was conducted using fabricated measurement marks and the designed optics, achieving an RMSE of 1.14 nm, further confirming the effectiveness of TCGAN-assisted OCD measurement method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 114857"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A robust topologically guided optical fiber with ultra-low confinement loss 一种鲁棒的超低约束损耗拓扑引导光纤

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114831

Somashreeta Roy , Abhijit Biswas , Bishnu P. Pal , Somnath Ghosh

We propose an innovative topological optical fiber inspired by the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model, which enables robust light confinement in the core at the telecom wavelength of 1.55

μ

m. Its design features a 1D dielectric periodic quarter-wave stack with inversion symmetry, which supports a topological interface state identified via Zak phase analysis based on the Wilson-loop method and transmission spectra. Further, validation of our model is achieved by mapping it with the winding behaviors of the SSH tight-binding model that rely on Maxwell’s solutions. The designed fiber yields a small and tunable mode area of 0.61

{μ m}^{2}

, dispersion of 5 ps/nm.km, and low confinement loss of 0.26 dB/km, with potential to reduce it further to an attractively lower value (as low as 0.01 dB/km) via geometric optimization. A pulse propagation study is reported by using the Split-Step-Fourier-Method to solve the normalized nonlinear Schrodinger Equation. A hyperbolic secant input pulse with 170 mW peak power, 0.5 ps width, exhibits only 1% loss in power over a 40 km length with minimal broadening. The fiber geometry also enables light guidance in air, expanding its potential applications for the transmission of qubits for quantum communications due to significantly lower latency.

本文提出了一种基于Su-Schrieffer-Heeger模型的新型拓扑光纤，该光纤在1.55μ m的通信波长处实现了核心的鲁棒光约束，其设计特点是具有反演对称性的一维介电周期四分之一波堆叠，支持基于Wilson-loop方法和透射光谱的Zak相位分析识别的拓扑界面状态。此外，通过将我们的模型与依赖于麦克斯韦解的SSH紧密绑定模型的缠绕行为进行映射来验证我们的模型。该光纤的模面积小，可调，为0.61 μm2，色散为5 ps/nm。约束损耗低至0.26 dB/km，并有可能通过几何优化进一步降低到更低的值（低至0.01 dB/km）。用分步傅里叶法求解归一化非线性薛定谔方程，研究了脉冲的传播。一个峰值功率为170 mW，宽度为0.5 ps的双曲正割输入脉冲，在40公里的长度上只有1%的功率损失，宽度最小。光纤几何结构还可以实现空气中的光导，由于延迟显着降低，扩展了其在量子通信中传输量子比特的潜在应用。

{"title":"A robust topologically guided optical fiber with ultra-low confinement loss","authors":"Somashreeta Roy , Abhijit Biswas , Bishnu P. Pal , Somnath Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose an innovative topological optical fiber inspired by the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model, which enables robust light confinement in the core at the telecom wavelength of 1.55<span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span> m. Its design features a 1<em>D</em> dielectric periodic quarter-wave stack with inversion symmetry, which supports a topological interface state identified via Zak phase analysis based on the Wilson-loop method and transmission spectra. Further, validation of our model is achieved by mapping it with the winding behaviors of the SSH tight-binding model that rely on Maxwell’s solutions. The designed fiber yields a small and tunable mode area of 0.61 <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span>, dispersion of 5 ps/nm.km, and low confinement loss of 0.26 dB/km, with potential to reduce it further to an attractively lower value (as low as 0.01 dB/km) via geometric optimization. A pulse propagation study is reported by using the Split-Step-Fourier-Method to solve the normalized nonlinear Schrodinger Equation. A hyperbolic secant input pulse with 170 mW peak power, 0.5 ps width, exhibits only 1% loss in power over a 40 km length with minimal broadening. The fiber geometry also enables light guidance in air, expanding its potential applications for the transmission of qubits for quantum communications due to significantly lower latency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 114831"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A high performance deep learning based single-pixel image reconstruction framework integrating the U-Net structure with improved Mamba modules 一种高性能的基于深度学习的单像素图像重建框架，集成了U-Net结构和改进的Mamba模块

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114781

Shaowei Feng, Lieshan Zhang, Yang Yang, Qinhao Xu, Yuanchao Hu

In order to address the limitations of insufficient reconstruction quality and low imaging efficiency in single-pixel imaging (SPI) under undersampled conditions, this paper proposes a hybrid deep learning network that integrates the U-Net structure with Mamba modules, termed UMSPI (U-Mamba Single-Pixel Imaging). The proposed method utilizes the local feature restoration capability of U-Net and the long-range dependency modeling ability of the Mamba architecture by embedding Mamba modules in both the encoder and decoder stages. This approach enables joint modeling of global and local features. To maintain spatial continuity and enhance sequence correlation, UMSPI introduces a compound s-shaped displacement scanning (CSDS) strategy and a sequence shuffle attention (SSA) mechanism within the Mamba modules. This enables the model to adaptively aggregate global information from different scanning sequences during the reconstruction process. Numerical simulation and single-pixel imaging experiments were carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed image reconstruction framework. The simulation results show that at sampling rates of 5%, 10% and 20%, the proposed UMSPI method achieves a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) than the traditional CS-TV algorithm and existing deep learning-based SPI approaches, including RNN, U-Net and its variants, Transformer, and CMSPI. Moreover, UMSPI maintains relatively low computational complexity and reconstruction time. Experimental results on both 2D and 3D targets further confirm its ability to produce clear and structurally consistent reconstructions, demonstrating superior robustness and generalization.

为了解决欠采样条件下单像素成像（SPI）重建质量不足和成像效率低的局限性，本文提出了一种将U-Net结构与Mamba模块相结合的混合深度学习网络，称为UMSPI （U-Mamba single-pixel imaging）。该方法利用U-Net的局部特征恢复能力和Mamba体系结构的远程依赖建模能力，在编码器和解码器阶段同时嵌入Mamba模块。这种方法支持对全局和局部特征进行联合建模。为了保持空间连续性和增强序列相关性，UMSPI在Mamba模块中引入了复合s形位移扫描（CSDS）策略和序列洗洗注意（SSA）机制。这使得该模型能够在重建过程中自适应地聚合来自不同扫描序列的全局信息。通过数值模拟和单像素成像实验对所提出的图像重建框架的性能进行了研究。仿真结果表明，在5%、10%和20%的采样率下，所提出的UMSPI方法比传统的CS-TV算法和现有的基于深度学习的SPI方法（包括RNN、U-Net及其变体、Transformer和CMSPI）具有更高的峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似性指数（SSIM）。此外，UMSPI保持了相对较低的计算复杂度和重建时间。在二维和三维目标上的实验结果进一步证实了该方法能够产生清晰且结构一致的重建，显示出优越的鲁棒性和泛化能力。

{"title":"A high performance deep learning based single-pixel image reconstruction framework integrating the U-Net structure with improved Mamba modules","authors":"Shaowei Feng, Lieshan Zhang, Yang Yang, Qinhao Xu, Yuanchao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to address the limitations of insufficient reconstruction quality and low imaging efficiency in single-pixel imaging (SPI) under undersampled conditions, this paper proposes a hybrid deep learning network that integrates the U-Net structure with Mamba modules, termed UMSPI (U-Mamba Single-Pixel Imaging). The proposed method utilizes the local feature restoration capability of U-Net and the long-range dependency modeling ability of the Mamba architecture by embedding Mamba modules in both the encoder and decoder stages. This approach enables joint modeling of global and local features. To maintain spatial continuity and enhance sequence correlation, UMSPI introduces a compound s-shaped displacement scanning (CSDS) strategy and a sequence shuffle attention (SSA) mechanism within the Mamba modules. This enables the model to adaptively aggregate global information from different scanning sequences during the reconstruction process. Numerical simulation and single-pixel imaging experiments were carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed image reconstruction framework. The simulation results show that at sampling rates of 5%, 10% and 20%, the proposed UMSPI method achieves a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) than the traditional CS-TV algorithm and existing deep learning-based SPI approaches, including RNN, U-Net and its variants, Transformer, and CMSPI. Moreover, UMSPI maintains relatively low computational complexity and reconstruction time. Experimental results on both 2D and 3D targets further confirm its ability to produce clear and structurally consistent reconstructions, demonstrating superior robustness and generalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 114781"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of irradiation and thermal treatment on the amplification property and defect structures in Bi/Ge Co-doped silica fiber 辐照和热处理对Bi/Ge共掺二氧化硅光纤放大性能和缺陷结构的影响

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114808

Ciying Chen , Jinmin Tian , Mengting Guo , Xin Li , Yiming Zhu , Chongyun Shao , Meng Wang , Fan Wang , Ning Zhou , Chunlei Yu , Lili Hu

Bismuth active centers (BACs) govern the gain in bismuth-doped fibers, with their performance directly tied to defect dynamics. This study examines X-ray irradiation effects in Bi/Ge co-doped fiber. Combining in-situ gain measurements with Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy reveals that while irradiation degrades gain magnitude, the spectral profile remains intact, demonstrating inherent radiation resistance. The broadband loss stems from the proliferation of germanium-related defects, while the relatively stable silicon defects preserve the spectral shape. Thermal annealing at 85 °C reduces defects and partially restores gain, though room-temperature aging triggers defect regeneration of specific germanium centers. This work elucidates both the radiation resistance mechanisms and the critical role of defect engineering in bismuth-doped optical fibers.

铋活性中心（BACs）控制着掺铋光纤的增益，其性能与缺陷动力学直接相关。本文研究了x射线在Bi/Ge共掺光纤中的辐照效应。将原位增益测量与电子顺磁共振（EPR）光谱相结合表明，虽然辐照降低了增益幅度，但光谱剖面保持完整，显示出固有的抗辐射能力。宽带损耗源于锗相关缺陷的扩散，而相对稳定的硅缺陷则保持了光谱形状。85°C的热退火减少了缺陷并部分恢复了增益，尽管室温时效会触发特定锗中心的缺陷再生。本研究阐明了掺铋光纤的抗辐射机理和缺陷工程的关键作用。

引用次数: 0

Sensitivity enhancement of four-core fiber helical long-period gratings near dispersion turning point 色散拐点附近四芯光纤螺旋长周期光栅的灵敏度增强

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114828

Yunhe Zhao , Yan Jiang , Xin Wang , Siyu Chen , Chengbo Mou , Yunqi Liu , Lin Ma , Zuyuan He

Multicore fiber has been widely used in various applications, such as communications and sensing. In this work, we demonstrate sensitivity enhancement in in a four-core fiber (FCF) achieved using a CO₂-laser-inscribed helical long-period gratings (HLPGs) operating near the dispersion turning point (DTP). In experiment, a series of FCF-HLPGs have been fabricated, and the FCF-HLPGs work near DTP could be obtained with grating periods adjusted properly in the range of 250–260 μm. Then, a comprehensive investigation of the sensing responses of FCF-HLPGs near and at DTP to external parameters such as curvature, torsion, temperature and surrounding refractive index (SRI) were presented. The special design of FCF that three outer cores are arranged in a triangular configuration around a central core, combined with the helical index modulation, alters the sensor’s sensing behaviors presenting a highly linear response to curvature across all orientations. Moreover, the FCF-HLPGs operating near the DTP exhibit markedly enhanced sensitivity to curvature, torsion, temperature, and SRI, reaching up to 21.721 nm/m⁻¹, 1 nm/(rad/m), 0.273 nm/°C, and 946.7 nm/RIU respectively. Therefore, the proposed HLPGs near DTP is potential for advanced sensing applications, contributing to the development of innovative solutions in the field of fiber optic sensors.

多芯光纤在通信、传感等领域有着广泛的应用。在这项工作中，我们展示了使用在色散拐点（DTP）附近工作的co2激光内切螺旋长周期光栅（hlpg）实现的四芯光纤（FCF）的灵敏度增强。在实验中，制备了一系列fcf - hlpg，在250 ~ 260 μm范围内适当调整光栅周期，fcf - hlpg可以在DTP附近工作。然后，全面研究了fcf - hlpg在DTP附近和DTP处对曲率、扭转、温度和周围折射率（SRI）等外部参数的传感响应。FCF的特殊设计，即三个外芯围绕中心芯以三角形结构排列，结合螺旋折射率调制，改变了传感器的感知行为，在所有方向上对曲率都表现出高度线性响应。此外，在DTP附近工作的fcf - hlpg对曲率、扭转、温度和SRI的敏感性显著增强，分别达到21.721 nm/m−1、1 nm/(rad/m)、0.273 nm/°C和946.7 nm/RIU。因此，提出的靠近DTP的hlpg具有先进传感应用的潜力，有助于光纤传感器领域创新解决方案的发展。

{"title":"Sensitivity enhancement of four-core fiber helical long-period gratings near dispersion turning point","authors":"Yunhe Zhao , Yan Jiang , Xin Wang , Siyu Chen , Chengbo Mou , Yunqi Liu , Lin Ma , Zuyuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multicore fiber has been widely used in various applications, such as communications and sensing. In this work, we demonstrate sensitivity enhancement in in a four-core fiber (FCF) achieved using a CO<sub>2</sub>-laser-inscribed helical long-period gratings (HLPGs) operating near the dispersion turning point (DTP). In experiment, a series of FCF-HLPGs have been fabricated, and the FCF-HLPGs work near DTP could be obtained with grating periods adjusted properly in the range of 250–260 μm. Then, a comprehensive investigation of the sensing responses of FCF-HLPGs near and at DTP to external parameters such as curvature, torsion, temperature and surrounding refractive index (SRI) were presented. The special design of FCF that three outer cores are arranged in a triangular configuration around a central core, combined with the helical index modulation, alters the sensor’s sensing behaviors presenting a highly linear response to curvature across all orientations. Moreover, the FCF-HLPGs operating near the DTP exhibit markedly enhanced sensitivity to curvature, torsion, temperature, and SRI, reaching up to 21.721 nm/m<sup>−1</sup>, 1 nm/(rad/m), 0.273 nm/°C, and 946.7 nm/RIU respectively. Therefore, the proposed HLPGs near DTP is potential for advanced sensing applications, contributing to the development of innovative solutions in the field of fiber optic sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 114828"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transient perfect excitation of transverse-electric surface plasmon-polaritons in graphene for active carrier dynamics 石墨烯中横向电表面等离子体极化子的瞬态完美激发及主动载流子动力学

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114773

Lixun Sun , Yuyang Xiao , Alexandros Pitilakis , Emmanouil E. Kriezis , Ting Mei

Graphene exhibits exceptional nonlinear optical properties, yet its practical applications are hindered by low light-matter interaction efficiency. To address this challenge, this work introduces a hot electron model for graphene, built upon the nonlinear electromagnetic response of carriers with transient admittance and wavevector matching, which enables the design of structures that achieve perfect excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons in graphene at tailored wavelengths and precisely controlled temporal instances during nonequilibrium conductivity dynamics. By fabricating two simple bilayer stratified structures with slight variations in parameters, we experimentally demonstrate precise temporal control over the perfect coupling condition that allows exceptional reflection sensitivity to graphene’s nonlinear conductivity, providing a novel mechanism for active modulation of carrier lifetimes and transport properties. This work establishes a practical strategy for enhancing light-graphene interactions in simple stratified structures, enabling fine monitoring, sensing, and manipulation of emergent nonlinear dynamics, with significant potential for high-performance photonic and optoelectronic devices.

石墨烯具有优异的非线性光学特性，但其实际应用受到低光-物质相互作用效率的阻碍。为了解决这一挑战，本研究引入了石墨烯的热电子模型，该模型建立在具有瞬态导纳和波矢量匹配的载流子的非线性电磁响应基础上，使结构设计能够在定制波长下实现石墨烯表面等离子体极化子的完美激发，并在非平衡电导率动力学期间精确控制时间实例。通过制造两个参数略有变化的简单双层分层结构，我们通过实验证明了对完美耦合条件的精确时间控制，从而实现了对石墨烯非线性电导率的卓越反射灵敏度，为主动调制载流子寿命和输运性质提供了一种新机制。这项工作建立了一种在简单分层结构中增强光-石墨烯相互作用的实用策略，实现了对新兴非线性动力学的精细监测、传感和操纵，具有高性能光子和光电子器件的巨大潜力。

{"title":"Transient perfect excitation of transverse-electric surface plasmon-polaritons in graphene for active carrier dynamics","authors":"Lixun Sun , Yuyang Xiao , Alexandros Pitilakis , Emmanouil E. Kriezis , Ting Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene exhibits exceptional nonlinear optical properties, yet its practical applications are hindered by low light-matter interaction efficiency. To address this challenge, this work introduces a hot electron model for graphene, built upon the nonlinear electromagnetic response of carriers with transient admittance and wavevector matching, which enables the design of structures that achieve perfect excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons in graphene at tailored wavelengths and precisely controlled temporal instances during nonequilibrium conductivity dynamics. By fabricating two simple bilayer stratified structures with slight variations in parameters, we experimentally demonstrate precise temporal control over the perfect coupling condition that allows exceptional reflection sensitivity to graphene’s nonlinear conductivity, providing a novel mechanism for active modulation of carrier lifetimes and transport properties. This work establishes a practical strategy for enhancing light-graphene interactions in simple stratified structures, enabling fine monitoring, sensing, and manipulation of emergent nonlinear dynamics, with significant potential for high-performance photonic and optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 114773"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vector-vortex beam identification via optical correlation using deconvolution-derived filter design 矢量涡旋光束识别通过光学相关使用反卷积衍生滤波器设计

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114785

Akash Pal , Allarakha Shikder , Jyothish Monikantan , Naveen K. Nishchal

Vector-vortex beams, characterized by phase and polarization singularities, are widely used in the domains of communication, sensing, quantum optics, and many more. Successful implementation of vector-vortex beams requires fast and efficient detection, along with characteristic feature extraction. By leveraging the fast information processing capabilities of an optical correlator, we propose a correlation-based identification technique for the topological charge and type of a vector-vortex beam. The proposed technique utilizes a deconvolution-derived correlation filter, which can carry information about multiple training functions. The method is demonstrated for Gaussian, Laguerre-Gaussian, and Bessel-Gaussian vector-vortex beams. With observed simulation and experimental outcomes, the vector-vortex beam identification technique is validated. Through the fabrication of ideal correlation outputs, the proposed technique efficiently identifies the input vector-vortex beam by locating the correlation peak. The identification capability of the proposed technique highlights the potential of a real-time classification system for versatile applications, paving the way for the development of an efficient vector-vortex beam identification device.

以相位和偏振奇点为特征的矢量涡旋光束在通信、传感、量子光学等领域有着广泛的应用。矢量涡旋光束的成功实现需要快速有效的检测，以及特征提取。利用光学相关器的快速信息处理能力，提出了一种基于相关的矢量涡旋光束拓扑电荷和类型识别技术。该技术利用反卷积衍生的相关滤波器，可以携带多个训练函数的信息。对高斯光束、拉盖尔-高斯光束和贝塞尔-高斯光束进行了验证。仿真和实验结果验证了矢量涡旋光束识别技术的有效性。该方法通过制造理想的相关输出，通过定位相关峰，有效地识别输入矢量涡旋光束。该技术的识别能力突出了实时分类系统在多种应用中的潜力，为开发高效的矢量涡旋光束识别装置铺平了道路。

{"title":"Vector-vortex beam identification via optical correlation using deconvolution-derived filter design","authors":"Akash Pal , Allarakha Shikder , Jyothish Monikantan , Naveen K. Nishchal","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vector-vortex beams, characterized by phase and polarization singularities, are widely used in the domains of communication, sensing, quantum optics, and many more. Successful implementation of vector-vortex beams requires fast and efficient detection, along with characteristic feature extraction. By leveraging the fast information processing capabilities of an optical correlator, we propose a correlation-based identification technique for the topological charge and type of a vector-vortex beam. The proposed technique utilizes a deconvolution-derived correlation filter, which can carry information about multiple training functions. The method is demonstrated for Gaussian, Laguerre-Gaussian, and Bessel-Gaussian vector-vortex beams. With observed simulation and experimental outcomes, the vector-vortex beam identification technique is validated. Through the fabrication of ideal correlation outputs, the proposed technique efficiently identifies the input vector-vortex beam by locating the correlation peak. The identification capability of the proposed technique highlights the potential of a real-time classification system for versatile applications, paving the way for the development of an efficient vector-vortex beam identification device.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 114785"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A glucose biosensor with temperature and pH compensation based on mode resonance coupling in hole-assisted multi-core fiber 基于孔辅助多芯光纤模式共振耦合的温度和pH补偿葡萄糖生物传感器

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Optics and Laser Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114754

Junhui Yang, Yao Bai, Jing Yang, Can Yang, Peng Ye, Shan Gao, Jinhui Shi, Chunying Guan

External temperature and pH variations inevitably affect the measurement accuracy of the enzymatic biosensors. In order to solve this problem, a glucose biosensor with temperature and pH compensation was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The biosensor is composed of a segment of hole-assisted three-core fiber (HATCF) and a segment of hole-assisted dual-core fiber (HADCF) in series and achieve three-parameter detection of glucose concentration, temperature and pH based on mode resonance coupling. One suspended core of the HATCF is functionalized with graphene oxide (GO)/glucose oxidase (GOD) for glucose concentration detection, and the other suspended core is utilized for temperature monitoring. The HADCF filled with polyacrylamide hydrogel is used to monitor pH change. This biosensor exhibits a linear response with a sensitivity of 6.82 nm/(mg/mL) under optimal reaction condition (T = 35 °C, pH = 7.0), enabling simultaneous glucose detection and monitoring of the reaction environment temperature and pH. The advantages of stable response, high selectivity, compact size, and three-parameter simultaneous detection make the proposed biosensor a significant candidate for its applications in multi-parameter sensing, environmental biomonitoring and real-time interference compensation detection.

外部温度和pH值的变化不可避免地影响酶生物传感器的测量精度。为了解决这一问题，提出了一种具有温度和pH补偿的葡萄糖生物传感器，并进行了实验验证。该生物传感器由一段孔辅助三芯光纤（HATCF）和一段孔辅助双芯光纤（HADCF）串联组成，基于模式共振耦合实现葡萄糖浓度、温度和pH的三参数检测。HATCF的一个悬浮核心被氧化石墨烯(GO)/葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）功能化，用于葡萄糖浓度检测，另一个悬浮核心用于温度监测。填充聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的HADCF用于监测pH值的变化。在最佳反应条件（T = 35℃，pH = 7.0）下，该生物传感器的线性响应灵敏度为6.82 nm/(mg/mL)，可以同时检测葡萄糖，同时监测反应环境温度和pH。该传感器具有响应稳定、选择性高、体积小、三参数同时检测等优点，是多参数传感应用的重要候选。环境生物监测与实时干扰补偿检测。

{"title":"A glucose biosensor with temperature and pH compensation based on mode resonance coupling in hole-assisted multi-core fiber","authors":"Junhui Yang, Yao Bai, Jing Yang, Can Yang, Peng Ye, Shan Gao, Jinhui Shi, Chunying Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>External temperature and pH variations inevitably affect the measurement accuracy of the enzymatic biosensors. In order to solve this problem, a glucose biosensor with temperature and pH compensation was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The biosensor is composed of a segment of hole-assisted three-core fiber (HATCF) and a segment of hole-assisted dual-core fiber (HADCF) in series and achieve three-parameter detection of glucose concentration, temperature and pH based on mode resonance coupling. One suspended core of the HATCF is functionalized with graphene oxide (GO)/glucose oxidase (GOD) for glucose concentration detection, and the other suspended core is utilized for temperature monitoring. The HADCF filled with polyacrylamide hydrogel is used to monitor pH change. This biosensor exhibits a linear response with a sensitivity of 6.82 nm/(mg/mL) under optimal reaction condition (T = 35 °C, pH = 7.0), enabling simultaneous glucose detection and monitoring of the reaction environment temperature and pH. The advantages of stable response, high selectivity, compact size, and three-parameter simultaneous detection make the proposed biosensor a significant candidate for its applications in multi-parameter sensing, environmental biomonitoring and real-time interference compensation detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 114754"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0