Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.10
Aliva Das, P. K. Samant, B. Jena, S. Dwibedi, R. K. Patra, D. Sarangi
A field experiment was conducted in the central farm, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Coastal Zone OUAT, Bhubaneswar during kharif 2020 using cv-Lalat variety of rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. In this experiment, Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag was used as a source of silica for application in rice crop. 200, 300 and 400 kg SiO2ha-1 was applied in combination with 50% Soil Test Dose (STD) and 75% STD in order to assess the efficacy of Silica with reduction in fertilizer dose by 50% and 25%. The result indicated that there was significant increase in number of effective tillers per plant and length of the panicle, but no significant increase was observed in case of 1000 grain weight over control. In case of grain yield, straw yield and harvest index, 100% STD registered maximum (36.9q/ha) grain yield which was 29.4% more than that of control. In case of 50% or 75% STD with 300kg SiO2ha-1 grain yield was at par with 100% STD, which indicated that silica application has the capability to reduce the fertilizer dose. Harvest index was not significantly affected by Si treatments. However, maximum HI (0.478) was observed in 75% STD + 300 kg SiO2ha-1. The present study showed increase in pH and organic carbon content in post-harvest soil which suggests that application of silica has the capacity to correct soil acidity and improve soil organic carbon in acidic laterite soils.
2020年秋季，在布巴内斯瓦尔沿海地区区域研究和技术转移站的中心农场，使用cv-Lalat品种水稻进行了田间试验。试验采用随机区组设计(RBD)， 10个处理，3个重复。本试验以碱性氧炉(BOF)炉渣为原料，在水稻生产中应用二氧化硅。采用200、300和400 kg SiO2ha-1与50%土壤试验剂量(STD)和75%土壤试验剂量(STD)相结合的方法，以减少50%和25%的施肥量来评价二氧化硅的效果。结果表明，单株有效分蘖数和穗长均显著增加，但千粒重超过对照时，有效分蘖数和穗长无显著增加。在籽粒产量、秸秆产量和收获指数方面，100% STD的籽粒产量最高(36.9q/ha)，比对照提高29.4%。在50%或75%施量300kg SiO2ha-1的情况下，籽粒产量与100%施量相当，说明施用二氧化硅具有减量的作用。Si处理对收获指数影响不显著。然而，75% STD + 300 kg SiO2ha-1时观察到最大HI(0.478)。本研究表明，采后土壤pH值和有机碳含量增加，表明在酸性红土土壤中施用二氧化硅具有纠正土壤酸性和提高土壤有机碳的能力。
{"title":"Assessment of suitable dose of calcium silicate to rice and its impact on soil properties in laterite soils of Odisha","authors":"Aliva Das, P. K. Samant, B. Jena, S. Dwibedi, R. K. Patra, D. Sarangi","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted in the central farm, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Coastal Zone OUAT, Bhubaneswar during kharif 2020 using cv-Lalat variety of rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. In this experiment, Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag was used as a source of silica for application in rice crop. 200, 300 and 400 kg SiO2ha-1 was applied in combination with 50% Soil Test Dose (STD) and 75% STD in order to assess the efficacy of Silica with reduction in fertilizer dose by 50% and 25%. The result indicated that there was significant increase in number of effective tillers per plant and length of the panicle, but no significant increase was observed in case of 1000 grain weight over control. In case of grain yield, straw yield and harvest index, 100% STD registered maximum (36.9q/ha) grain yield which was 29.4% more than that of control. In case of 50% or 75% STD with 300kg SiO2ha-1 grain yield was at par with 100% STD, which indicated that silica application has the capability to reduce the fertilizer dose. Harvest index was not significantly affected by Si treatments. However, maximum HI (0.478) was observed in 75% STD + 300 kg SiO2ha-1. The present study showed increase in pH and organic carbon content in post-harvest soil which suggests that application of silica has the capacity to correct soil acidity and improve soil organic carbon in acidic laterite soils.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86051095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.15
H. K. Jaiswal, Aarti Sharma
A study was undertaken on 36 F1s obtained from diallel (without reciprocals) mating design to explicate the genetic behavior of traditional and evolved basmati varieties for 14 traits. F1s were divided into traditional x traditional (T x T); evolved x evolved (E x E) and traditional x evolved (T x E) basmati types; amidst which E x E and T x E type of crosses exhibited high positive average heterosis in comparison to T x T type of crosses for yield per plant trait. Assessment of quality traits for average heterosis indicated that, all the three types of crosses were equally effective for KL, KB and LBR. Manifestation of average heterosis for KLAC was better in TxT type as none of the ExE type of crosses showed significant positive heterosis; likewise, among 20 T x E type of crosses only 3 crosses showed significant positive heterosis. Heritability in narrow sense was high for: MPL, 100-GW, NGP, YPP, KL, LBR, and KLAC.
对36个采用双列杂交(无往复杂交)设计的F1s品种进行了遗传行为分析，分析了传统和进化的香米品种在14个性状上的遗传行为。f1分为传统x传统(T x T);进化的x进化的(E x E)和传统的x进化的(T x E)巴斯马蒂类型;其中，E × E型和T × E型杂交在单株产量性状上表现出较高的正平均杂种优势。平均杂种优势品质性状评价结果表明，3种杂交组合对KL、KB和LBR均具有同等效果。TxT型KLAC的平均杂种优势表现较好，ExE型杂交均未表现出显著的正杂种优势;同样，在20个T × E型杂交组合中，只有3个表现出显著的正杂种优势。MPL、100-GW、NGP、YPP、KL、LBR和KLAC的狭义遗传力较高。
{"title":"Heterosis for yield and quality traits in traditional and evolved Basmati","authors":"H. K. Jaiswal, Aarti Sharma","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken on 36 F1s obtained from diallel (without reciprocals) mating design to explicate the genetic behavior of traditional and evolved basmati varieties for 14 traits. F1s were divided into traditional x traditional (T x T); evolved x evolved (E x E) and traditional x evolved (T x E) basmati types; amidst which E x E and T x E type of crosses exhibited high positive average heterosis in comparison to T x T type of crosses for yield per plant trait. Assessment of quality traits for average heterosis indicated that, all the three types of crosses were equally effective for KL, KB and LBR. Manifestation of average heterosis for KLAC was better in TxT type as none of the ExE type of crosses showed significant positive heterosis; likewise, among 20 T x E type of crosses only 3 crosses showed significant positive heterosis. Heritability in narrow sense was high for: MPL, 100-GW, NGP, YPP, KL, LBR, and KLAC.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72631270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.5
S. Parida, G. K. Dash, K. C. Samal, P. Swain
The role of antioxidative enzymes as reactive oxygen species-scavengers under water-limited (WL) conditions was studied in five contrasting rice genotypes, including two checks (Sahabhagidhan as a tolerant genotype and IR 64 as a susceptible genotype). The experiment was performed in pots, and the irrigation was withdrawn five days before flowering for 15 days. For stress imposition, stress pots were maintained at 50% field capacity whereas nonstress pots were maintained at 100% field capacity. The antioxidant enzyme activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX), was significantly increased under the WL conditions. Genotypes Sahabhagidhan and Parijata had the highest SOD, CAT, and POX activity with the lowest production of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). At the same time, IR 64 and Prasad exhibited the lowest SOD, CAT, and POX activity, suggesting a lower potential to eliminate oxidative stress. The higher scavenging capacity of free radicals in Sahabhagidhan and Parijata was supplemented by the higher level of relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), Maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, and low lipid peroxidation which resulted in higher grain yield accompanied by higher biomass partitioning towards the grain.
{"title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and response of antioxidants as ROS-scavengers in contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under drought stress","authors":"S. Parida, G. K. Dash, K. C. Samal, P. Swain","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The role of antioxidative enzymes as reactive oxygen species-scavengers under water-limited (WL) conditions was studied in five contrasting rice genotypes, including two checks (Sahabhagidhan as a tolerant genotype and IR 64 as a susceptible genotype). The experiment was performed in pots, and the irrigation was withdrawn five days before flowering for 15 days. For stress imposition, stress pots were maintained at 50% field capacity whereas nonstress pots were maintained at 100% field capacity. The antioxidant enzyme activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX), was significantly increased under the WL conditions. Genotypes Sahabhagidhan and Parijata had the highest SOD, CAT, and POX activity with the lowest production of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). At the same time, IR 64 and Prasad exhibited the lowest SOD, CAT, and POX activity, suggesting a lower potential to eliminate oxidative stress. The higher scavenging capacity of free radicals in Sahabhagidhan and Parijata was supplemented by the higher level of relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), Maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, and low lipid peroxidation which resulted in higher grain yield accompanied by higher biomass partitioning towards the grain.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83689050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.14
Abhilasha P, Ushosee Pal, RN Nayak, G. Sahoo, M. Mahapatra, K. Rayaguru
A study was undertaken to standardise the soaking and germination time for preparation of germinated brown rice (GBR). Freshly harvested paddy of Prativa variety was dehusked (dehusked or dehulled) in rubber roll sheller to get brown rice which was soaked in demineralised water followed by germination at 27±1oC temperature and 85-90 % relative humidity for different time period. The soaking and germination time were standardised based on moisture content, germination percentage, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and total microbial load for preparation of germinated brown rice. Germination percentage and GABA content increased significantly with germination time (p<0.05). Soaking of brown rice for 12 h followed by 24 h germination was standardised for preparation of germinated brown rice to get maximum GABA content of 70.3 mg/100 g d.m.
对制备发芽糙米(GBR)的浸泡和发芽时间进行了标准化研究。将新鲜收获的Prativa品种稻谷在橡胶辊脱壳机中脱壳(脱壳或脱壳)得到糙米，糙米经脱盐水浸泡后，在27±1℃、85 ~ 90%相对湿度条件下不同时间萌发。以水分含量、发芽率、γ -氨基丁酸(GABA)含量和微生物总负荷为标准，对发芽糙米的浸泡和萌发时间进行了标准化。萌发率和GABA含量随萌发时间的延长而显著增加(p<0.05)。糙米浸泡12 h，发芽24 h，可制得发芽糙米，最高GABA含量为70.3 mg/100 g d.m。
{"title":"Standardisation of soaking and germination time for preparation of germinated brown rice","authors":"Abhilasha P, Ushosee Pal, RN Nayak, G. Sahoo, M. Mahapatra, K. Rayaguru","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to standardise the soaking and germination time for preparation of germinated brown rice (GBR). Freshly harvested paddy of Prativa variety was dehusked (dehusked or dehulled) in rubber roll sheller to get brown rice which was soaked in demineralised water followed by germination at 27±1oC temperature and 85-90 % relative humidity for different time period. The soaking and germination time were standardised based on moisture content, germination percentage, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and total microbial load for preparation of germinated brown rice. Germination percentage and GABA content increased significantly with germination time (p<0.05). Soaking of brown rice for 12 h followed by 24 h germination was standardised for preparation of germinated brown rice to get maximum GABA content of 70.3 mg/100 g d.m.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82547981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.5
Naseerunnisa Mohmmed, A. Kuna, S. Sarkar, M. Azam, L. K, K. V
Germinated brown rice (GBR) is an emerging health food that has received attention due to its nutritional composition, especially Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA). The objective of this research was to germinate two brown rice varieties MTU 1010 and KNM 118 at various germination hours (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 hours) to determine the best yield and correlate with the nutritional composition and GABA content. Brown rice soaked in water for 12 hours at 28 ± 2ºC followed by 24 to 36 hours germination was found to have optimum yield (85%) with good nutritional and GABA content. Protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate content and energy content among all samples were highest at 24 hours and 36 hours of germination. Pearson correlation coefficient performed between yield, germination hours and nutritional parameters of both varieties, indicated a positive correlation between germination hours and GABA content in both varieties.
{"title":"Effect of germination on yield, physico-chemical properties, nutritional composition and GABA content in germinated brown rice","authors":"Naseerunnisa Mohmmed, A. Kuna, S. Sarkar, M. Azam, L. K, K. V","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Germinated brown rice (GBR) is an emerging health food that has received attention due to its nutritional composition, especially Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA). The objective of this research was to germinate two brown rice varieties MTU 1010 and KNM 118 at various germination hours (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 hours) to determine the best yield and correlate with the nutritional composition and GABA content. Brown rice soaked in water for 12 hours at 28 ± 2ºC followed by 24 to 36 hours germination was found to have optimum yield (85%) with good nutritional and GABA content. Protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate content and energy content among all samples were highest at 24 hours and 36 hours of germination. Pearson correlation coefficient performed between yield, germination hours and nutritional parameters of both varieties, indicated a positive correlation between germination hours and GABA content in both varieties.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80920693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.1
Ishita Biswas, Debasis Mitra, D. Mitra, Abhinobo Chakraborty, G. Basak, Anil Bhuimali, P. K. Das Mohapatra
The district Uttar Dinajpur of West Bengal is bestowed with very fertile soil, which helps to grow paddy and other agricultural crops. Cultivation of indigenous rice has been practiced by farmers since ancient times. Indigenous rice has several socio-economic, ecological and genetical aspects but the major problem lies in their comparatively low output. The diversity of indigenous rice landraces has been drastically reduced due to the introduction of high yielding varieties (HYVs). Through extensive survey it has been found that about 74 indigenous rice land races were available in different blocks of the district, but among them only about 20 varieties are now in farmers' hand while more than 70% of them are not cultivated in practical field. In India, the indigenous aromatic rice landrace Tulaipanji (GI 530) is only grown in Raiganj sub-division of Uttar Dinajpur and small pockets of Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. Due to its aroma and quality this rice could make the position in global market through proper marketing. A phylogenetic study of the rice landraces has been performed and observed that only three of them i.e., Tulaipanji, Radhunipagal and Gobindavog are closely related to each other, which also has the close lineage with the Asian wild-rice (Oryza rufipogon). Today's society demands the interaction and incorporation of scientific technology for the upliftment of indigenous rice landrace sustainable cultivation. Really it has the immense scope and prospects, which ultimately save the human life from notorious diseases.
{"title":"Problems and prospects of cultivation of indigenous rice landraces of Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India with special reference to Tulaipanji","authors":"Ishita Biswas, Debasis Mitra, D. Mitra, Abhinobo Chakraborty, G. Basak, Anil Bhuimali, P. K. Das Mohapatra","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The district Uttar Dinajpur of West Bengal is bestowed with very fertile soil, which helps to grow paddy and other agricultural crops. Cultivation of indigenous rice has been practiced by farmers since ancient times. Indigenous rice has several socio-economic, ecological and genetical aspects but the major problem lies in their comparatively low output. The diversity of indigenous rice landraces has been drastically reduced due to the introduction of high yielding varieties (HYVs). Through extensive survey it has been found that about 74 indigenous rice land races were available in different blocks of the district, but among them only about 20 varieties are now in farmers' hand while more than 70% of them are not cultivated in practical field. In India, the indigenous aromatic rice landrace Tulaipanji (GI 530) is only grown in Raiganj sub-division of Uttar Dinajpur and small pockets of Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. Due to its aroma and quality this rice could make the position in global market through proper marketing. A phylogenetic study of the rice landraces has been performed and observed that only three of them i.e., Tulaipanji, Radhunipagal and Gobindavog are closely related to each other, which also has the close lineage with the Asian wild-rice (Oryza rufipogon). Today's society demands the interaction and incorporation of scientific technology for the upliftment of indigenous rice landrace sustainable cultivation. Really it has the immense scope and prospects, which ultimately save the human life from notorious diseases.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81080149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.9
R. Upadhyay, Mamta Banjara, D. Thombare, Shrikant Yankanchi, G. Chandel
Understanding the gravity of nutritional significance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) protein, an experiment conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving effect of nitrogen (N) rates i.e.,140 kg N/ha, 120 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha and 80 kg N/ha on grain protein content, yield parameters and cooking characteristics of polished rice from eight rice genotypes was conducted. N application significantly affected the grain protein content, grain yield, head rice recovery, plant height and effective tillers. In high protein cultivars substantially low to intermediate amylose content and more cooking time was recorded while in low protein counterpart amylose content was comparatively high with low cooking time. Maximum cooking time in polished rice was of 25 min at 180 kg N/ha dose and highest amylose content of about 27% at 80 kg N/ha. Gumminess and hardness of cooked rice and cooking time significantly elevated with increase in N dose. The substantial differences in grain protein content in brown, polished and cooked rice was observed. Cooking revealed the significant increase in protein content ranged from 50%-70% in low protein to high protein genotypes. R-RGM-ATN-47 with highest grain yield of 62.13 q/ha, grain protein content of 10.00 % in polished rice and intermediate amylose appears to be the most promising candidate.
为了解水稻(Oryza sativa L.)蛋白质营养意义的重要性，采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)研究了不同施氮量(140 kg N/ha、120 kg N/ha、100 kg N/ha和80 kg N/ha)对8个水稻基因型精米籽粒蛋白质含量、产量参数和蒸煮特性的影响。施氮对籽粒蛋白质含量、产量、抽穗恢复、株高和有效分蘖均有显著影响。高蛋白品种直链淀粉含量低至中等，蒸煮时间长，而低蛋白品种直链淀粉含量高，蒸煮时间短。精米在180 kg N/ha时蒸煮时间最长为25 min，在80 kg N/ha时直链淀粉含量最高，约为27%。随着氮量的增加，大米的黏度、硬度和蒸煮时间显著增加。糙米、精米和熟米籽粒蛋白质含量存在显著差异。烹调表明，低蛋白基因型和高蛋白基因型的蛋白质含量显著增加50%-70%。R-RGM-ATN-47籽粒产量最高为62.13 q/ha，精米籽粒蛋白质含量为10.00%，中间直链淀粉含量最高。
{"title":"Deciphering the effect of different nitrogen doses on grain protein content, quality attributes and yield related traits of rice","authors":"R. Upadhyay, Mamta Banjara, D. Thombare, Shrikant Yankanchi, G. Chandel","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the gravity of nutritional significance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) protein, an experiment conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving effect of nitrogen (N) rates i.e.,140 kg N/ha, 120 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha and 80 kg N/ha on grain protein content, yield parameters and cooking characteristics of polished rice from eight rice genotypes was conducted. N application significantly affected the grain protein content, grain yield, head rice recovery, plant height and effective tillers. In high protein cultivars substantially low to intermediate amylose content and more cooking time was recorded while in low protein counterpart amylose content was comparatively high with low cooking time. Maximum cooking time in polished rice was of 25 min at 180 kg N/ha dose and highest amylose content of about 27% at 80 kg N/ha. Gumminess and hardness of cooked rice and cooking time significantly elevated with increase in N dose. The substantial differences in grain protein content in brown, polished and cooked rice was observed. Cooking revealed the significant increase in protein content ranged from 50%-70% in low protein to high protein genotypes. R-RGM-ATN-47 with highest grain yield of 62.13 q/ha, grain protein content of 10.00 % in polished rice and intermediate amylose appears to be the most promising candidate.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86093383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.2
O. Abraham, J. Faluyi, C. Nwokeocha
This study explored the underlining reproductive factors that cause sterility in rice, using hybrids obtained from crosses among landrace selections and improved varieties. The study was carried out between 2016 and 2018. Nine landrace cultivars and two improved varieties were involved in the hybridization experiment. Among the 17 putative hybrids that were obtained, only 5 were confirmed as true hybrids. Meiotic chromosome studies and pollen studies in the F1, and Mendelian segregation studies for fertility in the F2 were carried out. Some F2 lines were monitored to F3 to ascertain the level of fixation of gene combinations for fertility. The results obtained from the chromosomal studies showed that phenomena such as laggards, precocious movements, formation of multivalents, and unequal segregation to the poles are associated with pollen sterility in all - 5 hybrids, at the F1 and F2 generations. The indehiscence of anthers contributed to infertility due to pollen shortage than the fertility of the pollens themselves. Even though in males, there is a preponderance of male sterility, female sterility is also a phenomenon that is possibly contributing to inter-varietal sterility. The segregational pattern of 13:3 was observed for fertility in the F2 which suggests the inhibition of fertility by a gene in the dominant state. There was the restoration of fertility in many of the lines advanced to the F3 to up to 93 % fertility. It was, therefore, concluded from the study that landraces of rice still hold the key for the rice crop improvement and should therefore be conserved.
{"title":"Inter-varietal sterility and fertility restoration in Oryza sativa Linn.","authors":"O. Abraham, J. Faluyi, C. Nwokeocha","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the underlining reproductive factors that cause sterility in rice, using hybrids obtained from crosses among landrace selections and improved varieties. The study was carried out between 2016 and 2018. Nine landrace cultivars and two improved varieties were involved in the hybridization experiment. Among the 17 putative hybrids that were obtained, only 5 were confirmed as true hybrids. Meiotic chromosome studies and pollen studies in the F1, and Mendelian segregation studies for fertility in the F2 were carried out. Some F2 lines were monitored to F3 to ascertain the level of fixation of gene combinations for fertility. The results obtained from the chromosomal studies showed that phenomena such as laggards, precocious movements, formation of multivalents, and unequal segregation to the poles are associated with pollen sterility in all - 5 hybrids, at the F1 and F2 generations. The indehiscence of anthers contributed to infertility due to pollen shortage than the fertility of the pollens themselves. Even though in males, there is a preponderance of male sterility, female sterility is also a phenomenon that is possibly contributing to inter-varietal sterility. The segregational pattern of 13:3 was observed for fertility in the F2 which suggests the inhibition of fertility by a gene in the dominant state. There was the restoration of fertility in many of the lines advanced to the F3 to up to 93 % fertility. It was, therefore, concluded from the study that landraces of rice still hold the key for the rice crop improvement and should therefore be conserved.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"25 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77260709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.4
K. Amudha, G. Ariharasutharsan
The present investigation was carried out to explore the extent of genetic divergence in 95 rice germplasm accessions for twelve characters during kharif, 2018. In D2 analysis, the 95 genotypes were grouped into fifteen clusters. The clustering pattern indicated that there was no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical origin as the genotypes from same origin were included in different clusters and vice versa. The highest intra cluster distance was registered in cluster V (215.183) followed by cluster IX (209.831), cluster VIII (204.057) and cluster XIV (202.623).The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster III (991.049) followed by cluster II and cluster X (974.960), cluster III and cluster XI (963.826), cluster II and XII (962.013), cluster X and cluster XI (932.469) and cluster XI and cluster XII (919.151). Genetically distant parents from those clusters could be able to produce higher heterosis in progenies on hybridization. Grain yield per plant, 100 grain weight and days to 50% flowering were the major contributors towards the total genetic divergence among the genotypes studied. Thus selection could be made based on grain yield per plant, hundred grain weight and days to 50%flowering for the progenies identified.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of yield related traits in a large subset of exotic and indigenous rice germplasm collection maintained at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University gene bank","authors":"K. Amudha, G. Ariharasutharsan","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out to explore the extent of genetic divergence in 95 rice germplasm accessions for twelve characters during kharif, 2018. In D2 analysis, the 95 genotypes were grouped into fifteen clusters. The clustering pattern indicated that there was no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical origin as the genotypes from same origin were included in different clusters and vice versa. The highest intra cluster distance was registered in cluster V (215.183) followed by cluster IX (209.831), cluster VIII (204.057) and cluster XIV (202.623).The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster III (991.049) followed by cluster II and cluster X (974.960), cluster III and cluster XI (963.826), cluster II and XII (962.013), cluster X and cluster XI (932.469) and cluster XI and cluster XII (919.151). Genetically distant parents from those clusters could be able to produce higher heterosis in progenies on hybridization. Grain yield per plant, 100 grain weight and days to 50% flowering were the major contributors towards the total genetic divergence among the genotypes studied. Thus selection could be made based on grain yield per plant, hundred grain weight and days to 50%flowering for the progenies identified.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80586041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.7
N. Panda, A. Dash
Nitrogen (N) management is a key to sustain rice yield under submerged condition. Time and amount of N application boost rice production under adverse environmental situation. To test this hypothesis a field experiment was conducted at different villages in and around Hindustan Aluminium Company Ltd. (HINDALCO), Hirakud, Sambalpur, Odisha in the year 2015 and 2016. The rice ecosystems were selected on the basis of distance from the smelter plant. Different treatments were framed to test the hypothesis as T1-Farmers practice (60:30:30 kg N: P2 O5:K2O ha-1); T2- 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) of nitrogen(N) ; T3 -100% RDF of N; T4 -125% RDF of N; T5 -150% RDF of N. It was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications in the farmer's field. The test crop was rice cv.Tejaswinee. Growth parameters like plant height (cm), panicle length (cm) and number of effective tillers per hill were found to be highest in the plots where 125% RDF of N was applied. However the chlorophyll content(mg g-1 fresh)was estimated highest with 150 % RDF of N applied plots. The grain and straw yield (q ha-1) of rice were also observed highest with treatments receiving125% RDF of N.The rice ecosystems which are nearer to aluminium smelter plant were supposed to be affected with less yield as compared to far distance rice ecosystems. The grain quality parameterof rice like protein content (%) was also affected at smelter sites as compared to far distances. However with increasing the N level to 125 % RDF protein content was increased.
{"title":"Nitrogen management can boost rice (Oryza sativa L.) production near aluminium smelter: A field study","authors":"N. Panda, A. Dash","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) management is a key to sustain rice yield under submerged condition. Time and amount of N application boost rice production under adverse environmental situation. To test this hypothesis a field experiment was conducted at different villages in and around Hindustan Aluminium Company Ltd. (HINDALCO), Hirakud, Sambalpur, Odisha in the year 2015 and 2016. The rice ecosystems were selected on the basis of distance from the smelter plant. Different treatments were framed to test the hypothesis as T1-Farmers practice (60:30:30 kg N: P2 O5:K2O ha-1); T2- 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) of nitrogen(N) ; T3 -100% RDF of N; T4 -125% RDF of N; T5 -150% RDF of N. It was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications in the farmer's field. The test crop was rice cv.Tejaswinee. Growth parameters like plant height (cm), panicle length (cm) and number of effective tillers per hill were found to be highest in the plots where 125% RDF of N was applied. However the chlorophyll content(mg g-1 fresh)was estimated highest with 150 % RDF of N applied plots. The grain and straw yield (q ha-1) of rice were also observed highest with treatments receiving125% RDF of N.The rice ecosystems which are nearer to aluminium smelter plant were supposed to be affected with less yield as compared to far distance rice ecosystems. The grain quality parameterof rice like protein content (%) was also affected at smelter sites as compared to far distances. However with increasing the N level to 125 % RDF protein content was increased.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84068827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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