Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.2
Sreelakshmi Ch, R. P
The present experiment was conducted to study the gene action, heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability for different yield and quality traits in the cross WGL 48684 x IR 36. Analysis of heterosis revealed that most of the traits show duplicate type of epistasis which is non- fixable and cannot be exploited through the general breeding procedures of self pollinated crops. Additive gene effect and complementary epistasis plays a lead role for plant height, number of ear bearing tillers per plant, kernel breadth and amylase content and they can easily be exploited for developing fixed lines. Significant inbreeding depression was found for ear bearing tillers per plant, SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), harvest index, grain yield, head rice recovery and kernel elongation ratio. Therefore, few cycles of recurrent selection followed by pedigree method would be effective and useful to utilize all types of gene effects by maintaining considerable heterozygosity through mating of selected plants in early segregating generations.
本试验研究了WGL 48684 × IR 36不同产量和品质性状的基因作用、杂种优势、近交抑制和遗传力。杂种优势分析表明，大部分性状表现为重复型上位性，这是不固定的，不能通过自花授粉作物的一般育种程序加以利用。加性基因效应和互补上位效应在株高、单株实穗分蘖数、籽粒宽度和淀粉酶含量等性状上起主导作用，易于开发固定品系。单株穗分蘖数、SPAD叶绿素读数(SCMR)、收获指数、籽粒产量、抽穗率和籽粒伸长率均出现显著的近交系下降。因此，通过选择的植物在早期分离代中进行交配，保持相当大的杂合度，从而利用所有类型的基因效应，采用家系法进行循环选择是有效和有用的。
{"title":"Study of gene action for yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Sreelakshmi Ch, R. P","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiment was conducted to study the gene action, heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability for different yield and quality traits in the cross WGL 48684 x IR 36. Analysis of heterosis revealed that most of the traits show duplicate type of epistasis which is non- fixable and cannot be exploited through the general breeding procedures of self pollinated crops. Additive gene effect and complementary epistasis plays a lead role for plant height, number of ear bearing tillers per plant, kernel breadth and amylase content and they can easily be exploited for developing fixed lines. Significant inbreeding depression was found for ear bearing tillers per plant, SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), harvest index, grain yield, head rice recovery and kernel elongation ratio. Therefore, few cycles of recurrent selection followed by pedigree method would be effective and useful to utilize all types of gene effects by maintaining considerable heterozygosity through mating of selected plants in early segregating generations.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90168950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.5
S. Parida, G. K. Dash, K. C. Samal, P. Swain
The role of antioxidative enzymes as reactive oxygen species-scavengers under water-limited (WL) conditions was studied in five contrasting rice genotypes, including two checks (Sahabhagidhan as a tolerant genotype and IR 64 as a susceptible genotype). The experiment was performed in pots, and the irrigation was withdrawn five days before flowering for 15 days. For stress imposition, stress pots were maintained at 50% field capacity whereas nonstress pots were maintained at 100% field capacity. The antioxidant enzyme activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX), was significantly increased under the WL conditions. Genotypes Sahabhagidhan and Parijata had the highest SOD, CAT, and POX activity with the lowest production of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). At the same time, IR 64 and Prasad exhibited the lowest SOD, CAT, and POX activity, suggesting a lower potential to eliminate oxidative stress. The higher scavenging capacity of free radicals in Sahabhagidhan and Parijata was supplemented by the higher level of relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), Maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, and low lipid peroxidation which resulted in higher grain yield accompanied by higher biomass partitioning towards the grain.
{"title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and response of antioxidants as ROS-scavengers in contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under drought stress","authors":"S. Parida, G. K. Dash, K. C. Samal, P. Swain","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The role of antioxidative enzymes as reactive oxygen species-scavengers under water-limited (WL) conditions was studied in five contrasting rice genotypes, including two checks (Sahabhagidhan as a tolerant genotype and IR 64 as a susceptible genotype). The experiment was performed in pots, and the irrigation was withdrawn five days before flowering for 15 days. For stress imposition, stress pots were maintained at 50% field capacity whereas nonstress pots were maintained at 100% field capacity. The antioxidant enzyme activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX), was significantly increased under the WL conditions. Genotypes Sahabhagidhan and Parijata had the highest SOD, CAT, and POX activity with the lowest production of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). At the same time, IR 64 and Prasad exhibited the lowest SOD, CAT, and POX activity, suggesting a lower potential to eliminate oxidative stress. The higher scavenging capacity of free radicals in Sahabhagidhan and Parijata was supplemented by the higher level of relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), Maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, and low lipid peroxidation which resulted in higher grain yield accompanied by higher biomass partitioning towards the grain.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83689050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.15
H. K. Jaiswal, Aarti Sharma
A study was undertaken on 36 F1s obtained from diallel (without reciprocals) mating design to explicate the genetic behavior of traditional and evolved basmati varieties for 14 traits. F1s were divided into traditional x traditional (T x T); evolved x evolved (E x E) and traditional x evolved (T x E) basmati types; amidst which E x E and T x E type of crosses exhibited high positive average heterosis in comparison to T x T type of crosses for yield per plant trait. Assessment of quality traits for average heterosis indicated that, all the three types of crosses were equally effective for KL, KB and LBR. Manifestation of average heterosis for KLAC was better in TxT type as none of the ExE type of crosses showed significant positive heterosis; likewise, among 20 T x E type of crosses only 3 crosses showed significant positive heterosis. Heritability in narrow sense was high for: MPL, 100-GW, NGP, YPP, KL, LBR, and KLAC.
对36个采用双列杂交(无往复杂交)设计的F1s品种进行了遗传行为分析，分析了传统和进化的香米品种在14个性状上的遗传行为。f1分为传统x传统(T x T);进化的x进化的(E x E)和传统的x进化的(T x E)巴斯马蒂类型;其中，E × E型和T × E型杂交在单株产量性状上表现出较高的正平均杂种优势。平均杂种优势品质性状评价结果表明，3种杂交组合对KL、KB和LBR均具有同等效果。TxT型KLAC的平均杂种优势表现较好，ExE型杂交均未表现出显著的正杂种优势;同样，在20个T × E型杂交组合中，只有3个表现出显著的正杂种优势。MPL、100-GW、NGP、YPP、KL、LBR和KLAC的狭义遗传力较高。
{"title":"Heterosis for yield and quality traits in traditional and evolved Basmati","authors":"H. K. Jaiswal, Aarti Sharma","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken on 36 F1s obtained from diallel (without reciprocals) mating design to explicate the genetic behavior of traditional and evolved basmati varieties for 14 traits. F1s were divided into traditional x traditional (T x T); evolved x evolved (E x E) and traditional x evolved (T x E) basmati types; amidst which E x E and T x E type of crosses exhibited high positive average heterosis in comparison to T x T type of crosses for yield per plant trait. Assessment of quality traits for average heterosis indicated that, all the three types of crosses were equally effective for KL, KB and LBR. Manifestation of average heterosis for KLAC was better in TxT type as none of the ExE type of crosses showed significant positive heterosis; likewise, among 20 T x E type of crosses only 3 crosses showed significant positive heterosis. Heritability in narrow sense was high for: MPL, 100-GW, NGP, YPP, KL, LBR, and KLAC.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72631270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.14
Abhilasha P, Ushosee Pal, RN Nayak, G. Sahoo, M. Mahapatra, K. Rayaguru
A study was undertaken to standardise the soaking and germination time for preparation of germinated brown rice (GBR). Freshly harvested paddy of Prativa variety was dehusked (dehusked or dehulled) in rubber roll sheller to get brown rice which was soaked in demineralised water followed by germination at 27±1oC temperature and 85-90 % relative humidity for different time period. The soaking and germination time were standardised based on moisture content, germination percentage, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and total microbial load for preparation of germinated brown rice. Germination percentage and GABA content increased significantly with germination time (p<0.05). Soaking of brown rice for 12 h followed by 24 h germination was standardised for preparation of germinated brown rice to get maximum GABA content of 70.3 mg/100 g d.m.
对制备发芽糙米(GBR)的浸泡和发芽时间进行了标准化研究。将新鲜收获的Prativa品种稻谷在橡胶辊脱壳机中脱壳(脱壳或脱壳)得到糙米，糙米经脱盐水浸泡后，在27±1℃、85 ~ 90%相对湿度条件下不同时间萌发。以水分含量、发芽率、γ -氨基丁酸(GABA)含量和微生物总负荷为标准，对发芽糙米的浸泡和萌发时间进行了标准化。萌发率和GABA含量随萌发时间的延长而显著增加(p<0.05)。糙米浸泡12 h，发芽24 h，可制得发芽糙米，最高GABA含量为70.3 mg/100 g d.m。
{"title":"Standardisation of soaking and germination time for preparation of germinated brown rice","authors":"Abhilasha P, Ushosee Pal, RN Nayak, G. Sahoo, M. Mahapatra, K. Rayaguru","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to standardise the soaking and germination time for preparation of germinated brown rice (GBR). Freshly harvested paddy of Prativa variety was dehusked (dehusked or dehulled) in rubber roll sheller to get brown rice which was soaked in demineralised water followed by germination at 27±1oC temperature and 85-90 % relative humidity for different time period. The soaking and germination time were standardised based on moisture content, germination percentage, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and total microbial load for preparation of germinated brown rice. Germination percentage and GABA content increased significantly with germination time (p<0.05). Soaking of brown rice for 12 h followed by 24 h germination was standardised for preparation of germinated brown rice to get maximum GABA content of 70.3 mg/100 g d.m.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82547981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.5
Naseerunnisa Mohmmed, A. Kuna, S. Sarkar, M. Azam, L. K, K. V
Germinated brown rice (GBR) is an emerging health food that has received attention due to its nutritional composition, especially Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA). The objective of this research was to germinate two brown rice varieties MTU 1010 and KNM 118 at various germination hours (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 hours) to determine the best yield and correlate with the nutritional composition and GABA content. Brown rice soaked in water for 12 hours at 28 ± 2ºC followed by 24 to 36 hours germination was found to have optimum yield (85%) with good nutritional and GABA content. Protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate content and energy content among all samples were highest at 24 hours and 36 hours of germination. Pearson correlation coefficient performed between yield, germination hours and nutritional parameters of both varieties, indicated a positive correlation between germination hours and GABA content in both varieties.
{"title":"Effect of germination on yield, physico-chemical properties, nutritional composition and GABA content in germinated brown rice","authors":"Naseerunnisa Mohmmed, A. Kuna, S. Sarkar, M. Azam, L. K, K. V","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Germinated brown rice (GBR) is an emerging health food that has received attention due to its nutritional composition, especially Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA). The objective of this research was to germinate two brown rice varieties MTU 1010 and KNM 118 at various germination hours (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 hours) to determine the best yield and correlate with the nutritional composition and GABA content. Brown rice soaked in water for 12 hours at 28 ± 2ºC followed by 24 to 36 hours germination was found to have optimum yield (85%) with good nutritional and GABA content. Protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate content and energy content among all samples were highest at 24 hours and 36 hours of germination. Pearson correlation coefficient performed between yield, germination hours and nutritional parameters of both varieties, indicated a positive correlation between germination hours and GABA content in both varieties.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80920693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.1
Ishita Biswas, Debasis Mitra, D. Mitra, Abhinobo Chakraborty, G. Basak, Anil Bhuimali, P. K. Das Mohapatra
The district Uttar Dinajpur of West Bengal is bestowed with very fertile soil, which helps to grow paddy and other agricultural crops. Cultivation of indigenous rice has been practiced by farmers since ancient times. Indigenous rice has several socio-economic, ecological and genetical aspects but the major problem lies in their comparatively low output. The diversity of indigenous rice landraces has been drastically reduced due to the introduction of high yielding varieties (HYVs). Through extensive survey it has been found that about 74 indigenous rice land races were available in different blocks of the district, but among them only about 20 varieties are now in farmers' hand while more than 70% of them are not cultivated in practical field. In India, the indigenous aromatic rice landrace Tulaipanji (GI 530) is only grown in Raiganj sub-division of Uttar Dinajpur and small pockets of Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. Due to its aroma and quality this rice could make the position in global market through proper marketing. A phylogenetic study of the rice landraces has been performed and observed that only three of them i.e., Tulaipanji, Radhunipagal and Gobindavog are closely related to each other, which also has the close lineage with the Asian wild-rice (Oryza rufipogon). Today's society demands the interaction and incorporation of scientific technology for the upliftment of indigenous rice landrace sustainable cultivation. Really it has the immense scope and prospects, which ultimately save the human life from notorious diseases.
{"title":"Problems and prospects of cultivation of indigenous rice landraces of Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India with special reference to Tulaipanji","authors":"Ishita Biswas, Debasis Mitra, D. Mitra, Abhinobo Chakraborty, G. Basak, Anil Bhuimali, P. K. Das Mohapatra","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The district Uttar Dinajpur of West Bengal is bestowed with very fertile soil, which helps to grow paddy and other agricultural crops. Cultivation of indigenous rice has been practiced by farmers since ancient times. Indigenous rice has several socio-economic, ecological and genetical aspects but the major problem lies in their comparatively low output. The diversity of indigenous rice landraces has been drastically reduced due to the introduction of high yielding varieties (HYVs). Through extensive survey it has been found that about 74 indigenous rice land races were available in different blocks of the district, but among them only about 20 varieties are now in farmers' hand while more than 70% of them are not cultivated in practical field. In India, the indigenous aromatic rice landrace Tulaipanji (GI 530) is only grown in Raiganj sub-division of Uttar Dinajpur and small pockets of Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. Due to its aroma and quality this rice could make the position in global market through proper marketing. A phylogenetic study of the rice landraces has been performed and observed that only three of them i.e., Tulaipanji, Radhunipagal and Gobindavog are closely related to each other, which also has the close lineage with the Asian wild-rice (Oryza rufipogon). Today's society demands the interaction and incorporation of scientific technology for the upliftment of indigenous rice landrace sustainable cultivation. Really it has the immense scope and prospects, which ultimately save the human life from notorious diseases.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81080149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.9
R. Upadhyay, Mamta Banjara, D. Thombare, Shrikant Yankanchi, G. Chandel
Understanding the gravity of nutritional significance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) protein, an experiment conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving effect of nitrogen (N) rates i.e.,140 kg N/ha, 120 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha and 80 kg N/ha on grain protein content, yield parameters and cooking characteristics of polished rice from eight rice genotypes was conducted. N application significantly affected the grain protein content, grain yield, head rice recovery, plant height and effective tillers. In high protein cultivars substantially low to intermediate amylose content and more cooking time was recorded while in low protein counterpart amylose content was comparatively high with low cooking time. Maximum cooking time in polished rice was of 25 min at 180 kg N/ha dose and highest amylose content of about 27% at 80 kg N/ha. Gumminess and hardness of cooked rice and cooking time significantly elevated with increase in N dose. The substantial differences in grain protein content in brown, polished and cooked rice was observed. Cooking revealed the significant increase in protein content ranged from 50%-70% in low protein to high protein genotypes. R-RGM-ATN-47 with highest grain yield of 62.13 q/ha, grain protein content of 10.00 % in polished rice and intermediate amylose appears to be the most promising candidate.
为了解水稻(Oryza sativa L.)蛋白质营养意义的重要性，采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)研究了不同施氮量(140 kg N/ha、120 kg N/ha、100 kg N/ha和80 kg N/ha)对8个水稻基因型精米籽粒蛋白质含量、产量参数和蒸煮特性的影响。施氮对籽粒蛋白质含量、产量、抽穗恢复、株高和有效分蘖均有显著影响。高蛋白品种直链淀粉含量低至中等，蒸煮时间长，而低蛋白品种直链淀粉含量高，蒸煮时间短。精米在180 kg N/ha时蒸煮时间最长为25 min，在80 kg N/ha时直链淀粉含量最高，约为27%。随着氮量的增加，大米的黏度、硬度和蒸煮时间显著增加。糙米、精米和熟米籽粒蛋白质含量存在显著差异。烹调表明，低蛋白基因型和高蛋白基因型的蛋白质含量显著增加50%-70%。R-RGM-ATN-47籽粒产量最高为62.13 q/ha，精米籽粒蛋白质含量为10.00%，中间直链淀粉含量最高。
{"title":"Deciphering the effect of different nitrogen doses on grain protein content, quality attributes and yield related traits of rice","authors":"R. Upadhyay, Mamta Banjara, D. Thombare, Shrikant Yankanchi, G. Chandel","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the gravity of nutritional significance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) protein, an experiment conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving effect of nitrogen (N) rates i.e.,140 kg N/ha, 120 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha and 80 kg N/ha on grain protein content, yield parameters and cooking characteristics of polished rice from eight rice genotypes was conducted. N application significantly affected the grain protein content, grain yield, head rice recovery, plant height and effective tillers. In high protein cultivars substantially low to intermediate amylose content and more cooking time was recorded while in low protein counterpart amylose content was comparatively high with low cooking time. Maximum cooking time in polished rice was of 25 min at 180 kg N/ha dose and highest amylose content of about 27% at 80 kg N/ha. Gumminess and hardness of cooked rice and cooking time significantly elevated with increase in N dose. The substantial differences in grain protein content in brown, polished and cooked rice was observed. Cooking revealed the significant increase in protein content ranged from 50%-70% in low protein to high protein genotypes. R-RGM-ATN-47 with highest grain yield of 62.13 q/ha, grain protein content of 10.00 % in polished rice and intermediate amylose appears to be the most promising candidate.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86093383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.2
O. Abraham, J. Faluyi, C. Nwokeocha
This study explored the underlining reproductive factors that cause sterility in rice, using hybrids obtained from crosses among landrace selections and improved varieties. The study was carried out between 2016 and 2018. Nine landrace cultivars and two improved varieties were involved in the hybridization experiment. Among the 17 putative hybrids that were obtained, only 5 were confirmed as true hybrids. Meiotic chromosome studies and pollen studies in the F1, and Mendelian segregation studies for fertility in the F2 were carried out. Some F2 lines were monitored to F3 to ascertain the level of fixation of gene combinations for fertility. The results obtained from the chromosomal studies showed that phenomena such as laggards, precocious movements, formation of multivalents, and unequal segregation to the poles are associated with pollen sterility in all - 5 hybrids, at the F1 and F2 generations. The indehiscence of anthers contributed to infertility due to pollen shortage than the fertility of the pollens themselves. Even though in males, there is a preponderance of male sterility, female sterility is also a phenomenon that is possibly contributing to inter-varietal sterility. The segregational pattern of 13:3 was observed for fertility in the F2 which suggests the inhibition of fertility by a gene in the dominant state. There was the restoration of fertility in many of the lines advanced to the F3 to up to 93 % fertility. It was, therefore, concluded from the study that landraces of rice still hold the key for the rice crop improvement and should therefore be conserved.
{"title":"Inter-varietal sterility and fertility restoration in Oryza sativa Linn.","authors":"O. Abraham, J. Faluyi, C. Nwokeocha","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the underlining reproductive factors that cause sterility in rice, using hybrids obtained from crosses among landrace selections and improved varieties. The study was carried out between 2016 and 2018. Nine landrace cultivars and two improved varieties were involved in the hybridization experiment. Among the 17 putative hybrids that were obtained, only 5 were confirmed as true hybrids. Meiotic chromosome studies and pollen studies in the F1, and Mendelian segregation studies for fertility in the F2 were carried out. Some F2 lines were monitored to F3 to ascertain the level of fixation of gene combinations for fertility. The results obtained from the chromosomal studies showed that phenomena such as laggards, precocious movements, formation of multivalents, and unequal segregation to the poles are associated with pollen sterility in all - 5 hybrids, at the F1 and F2 generations. The indehiscence of anthers contributed to infertility due to pollen shortage than the fertility of the pollens themselves. Even though in males, there is a preponderance of male sterility, female sterility is also a phenomenon that is possibly contributing to inter-varietal sterility. The segregational pattern of 13:3 was observed for fertility in the F2 which suggests the inhibition of fertility by a gene in the dominant state. There was the restoration of fertility in many of the lines advanced to the F3 to up to 93 % fertility. It was, therefore, concluded from the study that landraces of rice still hold the key for the rice crop improvement and should therefore be conserved.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"25 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77260709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.4
K. Amudha, G. Ariharasutharsan
The present investigation was carried out to explore the extent of genetic divergence in 95 rice germplasm accessions for twelve characters during kharif, 2018. In D2 analysis, the 95 genotypes were grouped into fifteen clusters. The clustering pattern indicated that there was no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical origin as the genotypes from same origin were included in different clusters and vice versa. The highest intra cluster distance was registered in cluster V (215.183) followed by cluster IX (209.831), cluster VIII (204.057) and cluster XIV (202.623).The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster III (991.049) followed by cluster II and cluster X (974.960), cluster III and cluster XI (963.826), cluster II and XII (962.013), cluster X and cluster XI (932.469) and cluster XI and cluster XII (919.151). Genetically distant parents from those clusters could be able to produce higher heterosis in progenies on hybridization. Grain yield per plant, 100 grain weight and days to 50% flowering were the major contributors towards the total genetic divergence among the genotypes studied. Thus selection could be made based on grain yield per plant, hundred grain weight and days to 50%flowering for the progenies identified.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of yield related traits in a large subset of exotic and indigenous rice germplasm collection maintained at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University gene bank","authors":"K. Amudha, G. Ariharasutharsan","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out to explore the extent of genetic divergence in 95 rice germplasm accessions for twelve characters during kharif, 2018. In D2 analysis, the 95 genotypes were grouped into fifteen clusters. The clustering pattern indicated that there was no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical origin as the genotypes from same origin were included in different clusters and vice versa. The highest intra cluster distance was registered in cluster V (215.183) followed by cluster IX (209.831), cluster VIII (204.057) and cluster XIV (202.623).The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster III (991.049) followed by cluster II and cluster X (974.960), cluster III and cluster XI (963.826), cluster II and XII (962.013), cluster X and cluster XI (932.469) and cluster XI and cluster XII (919.151). Genetically distant parents from those clusters could be able to produce higher heterosis in progenies on hybridization. Grain yield per plant, 100 grain weight and days to 50% flowering were the major contributors towards the total genetic divergence among the genotypes studied. Thus selection could be made based on grain yield per plant, hundred grain weight and days to 50%flowering for the progenies identified.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80586041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.7
N. Panda, A. Dash
Nitrogen (N) management is a key to sustain rice yield under submerged condition. Time and amount of N application boost rice production under adverse environmental situation. To test this hypothesis a field experiment was conducted at different villages in and around Hindustan Aluminium Company Ltd. (HINDALCO), Hirakud, Sambalpur, Odisha in the year 2015 and 2016. The rice ecosystems were selected on the basis of distance from the smelter plant. Different treatments were framed to test the hypothesis as T1-Farmers practice (60:30:30 kg N: P2 O5:K2O ha-1); T2- 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) of nitrogen(N) ; T3 -100% RDF of N; T4 -125% RDF of N; T5 -150% RDF of N. It was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications in the farmer's field. The test crop was rice cv.Tejaswinee. Growth parameters like plant height (cm), panicle length (cm) and number of effective tillers per hill were found to be highest in the plots where 125% RDF of N was applied. However the chlorophyll content(mg g-1 fresh)was estimated highest with 150 % RDF of N applied plots. The grain and straw yield (q ha-1) of rice were also observed highest with treatments receiving125% RDF of N.The rice ecosystems which are nearer to aluminium smelter plant were supposed to be affected with less yield as compared to far distance rice ecosystems. The grain quality parameterof rice like protein content (%) was also affected at smelter sites as compared to far distances. However with increasing the N level to 125 % RDF protein content was increased.
{"title":"Nitrogen management can boost rice (Oryza sativa L.) production near aluminium smelter: A field study","authors":"N. Panda, A. Dash","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) management is a key to sustain rice yield under submerged condition. Time and amount of N application boost rice production under adverse environmental situation. To test this hypothesis a field experiment was conducted at different villages in and around Hindustan Aluminium Company Ltd. (HINDALCO), Hirakud, Sambalpur, Odisha in the year 2015 and 2016. The rice ecosystems were selected on the basis of distance from the smelter plant. Different treatments were framed to test the hypothesis as T1-Farmers practice (60:30:30 kg N: P2 O5:K2O ha-1); T2- 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) of nitrogen(N) ; T3 -100% RDF of N; T4 -125% RDF of N; T5 -150% RDF of N. It was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications in the farmer's field. The test crop was rice cv.Tejaswinee. Growth parameters like plant height (cm), panicle length (cm) and number of effective tillers per hill were found to be highest in the plots where 125% RDF of N was applied. However the chlorophyll content(mg g-1 fresh)was estimated highest with 150 % RDF of N applied plots. The grain and straw yield (q ha-1) of rice were also observed highest with treatments receiving125% RDF of N.The rice ecosystems which are nearer to aluminium smelter plant were supposed to be affected with less yield as compared to far distance rice ecosystems. The grain quality parameterof rice like protein content (%) was also affected at smelter sites as compared to far distances. However with increasing the N level to 125 % RDF protein content was increased.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84068827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：