Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献_第9页

Chronic mild cadmium exposure increases the vulnerability of tomato plants to dehydration 长期轻度接触镉会使番茄植株更容易脱水。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109200

Douaa Bekkai , Maria T. Chiofalo , Daniele Torre , Stefano Mileto , Giuseppa Genovese , Francesco Cimino , Giovanni Toscano , Daniela Iannazzo , Patrizia Trifilò

Heavy metal contamination increases plant susceptibility to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the comprehensive impact of heavy metal pollution on plant hydraulics, which is crucial for plant productivity, and the interaction between heavy metal stress and environmental factors on plant health are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of cadmium exposure on plant-water relations and hydraulics of Solanum lycopersicum L., cultivar Piccadilly. Particular attention was given to leaf hydraulic conductance (K_L) in response to cadmium pollution and dehydration.

Cadmium exposure exhibited negligible impacts on tomato productivity but resulted in significant differences in pressure-volume derived traits. Leaves and roots of Cd-treated plants showed reduced wall stiffness compared to control samples. However, Cd-treated leaves had a less negative turgor loss point (Ψ_tlp), whereas Cd-treated roots exhibited more negative Ψ_tlp values due to lower osmotic potential at full turgor compared to control samples.

Leaves and root cells of Cd-treated plants showed higher values of saturated water content compared to control plants, along with a distinct mineral profile between the two experimental groups. Despite similar leaf water potential thresholds for 50% and 80% loss of K_L in control and cadmium-treated leaves, plants grown in cadmium-polluted soil showed higher leaf cell damages even under well watered conditions. This, in turn, affected the plant ability to recover from drought upon rehydration by compromising cell rehydration ability.

Overall, the present findings suggest that under conditions of low water availability, cadmium pollution increases the risk of leaf hydraulic failure.

重金属污染会增加植物对生物和非生物胁迫的易感性。然而，重金属污染对植物水力学（对植物生产力至关重要）的综合影响，以及重金属胁迫与环境因素之间对植物健康的交互作用尚未完全清楚。在本研究中，我们研究了镉暴露对栽培品种皮卡迪利（Piccadilly）番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）植物水关系和水力学的影响。我们特别关注了叶片水力传导（KL）对镉污染和脱水的反应。镉暴露对番茄产量的影响可以忽略不计，但却导致压力-体积衍生性状的显著差异。与对照样本相比，镉处理过的植株的叶片和根部显示出壁刚度降低。然而，与对照样品相比，镉处理过的叶片的负张力损失点（Ψtlp）较小，而镉处理过的根部由于在充分张力时渗透势较低，因此负Ψtlp 值较大。与对照组相比，镉处理过的植物的叶片和根细胞显示出更高的饱和含水量，同时两个实验组的矿物质含量也截然不同。尽管对照组和镉处理组的叶片在 50%和 80% KL 损失时的叶片水势阈值相似，但在镉污染土壤中生长的植物即使在浇水充足的条件下，叶片细胞受损程度也更高。这反过来又通过损害细胞的补水能力，影响了植物从干旱中恢复过来的能力。总之，本研究结果表明，在水分供应不足的条件下，镉污染会增加叶片水力衰竭的风险。

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引用次数: 0

SlMKK4 is responsible for pollen development in tomato SlMKK4 负责番茄的花粉发育

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109201

Lifei Chen , Leiqing Chen , Hong Zhang , Chaoyue Xi , Yulin Fang , Yiru Lai , Changtian Pan , Gang Lu , Yunkun Wu

The development of viable pollen is a determinant of male fertility and plays an essential role in the reproductive process of angiosperms. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades modulate diverse aspects of plant growth, but their involvement in post-meiotic pollen development is unclear. In this study, SlMKK4 was identified as a crucial regulator in overseeing pollen development in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Utilizing CRISPR-associated protein 9 to disrupt SlMKK4 resulted in an obvious decrease in pollen viability. The results of cell biology and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that SlMKK4 specifically regulates auxin and sugar metabolism as well as signal transduction during post-meiotic pollen development. This is supported by the finding that protein–protein interaction assays and in vitro phosphorylation assays indicate that SlMKK4 serves as the upstream MAPKK for SlMPK20, which exhibits a distinct function in regulating the uninucleate (UN) to binucleate (BN) transition during microgametogenesis in tomatoes. Moreover, pollen from transgenic plants experienced significant arrest predominantly at the BN stage, accompanied by subcellular abnormalities manifesting during the late UN microspore phase. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses indicated that SlMKK4 knockout remarkably downregulated the expression of numerous genes regulating auxin and sugar metabolism as well as signal transduction in anthers. Therefore, our findings suggest that SlMKK4 may serve as one of the upstream SlMAPKKs of SlMPK20 and also play a pivotal role in modulating post-meiotic pollen development in tomato plants.

有活力花粉的发育是雄性繁殖力的决定因素，在被子植物的繁殖过程中起着至关重要的作用。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联调节植物生长的多个方面，但它们在减数分裂后花粉发育中的参与还不清楚。本研究发现，SlMKK4 是监督番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）花粉发育的关键调节因子。利用 CRISPR 相关蛋白 9 破坏 SlMKK4 会导致花粉活力明显下降。细胞生物学和转录组分析结果表明，SlMKK4 在减数分裂后的花粉发育过程中专门调节辅助素和糖代谢以及信号转导。蛋白-蛋白相互作用分析和体外磷酸化分析表明，SlMKK4 是 SlMPK20 的上游 MAPKK，而 SlMPK20 在西红柿小孢子发生过程中具有调节无核（UN）到双核（BN）转变的独特功能。此外，转基因植株的花粉主要在 BN 阶段出现明显停滞，并在 UN 小孢子晚期出现亚细胞异常。此外，转录组分析表明，SlMKK4 基因敲除显著下调了花药中调节辅酶和糖代谢以及信号转导的许多基因的表达。因此，我们的研究结果表明，SlMKK4可能是SlMPK20的上游SlMAPKK之一，并在调控番茄植物减数分裂后花粉发育过程中发挥着关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating plasma activated water as a sustainable treatment for improving growth and nutrient uptake in maize and pea plant 研究等离子体活化水作为一种可持续的处理方法，用于改善玉米和豌豆的生长和养分吸收。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109203

Roshani Dahal , Oat Bahadur Dhakal , Tirtha Raj Acharya , Prajwal Lamichhane , Sandhya Gautam , Roshan Chalise , Neha Kaushik , Eun Ha Choi , Nagendra Kumar Kaushik

In this study, an atmospheric pressure air plasma jet (APAPJ) was employed to generate plasma-activated water (PAW), which was applied to treat maize (monocot) and pea (dicot) seeds for evaluating its influence. This research explored APAPJ diagnostics by varying the air feed rate as 1, 2, and 3 liter per minute (Lpm) through current-voltage characterization, optical emission spectroscopy, electron temperature and density, nitrogen metastable state density, and rotational and vibrational temperature of the plasma. Additionally, various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) formed and physicochemical properties of PAW were analyzed by varying plasma treatment time from 0 to 8 min. Furthermore, the water uptake of maize (Zea mays) and pea (Pisum sativum) seeds were examined by the measurement of the contact angle. Results indicated that APAPJ has the capacity of fostering germination, growth, chlorophyll, phosphorus, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium ion and leaf area in plants significantly with an optimized 6 min treated PAW for maize and 2 min treated PAW for peas. Among various categories, seeds soaked in PAW and irrigated with PAW exhibited the most outstanding result in germination and plant growth. Non-thermal plasma showed promising green methods for enhancing plant growth and boosting nutrient content.

本研究采用常压空气等离子射流（APAPJ）生成等离子活化水（PAW），并将其用于处理玉米（单子叶植物）和豌豆（双子叶植物）种子，以评估其影响。这项研究通过电流-电压表征、光学发射光谱、电子温度和密度、氮态密度以及等离子体的旋转和振动温度，将进气量调整为每分钟 1 升、2 升和 3 升（Lpm），探索了 APAPJ 的诊断方法。此外，通过改变等离子体处理时间（0 至 8 分钟），分析了所形成的各种活性氧和氮物种（RONS）以及 PAW 的理化性质。此外，还通过测量接触角考察了玉米（Zea mays）和豌豆（Pisum sativum）种子的吸水性。结果表明，经 6 分钟优化处理的玉米种子（PAW）和经 2 分钟处理的豌豆种子（PAW）可显著促进植物的发芽、生长、叶绿素、磷、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、铵离子和叶面积。在各类种子中，用 PAW 浸泡和灌溉的种子在发芽和植物生长方面表现最为突出。非热等离子体在促进植物生长和提高营养成分含量方面显示出良好的绿色方法前景。

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引用次数: 0

Cadmium-induced protein AS8: A protein to improve Cd accumulation and transport via Cd uptake in poplar 镉诱导蛋白 AS8：通过镉吸收改善杨树镉积累和运输的蛋白质

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109199

Qinghua Shan , Jing Guan , Yahan Yang , Tuanyao Chai , Shufang Gong , Jingang Wang , Kun Qiao

The pollution of soil with heavy metals (HMs) has become an environmental problem of global concern. Phytoremediation, whereby plants extract HMs from soil, can efficiently and substantially reduce HM pollution in soil in an environmentally friendly manner. Cadmium-induced protein AS8 (CIPAS8) is present in many plants and its expression is induced by HMs. In this study, PeCIPAS8 and SlCIPAS8 were transformed into 84K poplar to study their effects on tolerance to, and translocation of, cadmium (Cd) in woody plants. Localization analyses showed that two CIPAS8 proteins were localized at the plasma membrane when transiently expressed in tobacco leaf epidermal cells. Compared with wild-type 84K poplar seedlings, transgenic poplar lines overexpressing PeCIPAS8 or SlCIPAS8 showed increased Cd contents and decreased Cd tolerance. Transgenic poplar lines overexpressing PeCIPAS8 or SlCIPAS8 accumulated more Cd in the roots, stems, and leaves, but the plant height did not differ significantly, compared with wild-type 84K poplar under Cd stress during the vegetative stage. CIPAS8 increased the Cd influx rate of transgenic poplar roots compared with that of the wild type, and affected the transcription levels of other metal transporters. These findings show that CIPAS8 increases Cd flux into plant tissues and demonstrate moderate Cd sensitivity of the plant. Therefore, CIPAS8 is an influx transporter with the potential to increase the uptake of toxic HMs by woody plants growing in HM-contaminated soils.

土壤重金属（HMs）污染已成为全球关注的环境问题。植物修复（即植物从土壤中提取 HMs）能以环境友好的方式有效、大幅地减少土壤中的 HMs 污染。镉诱导蛋白 AS8（CIPAS8）存在于许多植物中，其表达受到 HMs 的诱导。本研究将 PeCIPAS8 和 SlCIPAS8 转化到 84K 杨树中，研究它们对木本植物镉（Cd）耐受性和转运的影响。定位分析表明，在烟草叶片表皮细胞中瞬时表达的两个 CIPAS8 蛋白定位于质膜。与野生型 84K 杨树幼苗相比，过表达 PeCIPAS8 或 SlCIPAS8 的转基因杨树品系镉含量增加，耐镉性降低。与野生型 84K 杨树相比，过表达 PeCIPAS8 或 SlCIPAS8 的转基因杨树品系在无性期镉胁迫下，根、茎和叶中积累了更多的镉，但植株高度没有显著差异。与野生型相比，CIPAS8 提高了转基因杨树根部的镉吸收率，并影响了其他金属转运体的转录水平。这些研究结果表明，CIPAS8 增加了植物组织中的镉通量，并显示了植物对镉的适度敏感性。因此，CIPAS8 是一种流入转运体，有可能增加生长在 HM 污染土壤中的木本植物对有毒 HM 的吸收。

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引用次数: 0

The role and mechanism of TgCWIN2-mediated changes of photo-assimilates in modulating early development of Torreya grandis seeds TgCWIN2 介导的光同化物变化在调节香榧种子早期发育中的作用和机制

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109188

Jinwei Suo , Jiayue Zhong , Minmin Yang, Qianxi Li, Yuanyuan Hu, Weiwu Yu, Jingwei Yan, Jiasheng Wu

Early seed development is vital for plant reproduction, but the processes behind this in gymnosperms like Torreya grandis, which has a low rate of normal early-developed seeds, are not well understood. To fill this knowledge gap, we embarked on a comprehensive investigation encompassing the morphology and phenology of seed development in T. grandis. Using the ¹³C labelling analysis, coupled with leaf removal and seed thinning treatments, we observed a substantial increase in the content of photo-assimilate, an almost 10% increase in sucrose content under seed thinning treatments, thereby leading to an increase in the proportion of normal early-developed seeds, reaching 15%. Concurrently, through the integration of multi-omics analyses and transient overexpression validation, we identified cell wall invertase coding gene, TgCWIN2, which plays a pivotal role in sucrose cleavage during the early development of T. grandis seeds. Further gene co-expression, dual-luciferase assay, and yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that TgWRKY31 was a candidate regulator of TgCWIN2, positively influencing its expression by direct binding to the TgCWIN2 promoter. Notably, TgWRKY31 transient overexpression substantially enhances the expression of TgCWIN2, thereby contributing to a higher proportion of normal early-developed seeds. Our findings not only provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the early development of T. grandis seeds, but are also essential for establishing strategies to enhance early seed development and improve yield.

种子的早期发育对植物的繁殖至关重要，但对于像大香榧这样种子早期发育正常率较低的裸子植物来说，其背后的发育过程还不甚了解。为了填补这一知识空白，我们对大叶香榧种子发育的形态学和物候学进行了全面调查。利用 13C 标记分析，并结合摘叶和疏种处理，我们观察到光同化物的含量大幅增加，疏种处理下的蔗糖含量增加了近 10%，从而导致正常早期发育种子的比例增加，达到 15%。同时，通过整合多组学分析和瞬时过表达验证，我们发现了细胞壁转化酶编码基因 TgCWIN2，它在鹅掌楸种子早期发育过程中的蔗糖裂解中起着关键作用。进一步的基因共表达、双荧光素酶检测和酵母单杂交检测发现，TgWRKY31是TgCWIN2的候选调控因子，通过直接与TgCWIN2启动子结合对其表达产生积极影响。值得注意的是，TgWRKY31的瞬时过表达大大提高了TgCWIN2的表达，从而使早期发育正常的种子比例更高。我们的研究结果不仅让人们全面了解了鹅掌楸种子早期发育的基本机制，而且对于制定加强种子早期发育和提高产量的策略也至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Preinoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum enhances the salt tolerance of Glycine max seedlings by regulating polyamine metabolism in roots 通过调节根部的多胺代谢，预接种日本农杆菌可增强甘蓝幼苗的耐盐性

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109196

Chenya Li , Qiaoyue Huang , Shile Sun , Cong Cheng , Yutin Chen , Bingjun Yu

Rhizobia are common symbiotic microorganisms in the root system of leguminous plants that can usually provide nitrogen to the host through nitrogen fixation. Studies have shown that rhizobium-preinoculated soybean plants usually exhibit improved salt tolerance, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this paper, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that preinoculation with rhizobia affected polyamine (PA) metabolism in soybean roots. The assay of PA contents showed that preinoculation with rhizobia significantly increased the putrescine (Put) content in roots and leaves during short-term salt treatment (0–5 d). Long-term salt treatment (5–7 d) resulted in a high Put content and significantly increased Spm and Spd contents, resulting in a rapid increase in the Put/(Spd + Spm) ratio (0–5 d) and subsequent decrease. Moreover, rhizobium preinoculation of soybean plants resulted in increased contents of conjugated and bound PAs under salt stress. Further transcriptome sequencing, PA contents, PA synthase expression and activity analysis revealed that GmADC may be a key gene related to salt tolerance in rhizobium-preinoculated soybean plants, and the GmADC-overexpressing soybean hairy-root composite plants exhibited less ROS damage, lower Cl⁻/NO₃⁻ ratios and Na⁺/K⁺ ratios, and stabilized ion homeostasis. Taken together, preinoculation with rhizobia increased the expression level and enzyme activity of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) in soybean roots, increased the content of Put in roots and leaves, and increased the content of conjugated and bound PAs in soybean plants, thereby alleviating the oxidative and ionic injuries of soybean plants and enhancing the salt tolerance.

根瘤菌是豆科植物根系中常见的共生微生物，通常可通过固氮作用为宿主提供氮素。研究表明，预接种根瘤菌的大豆植株通常表现出更强的耐盐性，但其潜在机制尚未完全明了。本文通过转录组测序（RNA-seq）发现，根瘤菌预接种会影响大豆根部的多胺（PA）代谢。PA 含量的检测表明，在短期盐处理（0-5 d）期间，根瘤菌的预接种会显著增加根和叶中的腐胺（Put）含量。长期盐处理（5-7 d）导致 Put 含量较高，Spm 和 Spd 含量明显增加，导致 Put/（Spd + Spm）比值（0-5 d）迅速上升，随后下降。此外，在盐胁迫下，大豆植株接种根瘤菌后，共轭和结合 PA 的含量增加。进一步的转录组测序、PA含量、PA合成酶的表达和活性分析表明，GmADC可能是根瘤菌预接种大豆植株耐盐的关键基因，GmADC过表达的大豆毛根复合植株表现出较少的ROS损伤、较低的Cl-/NO3-比率和Na+/K+比率以及稳定的离子平衡。综上所述，根瘤菌的预接种提高了大豆根系中精氨酸脱羧酶（ADC）的表达水平和酶活性，增加了大豆根系和叶片中 Put 的含量，增加了大豆植株中共轭 PA 和结合 PA 的含量，从而减轻了大豆植株的氧化损伤和离子损伤，增强了耐盐性。

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引用次数: 0

Contribution of the regulatory miR156-SPL9 module to the drought stress response in pigmented potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) 调控 miR156-SPL9 模块对色素马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）干旱胁迫响应的贡献

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109195

Sara Pescador-Dionisio , Aida Robles-Fort , Bruno Parisi , Inmaculada García-Robles , Laura Bassolino , Giuseppe Mandolino , M. Dolores Real , Carolina Rausell

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is nowadays an important component of diversified cropping systems due to its adaptability, yielding capacity, and nutrition contribution. Breeding programs aiming at raising potato's nutritional value have mainly focused on the accumulation in potato tubers of health-promoting phytochemicals such as anthocyanins. In different plant species, increased amounts of anthocyanins in vegetative tissues have been associated with enhanced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses that challenge agrifood systems in the current context of global climate change. In the present study, we aimed at gaining insight into the effect of anthocyanin accumulation on the potato plants response to drought stress using three different potato genotypes with differential canopy and tuber pigmentation: the purple fleshed commercial variety Bleuet; the red fleshed breeding clone DAR170; and the non-pigmented commercial variety Monalisa. The varieties Bleuet and DAR170 exhibiting higher anthocyanin content in vegetative tissues than the Monalisa variety showed a remarkable inhibition of stem growth development under drought stress treatment suggestive of an anthocyanin-mediated physiological shift from growth to resilience as a mechanism of stress tolerance. The results of the expression analysis of stu-miR156a and its target StSPL9 gene in the potato plants with different anthocyanin content, as well as their change in response to drought stress support the participation of the conserved miR156-SPL9 regulatory module in coordinating potato plants development and plant responses to drought stress, involving precise fine-tuning of anthocyanin biosynthesis.

马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）因其适应性强、产量高、营养丰富，如今已成为多样化种植系统的重要组成部分。旨在提高马铃薯营养价值的育种计划主要侧重于在马铃薯块茎中积累花青素等促进健康的植物化学物质。在不同的植物物种中，无性组织中花青素含量的增加与对非生物和生物胁迫的耐受性增强有关，而在当前全球气候变化的背景下，这些胁迫对农业食品系统提出了挑战。在本研究中，我们使用了三种不同的马铃薯基因型，它们的冠层和块茎色素不同，分别是紫色肉质的商业品种Bleuet、红色肉质的育种克隆DAR170和无色素的商业品种Monalisa，旨在深入了解花青素积累对马铃薯植株应对干旱胁迫的影响。与 Monalisa 品种相比，Bleuet 和 DAR170 在无性组织中的花青素含量更高，在干旱胁迫处理下显著抑制了茎的生长发育，这表明花青素介导的从生长到恢复的生理转变是一种胁迫耐受机制。stu-miR156a及其靶标StSPL9基因在不同花青素含量的马铃薯植株中的表达分析结果及其对干旱胁迫的响应变化支持了保守的miR156-SPL9调控模块参与协调马铃薯植株的发育和植株对干旱胁迫的响应，涉及花青素生物合成的精确微调。

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引用次数: 0

R2R3-MYB transcription factor GmMYB68 is involved in the accumulation of soybean isoflavones R2R3-MYB 转录因子 GmMYB68 参与大豆异黄酮的积累

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109187

Zibo Xu , Yajing Liu , Yuqian Zhao , Xue Song , Youcheng Zhu , Ying Wang , Yuxuan He , Jingwen Li , Qingyu Wang , Fan Yan

We aimed to investigate the regulatory function of the soybean transcription factor R2R3-MYB (GmMYB68) in isoflavone biosynthesis. Through comprehensive subcellular and chromosomal localization analyses, we found that GmMYB68 was predominantly localized to the nucleus and mapped to chromosome Gm04. Notably, SSR markers near this gene significantly correlated with seed isoflavone content. GmMYB68 overexpression markedly increased isoflavone contents, confirming its positive role in regulating isoflavone synthesis. GmMYB68 also played a crucial role in the response of soybean to abiotic stress. Using RNA-seq and yeast one-hybrid techniques, we discovered an intricate interaction between GmMYB68 and key isoflavone biosynthesis genes GmCHS7 and GmCHS8. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying isoflavone biosynthesis. Furthermore, using yeast two-hybrid experiments, we identified proteins interacting with GmMYB68, suggesting roles in the synthesis of physiologically active compounds and abiotic stress response. We not only elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of GmMYB68 in isoflavone biosynthesis and abiotic stress response but also constructed a molecular network encompassing GmMYB68, GmCHS7, and GmCHS8. This network provides a theoretical basis for a better understanding of and strategies for improving soybean isoflavone biosynthesis.

我们的目的是研究大豆转录因子 R2R3-MYB（GmMYB68）在异黄酮生物合成中的调控功能。通过全面的亚细胞和染色体定位分析，我们发现 GmMYB68 主要定位在细胞核中，并映射到染色体 Gm04 上。值得注意的是，该基因附近的 SSR 标记与种子异黄酮含量有显著相关性。GmMYB68 的过表达明显增加了异黄酮的含量，证实了它在调节异黄酮合成中的积极作用。GmMYB68 在大豆对非生物胁迫的响应中也起着至关重要的作用。利用 RNA-seq 和酵母单杂交技术，我们发现了 GmMYB68 与关键的异黄酮生物合成基因 GmCHS7 和 GmCHS8 之间错综复杂的相互作用。这些发现为异黄酮的生物合成机制提供了新的见解。此外，通过酵母双杂交实验，我们发现了与 GmMYB68 相互作用的蛋白质，这表明它们在生理活性化合物的合成和非生物胁迫响应中发挥作用。我们不仅阐明了 GmMYB68 在异黄酮生物合成和非生物胁迫响应中的调控机制，还构建了一个包括 GmMYB68、GmCHS7 和 GmCHS8 的分子网络。该网络为更好地理解大豆异黄酮的生物合成和改进大豆异黄酮生物合成的策略提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Mutations in target gene confers resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in Echinochloa phyllopogon 目标基因突变使 Echinochloa phyllopogon 对乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂产生抗性

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109194

Lulu Zhang , Ying Du , Yunyan Deng , Tianlang Bai , Jiaxin Wang , Weijing Wang , Mingshan Ji

Echinochloa phyllopogon is a noxious weed that can harm rice over prolonged periods. Recently, a penoxsulam-resistant variant of E. phyllopogon with a mutation in the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene was collected in Northeastern China. In the present study, the molecular mechanism underlying herbicide resistance in mutant populations was evaluated. The GR₅₀ and IC₅₀ values of the herbicide-resistant mutant 1–11 were 27.0- and 21.4-fold higher than those of the susceptible population 2–31, respectively. In addition, pre-application of malathion reduced the GR₅₀ value of the resistant population. Additionally, mutant populations developed cross-resistance to other ALS inhibitors. E. phyllopogon ALS sequencing showed a Trp-574-Leu mutation in ALS2 variant 1–11. Molecular docking showed that the Trp-574-Leu substitution reduced the number of hydrogen bonds and altered the interaction between penoxsulam and ALS2. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring the ALS2 mutant gene also showed resistance to penoxsulam and other ALS inhibitors. Overall, our study demonstrated that the Trp-574-Leu mutation and P450-mediated metabolic resistance lead to the cross-resistance of E. phyllopogon to ALS inhibitors.

Echinochloa phyllopogon 是一种可长期危害水稻的有害杂草。最近，在中国东北地区发现了一种乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）基因突变的抗五氟磺草胺变异株。本研究评估了突变种群对除草剂产生抗性的分子机制。抗除草剂突变体 1-11 的 GR50 值和 IC50 值分别是易感种群 2-31 的 27.0 倍和 21.4 倍。此外，预先施用马拉硫磷降低了抗性种群的 GR50 值。此外，突变种群还对其他 ALS 抑制剂产生了交叉抗性。E.phyllopogon的ALS测序结果显示，ALS2变体1-11中存在一个Trp-574-Leu突变。分子对接显示，Trp-574-Leu 的取代减少了氢键的数量，改变了五氟磺草胺与 ALS2 之间的相互作用。携带 ALS2 突变体基因的转基因拟南芥植株也表现出对五氟磺草胺和其他 ALS 抑制剂的抗性。总之，我们的研究表明，Trp-574-Leu 突变和 P450 介导的代谢抗性导致了 E. phyllopogon 对 ALS 抑制剂的交叉抗性。

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引用次数: 0

Shading increases the susceptibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to Pst. DC3000 by inhibiting the expression of MsIFS1 遮光会增加紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）对 Pst.DC3000 的敏感性。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109191

Yuguang Song, Xueying Sun, Xinying Guo, Xinru Ding, Jifeng Chen, Haoyan Tang, Zhaoran Zhang, Wei Dong

Shade is a stressful factor for most plants, leading to both morphological and physiological changes, and often resulting in increased susceptibility to diseases and pathogen attacks. Our study revealed that the isoflavonoid synthesis pathway was inhibited in alfalfa under shade, resulting in a significant reduction in disease resistance. Overexpression of MsIFS1, a switch regulator in isoflavonoid synthesis, led to a notable increase in endogenous isoflavonoids and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst. DC3000). Conversely, MsIFS1-RNAi had the opposite effect. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays revealed that the shade-responsive transcription factor MsWRKY41 could directly bind to the MsIFS1 promoter. This interaction was confirmed through Dual-Luciferase Reporter (Dual-LUC) and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) assays, both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of MsWRKY41 not only enhanced alfalfa's resistance to Pst. DC3000 but also promoted the accumulation of isoflavonoids. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays showed that neither MsWRKY41 nor MsIFS1 physically interacted with the Type III effector (T3SE) HopZ1 secreted by Pst. DC3000, suggesting that the MsWRKY41-MsIFS1 module is not a direct target of HopZ1. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights and genetic resources for the development of shade-tolerant alfalfa with enhanced disease resistance.

遮荫对大多数植物来说都是一种胁迫因素，会导致形态和生理上的变化，往往会增加对病害和病原体侵袭的易感性。我们的研究发现，遮荫条件下紫花苜蓿的异黄酮合成途径受到抑制，导致抗病性显著降低。MsIFS1是异黄酮合成的一个开关调节因子，它的过表达导致内源异黄酮显著增加，并增强了对西红柿假单胞菌DC3000（Pst.）相反，MsIFS1-RNAi 则具有相反的效果。酵母单杂交（Y1H）试验发现，遮荫反应性转录因子 MsWRKY41 可直接与 MsIFS1 启动子结合。体外和体内的双荧光素酶报告（Dual-LUC）和染色质免疫沉淀结合定量 PCR（ChIP-qPCR）测定证实了这种相互作用。过表达 MsWRKY41 不仅增强了紫花苜蓿对 Pst.DC3000 的抗性，而且还促进了异黄酮的积累。此外，酵母双杂交（Y2H）试验表明，MsWRKY41 和 MsIFS1 均未与 Pst.这表明 MsWRKY41-MsIFS1 模块不是 HopZ1 的直接靶标。这些发现为开发具有更强抗病性的耐阴紫花苜蓿提供了宝贵的理论见解和遗传资源。

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引用次数: 0