Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献_第10页

OsCNGC7 modulates calcium dynamics and accelerates leaf senescence in rice OsCNGC7 调节钙动力学并加速水稻叶片衰老

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109193

Jun Chang , Ruxuan Zhang , Zhanmeng Fu , Yifan Wang , Jianhui Lei , Junyi Cheng , Caihui Ren , Kunpeng Xu , Chengzhen Gu , Yuanyuan Song , Rensen Zeng , Yuan Qin , Huiying Zhang , Jian Liu

Calcium plays a crucial role in regulating plant senescence. However, the specific effects of increased intranuclear calcium versus cytoplasmic calcium on aging remain unclear. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), which manage Ca²⁺ levels in plant cells, are particularly significant in this context. These channels are known to relocate between the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane in response to stress and developmental signals. Through this movement, CNGCs help regulate the balance of cytosolic and intranuclear Ca²⁺. In this study, we categorized the 16 CNGC genes in rice into five subgroups. OsCNGCs are notably expressed in leaves, especially during the reproductive stage. Both OsCNGC6 and OsCNGC7 exhibit dual localization to the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. Knockdown of OsCNGC7 led to reduced levels of Ca²⁺ and K⁺ in plants. Conversely, yeast expressing the OsCNGC7 gene showed increased sensitivity to Ca²⁺. Additionally, while the [Ca²⁺]_cyt was maintained at relatively low levels in both wild-type and OsCNGC7-RNAi lines, the fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in OsCNGC7-overexpressing lines, particularly in the nucleus of root tips. Overexpression of OsCNGC7 resulted in enhanced stomatal opening and accelerated leaf senescence from the tillering stage to grain filling in rice. Treatment with MeJA rapidly induced OsCNGC7 expression, while knockdown of OsCNGC7 delayed both MeJA-induced and dark-induced leaf senescence. Further analysis revealed that OsCNGC7 interacts with OsKAT2 and OsALMT2. In conclusion, our findings highlight the distinct roles of OsCNGCs in regulating senescence. This knowledge could provide new strategies for manipulating plant senescence and enhancing crop productivity.

钙在调节植物衰老中起着至关重要的作用。然而，核内钙和细胞质钙的增加对衰老的具体影响仍不清楚。环核苷酸门控通道（CNGCs）可管理植物细胞中的钙离子浓度，在这方面的作用尤为重要。众所周知，这些通道会随着压力和发育信号在核膜和质膜之间迁移。通过这种移动，CNGCs 有助于调节细胞膜和核内 Ca2⁺的平衡。在这项研究中，我们将水稻中的 16 个 CNGC 基因分为五个亚组。OsCNGCs 主要在叶片中表达，尤其是在生殖期。OsCNGC6 和 OsCNGC7 都表现出在质膜和核包膜上的双重定位。敲除 OsCNGC7 会导致植物体内 Ca2⁺和 K⁺ 的水平降低。相反，表达 OsCNGC7 基因的酵母对 Ca2⁺ 的敏感性增加。此外，虽然野生型和 OsCNGC7-RNAi 株系的[Ca2⁺]cyt 都维持在相对较低的水平，但 OsCNGC7 基因过表达株系的荧光强度明显更高，尤其是在根尖的细胞核中。OsCNGC7的过表达导致水稻从分蘖期到籽粒灌浆期气孔开放增强，叶片衰老加速。用 MeJA 处理可快速诱导 OsCNGC7 的表达，而敲除 OsCNGC7 则可延迟 MeJA 诱导的叶片衰老和黑暗诱导的叶片衰老。进一步分析发现，OsCNGC7 与 OsKAT2 和 OsALMT2 相互作用。总之，我们的研究结果突显了 OsCNGCs 在调控衰老中的不同作用。这些知识可为控制植物衰老和提高作物产量提供新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and functional characterization of the diterpene synthase family in Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.中二萜合成酶家族的鉴定和功能表征

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109190

Yiqiong Chen , Yumin Lin , Yingying Qiu , Wanying Li , Yanting Shen , Lili Huang

Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (Patchouli) is an aromatic herb extensively used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Sesquiterpenes are the characteristic constitutes in patchouli which are synthesized in the glandular trichomes on leaves and stems. Gibberellic acid (GA), a tetracyclic diterpenoid, plays a crucial role in the formation of glandular trichome. However, the diterpene biosynthesis remains largely unknown in patchouli. Here we identified a small diterpene synthases (diTPSs) family comprising three class II diTPSs (PatCPS1-3) and three class I diTPSs (PatKSL1 and PatGLS1-2). These diTPSs are functionally characterized using a yeast heterologous expression system. PatCPS1 was identified as an ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (ent-CPS), in combination with PatKSL1, yield ent-kaurene, the precursor of GA, indicating their involvement in primary metabolism. PatCPS2 converted GGPP into (+)-8, 13-copalyl diphosphate (CPP). No activity was detected for PatCPS3, PatGLS1 and PatGLS2. Three ohnologs of PatCPS1 were further characterized to explore the possible functional differentiation of ent-CPS during the evolution of tetraploid hybrid patchouli genome. GC-MS analysis showed all ohnologs are functional ent-CPSs, demonstrating the functional conservation of PatCPS1 during evolution. Expression profiling by qRT-PCR showed PatCPS1 and PatKSL1 are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, consistent with their involvement in primary metabolism. Conversely, PatCPS2 and PatCPS3 were predominantly expressed in the above ground parts, indicating a role in specialized metabolism. In summary, these findings clarify the early stages of GA biosynthesis in patchouli and provide gene elements for further metabolic engineering of sesquiterpenes via diterpenoids.

Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth（广藿香）是一种芳香草本植物，广泛用于制药和化妆品行业。倍半萜是广藿香的特征成分，由叶和茎上的腺毛合成。赤霉素（GA）是一种四环二萜类化合物，在腺毛的形成过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而，广藿香中的二萜生物合成在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里，我们发现了一个小型二萜合成酶（diTPSs）家族，包括三个 II 类 diTPSs（PatCPS1-3）和三个 I 类 diTPSs（PatKSL1 和 PatGLS1-2）。利用酵母异源表达系统对这些 diTPSs 进行了功能鉴定。PatCPS1 被鉴定为ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase（ent-CPS），与 PatKSL1 结合产生 GA 的前体 ent-kaurene，表明它们参与了初级代谢。PatCPS2 将 GGPP 转化为 (+)-8，13-醛基二磷酸（CPP）。没有检测到 PatCPS3、PatGLS1 和 PatGLS2 的活性。为了探索四倍体杂交广藿香基因组进化过程中 ent-CPS 的可能功能分化，对 PatCPS1 的三个同源物进行了进一步鉴定。GC-MS 分析表明，所有的外源基因都是功能性的 ent-CPS，证明了 PatCPS1 在进化过程中的功能保护。通过 qRT-PCR 进行的表达谱分析显示，PatCPS1 和 PatKSL1 在所有组织中普遍表达，这与它们参与初级代谢的情况一致。相反，PatCPS2 和 PatCPS3 主要在地上部分表达，表明它们在特化代谢中发挥作用。总之，这些发现澄清了广藿香中 GA 生物合成的早期阶段，并为进一步通过二萜进行倍半萜类化合物的代谢工程提供了基因元素。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SlKFB gene family (Solanum lycopersicum) and the molecular mechanism of SlKFB16 and SlKFB34 under drought SlKFB基因家族（Solanum lycopersicum）的全基因组鉴定和表达分析以及SlKFB16和SlKFB34在干旱条件下的分子机制

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109192

Lei Yu , Xiaoyu Guan , Fanyue Meng , Fulei Mo , Rui Lv , Zhen Ding , Peiwen Wang , Xiuling Chen , Mozhen Cheng , Aoxue Wang

Environmental stress significantly affects plant growth and productivity. The effects of drought stress on plants are reflected primarily in enzyme activity, membrane systems, and cell-water loss. Here, the Kelch repeat F-box (KFB) protein family in tomato was systematically identified and analysed. Using bioinformatics, we identified 37 SlKFB family members in the tomato genome and analysed their protein structure, phylogenetic relationships, chromosome distribution, and expression under drought or biotic-stress conditions. Transcriptome data revealed that SlKFB members exhibit differential responses to drought stress, with significant differences in SlKFB16 and SlKFB34 expression. Functional analysis revealed that SlKFB16 functions in the cytoplasm and SlKFB34 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Under drought stress, SlKFB16 and SlKFB34-silencing significantly reduced reactive oxygen species scavenging and resistance to drought stress. These findings provide a reference for further studies of the mechanisms of SlKFB16 and SlKFB34 in drought stress in tomato as well as a foundation for enhancing their resistance to drought stress.

环境胁迫会严重影响植物的生长和生产力。干旱胁迫对植物的影响主要体现在酶活性、膜系统和细胞失水等方面。在此，我们对番茄中的 Kelch 重复 F-box （KFB）蛋白家族进行了系统鉴定和分析。利用生物信息学方法，我们鉴定了番茄基因组中的 37 个 SlKFB 家族成员，并分析了它们的蛋白质结构、系统发育关系、染色体分布以及在干旱或生物胁迫条件下的表达情况。转录组数据显示，SlKFB家族成员对干旱胁迫表现出不同的反应，其中SlKFB16和SlKFB34的表达存在显著差异。功能分析显示，SlKFB16在细胞质中发挥作用，SlKFB34在细胞核和细胞质中发挥作用。在干旱胁迫下，SlKFB16和SlKFB34的沉默会显著降低活性氧清除能力和对干旱胁迫的抗性。这些发现为进一步研究SlKFB16和SlKFB34在番茄干旱胁迫中的作用机制提供了参考，也为增强其对干旱胁迫的抗性奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Combined transcriptome and physiological analysis reveals exogenous sucrose enhances photosynthesis and source capacity in foxtail millet 转录组和生理分析相结合揭示外源蔗糖可提高狐尾黍的光合作用和源能力

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109189

Mengmeng Sun , Yongchao Li , Yunhao Chen , Dan-Ying Chen , Haiyu Wang , Jianhong Ren , Meijun Guo , Shuqi Dong , Xiaorui Li , Guanghui Yang , Lulu Gao , Xiaoqian Chu , Jia-Gang Wang , Xiangyang Yuan

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is an environmentally friendly crop that meets the current requirements of international food security and is widely accepted as a photosynthesis research model. However, whether exogenous sucrose treatment has a positive effect on foxtail millet growth remains unknown. Here, we employed physiological and molecular approaches to identify photosynthesis and source capacity associated with exogenous sucrose during the growth of Jingu 21 seedlings. RNA-seq analysis showed that some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to photosynthesis and carotenoid biosynthesis were induced by exogenous sucrose and that most of these genes were up-regulated. An increase in gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence of Jingu 21 was noted after exogenous sucrose addition. Furthermore, exogenous sucrose up-regulated genes encoding sucrose and hexose transporters and enhanced starch and sucrose metabolism. More DEGs were up-regulated by sucrose, the nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content in the leaves increased and energy metabolism and sucrose loading subsequently improved, ultimately enhancing photosynthesis under normal and dark conditions. Further analysis revealed that WRKYs, ERFs, HY5, RAP2, and ABI5 could be key transcription factors involved in growth regulation. These results indicate that exogenous sucrose affects the normal photosynthetic performance of foxtail millet by increasing NSC transport and loading. They improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the effects of exogenous sucrose on photosynthesis in foxtail millet, providing an effective measure to enhance source–sink relationships and improve yield.

狐尾黍（Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.）是一种符合当前国际粮食安全要求的环境友好型作物，被广泛接受为光合作用研究模型。然而，外源蔗糖处理是否会对狐尾粟的生长产生积极影响仍是未知数。在此，我们采用生理和分子方法鉴定了金谷21号幼苗生长过程中与外源蔗糖相关的光合作用和源能力。RNA-seq分析表明，外源蔗糖诱导了一些与光合作用和类胡萝卜素生物合成相关的差异表达基因（DEGs），而且这些基因中的大多数都被上调。添加外源蔗糖后，金谷 21 号的气体交换参数、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光均有所增加。此外，外源蔗糖还上调了编码蔗糖和己糖转运体的基因，促进了淀粉和蔗糖的新陈代谢。蔗糖上调了更多的 DEGs，叶片中的非结构碳水化合物（NSC）含量增加，能量代谢和蔗糖负荷随之改善，最终提高了正常和黑暗条件下的光合作用。进一步分析发现，WRKYs、ERFs、HY5、RAP2 和 ABI5 可能是参与生长调控的关键转录因子。这些结果表明，外源蔗糖通过增加 NSC 的运输和负载影响狐尾粟的正常光合作用。这些结果加深了我们对外源蔗糖影响狐尾粟光合作用的分子机制的理解，为改善源-汇关系和提高产量提供了有效措施。

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引用次数: 0

Genome wide analysis of HMA gene family in Hydrangea macrophylla and characterization of HmHMA2 in response to aluminum stress 大绣球花 HMA 基因家族的全基因组分析及 HmHMA2 对铝胁迫的响应特征

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109182

Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad , Shuangshuang Chen , Xiangyu Qi , Jing Feng , Huijie Chen , Xintong Liu , Ming Sun , Yanming Deng

Aluminum toxicity poses a significant threat to plant growth, especially in acidic soils. Heavy metal ATPases (HMAs) are crucial for transporting heavy metal ions across plant cell membranes, yet their role in Al³⁺ transport remains unexplored. This study identified eight HmHMA genes in the genome of Hydrangea macrophylla, categorizing them into two major clades based on phylogenetic relationships. These genes were found unevenly distributed across six chromosomes. Detailed analysis of their physicochemical properties, collinearity, and gene structure was conducted. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that specific HmHMA genes, notably HmHMA2, were predominantly expressed in roots and flowers under Al³⁺ stress, indicating their potential role in Al³⁺ tolerance. HmHMA2 showed significant expression in roots, especially under Al³⁺ stress conditions, and when expressed in yeast cells, it conferred resistance to aluminum and zinc but increased sensitivity to cadmium. Overexpression of HmHMA2 in hydrangea leaf discs significantly improved Al³⁺ tolerance, reduced oxidative stress markers like hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity such as SOD, POD and CAT compared to controls. These findings shed lights on the potential role of HmHMAs in Al transport and tolerance in H. macrophylla.

铝毒性对植物生长构成严重威胁，尤其是在酸性土壤中。重金属 ATP 酶（HMAs）是重金属离子跨植物细胞膜转运的关键，但它们在 Al3+ 转运中的作用仍未得到探索。本研究在大绣球花的基因组中发现了 8 个 HmHMA 基因，并根据系统发育关系将其分为两大支系。这些基因不均匀地分布在六条染色体上。研究人员对这些基因的理化性质、共线性和基因结构进行了详细分析。RNA-seq 和 qRT-PCR 分析表明，特定的 HmHMA 基因，特别是 HmHMA2，在 Al3+ 胁迫下主要在根和花中表达，这表明它们在耐受 Al3+ 的过程中可能发挥作用。HmHMA2在根中有显著表达，尤其是在Al3+胁迫条件下，当它在酵母细胞中表达时，可赋予酵母细胞对铝和锌的抗性，但增加了对镉的敏感性。与对照组相比，HmHMA2 在绣球花叶片中的过表达显著提高了对 Al3+ 的耐受性，降低了过氧化氢和丙二醛等氧化应激标记物，并增强了 SOD、POD 和 CAT 等抗氧化酶的活性。这些发现揭示了 HmHMAs 在大叶黄杨的铝迁移和耐受性中的潜在作用。

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引用次数: 0

Advantages of compost tea: Promotion of nitrogen influx into the fruit and improvement of fruit nitrogen metabolism in tomato 堆肥茶的优点：促进番茄果实的氮流入，改善果实的氮代谢

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109184

Wenxin Li , Yuxin Liu , Xinru Chai , Jiaxing He , Chang Liu , Jianming Li

The use of compost tea is important to improve food safety. However, the effect of compost tea on N uptake and partitioning in tomato is unclear. In this study, we measured temporal and spatial changes in nitrogen content, enzyme activities, and expression levels of nitrogen transporters genes in different organs of tomato treated with five nutrient solutions. The results showed that the expression levels of ammonium transporter protein genes (AMT1s) increased and that of a nitrogen transporters gene (NRT2.1) decreased under treatment with compost tea, which promoted NH₄⁺ transport to the fruit and reduced nutrient wastage compared with the response to chemical fertilizers. In addition, the lowermost leaves on the stem showed reduced nitrate content, faster metabolism, and decreased chlorophyll a content, but fruit yield was not increased, in compost tea-treated plants. These changes were dependent on the expression level of the glutamine synthetase gene (GS1.1), which was increased in leaves and decreased in fruit. Compost tea influenced the expression of critical genes in the fruits and leaves, and improved the competitiveness of sexual reproductive growth as a sink for nitrogen. However, the benefits of compost tea were reduced when it was mixed chemical fertilizers. This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimization of organic vegetable cultivation and promoting the widespread production of organic crops.

使用堆肥茶对提高食品安全非常重要。然而，堆肥茶对番茄氮吸收和分配的影响尚不清楚。本研究测定了用五种营养液处理的番茄不同器官中氮含量、酶活性和氮转运体基因表达水平的时空变化。结果表明，与施用化肥相比，在堆肥茶处理下，铵转运蛋白基因（AMT1s）的表达水平升高，氮转运体基因（NRT2.1）的表达水平降低，促进了NH4+向果实的转运，减少了养分的浪费。此外，经堆肥茶处理的植株，茎最下部叶片的硝酸盐含量降低，新陈代谢加快，叶绿素 a 含量减少，但果实产量没有增加。这些变化取决于谷氨酰胺合成酶基因（GS1.1）的表达水平，该基因在叶片中的表达量增加，而在果实中的表达量减少。堆肥茶影响了果实和叶片中关键基因的表达，提高了有性生殖生长作为氮汇的竞争力。然而，当堆肥茶与化肥混合使用时，堆肥茶的效益就会降低。这项研究为优化有机蔬菜栽培和促进有机作物的广泛生产建立了理论框架。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of temperature on morphology, physiology, and metabolic profile of diazotrophic cyanobacteria inhabiting diverse habitats 温度对栖息于不同生境的重氮蓝藻的形态、生理和代谢特征的影响。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109186

Nasreen Amin, Megha Jaiswal, Vinod K. Kannaujiya

Global population expansion has increased the demand for food supply and agricultural productivity. Abiotic stressors like temperature have significantly restricted agriculture in cropland and jeopardized food security. Cyanobacteria play a crucial role in fostering sustainable agriculture and ensuring global food security. In the present study, we have assessed the effect of temperatures on diazotrophic free living rice-field and hot-spring cyanobacteria. They were treated to a variable range of temperatures to see the changes in cellular morphology, physiology, and biochemical characteristics. The rise of temperatures induces growth (60 %), total protein (54 %) contents of rice-field cyanobacterium until 25 °C, further treatment results in decline (20 %) at 45 °C. However, growth indices were increased till 35 °C (90 %) in hot-spring cyanobacterium and further treatment did not exhibit a significant decline in the same. However, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were higher in rice-field (2.8 and 1.7 fold) as compared to hot-spring cyanobacterium (2.2 and 1.6 fold). In response to temperature, enzymatic antioxidant contents were much higher in hot-spring as compared to rice-field cyanobacterium. Similarly, carotenoid and carbohydrate content was also higher in hot spring (2 fold) as compared to rice-field cyanobacterium (1.5 and 1.2 fold). All these data collectively suggest that hot-spring (Nostoc sp. strain VKB02) has a higher thermoprotective capacity with novel defense mechanisms as compared to rice-field cyanobacterium (Anabaena sp. strain VKB01). These findings contributed to a better understanding of the temperature stress, improvement of agricultural productivity and future welfare of green ecosystems.

全球人口膨胀增加了对粮食供应和农业生产力的需求。温度等非生物压力大大限制了耕地农业的发展，危及粮食安全。蓝藻在促进可持续农业和确保全球粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在本研究中，我们评估了温度对重氮自由活体稻田蓝藻和温泉蓝藻的影响。在不同的温度范围内对它们进行处理，以观察细胞形态、生理和生化特征的变化。温度升高可促进稻田蓝藻的生长（60%）和总蛋白含量（54%），直至 25 °C；温度升高到 45 °C，生长指数下降（20%）。然而，温泉蓝藻的生长指数在 35 ℃ 前有所上升（90%），进一步处理后也没有出现明显下降。然而，与热泉蓝藻（2.2 倍和 1.6 倍）相比，稻田蓝藻产生的活性氧（ROS）和脂质过氧化（LPO）更高（2.8 倍和 1.7 倍）。与稻田蓝藻相比，热泉蓝藻的酶抗氧化剂含量对温度的反应要高得多。同样，与稻田蓝藻（1.5 倍和 1.2 倍）相比，温泉蓝藻的类胡萝卜素和碳水化合物含量也更高（2 倍）。所有这些数据共同表明，与稻田蓝藻（Anabaena sp.菌株 VKB01）相比，温泉蓝藻（Nostoc sp.菌株 VKB02）具有更高的热保护能力和新型防御机制。这些发现有助于更好地理解温度胁迫，提高农业生产力和绿色生态系统的未来福祉。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation mechanism of exogenous nitric oxide on phenanthrene uptake by ryegrass roots 外源一氧化氮对黑麦草根系吸收菲的调节机制

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109185

Chenghao Huang, Fei Huang, Xuke Wang, Dongru Wang, Jiawei Wang, Xinhua Zhan

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a category of persistent organic contaminants that possess the potential to induce carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic consequences. Our previous findings have revealed that plant roots actively take up PAHs through co-transport with protons, and auxin can promote PAHs uptake by wheat roots. It remains unclear whether nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule involved in numerous physiological processes in plants and downstream of auxin, can affect PAHs uptake by plant roots. In our study, 50 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly enhanced phenanthrene uptake after 4 h of exposure. After the addition of SNP (50 μmol/L), the H⁺ flux on root surface increased, and H⁺-ATPase activity was activated, indicating that exogenous NO promotes phenanthrene uptake by plant roots via activating H⁺-ATPase. By studying the effects of 50 μmol/L cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), 5 mmol/L Ca²⁺, and 50 μmol/L adenosine monophosphate (AMP) on phenanthrene uptake by ryegrass roots and measuring root calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) activity, we demonstrated that exogenous NO promotes phenanthrene uptake through the signaling pathway of NO, cGMP, Ca²⁺, CDPK, 14-3-3 protein and H⁺-ATPase. The results contribute significant insights into elucidating the underlying mechanisms of NO modulating PAHs absorption by plant roots, thereby offering crucial strategies for advancing food safety measures and enhancing the phytoremediation potential of soils and waters contaminated with PAHs.

多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类具有致癌、致畸和致突变潜力的持久性有机污染物。我们之前的研究结果表明，植物根系通过与质子的共转运主动吸收多环芳烃，而辅酶能促进小麦根系吸收多环芳烃。一氧化氮（NO）是参与植物许多生理过程的信号分子，也是辅助素的下游，它是否会影响植物根系对 PAHs 的吸收，目前仍不清楚。在我们的研究中，50 μmol/L 硝普钠（SNP）能显著提高暴露 4 小时后菲的吸收。加入 SNP（50 μmol/L）后，根表面的 H+ 通量增加，H+-ATP 酶活性被激活，表明外源 NO 通过激活 H+-ATP 酶促进植物根系对菲的吸收。通过研究 50 μmol/L 环鸟苷单磷酸（cGMP）、5 mmol/L Ca2+和 50 μmol/L 腺苷单磷酸（AMP）对黑麦草根吸收菲的影响，并测定根的钙依赖性蛋白激酶（CDPK）活性、结果表明，外源 NO 通过 NO、cGMP、Ca2+、CDPK、14-3-3 蛋白和 H+-ATP 酶的信号途径促进菲的吸收。这些结果为阐明氮氧化物调节植物根系吸收多环芳烃的内在机制提供了重要见解，从而为推进食品安全措施和提高受多环芳烃污染的土壤和水体的植物修复潜力提供了重要策略。

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引用次数: 0

Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase 1 is a negative regulator of drought tolerance in barley via modulating lignin biosynthesis and stomatal closure 木聚糖内转糖基酶-水解酶1是大麦耐旱性的负调控因子，它通过调节木质素的生物合成和气孔关闭来提高大麦的耐旱性。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109171

Man-Man Fu , Fangbin Cao , Cheng-Wei Qiu , Chen Liu , Tao Tong , Xue Feng , Shengguan Cai , Zhong-Hua Chen , Feibo Wu

The projected increase in drought severity and duration worldwide poses a significant threat to crop growth and sustainable food production. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) family is essential in cell wall modification through the construction and restructuring of xyloglucan cross-links, but their role in drought tolerance and stomatal regulation is still illusive. We cloned and functionally characterized HvXTH1 using genetic, physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches in barley. Evolutionary bioinformatics showed that orthologues of XTH1 was originated from Streptophyte algae (e.g. some species in the Zygnematales) the closest clade to land plants based on OneKP database. HvXTH1 is highly expressed in leaves and HvXTH1 is localized to the plasma membrane. Under drought conditions, silencing HvXTH1 in drought-tolerant Tibetan wild barley XZ5 induced a significant reduction in water loss rate and increase in biomass, however overexpressing HvXTH1 exhibited drought sensitivity with significantly less drought-responsive stomata, lower lignin content and a thicker cell wall. Transcriptome profile of the wild type Golden Promise and HvXTH1-OX demonstrated that drought-induced differentially expressed genes in leaves are related to cell wall biosynthesis, abscisic acid and stomatal signaling, and stress response. Furthermore, overexpressing HvXTH1 suppressed both genes and metabolites in the phenylpropanoid pathway for lignin biosynthesis, leading to drought sensitivity of HvXTH1-OX. We provide new insight by deciphering the function of a novel protein HvXTH1 for drought tolerance in cell wall modification, stomatal regulation, and phenylpropanoid pathway for lignin biosynthesis in barley. The function of HvXTH1 in drought response will be beneficial to develop crop varieties adapted to drought.

全球干旱的严重程度和持续时间预计会增加，这对作物生长和可持续粮食生产构成了重大威胁。木聚糖内转糖基酶/水解酶（XTHs）家族通过构建和重组木聚糖交联在细胞壁修饰中起着至关重要的作用，但它们在耐旱性和气孔调控中的作用仍不明确。我们利用遗传、生理、生化、转录组学和代谢组学方法克隆了大麦中的 HvXTH1，并对其进行了功能表征。生物信息学进化研究表明，根据 OneKP 数据库，XTH1 的直向同源物起源于链格藻（如 Zygnematales 中的一些物种），而链格藻是与陆地植物最接近的支系。HvXTH1 在叶片中高表达，并且定位于质膜。在干旱条件下，对耐旱的西藏野生青稞XZ5沉默HvXTH1可显著降低失水率并增加生物量，而过表达HvXTH1则表现出对干旱的敏感性，对干旱反应的气孔显著减少，木质素含量降低，细胞壁变厚。野生型 Golden Promise 和 HvXTH1-OX 的转录组图谱表明，干旱诱导的叶片差异表达基因与细胞壁生物合成、脱落酸和气孔信号转导以及胁迫响应有关。此外，过表达 HvXTH1 会抑制木质素生物合成的苯丙酮途径中的基因和代谢产物，从而导致 HvXTH1-OX 对干旱的敏感性。我们通过破译新型蛋白质 HvXTH1 在大麦细胞壁修饰、气孔调控和木质素生物合成的苯丙酮途径中的抗旱功能，提供了新的见解。HvXTH1在干旱响应中的功能将有利于培育适应干旱的作物品种。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive studies of the serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) gene family in Carya cathayensis revealed the roles of SCPL4 in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) synthesis and drought tolerance 对 Carya cathayensis 中丝氨酸羧肽酶样（SCPL）基因家族的综合研究发现，SCPL4 在表没食子儿茶素-3-棓酸盐（EGCG）合成和抗旱性中发挥作用。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109183

Minghao Cao , Ziyue Zhang , Huangpeng Hu , Yuanpeng Wu , Tengjie He , Chunying Huang , Ketao Wang , Qixiang Zhang , Min Cao , Jianqin Huang , Yan Li

Hickory (Carya cathayensis) nuts are rich in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with multiple health functions. EGCG also regulates plant growth, development and stress responses. However, research on the synthesis mechanism of EGCG and its function in hickory is currently limited. Herein, 44 serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) members were identified from the hickory genome and classified into three major categories: SCPL-I, SCPL-II, and SCPL-III. In the CcSCPLs-IA branch, CcSCPL3/4/5/8/9/11/13 showed differential expression patterns in various tissues, especially with relatively high expression levels in plant roots, female flowers and seed coat. These proteins have a catalytic triad composed of serine (Ser), aspartic acid (Asp) and histidine (His). Ser-His in the triad and arginine (Arg) mediated the docking of CcSCPL3/4/5/11 with 1-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (βG) and epigallocatechin (EGC), whereas the Asp of the triad did not. CcSCPL4 was further confirmed to promote the synthesis of EGCG in tobacco leaves. CcSCPL4 may function as monomer and be mainly localized within cellular structures outside the nucleus. Notably, the expression level of CcSCPL4 significantly changed after drought, cold, and salt stress, with the highest expression level under drought stress. Meanwhile CcSCPL4 over-expression could enhance the drought resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis. This study elucidates key enzymes for EGCG synthesis and their role in drought resistance, providing insights into the EGCG synthesis pathway and molecular breeding of hickory in future.

山核桃（Carya cathayensis）坚果富含表没食子儿茶素-3-棓酸盐（EGCG），具有多种保健功能。EGCG 还能调节植物的生长、发育和应激反应。然而，目前对山核桃中 EGCG 的合成机制及其功能的研究还很有限。本文从山核桃基因组中鉴定出 44 个丝氨酸羧肽酶样（SCPL）成员，并将其分为三大类：SCPL-I、SCPL-II 和 SCPL-III。在 CcSCPLs-IA 分支中，CcSCPL3/4/5/8/9/11/13 在不同组织中表现出不同的表达模式，尤其是在植物根、雌花和种皮中的表达水平相对较高。这些蛋白具有由丝氨酸（Ser）、天冬氨酸（Asp）和组氨酸（His）组成的催化三元组。三元组中的丝氨酸-组氨酸（Ser-His）和精氨酸（Arg）介导了 CcSCPL3/4/5/11 与 1-O-galloyl-β-d-葡萄糖（βG）和表没食子儿茶素（EGC）的对接，而三元组中的天冬氨酸（Asp）则没有介导对接。研究进一步证实，CcSCPL4 能促进烟草叶片中 EGCG 的合成。CcSCPL4 可能以单体形式发挥作用，主要定位于细胞核外的细胞结构中。值得注意的是，CcSCPL4的表达水平在干旱、寒冷和盐胁迫后发生了显著变化，其中干旱胁迫下的表达水平最高。同时，CcSCPL4的过度表达能增强酿酒酵母和拟南芥的抗旱性。本研究阐明了EGCG合成的关键酶及其在抗旱中的作用，为今后山核桃EGCG合成途径和分子育种提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0