In this paper, we will deal with stereotypes that one of the most versatile Serbian artists, Momo Kapor, explains and interprets about his people in the book A Guide to the Serbian Mentality. Since the appearance of the earliest travelogues about the Balkans and its inhabitants, the image that was transmitted further into the world has represented this area as wild and its people as insufficiently civilised. Writing for the review of the national airline in order to interest those who will soon land in Serbia, to better explore the space where they found themselves, Momo Kapor uses previously adopted stereotypes in an interesting way – some deepening and some denying, sometimes establishing new ones. In order to better understand the function of stereotypes in Kapor's painting of Belgrade, we will compare his descriptions of the capital of Serbia with the capital of Bosnia from the Sarajevo trilogy. The subject of our work will be treated with the rules of literary imagology, a science that originated within the framework of comparative literature, and its subject of research is the presentation of the Other in literature.
{"title":"SPITE AND SOUR CREAM IN THE WONDERLAND","authors":"Marijana S. Jelisavčić","doi":"10.21618/fil2225355j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21618/fil2225355j","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we will deal with stereotypes that one of the most versatile Serbian artists, Momo Kapor, explains and interprets about his people in the book A Guide to the Serbian Mentality. Since the appearance of the earliest travelogues about the Balkans and its inhabitants, the image that was transmitted further into the world has represented this area as wild and its people as insufficiently civilised. Writing for the review of the national airline in order to interest those who will soon land in Serbia, to better explore the space where they found themselves, Momo Kapor uses previously adopted stereotypes in an interesting way – some deepening and some denying, sometimes establishing new ones. In order to better understand the function of stereotypes in Kapor's painting of Belgrade, we will compare his descriptions of the capital of Serbia with the capital of Bosnia from the Sarajevo trilogy. The subject of our work will be treated with the rules of literary imagology, a science that originated within the framework of comparative literature, and its subject of research is the presentation of the Other in literature.","PeriodicalId":197643,"journal":{"name":"Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125238069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses ekphrasis as a rhetorical tool and a narrative technique in Oto Horvat’s novel Sabo je stao (2014). The understanding of ekphrasis is not limited to verbal descriptions of works of art, but it is hypothesised that Horvat treats memories, i.e. images from the past, in the same way. The novel’s structure is reminiscent of a film strip that unwinds memories from the personal and shared past. By elaborating the trauma caused by the loss of his spouse and trying to recover her life, at least in literature, the writer revives memories of their shared life and a collective past in a country that no longer exists. In the comparisons between the ekphrastic descriptions of the artistic photographs and those of the imaginary, personal photographs, particular emphasis has been placed on the choice of vocabulary and intertextuality.
{"title":"EKPHRASIS AS A NARRATIVE TECHNIQUE IN THE NOVEL SABO JE STAO BY OTO HORVAT","authors":"Marija M. Bradaš","doi":"10.21618/fil2225372b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21618/fil2225372b","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses ekphrasis as a rhetorical tool and a narrative technique in Oto Horvat’s novel Sabo je stao (2014). The understanding of ekphrasis is not limited to verbal descriptions of works of art, but it is hypothesised that Horvat treats memories, i.e. images from the past, in the same way. The novel’s structure is reminiscent of a film strip that unwinds memories from the personal and shared past. By elaborating the trauma caused by the loss of his spouse and trying to recover her life, at least in literature, the writer revives memories of their shared life and a collective past in a country that no longer exists. In the comparisons between the ekphrastic descriptions of the artistic photographs and those of the imaginary, personal photographs, particular emphasis has been placed on the choice of vocabulary and intertextuality.","PeriodicalId":197643,"journal":{"name":"Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133103664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines two novels by the Slovene writer Berta Bojetu Boeta: Filio is Not at Home (Filio ni doma) and The House of Birds (Ptičja hiša), both published in the 1990’s. The two works depict dystopian societies focused on repression and aimed at generating systematic alienation. The plots are set in remote and isolated places (an island, a mountain, a prison, a brothel) whose inhabitants are enslaved and subjected to violence which mainly affects women. The denial of freedom that characterises these societies is one of the fundamental aspects of dystopian fiction. Despite the extreme limitation of their possibilities, the characters narrated by Bojetu find ways of resisting repression through painting, reading and the creation of human bonds, thus managing to escape from dystopian environments and keep their humanity alive.
本文考察了斯洛文尼亚作家贝尔塔·博杰图·博埃塔的两部小说:《菲利奥不在家》(Filio ni doma)和《鸟之家》(pti ja hiša)，这两部小说都出版于20世纪90年代。这两部作品描绘了反乌托邦社会，以压制为重点，旨在产生系统性的异化。情节设定在偏远和孤立的地方(一个岛屿、一座山、一座监狱、一个妓院)，那里的居民被奴役并遭受暴力，主要影响妇女。这些社会对自由的否定是反乌托邦小说的基本特征之一。尽管他们的可能性非常有限，但Bojetu所叙述的人物通过绘画，阅读和人际关系的创造找到了抵抗压抑的方法，从而逃离了反乌托邦的环境，并保持了他们的人性。
{"title":"BERTA BOJETU BOETA’S DYSTOPIAN VISIONS","authors":"Irena Prosenc","doi":"10.21618/fil2225267p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21618/fil2225267p","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines two novels by the Slovene writer Berta Bojetu Boeta: Filio is Not at Home (Filio ni doma) and The House of Birds (Ptičja hiša), both published in the 1990’s. The two works depict dystopian societies focused on repression and aimed at generating systematic alienation. The plots are set in remote and isolated places (an island, a mountain, a prison, a brothel) whose inhabitants are enslaved and subjected to violence which mainly affects women. The denial of freedom that characterises these societies is one of the fundamental aspects of dystopian fiction. Despite the extreme limitation of their possibilities, the characters narrated by Bojetu find ways of resisting repression through painting, reading and the creation of human bonds, thus managing to escape from dystopian environments and keep their humanity alive.","PeriodicalId":197643,"journal":{"name":"Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124110122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper compares the written production of students learning Serbian as a foreign language with utterances of children at an early age acquiring Serbian as a first language. In one part of the corpus – the one compared – there are errors in essays by a linguistically heterogeneous group of students who attended an intensive course in Serbian at A1 and A2 levels of knowledge in the Centre for Serbian as a Foreign Language (within the Department of Serbian Language and Linguistics) at the Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad. The other part of the corpus – the one the first part is compared with – there are deviations from the standard Serbian language revealed in papers dedicated to the acquisition of Serbian and speech development of children at an early age (one to three years old). By means of comparison, common morphological and syntactic deviations from the standard Serbian norm have been determined and singled out (deviations: 1. in the creation of verb forms, 2. in congruence between the subject and predicate as well as 3. in the use of prepositional-case constructions with verbs) with the aim of showing which students’ errors occur under the influence of the target language itself, i.e. due to intralingual interference. The result of the analysis is a list of the total 43 types and subtypes of errors common for the two groups of respondents, which further leads to the conclusion that the singled out students’ errors can be considered intralinguistic ones. It is established that the total sum of examples by students is 38.1% of their whole corpus in the three observed grammar segments.
{"title":"PREDICTABLE ERRORS IN SERBIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE","authors":"Biljana M. Babić","doi":"10.21618/fil2225163b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21618/fil2225163b","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the written production of students learning Serbian as a foreign language with utterances of children at an early age acquiring Serbian as a first language. In one part of the corpus – the one compared – there are errors in essays by a linguistically heterogeneous group of students who attended an intensive course in Serbian at A1 and A2 levels of knowledge in the Centre for Serbian as a Foreign Language (within the Department of Serbian Language and Linguistics) at the Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad. The other part of the corpus – the one the first part is compared with – there are deviations from the standard Serbian language revealed in papers dedicated to the acquisition of Serbian and speech development of children at an early age (one to three years old). By means of comparison, common morphological and syntactic deviations from the standard Serbian norm have been determined and singled out (deviations: 1. in the creation of verb forms, 2. in congruence between the subject and predicate as well as 3. in the use of prepositional-case constructions with verbs) with the aim of showing which students’ errors occur under the influence of the target language itself, i.e. due to intralingual interference. The result of the analysis is a list of the total 43 types and subtypes of errors common for the two groups of respondents, which further leads to the conclusion that the singled out students’ errors can be considered intralinguistic ones. It is established that the total sum of examples by students is 38.1% of their whole corpus in the three observed grammar segments.","PeriodicalId":197643,"journal":{"name":"Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116581137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THEORY, AFFECT, MOVEMENT: NEW DIRECTIONS IN ACTIVIST SCHOLARSHIP","authors":"P. Stubbs","doi":"10.21618/fil2225421s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21618/fil2225421s","url":null,"abstract":"Book review","PeriodicalId":197643,"journal":{"name":"Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132933288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whether learners are motivated or not and, if they are motivated, whether their motivation is intrinsic or extrinsic is an important factor influencing the outcome of learning a foreign language. This paper examines the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of students learning English as a foreign language at B1 level according to The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The theoretical background of the research set forth in this paper does not rely only on the aforementioned dichotomy but it is also based on a more detailed classification of extrinsic motivation by Ryan and Deci (2000) into four types (external regulation, introjected regulation, regulation through identification, integrated regulation) as well as the tripartite classification of intrinsic motivation by Vallerand et al. (1992) (intrinsic motivation to know, intrinsic motivation toward accomplishments, intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation). The aim of the research was to gain insight into the most significant factors influencing motivation of the aforementioned students, the type of motivation which is the strongest driving force in these students’ learning of English and the relation between different types of motivation and the students’ gender, regular class attendance, voluntary participation in an extra written assignment and the total average grade obtained throughout the entire academic year. The sample for the research included 145 students at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad enrolled on 14 different study programmes. A quantitative approach to data collection was used through a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The research results based on the statistical analysis of the collected data showed that the most important factor influencing motivation for EFL learning is the teachers’ behaviour and rapport with their students. In the examined sample, the most prominent type of motivation was an external one or, more specifically, regulation through identification and integrated regulation. A statistically significant difference was noticed in the case of participants’ gender as a variable in this research, especially taking into account intrinsic motivation to know and experience stimulation. Students’ irregular class attendance and decision not to participate in an extra written assignment were related to their lack of motivation. Furthermore, the degree of students’ motivation and their total average grade were in direct proportion. Finally, it was concluded that the participants perceived motivation as a significant outcome of EFL teaching.
{"title":"INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN EFL LEARNING AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL","authors":"Danijela M. Prošić Santovac, Ana V. Halas Popović","doi":"10.21618/fil2225086p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21618/fil2225086p","url":null,"abstract":"Whether learners are motivated or not and, if they are motivated, whether their motivation is intrinsic or extrinsic is an important factor influencing the outcome of learning a foreign language. This paper examines the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of students learning English as a foreign language at B1 level according to The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The theoretical background of the research set forth in this paper does not rely only on the aforementioned dichotomy but it is also based on a more detailed classification of extrinsic motivation by Ryan and Deci (2000) into four types (external regulation, introjected regulation, regulation through identification, integrated regulation) as well as the tripartite classification of intrinsic motivation by Vallerand et al. (1992) (intrinsic motivation to know, intrinsic motivation toward accomplishments, intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation). The aim of the research was to gain insight into the most significant factors influencing motivation of the aforementioned students, the type of motivation which is the strongest driving force in these students’ learning of English and the relation between different types of motivation and the students’ gender, regular class attendance, voluntary participation in an extra written assignment and the total average grade obtained throughout the entire academic year. The sample for the research included 145 students at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad enrolled on 14 different study programmes. A quantitative approach to data collection was used through a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The research results based on the statistical analysis of the collected data showed that the most important factor influencing motivation for EFL learning is the teachers’ behaviour and rapport with their students. In the examined sample, the most prominent type of motivation was an external one or, more specifically, regulation through identification and integrated regulation. A statistically significant difference was noticed in the case of participants’ gender as a variable in this research, especially taking into account intrinsic motivation to know and experience stimulation. Students’ irregular class attendance and decision not to participate in an extra written assignment were related to their lack of motivation. Furthermore, the degree of students’ motivation and their total average grade were in direct proportion. Finally, it was concluded that the participants perceived motivation as a significant outcome of EFL teaching.","PeriodicalId":197643,"journal":{"name":"Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117312292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper tries to present morphological productivity of compound nouns in a corpus comprised of news, literary, academic and TV registers using an onomasiological approach, namely, the productivity at the level of word-formation rules. The productivity at the aforementioned level is the union of the productivity at the level of word-formation types and morphological types. By using manual, descriptive, analytic and statistical methods, we came to 571 examples of compound nouns that fell into 10 different conceptual categories (Agent, Action, Result, Object, Location, Instrument, Substance, Time, Quantity, State), i.e. clusters. Each cluster offered pieces of information on the interaction of different concepts within different word-formation types together with the morphological aspect through different morphological types, which was the aim of the paper. The results proved our initial hypothesis that the interaction of different elements is of the utmost significance for better understanding of compounding. The interaction of two concepts dominated all clusters while the combination of two stems, especially two nouns, dominated morphological types.
{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY OF COMPOUND NOUNS IN ENGLISH AT THE LEVEL OF WORD-FORMATION RULES","authors":"Maja M. Žarković Mccray, Maja R. Kujundžić","doi":"10.21618/fil2225049z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21618/fil2225049z","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tries to present morphological productivity of compound nouns in a corpus comprised of news, literary, academic and TV registers using an onomasiological approach, namely, the productivity at the level of word-formation rules. The productivity at the aforementioned level is the union of the productivity at the level of word-formation types and morphological types. By using manual, descriptive, analytic and statistical methods, we came to 571 examples of compound nouns that fell into 10 different conceptual categories (Agent, Action, Result, Object, Location, Instrument, Substance, Time, Quantity, State), i.e. clusters. Each cluster offered pieces of information on the interaction of different concepts within different word-formation types together with the morphological aspect through different morphological types, which was the aim of the paper. The results proved our initial hypothesis that the interaction of different elements is of the utmost significance for better understanding of compounding. The interaction of two concepts dominated all clusters while the combination of two stems, especially two nouns, dominated morphological types.","PeriodicalId":197643,"journal":{"name":"Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125415264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of this paper is the analysis and classification of the most common doubts of linguists, researchers and teachers-practitioners in the field of methodology of teaching Serbian as a foreign language. The aim of this paper is to consider and find possible solutions. In this paper, we used the descriptive method and the method of theoretical analysis with the technique of content analysis. We conducted detailed qualitative and quantitative research. The material for the research consisted of posts (and comments) in a group on Facebook called Serbian Language for Foreigners: a group for lecturers. In two years the group gathered more than two thousand linguists, researchers and teachers-practitioners. A survey conducted in the second half of March 2022 showed us that all doubts and all questions can be classified into six major groups: 1) organisational issues of teaching Serbian as a foreign language, 2) issues related to the processing of materials and contents, 3) announcements of lectures, summer schools and webinars dedicated to this type of teaching, 4) business offers for teachers of Serbian as a foreign language, 5) interesting facts about learning Serbian and 6) tips for writing scientific research papers. In the end, we have tried to offer (potential) answers to the questions asked and clearly formulated doubts.
{"title":"THE MOST COMMON CONCERNS OF LECTURERS REGARDING THE TEACHING OF SERBIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE","authors":"Aleksandar M. Novaković","doi":"10.21618/fil2225115n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21618/fil2225115n","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this paper is the analysis and classification of the most common doubts of linguists, researchers and teachers-practitioners in the field of methodology of teaching Serbian as a foreign language. The aim of this paper is to consider and find possible solutions. In this paper, we used the descriptive method and the method of theoretical analysis with the technique of content analysis. We conducted detailed qualitative and quantitative research. The material for the research consisted of posts (and comments) in a group on Facebook called Serbian Language for Foreigners: a group for lecturers. In two years the group gathered more than two thousand linguists, researchers and teachers-practitioners. A survey conducted in the second half of March 2022 showed us that all doubts and all questions can be classified into six major groups: 1) organisational issues of teaching Serbian as a foreign language, 2) issues related to the processing of materials and contents, 3) announcements of lectures, summer schools and webinars dedicated to this type of teaching, 4) business offers for teachers of Serbian as a foreign language, 5) interesting facts about learning Serbian and 6) tips for writing scientific research papers. In the end, we have tried to offer (potential) answers to the questions asked and clearly formulated doubts.","PeriodicalId":197643,"journal":{"name":"Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114150181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language, apart from being a means of communication, is also an important medium for conveying meaning and shaping social and cultural patterns. Additionally, language plays an important role in defining notions such as gender and gender equality (Filipović, 2009; Cameron, 2003). In an era of active participation of women in the labour market, it is important to examine the impact of language on their position in society and their access to various fields (Stout, Dasgupta, 2011). The way in which employers advertise open job positions gives us a great insight into this topic. The aim of this paper is to examine the use of gender-sensitive language in job titles on four search engines in Serbia and Greece. This paper seeks to investigate the extent to which titles of female positions are represented, bearing in mind that the choice of linguistic elements has an impact on the perception of the market reality and the motivation of future employees. Specifically, the focus of the paper lies in the areas of accounting, customer support, translation, insurance, management, marketing, economics and science. Тhe findings are compared within two culturally and socially close contexts, in order to draw conclusions about the position of women in the labour market. The results of the analysis confirm the hypotheses, that is the examined job titles are rarely in line with gender-sensitive language. It was also found that the use of nomina agentis exclusively in the masculine gender is more common in the case of higher positions, especially in the field of management. The paper provides insights into the current situation with which women come into contact when searching for jobs in certain areas. Moreover, the study provides a basis for further research on the relationship between language and gender in the social Serbian and Greek context, respectively.
{"title":"THE USE OF FEMALE NOMINA AGENTIS IN JOB ADVERTISEMENTS – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SERBIAN AND MODERN GREEK LANGUAGE","authors":"Antonina V. Kostić","doi":"10.21618/fil2225143k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21618/fil2225143k","url":null,"abstract":"Language, apart from being a means of communication, is also an important medium for conveying meaning and shaping social and cultural patterns. Additionally, language plays an important role in defining notions such as gender and gender equality (Filipović, 2009; Cameron, 2003). In an era of active participation of women in the labour market, it is important to examine the impact of language on their position in society and their access to various fields (Stout, Dasgupta, 2011). The way in which employers advertise open job positions gives us a great insight into this topic. The aim of this paper is to examine the use of gender-sensitive language in job titles on four search engines in Serbia and Greece. This paper seeks to investigate the extent to which titles of female positions are represented, bearing in mind that the choice of linguistic elements has an impact on the perception of the market reality and the motivation of future employees. Specifically, the focus of the paper lies in the areas of accounting, customer support, translation, insurance, management, marketing, economics and science. Тhe findings are compared within two culturally and socially close contexts, in order to draw conclusions about the position of women in the labour market. The results of the analysis confirm the hypotheses, that is the examined job titles are rarely in line with gender-sensitive language. It was also found that the use of nomina agentis exclusively in the masculine gender is more common in the case of higher positions, especially in the field of management. The paper provides insights into the current situation with which women come into contact when searching for jobs in certain areas. Moreover, the study provides a basis for further research on the relationship between language and gender in the social Serbian and Greek context, respectively.","PeriodicalId":197643,"journal":{"name":"Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126109434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the critics have traditionally observed the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles as the disapproval of Victorian morals and double standards, the aim of this work is to point out the fact that this novel also has a general, universal meaning. Using Lukacs’ concept of realistic fiction as a synthesis of particular and universal as a starting point, the author of this research claims that this novel is a story of the tragic destiny of a particular character, but that at the same time Tess Durbeyfield functions as an embodiment of the Archetypal Feminine. Myths are symbolic expressions of archetypes, and, apart from numerous parallels with the ancient myth of Demeter and Persephone, the novel contains allusions to the myth of Genesis and to classical gods like Artemis and Apollo. The character of Tess Durbeyfield is closely related to earth and natural laws. Tough she has a great mythic potential, nobody (with the exception of Alec D’Urberville), not even Tess herself, realises it. Tis leads to a tragic outcome. Contrary to Persephone, who, even though Hades carries her to the Underworld and pronounces her his wife, succeeds to return to Earth and to begin a new life, Tess never regains stability after she loses her virginity to Alec. She does not recognise Alec’s function in terms of initiation into the world of maturity. Her sole reaction is neglect of the sensual part of her nature and her turning to the spiritual. There is no projection of the archetype, which inevitably leads Tess to failure and death.
{"title":"THE REVISIONS OF ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY IN TESS OF THE D’URBERVILLES","authors":"Nataša V. Ninčetović","doi":"10.21618/fil2225294n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21618/fil2225294n","url":null,"abstract":"Although the critics have traditionally observed the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles as the disapproval of Victorian morals and double standards, the aim of this work is to point out the fact that this novel also has a general, universal meaning. Using Lukacs’ concept of realistic fiction as a synthesis of particular and universal as a starting point, the author of this research claims that this novel is a story of the tragic destiny of a particular character, but that at the same time Tess Durbeyfield functions as an embodiment of the Archetypal Feminine. Myths are symbolic expressions of archetypes, and, apart from numerous parallels with the ancient myth of Demeter and Persephone, the novel contains allusions to the myth of Genesis and to classical gods like Artemis and Apollo. The character of Tess Durbeyfield is closely related to earth and natural laws. Tough she has a great mythic potential, nobody (with the exception of Alec D’Urberville), not even Tess herself, realises it. Tis leads to a tragic outcome. Contrary to Persephone, who, even though Hades carries her to the Underworld and pronounces her his wife, succeeds to return to Earth and to begin a new life, Tess never regains stability after she loses her virginity to Alec. She does not recognise Alec’s function in terms of initiation into the world of maturity. Her sole reaction is neglect of the sensual part of her nature and her turning to the spiritual. There is no projection of the archetype, which inevitably leads Tess to failure and death.","PeriodicalId":197643,"journal":{"name":"Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115001387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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