Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献_第10页

Amending metagenomic bacterial community in soybean-cultivated soils to enhance phytoestrogen in soybean roots by communicating with mixture of culturable rhizospheric bacteria 改良大豆栽培土壤宏基因组细菌群落，通过与可培养根际细菌的混合交流提高大豆根系雌激素

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111093

Du Yong Cho , Md Azizul Haque , Hee Yul Lee , Mu Yeun Jang , Jong Bin Jeong , Ga Yong Lee , Ki-Ho Son , Jin Hwan Lee , Kye Man Cho

The amendment of metagenomic bacterial community in soybean-cultivated soils to enhance phytoestrogen levels in soybean roots through communicating with mixture of culturable rhizospheric bacteria (RB) were rarely studied. RB from soybean roots and soybean-cultivated soils were isolated and applied to soybean plants. Treated soybean plants were divided into three groups: control (CTL), soybean root RB (SRR), and soybean-cultivated soil RB (SSR). Each group had a distinct influence on the metagenomic bacterial community of the soybean rhizosphere. The α-proteobacteria were the dominant class in all three groups, although SRR was enriched with Actinomycetes, Fimbriimonadia, and γ-proteobacteria, while SSR was enriched with Bacilli, Chitinophagia, and Gemmatimonadia classes. Additionally, at the significantly species level, SRR was enriched with Arthrobacter sp. and Azospirillum lipoferum, while SSR was enriched with Bradyrhizobium sp. and Rhizobium sp. Moreover, the RB treatment significantly affected the root metabolite composition. In the SSR-treated group, phenylalanine (18.80–47.81 mg/100 g) and tyrosine (8.03–21.98 mg/100 g) tended to be significantly enhanced. Additionally, secondary metabolites, such as isoflavones, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, were also significantly affected by the RB treatment; secondary metabolites were the highest in the SSR-treated group. These changes in metabolites also affected radical scavenging activities, with the SSR-treated group displaying significantly increased activities compared to the other groups. As a result, DPPH increased from 32.44 % to 47.21 % and ABTS from 53.41 % to 74.23 %. Therefore, RB treatment can influence the bacteria and root metabolite compositions within the soybean rhizosphere, revealing its potential applications in soybean productivity.

大豆栽培土壤中宏基因组细菌群落通过与可培养根际细菌（RB）混合物的交流来提高大豆根系中植物雌激素水平的研究很少。从大豆根系和大豆栽培土壤中分离出RB，并应用于大豆植株。将处理过的大豆植株分为对照（CTL）、大豆根系RB （SRR）和大豆栽培土壤RB (SSR) 3组。各组对大豆根际宏基因组细菌群落的影响不同。虽然SRR富集了放线菌、纤溶单胞菌和γ-变形菌，但SSR富集了芽孢杆菌、食几丁菌和单胞菌，α-变形菌是3个组的优势菌纲。此外，在物种水平上，SRR富集了节杆菌和氮螺旋菌，而SSR富集了慢生根瘤菌和根瘤菌。RB处理显著影响了根代谢物组成。ssr组苯丙氨酸（18.80 ~ 47.81 mg/100 g）和酪氨酸（8.03 ~ 21.98 mg/100 g）有显著升高的趋势。此外，次生代谢物，如异黄酮、总酚和总黄酮，也受到RB处理的显著影响；次生代谢产物以ssr处理组最高。代谢物的这些变化也影响自由基清除活性，与其他组相比，ssr处理组的活性显著增加。结果DPPH由32.44%提高到47.21%，ABTS由53.41%提高到74.23%。因此，RB处理可以影响大豆根际细菌和根代谢物组成，揭示其在大豆生产力中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptome analysis of Stephania cepharantha and characterization of two CYP80B genes involved in the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis 头棘的转录组分析及参与苯基异喹啉生物碱合成的两个CYP80B基因的鉴定。

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111088

Yuhan Feng , Yi He , Yaoting Li , Wan Guo , Yu Gao , Jiatao Zhang , Yun Kang , Chun Lei , Yaqin Wang , Jianming Huang

Stephania cepharantha Hayata is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with diverse pharmacological activities. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), including cepharanthine and cycleanine, are the major bioactive constituents in this species. Although previous studies have proposed the biosynthetic pathway of cepharanthine based on genomic data of S. cepharantha and validated one norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) and one 4′-O-methyltransferase (4′OMT) involved in the BIA biosynthesis, the complete biosynthetic pathway of BIAs in this plant and the key enzymes involved remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we conducted transcriptome analysis of different tissues of S. cepharantha (roots and leaves), complemented by chemical analysis of major BIAs, to discover candidate enzymes involved in BIA biosynthesis. A total of 67,851 unigenes and 110,252 transcripts were assembled from RNA-seq data using the Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform. HPLC analysis showed a significantly higher accumulation of major BIAs in the roots compared to the leaves. Based on the transcriptome data and the BIA distribution, forty BIA-related candidate genes were identified and a putative BIA biosynthetic pathway for S. cepharantha was proposed. Furthermore, two key cytochrome P450 genes, ScCYP80B1 and ScCYP80B2, were cloned from S. cepharantha and co-expressed with ScCPR1 (also cloned from this plant) in yeast for functional characterization. ScCYP80B1 showed broad 3′-hydroxylation activity towards both N-methylcoclaurine and coclaurine, while ScCYP80B2 specifically catalyzes the 3′-hydroxylation of N-methylcoclaurine. The transcriptome analysis of S. cepharantha advances our understanding of the BIA biosynthetic pathway and the functional characterization of the two CYP80B genes provides new genetic elements for the BIA biosynthesis.

头花是一种具有多种药理活性的传统中药植物。苯基异喹啉生物碱（BIAs）是该物种的主要生物活性成分，包括头蒽醌和环嘌呤。虽然已有研究基于头花的基因组数据提出了头花素的生物合成途径，并验证了一种去甲氯嘌呤合成酶（NCS）和一种4′- o -甲基转移酶（4′omt）参与了BIA的生物合成，但该植物中BIAs的完整生物合成途径和所涉及的关键酶在很大程度上仍未被确定。在本研究中，我们对头棘不同组织（根和叶）进行转录组分析，并辅以主要BIAs的化学分析，以发现参与BIA生物合成的候选酶。使用Illumina HiSeq X Ten平台，从RNA-seq数据中共组装了67,851个unigenes和110,252个转录本。高效液相色谱分析表明，与叶片相比，主要偏倚在根中的积累量显著增加。基于转录组数据和BIA分布，鉴定了40个BIA相关候选基因，并提出了可能的头棘BIA生物合成途径。此外，从头棘中克隆了两个关键的细胞色素P450基因ScCYP80B1和ScCYP80B2，并在酵母中与同样从该植物中克隆的ScCPR1共表达以进行功能表征。ScCYP80B1对n - methylcoclurine和coclurine均表现出广泛的3′-羟基化活性，而ScCYP80B2对n - methylcoclurine具有特异性的3′-羟基化催化作用。头棘的转录组分析促进了我们对BIA生物合成途径的认识，两个CYP80B基因的功能表征为BIA生物合成提供了新的遗传元件。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon to nano-carbon: comparative efficacy of conventional biochar and SiO2-nanoparticles inoculated biochar in enhancing physiological, anatomical, and molecular salt tolerance in rice 碳与纳米碳：常规生物炭与二氧化硅纳米颗粒接种生物炭增强水稻生理、解剖和分子耐盐性的比较效果

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111081

Haider Sultan , Jingdong Chen , Mohammad Faizan , Tianyuan Xue , Heping Wan , Changli Zeng

Soil salinity severely limits rice productivity by impairing photosynthesis, disturbing ion homeostasis and accelerating oxidative injury. The study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of biochar (BC), SiO₂ nanoparticles (Si-NPs) and their combined composite SiO₂ nano-modified biochar (SBC) in enhancing salt tolerance in rice. Material characterization (SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD) confirmed successful anchoring of SiO₂ onto the biochar matrix, forming a highly reactive nano-carbon composite. In this study rice plants under moderate salinity (EC ≈ 7 dS m⁻¹) conditions exhibited pronounced growth inhibition, excessive Na⁺ accumulation, elevated oxidative damage and impaired photosynthetic performance. In contrast, application of SBC substantially outperformed BC and Si-NPs and markedly alleviated stress symptoms. Relative to the CK-S, SBC reduced H₂O₂ and MDA by 55.4 % and 38.2 %, respectively, and enhanced SOD, POD and CAT activities by 39.5, 47.3 % and 31.3 %. Photosynthetic performance also improved significantly, with increase of 72.5 % in Pn, 77.2 % in Gs, 178.6 % and in ETR. SBC also improved the osmotic adjustment raising starch and sucrose content by 62.1 % and 70.9 % while reducing excessive proline accumulation by 30.6 %. Ion homeostasis improved through lower Na⁺ uptake and higher K⁺ retention resulting in a markedly higher K⁺/Na⁺ ratio through application of SBC. Furthermore, SEM imaging and transcript analysis revealed improved stomatal structure and root anatomical resilience while qRT-PCR showed upregulation of key stress-responsive genes associated with antioxidant and ion-transport pathways. These findings demonstrate that SBC provides a synergistic biochar-nanoparticle mechanism that comprehensively enhances rice tolerance to salinity, offering a promising and sustainable amendment for improving productivity in salt-affected agricultural systems.

土壤盐分通过破坏光合作用、扰乱离子平衡和加速氧化损伤严重限制水稻产量。本研究旨在评价生物炭（BC）、SiO2纳米颗粒（Si-NPs）及其复合SiO2纳米改性生物炭（SBC）增强水稻耐盐性的比较效果。材料表征（SEM， TEM， FTIR， XRD）证实SiO2成功锚定在生物炭基体上，形成了高活性的纳米碳复合材料。在本研究中，中等盐度（EC≈7 dS m−1）条件下的水稻植株表现出明显的生长抑制、Na+积累过多、氧化损伤加剧和光合性能受损。相比之下，SBC的应用大大优于BC和Si-NPs，并显着缓解应激症状。与CK-S相比，SBC使H2O2和MDA活性分别降低55.4%和38.2%，SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高39.5%、47.3%和31.3%。光合性能也显著提高，Pn提高72.5%，Gs提高77.2%，ETR提高178.6%。SBC还改善了渗透调节，使淀粉和蔗糖含量分别提高了62.1%和70.9%，同时使脯氨酸的过量积累减少了30.6%。SBC通过降低Na+的摄取和提高K+的保留来改善离子稳态，从而显著提高K+/Na+比值。此外，SEM成像和转录分析显示气孔结构和根系解剖弹性得到改善，qRT-PCR显示与抗氧化和离子运输途径相关的关键应激响应基因上调。这些发现表明，SBC提供了一种生物炭-纳米颗粒的协同机制，可以全面提高水稻的耐盐性，为提高受盐影响的农业系统的生产力提供了一种有希望和可持续的改良方法。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular identification of flavanone 3-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase from Cudrania tricuspidata 三爪鼠黄酮3-羟化酶和黄酮醇合成酶的分子鉴定

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111083

Jie Fu , Jian Liu , Xin-Yan Liu , Jiang-Nan Li , Dan-Dan Xu , Ying Lu , Rong Ni , Jiao-Zhen Zhang , Ai-Xia Cheng , Shuai Gao

Cudrania tricuspidata (Moraceae) serves as a viable feed source for oligophagous silkworms in silk production. This plant also exhibits a wide range of biological activities and accumulates a rich diversity of flavonoids, including flavonols. Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and flavonol synthase (FLS) are key rate-limiting enzymes in flavonol biosynthesis. F3H catalyzes the conversion of flavanones into dihydroflavonols, and FLS subsequently converts dihydroflavonols into flavonols. However, F3H and FLS have not yet been identified in C. tricuspidata. In this study, we identified two F3H enzymes (CtrF3H1 and CtrF3H2) and one FLS enzyme (CtrFLS) from C. tricuspidata and functionally characterized them using in vitro and in vivo assays. Enzymatic assays demonstrated that CtrF3H1 and CtrF3H2 exhibit flavanone 3-hydroxylase activity toward flavanones, with CtrF3H2 displaying broader substrate-catalyzed activity and is capable of catalyzing five flavanones (naringenin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, liquiritigenin, and pinocembrin). Enzymatic kinetic analysis revealed that CtrF3H1 exhibits higher catalytic efficiency toward naringenin. Additionally, site-directed mutagenesis experiments have elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in substrate selectivity between CtrF3H1 and CtrF3H2. Moreover, CtrF3H1 can increase the content of flavones and flavonols in Arabidopsis thaliana CtrF3H1/tt6, indicating that CtrF3H1 exhibits a degree of functional diversity in plants. CtrFLS can convert dihydroflavonol to flavonol in vitro, and CtrFLS overexpression in the fls mutant leads to increased levels of the flavonols kaempferol and quercetin. The discovery of CtrF3H and CtrFLS enhances our understanding of flavonoids biosynthesis and diversity in C. tricuspidata.

在蚕丝生产中，三齿桑科（Moraceae）是寡食蚕的一种可行的饲料来源。该植物还具有广泛的生物活性，并积累了丰富的黄酮类化合物，包括黄酮醇。黄酮3-羟化酶（F3H）和黄酮醇合成酶（FLS）是黄酮醇生物合成的关键限速酶。F3H催化黄酮转化为二氢黄酮醇，FLS随后将二氢黄酮醇转化为黄酮醇。然而，F3H和FLS在tricuspidata中尚未被鉴定。在这项研究中，我们从三爪蟹中鉴定出两种F3H酶（CtrF3H1和CtrF3H2）和一种FLS酶（CtrFLS），并通过体外和体内实验对它们进行了功能表征。酶促实验表明，CtrF3H1和CtrF3H2表现出对黄酮的黄酮3-羟化酶活性，其中CtrF3H2表现出更广泛的底物催化活性，能够催化5种黄酮（柚皮素、周周醇、橙皮素、利尿素和松皮素）。酶动力学分析表明，CtrF3H1对柚皮素具有较高的催化效率。此外，位点定向诱变实验已经阐明了CtrF3H1和CtrF3H2之间底物选择性差异的分子机制。此外，CtrF3H1可以增加拟南芥CtrF3H1/tt6中黄酮和黄酮醇的含量，说明CtrF3H1在植物中表现出一定程度的功能多样性。CtrFLS可以在体外将二氢黄酮醇转化为黄酮醇，在fls突变体中CtrFLS过表达导致黄酮醇山奈酚和槲皮素水平升高。CtrF3H和CtrFLS的发现增强了我们对三尖茅类黄酮生物合成和多样性的认识。

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引用次数: 0

ε-Poly-l-lysine delayed the passion fruit rot development by affecting the oxidative stress, AsA-GSH cycle and membrane lipid components ε-聚赖氨酸通过影响氧化应激、AsA-GSH循环和膜脂组分，延缓了百香果腐烂的发生

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111072

Yuzhao Lin , Hongbin Chen , Qianyu Wang , Yankun Tan , Weibin Lin , Ke Liao , Xuanjing Jiang , Yazhen Chen , Yihui Chen

Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a major pathogen that seriously causes the fruit rot and reduces the postharvest quality of passion fruit. ε-PL, as an effective antifungal agent, exhibis strong inhibitory activity against the postharvest rot of fruits. This study investigated how ε-PL mitigated L. theobromae-induced passion fruit rot development, involving effects on oxidative stress, AsA-GSH cycle and membrane lipid component contents. Compared to L. theobromae-infected passion fruit, ε-PL reduced the lesion diameter and disease index of the fruit, thereby delaying the passion fruit rot onset. Furthermore, ε-PL decreased the CMP and contents of O₂^−., H₂O₂ and MDA, while increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and POD, as well as the levels of total phenolics, flavonoid, reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging ability of L. theobromae-infected passion fruit. Additionally, ε-PL-treated L. theobromae-infected passion fruit revealed higher activities of DHAR, APX, GPX, MDHAR and GR, along with greater levels of GSH, GSSG and AsA, lower content of DHA, and higher ratios of GSH/GSSG and AsA/DHA. Besides, ε-PL raised the levels of USFAs, FAs unsaturation, PI and PC, reduced the activities of PI-PLC, lipase, PC-PLC, PLD and LOX, and decreased the amounts of DAG, PA and SFAs in L. theobromae-infected passion fruit. Therefore, ε-PL delayed passion fruit rot development caused by L. theobromae. The underlying mechanism involved ε-PL enhancing activity of AsA-GSH cycle and reducing modification of membrane lipid components, thereby alleviating oxidative stress and preserving cell membrane structure.

西番莲病是严重导致西番莲果实腐烂，降低果实采后品质的主要病原菌。ε-PL作为一种有效的抗真菌剂，对果实采后腐病有较强的抑制作用。本研究探讨了ε-PL如何减轻L.可可碱诱导的百香果腐烂发育，包括对氧化应激、AsA-GSH循环和膜脂成分含量的影响。与L.可可碱侵染的百香果相比，ε-PL降低了百香果的损伤直径和病害指数，从而延缓了百香果的腐烂发生。此外，ε-PL降低了CMP和O2−的含量。， H2O2和MDA，同时增加了SOD、CAT和POD的活性，以及总酚类物质、类黄酮的含量、还原力和清除DPPH自由基的能力。经ε- pl处理的百香果DHAR、APX、GPX、MDHAR和GR活性较高，GSH、GSSG和AsA含量较高，DHA含量较低，GSH/GSSG和AsA/DHA比值较高。此外，ε-PL提高了百香果中USFAs、FAs不饱和、PI和PC的水平，降低了PI- plc、脂肪酶、PC- plc、PLD和LOX的活性，降低了DAG、PA和sfa的含量。因此，ε-PL延缓了西番莲果腐病的发生。其机制可能与ε-PL增强AsA-GSH循环活性，减少膜脂组分修饰，从而减轻氧化应激，保护细胞膜结构有关。

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引用次数: 0

CRISPR mediated inactivation of OsPLDβ1 phospholipase enhances drought tolerance by upregulating stress-related genes and antioxidant enzymes in rice CRISPR介导的OsPLDβ1磷脂酶失活通过上调胁迫相关基因和抗氧化酶增强水稻抗旱性

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111071

Sangeetha Karippadakam , V. Mohan Murali Achary , Dalia Vishnudasan , Bipin Kumar G. Nair , Hemangini Parmar , Ganesan Prakash , Malireddy K. Reddy

Membrane lipids serve as precursors for intracellular signaling molecules, with the activation of phospholipases constituting an initial step in this process. Phospholipase D, a crucial family of enzymes that hydrolyze membrane lipids, plays a pivotal role in plant responses to stress. In this study, we used gene editing to disrupt the OsPLDβ1 function in rice and evaluated its performance under drought conditions. The Ospldβ1 mutants exhibited enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, which led to reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, decreased seedling injury and mortality, and improved photosynthetic performance during drought stress. Additionally, the Ospldβ1 mutants exhibited lower levels of drought stress indicators, including lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and chlorophyll loss. The Ospldβ1 mutants showed lower ROS accumulation and better germination, and root development compared to the wild-type plants upon exposed to methyl viologen and mannitol. The expression other PLD family member genes (OsPLDα,1 OsPLDα3, OsPLDδ1, OsPLDδ2, OsPLDδ3) and stress responsive genes were upregulated in the Ospldβ1 mutant lines during the drought stress condition. This study investigated the negative function of the OsPLDβ1 gene in the drought tolerance mechanism. Deploying the Ospldβ1 allele in breeding programs may facilitate the development of climate-resilient crop cultivars to address the climate change situation.

膜脂作为细胞内信号分子的前体，磷脂酶的激活是这一过程的第一步。磷脂酶D是一个重要的水解膜脂酶家族，在植物对逆境的反应中起着关键作用。在这项研究中，我们利用基因编辑技术破坏水稻中OsPLDβ1的功能，并评估其在干旱条件下的表现。突变体Ospldβ1抗氧化酶活性增强，减少了活性氧（ROS）积累，降低了幼苗损伤和死亡率，改善了干旱胁迫下的光合性能。此外，Ospldβ1突变体表现出较低水平的干旱胁迫指标，包括脂质过氧化、电解质泄漏和叶绿素损失。与野生型植株相比，暴露于甲基紫素和甘露醇后，Ospldβ1突变体的ROS积累更低，萌发和根系发育更好。干旱胁迫下，其他PLD家族成员基因（OsPLDα、1、OsPLDα3、OsPLDδ1、OsPLDδ2、OsPLDδ3）和胁迫应答基因在Ospldβ1突变系中表达上调。本研究探讨了OsPLDβ1基因在抗旱中的负功能机制。在育种计划中部署Ospldβ1等位基因可以促进气候适应型作物品种的开发，以应对气候变化形势。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide identification of the Protein Arginine Methyltransferase (PRMT) gene family and functional exploration of GhPRMT5 in cotton 棉花蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶（PRMT）基因家族的全基因组鉴定及GhPRMT5的功能探索

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111075

Bing Jia , Pan Feng , Hongyuan Xi , Weixiao Zhao , JiKun Song , JianJiang Ma , WenFeng Pei , BingBing Zhang , Li Wang , Jie Gao , Jian Zhang , Siqi Chen , Quanjia Chen , Man Wu , JiWen Yu

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a major global oilseed crop, ranking sixth in production worldwide and fifth in China. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze arginine methylation, playing pivotal roles in DNA repair in Gossypium. However, their functions in cotton lipid metabolism remain unexplored. In this study, we identified 7, 9, 24, and 32 PRMT genes in Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into 7 distinct clades, with structural conservation suggesting functional preservation during cotton evolution. Collinearity analysis indicated segmental duplication as a major driver of PRMT family expansion. Expression profiling revealed significantly divergent expression patterns of GhPRMT5 between high-oil and low-oil cotton accessions, particularly during the critical oil accumulation phase. Heterologous expression in yeast showed that GhPRMT5 overexpression significantly increased total lipid content by 14.13 % (p < 0.05), providing direct evidence for its role in promoting lipid biosynthesis. At the same time, GhPRMT5-silenced lines also exhibited a 15.3 % reduction in cottonseed oil content, with significant alterations in fatty acid composition: saturated fatty acids (e.g., myristic acid [C14:0] and stearic acid [C18:0]) increased by 22.67 % and 26.84 %, respectively, whereas unsaturated fatty acids showed elevated oleic acid (C18:1, +20.90 %) and reduced linoleic acid (C18:2, −8.88 %) (p < 0.01).These results not only confirm the critical role of GhPRMT5 in regulating cottonseed oil accumulation but also reveal its role in modulating fatty acid composition. We are the first to report the connection between the PRMT family and lipid biosynthesis in cotton, and our findings provide novel genetic targets for improving cottonseed oil yield and nutritional quality, offering potential applications in industrial oilseed crop breeding.

棉花（Gossypium spp.）是全球主要的油料作物，产量在全球排名第六，在中国排名第五。蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶（PRMTs）催化精氨酸甲基化，在棉的DNA修复中起关键作用。然而，它们在棉花脂质代谢中的功能尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们分别在树棉、raimondii棉、barbadense棉和hirsutum棉中鉴定了7个、9个、24个和32个PRMT基因。系统发育分析将这些基因分为7个不同的分支，结构保守表明在棉花进化过程中功能保存。共线性分析表明，片段重复是PRMT家族扩展的主要驱动因素。表达谱分析显示，GhPRMT5在高油棉和低油棉的表达模式存在显著差异，尤其是在关键的成油期。在酵母中的异源表达表明，过表达GhPRMT5显著提高了14.13%的总脂质含量(p

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引用次数: 0

Arabidopsis CAP1 interacts with myosin XI-K to regulate root hair tip growth 拟南芥CAP1与肌球蛋白XI-K相互作用调节根毛尖生长

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111076

Xuedan Zhou , Wenhui Guo , Jiashun Du , Lulu Wu, Xiaonan Ma, Ling Bai

Root hair serves as a classical single-cell model system for studying polarized cellular growth. Our prior work established Calcium-Associated Protein Kinase 1 (CAP1) as an essential regulator of Arabidopsis root hair tip growth, with cap1-1 mutants display stunted and aberrant root hair. Phosphoproteomic analysis identified ‌myosin XI-Kas a putative substrate of CAP1, we here decipher the molecular mechanism underlying CAP1-XI-K interaction and the biological role of XI-K in CAP1-mediated tip growth. Through integrated approaches including yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), pull-down assays, and kinase activity profiling, we demonstrate that CAP1 specifically interacts with the cargo-binding domain (CBD) of XI-K and phosphorylates it to strengthen their physical association in vitro. Phosphorylation at Ser¹¹⁶⁸ within XI-K's CBD enhances its binding affinity for CAP1 in vitro, and phenotypic analyses confirme XI-K Ser¹¹⁶⁸ phosphorylation plays an indispensable role in sustaining tip growth. Transgenic XI-K and phosphomimetic XI-K^S1168D substantially restored root hair apical growth of cap1-1 mutants, while non-phosphorylatable XI-K^S1168A showed little rescue capacity. Moreover, complementation assays in xik-3 mutants confirmed the critical function of Ser¹¹⁶⁸ phosphorylation in tip growth, with XI-K^S1168A failing to restore wild-type resemble morphology. We demonstrate that XI-K functions as a key CAP1 effector in root hair morphogenesis, where Ser¹¹⁶⁸ phosphorylation strengthens their interaction in vitro and sustains polarized growth.

根毛是研究细胞极化生长的经典单细胞模型系统。我们之前的工作确定了钙相关蛋白激酶1 （CAP1）是拟南芥根毛尖端生长的重要调节因子，CAP1 -1突变体显示出发育不良和异常的根毛。磷酸化蛋白质组学分析确定了肌球蛋白XI-Kas可能是CAP1的底物，我们在此解读了CAP1-XI-K相互作用的分子机制以及XI-K在CAP1介导的尖端生长中的生物学作用。通过酵母双杂交（Y2H）、双分子荧光互补（BiFC）、拉下实验和激酶活性分析等综合方法，我们证明了CAP1特异性地与XI-K的cargo-binding domain （CBD）相互作用，并使其磷酸化以加强它们在体外的物理关联。在体外，XI-K的CBD中Ser1168位点的磷酸化增强了其对CAP1的结合亲和力，表型分析证实XI-K Ser1168磷酸化在维持尖端生长中起着不可或缺的作用。转殖的XI-K和拟磷的XI-KS1168D显著地恢复了cap1-1突变体的根毛顶端生长，而非磷酸化的XI-KS1168A几乎没有恢复能力。此外，对xik-3突变体的互补实验证实了Ser1168磷酸化在尖端生长中的关键作用，XI-KS1168A未能恢复野生型的相似形态。我们证明了XI-K在根毛形态发生中作为CAP1的关键效应因子，其中Ser1168磷酸化增强了它们在体外的相互作用并维持了极化生长。

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引用次数: 0

Composition and ultrastructure changes of leaf cuticle wax during the air-curing process in cigars 雪茄空气烘烤过程中叶片角质层蜡组成及超微结构的变化

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111074

Rui Yan , Aijun Li , Weili Yang , Yunkang Lei , Yanqing Qin , Zhaopeng Song

The quality of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs) is considerably influenced by color changes that occur during the air-curing process, which are mainly regulated by polyphenols and membrane lipid peroxidation. Cuticular waxes form the outermost lipid layer covering the surface of plants, and their specific responses during CTL air-curing remain unclear. This study comprehensively investigated the changes in the morphology, appearance, and chemical composition of cuticular waxes. The contents of different lipids in CTLs changed significantly during air-curing, and the contents of ceramide, hexosylceramide and fatty acids in CTLs increased significantly, and cuticular wax was an important part of plant lipids. In terms of microstructure, as the air-curing process progressed, the cuticular wax structure of the CTL collapsed and fragmented, and the volume and density of wax crystals increased. In terms of chemical composition, long-chain fatty acids and esters in fatty compounds and sterols and tocopherols in cyclic components decreased. The results showed that the cuticular wax gradually degraded during the air-curing process, and the changes in the microstructure and chemical composition of cuticular waxes corresponded to the color changes of the CTLs throughout this process. Therefore, cuticular waxes may have an indirect effect in regulating color changes during the tobacco air-curing process. These findings underscore the indirect influence of cuticular wax dynamics on CTL quality during air-curing, offering valuable insights to guide improvements in tobacco leaf processing and product refinement.

在空气烘烤过程中，雪茄烟叶的颜色变化主要受多酚类物质和膜脂过氧化作用的影响。角质层蜡质是覆盖植物表面的最外层脂质层，其在CTL空气固化过程中的具体反应尚不清楚。本研究全面研究了表皮蜡质的形态、外观和化学成分的变化。在空气固化过程中，ctl中不同脂质含量发生显著变化，神经酰胺、己糖神经酰胺和脂肪酸含量显著升高，角质层蜡是植物脂质的重要组成部分。在微观结构上，随着空气固化过程的进行，CTL的表皮蜡质结构崩塌破碎，蜡晶体体积和密度增加。从化学成分上看，脂肪化合物中的长链脂肪酸和酯，环组分中的甾醇和生育酚减少。结果表明，在空气固化过程中，表皮蜡逐渐降解，在此过程中，表皮蜡的微观结构和化学成分的变化与ctl的颜色变化相对应。因此，角质层蜡质可能间接调节烟草在空气烘烤过程中的颜色变化。这些发现强调了空气烘烤过程中角质层蜡动力学对烟叶CTL质量的间接影响，为指导烟叶加工和产品精制提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic plasticity through alternative splicing shapes salt stress responses in Korean sorghum 通过选择性剪接形成韩国高粱盐胁迫响应的转录组可塑性

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111060

Hajung Lee , Yuna Kang , Changsoo Kim

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a climate-resilient C4 crop that is widely cultivated in arid and saline-prone environments. Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects plant growth and productivity by inducing osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress. Plants have evolved various molecular mechanisms to mitigate salt stress, including alternative splicing (AS), a post-transcriptional regulatory process that generates diverse transcript isoforms. Among AS event types, intron retention (IR) is the most prevalent in plants under abiotic stress conditions. In this study, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of three sorghum cultivars—Sodamchal, Nampungchal, and Hwanggeumchal—subjected to varying salt stress conditions over different time periods. Our findings revealed that intron retention accounted for more than 70 % of AS events across all comparisons. Importantly, several of these intron retention events were associated with salt stress–responsive genes, which support the notion that intron retention may function as a regulatory mechanism contributing to salt stress tolerance. Notably, in Hwanggeumchal and Nampungchal, the trehalose-phosphate phosphatase 6 (TPP6) gene and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G family member 42 gene exhibited AS-mediated expression changes, suggesting a potential link in salt tolerance. Under normal conditions, IR led to the expression of alternative isoforms that do not increase trehalose levels or ABC transporter function, whereas salt stress promoted normal splicing, which restored the functional biosynthesis pathways of both trehalose and ABC transporter. Given the established roles of trehalose and ABC transporters in stabilizing cellular structures, mitigating osmotic stress, and maintaining ion homeostasis, our results suggest that AS-mediated regulation of these pathways contributes to sorghum's adaptive response to salinity stress. These findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of sorghum's salt tolerance and highlight the importance of AS as a regulatory mechanism for improving stress resilience in crops.

高粱（Sorghum bicolor L.）是一种气候适应性强的C4作物，广泛种植在干旱和易盐碱化的环境中。土壤盐分是一种主要的非生物胁迫，通过诱导渗透、离子和氧化胁迫对植物生长和生产力产生不利影响。植物已经进化出多种分子机制来缓解盐胁迫，包括选择性剪接（AS），这是一种产生多种转录异构体的转录后调控过程。在AS事件类型中，内含子保留（IR）在植物非生物胁迫条件下最为普遍。在这项研究中，我们对三种高粱品种（sodamchal、Nampungchal和hwang geumchal）在不同时期受到不同盐胁迫条件的转录组进行了分析。我们的研究结果显示，在所有比较中，内含子保留占AS事件的70%以上。重要的是，这些内含子保留事件中有几个与盐胁迫应答基因有关，这支持了内含子保留可能作为一种有助于盐胁迫耐受性的调节机制的观点。值得注意的是，在黄锦茶和南pungchal中，海藻糖-磷酸磷酸酶6 （TPP6）基因和atp结合盒（ABC）转运体G家族成员42基因表现出as介导的表达变化，表明它们与耐盐性有潜在的联系。在正常条件下，IR导致不增加海藻糖水平或ABC转运蛋白功能的替代异构体的表达，而盐胁迫促进了正常剪接，从而恢复了海藻糖和ABC转运蛋白的功能性生物合成途径。鉴于海藻糖和ABC转运体在稳定细胞结构、减轻渗透胁迫和维持离子稳态方面的作用，我们的研究结果表明，as介导的这些途径的调节有助于高粱对盐胁迫的适应性反应。这些发现为高粱耐盐性的分子基础提供了新的见解，并突出了AS作为提高作物抗逆性的调控机制的重要性。

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引用次数: 0