Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100390
Sara Sayonara da Cruz Nascimento , Thaís Souza Passos , Francisco Canindé de Sousa Júnior
Background
Plant-based food matrices have been increasingly used as vehicles for probiotics due to their high nutritional and bioactive value. Therefore, this review summarizes the health benefits of plant-based food matrices probiotics focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies.
Methods
A narrative literature review was performed to select articles published between 2015 and 2024. The Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE scientific databases were used. Full articles that evaluated the health benefits of consuming plant-based food matrices probiotics performed in vitro and in vivo (animal models and clinical trials in humans) were selected.
Results
From the scientific evidence, it was possible to highlight the health benefits of probiotics in plant-based food matrices and their association with bioactive compounds treating various diseases, proving beneficial effects in treating cancer, liver diseases, obesity, and related chronic diseases and inflammatory diseases. However, it was noted that clinical trials are still needed to confirm these effects in humans.
Conclusions
Plant-based food matrices probiotics have proven beneficial effects in various diseases based on in vitro and animal model studies. However, clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects.
背景由于植物基食品基质具有很高的营养和生物活性价值，因此越来越多地用作益生菌的载体。因此，本综述总结了植物性食品基质益生菌对健康的益处，重点关注体外和体内研究。采用 Scopus、Science Direct、Web of Science、PubMed 和 EMBASE 等科学数据库。结果从科学证据中可以突出植物性食品基质中益生菌的健康益处及其与治疗各种疾病的生物活性化合物的关联，证明其对治疗癌症、肝脏疾病、肥胖症以及相关慢性病和炎症性疾病有益。结论根据体外和动物模型研究，植物基食物基质中的益生菌已被证明对各种疾病有益。然而，还需要进行临床试验来证实这些效果。
{"title":"Probiotics in plant-based food matrices: A review of their health benefits","authors":"Sara Sayonara da Cruz Nascimento , Thaís Souza Passos , Francisco Canindé de Sousa Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Plant-based food matrices have been increasingly used as vehicles for probiotics due to their high nutritional and bioactive value. Therefore, this review summarizes the health benefits of plant-based food matrices probiotics focusing on <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A narrative literature review was performed to select articles published between 2015 and 2024. The Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE scientific databases were used. Full articles that evaluated the health benefits of consuming plant-based food matrices probiotics performed <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> (animal models and clinical trials in humans) were selected.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From the scientific evidence, it was possible to highlight the health benefits of probiotics in plant-based food matrices and their association with bioactive compounds treating various diseases, proving beneficial effects in treating cancer, liver diseases, obesity, and related chronic diseases and inflammatory diseases. However, it was noted that clinical trials are still needed to confirm these effects in humans.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Plant-based food matrices probiotics have proven beneficial effects in various diseases based on <em>in vitro</em> and animal model studies. However, clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141025484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100389
Rita Ribeiro-Oliveira , Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Joana Beatriz Sousa , Isabel M.P.L.V.O. Ferreira , Silvia M. Arribas , Carmen Diniz
Background
Peptides derived from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and yeast (BSY) are promising natural substitutes of synthetic drugs to manage hypertension as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). However, their impact on the vascular function, so far, remains to be verified. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the effect of brewing peptides on the arterial vasocontractile response to angiotensin (Ang) I (through vascular ACE-inhibition) to estimate their antihypertensive potential. The impact of the oral route (gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal absorption, and liver metabolism) in brewing peptides was also investigated.
Methods
Iliac arteries from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats were studied with isometric tension recording. After ensuring the function integrity of the arteries, concentration-response curves to addition of Ang I (10−9-10−6 M) were performed after 30 min incubation with MIX (50:50 mixture of BSG:BSY) or BSG (0.86 mg/mL), or captopril (an ACE-inhibitory drug) or Krebs solution.
Results
MIX peptides (without simulated oral administration) enhanced Ang I-induced vasoconstriction, but lacked vascular effects after simulated oral administration. By contrast, BSG peptides (without simulated oral administration) did not exhibit vascular effects, whereas they promoted a marked decrease in vasocontraction evoked by the generated Ang II after simulation of the oral route, implying their capability to inhibit ACE. Additionally, to elucidate this inhibitory mechanism, Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated a mixed inhibition type.
Conclusion
With simulation of the oral route, BSG peptides were able to inhibit vascular ACE with a similar efficacy as the antihypertensive drug captopril, suggesting the potential to mitigate the burden of hypertension.
背景从啤酒糟（BSG）和酵母（BSY）中提取的肽作为血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）的抑制剂，是治疗高血压的合成药物的天然替代品，前景广阔。然而，迄今为止，它们对血管功能的影响仍有待验证。因此，我们旨在评估酿造肽对血管紧张素（Ang）I（通过血管ACE抑制）的动脉血管收缩反应的影响，以估计其抗高血压的潜力。此外，还研究了口服途径（胃肠道消化、肠道吸收和肝脏代谢）对酿造肽的影响。方法通过等长张力记录对成年自发性高血压大鼠的髂动脉进行研究。在确保动脉功能完整后，用 MIX（50:50 的 BSG:BSY 混合物）或 BSG（0.86 毫克/毫升）、卡托普利（ACE 抑制药物）或克雷布斯溶液孵育 30 分钟后，对加入 Ang I（10-9-10-6 M）进行浓度反应曲线分析。与此相反，BSG 肽（未模拟口服）未表现出血管效应，但在模拟口服途径后，它们促进了由生成的 Ang II 诱导的血管收缩的明显减少，这意味着它们具有抑制 ACE 的能力。此外，为了阐明这种抑制机制，Michaelis-Menten 和 Lineweaver-Burk 图显示了一种混合抑制类型。结论通过模拟口服途径，BSG 肽能够抑制血管 ACE，其疗效与降压药卡托普利相似，这表明它们具有减轻高血压负担的潜力。
{"title":"Managing hypertension using brewing bioactive peptides as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: Impact on vascular tone through ex vivo assays","authors":"Rita Ribeiro-Oliveira , Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Joana Beatriz Sousa , Isabel M.P.L.V.O. Ferreira , Silvia M. Arribas , Carmen Diniz","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Peptides derived from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and yeast (BSY) are promising natural substitutes of synthetic drugs to manage hypertension as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). However, their impact on the vascular function, so far, remains to be verified. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the effect of brewing peptides on the arterial vasocontractile response to angiotensin (Ang) I (through vascular ACE-inhibition) to estimate their antihypertensive potential. The impact of the oral route (gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal absorption, and liver metabolism) in brewing peptides was also investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Iliac arteries from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats were studied with isometric tension recording. After ensuring the function integrity of the arteries, concentration-response curves to addition of Ang I (10<sup>−9</sup>-10<sup>−6</sup> M) were performed after 30 min incubation with MIX (50:50 mixture of BSG:BSY) or BSG (0.86 mg/mL), or captopril (an ACE-inhibitory drug) or Krebs solution.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>MIX peptides (without simulated oral administration) enhanced Ang I-induced vasoconstriction, but lacked vascular effects after simulated oral administration. By contrast, BSG peptides (without simulated oral administration) did not exhibit vascular effects, whereas they promoted a marked decrease in vasocontraction evoked by the generated Ang II after simulation of the oral route, implying their capability to inhibit ACE. Additionally, to elucidate this inhibitory mechanism, Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated a mixed inhibition type.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>With simulation of the oral route, BSG peptides were able to inhibit vascular ACE with a similar efficacy as the antihypertensive drug captopril, suggesting the potential to mitigate the burden of hypertension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140784284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100386
Mathilde Touvier, Pilar Galan, Chantal Julia, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Bernard Srour, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Valentina A. Andreeva, Serge Hercberg
{"title":"Rebuttal to the (pre-proof) paper published by S. Peters and H. Verhagen","authors":"Mathilde Touvier, Pilar Galan, Chantal Julia, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Bernard Srour, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Valentina A. Andreeva, Serge Hercberg","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100387
Stephan Peters , Hans Verhagen
Background
The front-of-pack label Nutri-Score is currently proposed as the system of choice in seven EU countries. However, there is still much scientific debate about the validation and efficacy of Nutri-Score and there is much discussion about author affiliation and study outcome.
Methods
Recently we published our paper: Nutri-Score and publication bias: A complete literature review of the substantiation of the effectiveness of the front-of-pack logo Nutri-Score Peters & Verhagen, PharmaNutrition 27 C (2024) 100380. This paper received a commentary paper by the developers of Nutri-Score: M. Touvier et al., 2024 “Rebuttal to the paper published by S. Peters and H. Verhagen”. We herewith provide an invited commentary to that rebuttal paper, which further supports the observed publication bias.
Results
In this response to the rebuttal, we primarily respond on the scientific issues raised in the rebuttal and explain more about our alleged conflict of interest and our motivation to write the paper. Moreover, we basically thank the authors of the rebuttal paper for, perhaps ironically but essentially, confirming our analysis: there is a publication bias versus affiliation.
Discussion
Overall, the available evidence is clearly limited and biased, and more research is needed to substantiate or disprove the effectiveness of Nutri-Score.
{"title":"Coming from opposite parts of the spectrum of interpreting studies about Nutri-Score: Suggestion of publication bias cannot be denied","authors":"Stephan Peters , Hans Verhagen","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The front-of-pack label Nutri-Score is currently proposed as the system of choice in seven EU countries. However, there is still much scientific debate about the validation and efficacy of Nutri-Score and there is much discussion about author affiliation and study outcome.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Recently we published our paper: Nutri-Score and publication bias: A complete literature review of the substantiation of the effectiveness of the front-of-pack logo Nutri-Score Peters & Verhagen, PharmaNutrition 27 C (2024) 100380. This paper received a commentary paper by the developers of Nutri-Score: M. Touvier et al., 2024 “Rebuttal to the paper published by S. Peters and H. Verhagen”. We herewith provide an invited commentary to that rebuttal paper, which further supports the observed publication bias.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In this response to the rebuttal, we primarily respond on the scientific issues raised in the rebuttal and explain more about our alleged conflict of interest and our motivation to write the paper. Moreover, we basically thank the authors of the rebuttal paper for, perhaps ironically but essentially, confirming our analysis: there is a publication bias versus affiliation.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Overall, the available evidence is clearly limited and biased, and more research is needed to substantiate or disprove the effectiveness of Nutri-Score.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100388
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
Background
Derived from Garcinia plants, garcinol has gained prominence for its versatile health benefits, ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to immunomodulation and anticancer effects. Notably, there is a growing interest in exploring its potential against obesity and related disorders. While hydroxycitric acid (HCA) has been linked to the anti-obesity effects of certain Garcinia fruits, recent research emphasizes the role of garcinol, either alone or in combination, in mediating these effects.
Methods
The review was conducted using the databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search was performed using the keywords 'obesity’, 'overweight', 'garcinol', 'in vitro’, 'in vivo’ and 'clinical studies.' Discussions focused on the effect of garcinol on body weight, obesity and its related complications.
Results
The findings revealed that garcinol, distinct from HCA, plays a central role in anti-obesity effects. Inhibiting fatty acid synthase emerged as a key mechanism, disrupting fatty acid synthesis and facilitating weight control. Garcinol demonstrated effectiveness in appetite suppression, fat reduction, modulation of obesity-related factors, and metabolic enhancement, collectively contributing to weight loss. Furthermore, the study established the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of garcinol, underscoring its anti-inflammatory properties as valuable in addressing obesity-associated inflammation.
Conclusion
While promising indications from cell, animal, and preliminary clinical studies highlight garcinol's anti-obesity potential, it is crucial to acknowledge that research in this domain is still in its early stages. To conclusively establish the effectiveness and safety of garcinol as an anti-obesity treatment, comprehensive studies, particularly involving human subjects, are imperative.
{"title":"A multi-targeted approach of garcinol for obesity intervention: Mechanistic insights and possible clinical applications","authors":"Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Derived from Garcinia plants, garcinol has gained prominence for its versatile health benefits, ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to immunomodulation and anticancer effects. Notably, there is a growing interest in exploring its potential against obesity and related disorders. While hydroxycitric acid (HCA) has been linked to the anti-obesity effects of certain Garcinia fruits, recent research emphasizes the role of garcinol, either alone or in combination, in mediating these effects.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The review was conducted using the databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search was performed using the keywords 'obesity’, 'overweight', 'garcinol', '<em>in vitro</em>’, '<em>in vivo</em>’ and 'clinical studies.' Discussions focused on the effect of garcinol on body weight, obesity and its related complications.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings revealed that garcinol, distinct from HCA, plays a central role in anti-obesity effects. Inhibiting fatty acid synthase emerged as a key mechanism, disrupting fatty acid synthesis and facilitating weight control. Garcinol demonstrated effectiveness in appetite suppression, fat reduction, modulation of obesity-related factors, and metabolic enhancement, collectively contributing to weight loss. Furthermore, the study established the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of garcinol, underscoring its anti-inflammatory properties as valuable in addressing obesity-associated inflammation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>While promising indications from cell, animal, and preliminary clinical studies highlight garcinol's anti-obesity potential, it is crucial to acknowledge that research in this domain is still in its early stages. To conclusively establish the effectiveness and safety of garcinol as an anti-obesity treatment, comprehensive studies, particularly involving human subjects, are imperative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100383
Mariana S.S. Menezes , Cristina M.M. Almeida
Background
The importance of vitamin A to human health is neither a new nor emerging topic; however, information regarding its primary food sources, chemical structure, physiological role, pharmacokinetics, dosage, and relationship with various pathologies is not always concise and hence difficult to understand. Therefore, this review aims to summarise the available information on the role of vitamin A in health and disease in the context of advances in drug discovery and trials.
Methods
This review includes research articles published between 1974 and 2022 that were identified using multiple search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Select keywords were used to maximize the retrieval of relevant results. The criteria included original research and review articles on the topic. The selection of information sources was based on the publication date with a preference for papers published between 2012 and 2022. After excluding conference proceedings, redundant articles, non-English publications, and website publications from food and medical institutions, 106 articles were included.
Results
Vitamin A is a versatile vitamin that is involved in many physiological systems. Previous studies have discovered novel associations between vitamin A and various diseases and potential new indications for drug formulations.
Conclusion
Further studies are necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of vitamin A interventions, especially that of retinoids, in the treatment and prevention of several pathologies, some of which are yet to be examined. These future studies could provide better evidence of the clinical significance of retinoids.
背景维生素 A 对人类健康的重要性既不是一个新话题，也不是一个正在出现的话题；然而，有关维生素 A 的主要食物来源、化学结构、生理作用、药代动力学、剂量以及与各种病症的关系的信息并不总是简明扼要，因此很难理解。因此，本综述旨在结合药物发现和试验方面的进展，总结有关维生素 A 在健康和疾病中的作用的现有信息。为了最大限度地检索到相关结果，我们使用了精选关键词。标准包括有关该主题的原创研究和评论文章。信息来源的选择以发表日期为基础，优先考虑 2012 年至 2022 年间发表的论文。在剔除会议论文集、冗余文章、非英文出版物以及食品和医疗机构的网站出版物后，共纳入 106 篇文章。结论有必要开展进一步的研究，以评估维生素 A 干预措施（尤其是维甲酸）在治疗和预防多种病症方面的有效性和安全性，其中一些病症尚有待研究。这些未来的研究可以为维甲酸的临床意义提供更好的证据。
{"title":"Structural, functional, nutritional and clinical aspects of vitamin A: A review","authors":"Mariana S.S. Menezes , Cristina M.M. Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The importance of vitamin A to human health is neither a new nor emerging topic; however, information regarding its primary food sources, chemical structure, physiological role, pharmacokinetics, dosage, and relationship with various pathologies is not always concise and hence difficult to understand. Therefore, this review aims to summarise the available information on the role of vitamin A in health and disease in the context of advances in drug discovery and trials.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This review includes research articles published between 1974 and 2022 that were identified using multiple search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Select keywords were used to maximize the retrieval of relevant results. The criteria included original research and review articles on the topic. The selection of information sources was based on the publication date with a preference for papers published between 2012 and 2022. After excluding conference proceedings, redundant articles, non-English publications, and website publications from food and medical institutions, 106 articles were included.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Vitamin A is a versatile vitamin that is involved in many physiological systems. Previous studies have discovered novel associations between vitamin A and various diseases and potential new indications for drug formulations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Further studies are necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of vitamin A interventions, especially that of retinoids, in the treatment and prevention of several pathologies, some of which are yet to be examined. These future studies could provide better evidence of the clinical significance of retinoids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and debilitating disease, as the currently available medications such as endothelin receptor antagonists, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin agonists only provide symptomatic relief without offering a complete cure. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel approaches that target the underlying cellular and molecular signaling pathways involved in PAH.
Method
Phenolic acids represent a class of phytochemical compounds that possess well-established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making them of significant interest in the treatment of PAH. In this review, we specifically focus on three bioactive components: salvianolic acids, magnesium lithospermate B extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and osthole, which is a coumarin-type compound.
Results
By examining the therapeutic potential of these compounds, we aim to shed light on their role in mitigating the effects of PAH and contribute to the development of innovative treatment strategies. In the progression of PAH, various functional signaling molecules and pathways are inhibited by phenolic acids. These include p38MAPK, P38, ROS, ROCK, Ras, MEK 1/2, ERK 1/2, TGF β, BMPR-2, Smad 1/5/8, NOX2, NOX4, CDK 4/6. On the other hand, PI3K and AKT pathways are upregulated.
Conclusion
The lack of definitive treatment for PAH highlights the importance of further studies and evaluations to translate these therapies to the clinic, given the outstanding characteristics of phenolic acids.
{"title":"Plant-derived phenolic acids in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension: A review of the underlying mechanisms","authors":"Elaheh Mirhadi , Wael Almahmeed , Prashant Kesharwani , Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and debilitating disease, as the currently available medications such as endothelin receptor antagonists, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin agonists only provide symptomatic relief without offering a complete cure. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel approaches that target the underlying cellular and molecular signaling pathways involved in PAH.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Phenolic acids represent a class of phytochemical compounds that possess well-established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making them of significant interest in the treatment of PAH. In this review, we specifically focus on three bioactive components: salvianolic acids, magnesium lithospermate B extracted from <em>Salvia miltiorrhiza</em>, and osthole, which is a coumarin-type compound.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>By examining the therapeutic potential of these compounds, we aim to shed light on their role in mitigating the effects of PAH and contribute to the development of innovative treatment strategies. In the progression of PAH, various functional signaling molecules and pathways are inhibited by phenolic acids. These include p38MAPK, P38, ROS, ROCK, Ras, MEK 1/2, ERK 1/2, TGF β, BMPR-2, Smad 1/5/8, NOX2, NOX4, CDK 4/6. On the other hand, PI3K and AKT pathways are upregulated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The lack of definitive treatment for PAH highlights the importance of further studies and evaluations to translate these therapies to the clinic, given the outstanding characteristics of phenolic acids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sulfur-containing compounds derived from natural sources, including marine and terrestrial organisms, have garnered significant attention for their potential therapeutic applications in addressing chronic diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite available treatments targeting the endothelin, prostacyclin, and nitric oxide pathways, PAH remains a progressive clinical condition.
Method
The characteristic features of PAH, including increased vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, and remodeling leading to heart failure, have spurred researchers to explore novel treatment approaches. Certain plant species, particularly those belonging to the allium family, have been found to produce sulfur-containing compounds such as cysteine sulfoxides and glucosinolates with protective properties.
Results
Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) have shown promise in reducing inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, NO, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17.
Conclusion
In this review, we delve into the therapeutic role of specific sulfur-containing compounds, namely sulforaphane, allicin, and hydrogen sulfide, in the treatment of PAH.
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of organosulfur compounds in pulmonary hypertension","authors":"Elaheh Mirhadi , Maryam Mirhadi , Prashant Kesharwani , Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sulfur-containing compounds derived from natural sources, including marine and terrestrial organisms, have garnered significant attention for their potential therapeutic applications in addressing chronic diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite available treatments targeting the endothelin, prostacyclin, and nitric oxide pathways, PAH remains a progressive clinical condition.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The characteristic features of PAH, including increased vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, and remodeling leading to heart failure, have spurred researchers to explore novel treatment approaches. Certain plant species, particularly those belonging to the allium family, have been found to produce sulfur-containing compounds such as cysteine sulfoxides and glucosinolates with protective properties.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) have shown promise in reducing inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, NO, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this review, we delve into the therapeutic role of specific sulfur-containing compounds, namely sulforaphane, allicin, and hydrogen sulfide, in the treatment of PAH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100380
Stephan Peters , Hans Verhagen
Background
The front-of-pack label Nutri-Score is currently proposed as the system of choice in seven EU countries. However, there is still much scientific debate about the validation and efficacy of Nutri-Score and there is much discussion about author affiliation and study outcome.
Methods
To address these issues, we conducted a complete PubMed search on Nutri-Score which resulted in n = 180 results and selected all papers that address the relevance of the evidence for the validation of Nutri-Score (n = 104).
Results
Our main observations are that the large majority of studies that support the Nutri-Score are carried out by the developers of Nutri-Score. In contrast, the majority (61%) of studies that are carried out independently from the developers of Nutri-Score showed unfavourable results. A second observation is that even though the theoretical effect of Nutri-Score is validated on a multi-nutrient algorithm (FSA-NPS), there is no real-life evidence of any beneficial effects of Nutri-Score on this algorithm in a complete supermarket range. In conclusion, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of Nutri-Score as an effective public health tool.
Discussion
Overall, the available evidence is limited and biased, and more research is needed to substantiate or disprove the effectiveness of Nutri-Score.
{"title":"Publication bias and Nutri-Score: A complete literature review of the substantiation of the effectiveness of the front-of-pack logo Nutri-Score","authors":"Stephan Peters , Hans Verhagen","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The front-of-pack label Nutri-Score is currently proposed as the system of choice in seven EU countries. However, there is still much scientific debate about the validation and efficacy of Nutri-Score and there is much discussion about author affiliation and study outcome.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To address these issues, we conducted a complete PubMed search on Nutri-Score which resulted in n = 180 results and selected all papers that address the relevance of the evidence for the validation of Nutri-Score (n = 104).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our main observations are that the large majority of studies that support the Nutri-Score are carried out by the developers of Nutri-Score. In contrast, the majority (61%) of studies that are carried out independently from the developers of Nutri-Score showed unfavourable results. A second observation is that even though the theoretical effect of Nutri-Score is validated on a multi-nutrient algorithm (FSA-NPS), there is no real-life evidence of any beneficial effects of Nutri-Score on this algorithm in a complete supermarket range. In conclusion, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of Nutri-Score as an effective public health tool.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Overall, the available evidence is limited and biased, and more research is needed to substantiate or disprove the effectiveness of Nutri-Score.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434424000069/pdfft?md5=345dff8a58f1d4271392ca50e90247d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434424000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139874812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100379
Jelena Banović Fuentes , Maja Amidžić , Jovica Banović , Ljilja Torović
Background
The use of the internet for researching and purchasing dietary supplements (DS) is rapidly increasing, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic influenced people to seek information related to health problems online. However, internet marketing is not subject to strict controls and can potentially mislead consumers.
Methods
The study assessed information obtained through internet search on websites for online sale of 75 DS intended for cognitive improvement and prevention of cognitive degeneration.
Results
The analysis revealed a wide array of active substances (126), most often three or more being present in one DS (61.3%). Data on auxiliary substances were present in 74.3% of DS, with 92.7% of DS specifying usage instructions. However, information on references (10.7%), mechanism of action (50.7%), pharmacological (9.3%) and toxicological (5.3%) effects, as well as presence or absence of allergens (21.3%), were considerably less represented. Warnings were not provided in 41.3% of DS, while 77.3% had some information on potential adverse/side effects. Claims, as the primary drivers of supplement promotion, were present in all assessed DS, but in case of USA products were not always followed by FDA disclaimer (8.2%), while in case of EU products, as many as 90.9% had at least one unapproved claim.
Conclusion
Stricter regulations for advertising and selling DS are necessary, along with harmonization among countries, as the internet is a global space that transcends national borders and laws. There is a necessity to enhance inspection oversight and a need for public education on recognizing secure and verified information on the internet.
{"title":"Internet marketing of dietary supplements for improving memory and cognitive abilities","authors":"Jelena Banović Fuentes , Maja Amidžić , Jovica Banović , Ljilja Torović","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of the internet for researching and purchasing dietary supplements (DS) is rapidly increasing, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic influenced people to seek information related to health problems online. However, internet marketing is not subject to strict controls and can potentially mislead consumers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study assessed information obtained through internet search on websites for online sale of 75 DS intended for cognitive improvement and prevention of cognitive degeneration.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analysis revealed a wide array of active substances (126), most often three or more being present in one DS (61.3%). Data on auxiliary substances were present in 74.3% of DS, with 92.7% of DS specifying usage instructions. However, information on references (10.7%), mechanism of action (50.7%), pharmacological (9.3%) and toxicological (5.3%) effects, as well as presence or absence of allergens (21.3%), were considerably less represented. Warnings were not provided in 41.3% of DS, while 77.3% had some information on potential adverse/side effects. Claims, as the primary drivers of supplement promotion, were present in all assessed DS, but in case of USA products were not always followed by FDA disclaimer (8.2%), while in case of EU products, as many as 90.9% had at least one unapproved claim.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Stricter regulations for advertising and selling DS are necessary, along with harmonization among countries, as the internet is a global space that transcends national borders and laws. There is a necessity to enhance inspection oversight and a need for public education on recognizing secure and verified information on the internet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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