Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109220
Junrong Xu , Jing Cui , Qiuyu He , Yunzhi Liu , Xuefang Lu , Jin Qi , Jingli Xiong , Wenjin Yu , Changxia Li
Heavy-metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) contributed to abiotic tolerance in vascular plants. Up to now, the HIPP gene family of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) had not been thoroughly understood. In the present study, 34 SlHIPP genes were identified from the tomato genome using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the evolution of SlHIPPs was highly conserved. The cis-acting element analysis indicated that SlHIPP genes might be involved in phytohormones and abiotic stresses. We constructed venn diagram with 17 genes containing stress-related motifs as well as 15 genes and 19 genes expressing in leaves and roots in RNA-seq data, suggesting that SlHIPP4/7/9/21/26/32 were selected as candidate genes for study. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that 6 candidate genes were indicated to be involved in osmotic and salt stress tolerance and SlHIPP7/21/26/32 responded to cadmium (Cd) tolerance. The virus-induced silencing of 6 candidate genes caused growth inhibition in stress conditions, further illustrating that 6 candidate genes played a positive role in abiotic conditions. Importantly, the phytohormone analysis implied that 6 candidate genes mediated abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), gibberellin (GA3), auxin (IAA), or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) response to Cd, osmotic, or salt stress tolerance. These findings indicated that SlHIPP4/7/9/21/26/32 were key regulators of abiotic stress responses in tomato seedlings, functioning through multiple phytohormone pathways.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification of HIPP and mechanism of SlHIPP4/7/9/21/26/32 mediated phytohormones response to Cd, osmotic, and salt stresses in tomato","authors":"Junrong Xu , Jing Cui , Qiuyu He , Yunzhi Liu , Xuefang Lu , Jin Qi , Jingli Xiong , Wenjin Yu , Changxia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy-metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) contributed to abiotic tolerance in vascular plants. Up to now, the <em>HIPP</em> gene family of tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) had not been thoroughly understood. In the present study, 34 <em>SlHIPP</em> genes were identified from the tomato genome using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the evolution of SlHIPPs was highly conserved. The <em>cis</em>-acting element analysis indicated that <em>SlHIPP</em> genes might be involved in phytohormones and abiotic stresses. We constructed venn diagram with 17 genes containing stress-related motifs as well as 15 genes and 19 genes expressing in leaves and roots in RNA-seq data, suggesting that <em>SlHIPP4</em>/<em>7</em>/<em>9</em>/<em>21</em>/<em>26</em>/<em>32</em> were selected as candidate genes for study. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that 6 candidate genes were indicated to be involved in osmotic and salt stress tolerance and <em>SlHIPP7</em>/<em>21</em>/<em>26</em>/<em>32</em> responded to cadmium (Cd) tolerance. The virus-induced silencing of 6 candidate genes caused growth inhibition in stress conditions, further illustrating that 6 candidate genes played a positive role in abiotic conditions. Importantly, the phytohormone analysis implied that 6 candidate genes mediated abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), gibberellin (GA<sub>3</sub>), auxin (IAA), or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) response to Cd, osmotic, or salt stress tolerance. These findings indicated that <em>SlHIPP4/7/9/21/26/32</em> were key regulators of abiotic stress responses in tomato seedlings, functioning through multiple phytohormone pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109220"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109221
Tamires da Silva Martins , Cristiane Jovelina Da-Silva , Eduardo Pereira Shimoia , Douglas Antônio Posso , Ivan Ricardo Carvalho , Ana Claudia Barneche de Oliveira , Luciano do Amarante
The ability of plants to recover after stressful events is crucial for resuming growth and development and is a key trait when studying stress tolerance. However, there is a lack of information on the physiological responses and the time required to restore homeostasis after the stress experience. This study aimed to (i) enhance understanding of soybean photosynthesis performance during saline waterlogging and (ii) investigate the effects of this combined stress during the reoxygenation and recovery period. Soybean plants (cultivar PELBR10-6049 RR) were subjected to waterlogging, NaCl, or hypoxia + NaCl for 3 and 6 days. Afterward, plants were drained and allowed to recover for an additional two (short-term) and seven days (long-term). Compared to plants exposed to single stress, the combined hypoxia + NaCl treatment resulted in a lower net CO2 assimilation rate, ФPSII, and levels of photosynthetic pigments during the waterlogging period. Furthermore, hypoxia + NaCl increased foliar electrolyte leakage during waterlogging. In response to short-term reoxygenation, these negative effects were amplified, while prolonged reoxygenation resulted in a slight increase in biomass accumulation. In conclusion, full recovery was not achieved under any condition during the reoxygenation periods tested. Notably, the brief reoxygenation phase imposed greater stress than the initial stress conditions for plants facing combined stress. Although extended recovery increased biomass accumulation, it remained lower in plants previously subjected to saline waterlogging.
{"title":"Short-term reoxygenation is not enough for the recovery of soybean plants exposed to saline waterlogging","authors":"Tamires da Silva Martins , Cristiane Jovelina Da-Silva , Eduardo Pereira Shimoia , Douglas Antônio Posso , Ivan Ricardo Carvalho , Ana Claudia Barneche de Oliveira , Luciano do Amarante","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability of plants to recover after stressful events is crucial for resuming growth and development and is a key trait when studying stress tolerance. However, there is a lack of information on the physiological responses and the time required to restore homeostasis after the stress experience. This study aimed to (<em>i</em>) enhance understanding of soybean photosynthesis performance during saline waterlogging and (<em>ii</em>) investigate the effects of this combined stress during the reoxygenation and recovery period. Soybean plants (cultivar PELBR10-6049 RR) were subjected to waterlogging, NaCl, or hypoxia + NaCl for 3 and 6 days. Afterward, plants were drained and allowed to recover for an additional two (short-term) and seven days (long-term). Compared to plants exposed to single stress, the combined hypoxia + NaCl treatment resulted in a lower net CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate, ФPSII, and levels of photosynthetic pigments during the waterlogging period. Furthermore, hypoxia + NaCl increased foliar electrolyte leakage during waterlogging. In response to short-term reoxygenation, these negative effects were amplified, while prolonged reoxygenation resulted in a slight increase in biomass accumulation. In conclusion, full recovery was not achieved under any condition during the reoxygenation periods tested. Notably, the brief reoxygenation phase imposed greater stress than the initial stress conditions for plants facing combined stress. Although extended recovery increased biomass accumulation, it remained lower in plants previously subjected to saline waterlogging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109208
Cassandra Detti , Antonella Gori , Lapo Azzini , Francesco Paolo Nicese , Francesca Alderotti , Ermes Lo Piccolo , Carlo Stella , Francesco Ferrini , Cecilia Brunetti
When plants are transferred from nursery to urban environments, they often face drought stress due to inadequate maintenance, such as insufficient irrigation. Using drought tolerant species may help mitigate the adverse impact of drought stress in urban settings. Additionally, utilizing novel technologies for water status monitoring may help optimize irrigation schedules to prevent transplanting failures. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of two ornamental shrubs, Photinia x fraseri and Viburnum tinus, subjected to water stress of increasing severity and rewatering. Water relations, gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and biochemical analyses were conducted alongside real-time monitoring of water status using leaf-water-meter sensors (LWM).
The progression of water stress had a notable negative impact on leaf gas exchanges and water relations in both species. Notably, P. fraseri avoided photoinhibition by reducing chlorophyll content and actual efficiency of PSII. Adjustments in leaf phenolic compounds played a significant role in enhancing drought tolerance of both species due to their antioxidant and photoprotective properties.
Upon rewatering, both species exhibited complete recovery in their physiological functions, underscoring their remarkable tolerance and resilience to drought stress. Additionally, LWM sensors efficiently tracked the dehydration levels, exhibiting a rising trend during the water stress progression and a subsequent decline after rewatering for both species. These findings confirm the reliability of LWM sensors in monitoring physiological status of plants in outdoor contexts, making them a suitable tool for use in urban settings.
{"title":"Drought tolerance and recovery capacity of two ornamental shrubs: Combining physiological and biochemical analyses with online leaf water status monitoring for the application in urban settings","authors":"Cassandra Detti , Antonella Gori , Lapo Azzini , Francesco Paolo Nicese , Francesca Alderotti , Ermes Lo Piccolo , Carlo Stella , Francesco Ferrini , Cecilia Brunetti","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When plants are transferred from nursery to urban environments, they often face drought stress due to inadequate maintenance, such as insufficient irrigation. Using drought tolerant species may help mitigate the adverse impact of drought stress in urban settings. Additionally, utilizing novel technologies for water status monitoring may help optimize irrigation schedules to prevent transplanting failures. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of two ornamental shrubs, <em>Photinia</em> x <em>fraseri</em> and <em>Viburnum tinus</em>, subjected to water stress of increasing severity and rewatering. Water relations, gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and biochemical analyses were conducted alongside real-time monitoring of water status using leaf-water-meter sensors (LWM).</div><div>The progression of water stress had a notable negative impact on leaf gas exchanges and water relations in both species. Notably, <em>P. fraseri</em> avoided photoinhibition by reducing chlorophyll content and actual efficiency of PSII. Adjustments in leaf phenolic compounds played a significant role in enhancing drought tolerance of both species due to their antioxidant and photoprotective properties.</div><div>Upon rewatering, both species exhibited complete recovery in their physiological functions, underscoring their remarkable tolerance and resilience to drought stress. Additionally, LWM sensors efficiently tracked the dehydration levels, exhibiting a rising trend during the water stress progression and a subsequent decline after rewatering for both species. These findings confirm the reliability of LWM sensors in monitoring physiological status of plants in outdoor contexts, making them a suitable tool for use in urban settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 109208"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109202
Hanjing Sha , Yue Yu , Yunfei Han , Jia Liu , Zhongmin Han , Yubing Zhao , Chunran Huo , Huilin Chang , Fantao Zhang , Jingguo Wang , Jun Fang
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in cereal crops is a prevalent phenomenon that impacts grain yield and quality. Several PHS inhibitory compounds were screened and identified in previous studies, such as eugenol (EUG), maleic hydrazide (MH), coumarin (COU), etc. However, few studies have focused on the combination of PHS inhibitors, and the inhibitory mechanism remains unclear. Here, through combination tests of EUG, MH, and COU, the optimal combination of PHS inhibitors was selected as MH 20 mg L−1 + COU 100 mg L−1, which presented the lowest germination percentages. The optimal combination treatment significantly decreased the germination rate, α-amylase activity, content of soluble sugar and soluble protein, enhanced ABA content and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), inhibited the production of superoxide anion (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide, and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA); conversely, this trend is precisely the opposite in normal germination. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that the optimal combination of MH and COU significantly decreased the expression level of OsAmy1A and OsAmy3D at 12 and 48 h after imbibition (HAI); and promoted the expression of OsRbohs (OsRbohA, OsRbohC, OsRbohD, OsRbohE, OsRbohH) and ABA biosynthetic genes OsNCED1, OsNCED2, and OsNCED5, especially OsNCED2 at 12 HAI, but down-regulated expression of OsRbohs and ABA catabolic genes OsABA8ox1-3 at 48 HAI. These results demonstrated that the delay in seed germination induced by MH and COU involved in ROS, ABA, and sugars; the optimal combination of MH and COU inhibited the germination process by promoting ABA biosynthesis and reducing ABA catabolism, and restraining the α-amylase activity to lower soluble sugar content. Intriguingly, although the expression of OsRbohs, which play a crucial role in generating ROS, increased in early imbibition (12h), the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and POD also increased with the optimal combination treatment of MH and COU, which lead to the delay in ROS accumulation and inhibition of germination. These results have deepened our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of PHS inhibitors and provided theoretical support for the application of MH and COU in preventing sprouting before crop harvesting.
{"title":"Combination of maleic hydrazide and coumarin inhibits rice seed germination involving reactive oxygen species accumulation, ABA metabolism and starch degradation","authors":"Hanjing Sha , Yue Yu , Yunfei Han , Jia Liu , Zhongmin Han , Yubing Zhao , Chunran Huo , Huilin Chang , Fantao Zhang , Jingguo Wang , Jun Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in cereal crops is a prevalent phenomenon that impacts grain yield and quality. Several PHS inhibitory compounds were screened and identified in previous studies, such as eugenol (EUG), maleic hydrazide (MH), coumarin (COU), etc. However, few studies have focused on the combination of PHS inhibitors, and the inhibitory mechanism remains unclear. Here, through combination tests of EUG, MH, and COU, the optimal combination of PHS inhibitors was selected as MH 20 mg L<sup>−1</sup> + COU 100 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, which presented the lowest germination percentages. The optimal combination treatment significantly decreased the germination rate, α-amylase activity, content of soluble sugar and soluble protein, enhanced ABA content and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), inhibited the production of superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) and hydrogen peroxide, and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA); conversely, this trend is precisely the opposite in normal germination. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that the optimal combination of MH and COU significantly decreased the expression level of <em>OsAmy1A</em> and <em>OsAmy3D</em> at 12 and 48 h after imbibition (HAI); and promoted the expression of <em>OsRbohs (OsRbohA, OsRbohC, OsRbohD, OsRbohE, OsRbohH)</em> and ABA biosynthetic genes <em>OsNCED1</em>, <em>OsNCED2</em>, and <em>OsNCED5</em>, especially <em>OsNCED2</em> at 12 HAI, but down-regulated expression of <em>OsRbohs</em> and ABA catabolic genes <em>OsABA8ox1-3</em> at 48 HAI. These results demonstrated that the delay in seed germination induced by MH and COU involved in ROS, ABA, and sugars; the optimal combination of MH and COU inhibited the germination process by promoting ABA biosynthesis and reducing ABA catabolism, and restraining the α-amylase activity to lower soluble sugar content. Intriguingly, although the expression of <em>OsRbohs,</em> which play a crucial role in generating ROS, increased in early imbibition (12h), the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and POD also increased with the optimal combination treatment of MH and COU, which lead to the delay in ROS accumulation and inhibition of germination. These results have deepened our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of PHS inhibitors and provided theoretical support for the application of MH and COU in preventing sprouting before crop harvesting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109202"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109204
Vivek Pandey , Tejasvi Pandey
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a crucial signaling molecule in plant biology, exhibiting diverse roles in growth, development, and stress responses. In recent years, its involvement in postharvest physiology has drawn significant attention, particularly in the context of fruit ripening, senescence, and quality maintenance. However, despite the increasing recognition of H2S's importance in postharvest processes, there remains a limited understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms by which H2S modulates these physiological responses and its interaction with other signaling pathways in fruit tissues. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of H2S in postharvest fruits, encompassing its biosynthesis pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and physiological effects. By identifying existing gaps in the current literature, such as the need for more targeted studies on H2S's synergistic effects with other phytohormones and its potential impact on different fruit varieties, this review elucidates the multifaceted functions of H2S and its potential applications in postharvest technologies aimed at prolonging fruit shelf-life and preserving quality.
{"title":"The role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in postharvest fruits: A comprehensive analysis","authors":"Vivek Pandey , Tejasvi Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) has emerged as a crucial signaling molecule in plant biology, exhibiting diverse roles in growth, development, and stress responses. In recent years, its involvement in postharvest physiology has drawn significant attention, particularly in the context of fruit ripening, senescence, and quality maintenance. However, despite the increasing recognition of H<sub>2</sub>S's importance in postharvest processes, there remains a limited understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms by which H<sub>2</sub>S modulates these physiological responses and its interaction with other signaling pathways in fruit tissues. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of H<sub>2</sub>S in postharvest fruits, encompassing its biosynthesis pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and physiological effects. By identifying existing gaps in the current literature, such as the need for more targeted studies on H<sub>2</sub>S's synergistic effects with other phytohormones and its potential impact on different fruit varieties, this review elucidates the multifaceted functions of H<sub>2</sub>S and its potential applications in postharvest technologies aimed at prolonging fruit shelf-life and preserving quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109204"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109209
Liyuan Wu , Jian Chen , Tao Yan , Baixiang Fu , Dezhi Wu , Liuhui Kuang
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is widely cultivated across diverse soil types, including acidic soils where aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major limiting factor. The relative Al sensitivity of barley highlights the need for a deeper understanding of early molecular responses in root tip (the primary target of Al toxicity) to develop Al-tolerant cultivars. Integrative N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses revealed that elevated auxin and jasmonic acid (JA) levels modulated Al-induced root growth inhibition by repressing genes involved in cell elongation and proliferation. Additionally, these pathways promoted pectin demethylation via up-regulation of genes encoding pectin methylesterases (PMEs). The up-regulation of citrate efflux transporter genes including Al-activated citrate transporter 1 (HvAACT1), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters like HvABCB25, facilitated Al exclusion and vacuolar sequestration. Enhanced activity within the phenylpropanoid pathway supported antioxidant defenses and internal chelation through the production of specific flavonoids and altered cell wall composition via lignin unit modulation. Notably, several Al-responsive genes, including HvABCB25 and transcription factors (TFs), exhibited m6A modification changes, with two microtubule associated protein 65 (MAP65) members displaying opposing regulatory patterns at both transcriptional and m6A levels, underscoring the crucial role of m6A modification in gene expression regulation. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the epitranscriptomic regulation of gene expression and metabolite accumulation in barley root tip under Al stress.
大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）广泛种植于各种土壤类型，包括铝（Al）毒性是主要限制因素的酸性土壤。大麦对铝的相对敏感性突出表明，需要深入了解根尖（铝毒性的主要靶标）的早期分子反应，以培育耐铝栽培品种。N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）修饰、转录组和代谢组的综合分析表明，辅助素和茉莉酸（JA）水平的升高通过抑制参与细胞伸长和增殖的基因，调节了铝诱导的根系生长抑制。此外，这些途径还通过上调编码果胶甲基酯酶（PMEs）的基因促进果胶去甲基化。柠檬酸盐外排转运体基因（包括铝激活柠檬酸盐转运体 1 (HvAACT1)）和 ATP 结合盒（ABC）转运体（如 HvABCB25）的上调促进了铝排斥和液泡螯合。苯丙氨酸途径活性的增强通过产生特定的类黄酮和通过木质素单位调节改变细胞壁组成，支持了抗氧化防御和内部螯合。值得注意的是，包括 HvABCB25 和转录因子（TFs）在内的几个 Al 响应基因表现出 m6A 修饰变化，其中两个微管相关蛋白 65（MAP65）成员在转录和 m6A 水平上表现出相反的调控模式，突出了 m6A 修饰在基因表达调控中的关键作用。这项全面的研究为了解 Al 胁迫下大麦根尖基因表达和代谢物积累的表观转录组调控提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Multi-omics analysis unveils early molecular responses to aluminum toxicity in barley root tip","authors":"Liyuan Wu , Jian Chen , Tao Yan , Baixiang Fu , Dezhi Wu , Liuhui Kuang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em> L.) is widely cultivated across diverse soil types, including acidic soils where aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major limiting factor. The relative Al sensitivity of barley highlights the need for a deeper understanding of early molecular responses in root tip (the primary target of Al toxicity) to develop Al-tolerant cultivars. Integrative <em>N</em><sup><em>6</em></sup>-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses revealed that elevated auxin and jasmonic acid (JA) levels modulated Al-induced root growth inhibition by repressing genes involved in cell elongation and proliferation. Additionally, these pathways promoted pectin demethylation via up-regulation of genes encoding pectin methylesterases (PMEs). The up-regulation of citrate efflux transporter genes including <em>Al-activated citrate transporter 1</em> (<em>HvAACT1</em>), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters like <em>HvABCB25</em>, facilitated Al exclusion and vacuolar sequestration. Enhanced activity within the phenylpropanoid pathway supported antioxidant defenses and internal chelation through the production of specific flavonoids and altered cell wall composition via lignin unit modulation. Notably, several Al-responsive genes, including <em>HvABCB25</em> and transcription factors (TFs), exhibited m6A modification changes, with two <em>microtubule associated protein 65</em> (<em>MAP65</em>) members displaying opposing regulatory patterns at both transcriptional and m6A levels, underscoring the crucial role of m6A modification in gene expression regulation. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the epitranscriptomic regulation of gene expression and metabolite accumulation in barley root tip under Al stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109209"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109198
Huizhen Fan , Huimin Liao , Yingxue Shen , Md Nasir Hossain Sani , Jean Wan Hong Yong , Junyang Song
Paperbark maple (Acer griseum), an endemic and endangered wild plant in China, has red-colored autumn leaves of high ornamental and garden application value. Leaf color change serves as a crucial indicator for evaluating garden tree aesthetics; however, research on A. griseum's leaf color change remains limited. This study aims to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color change in maple leaves through physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic assays. Data analysis encompasses gene expression levels and metabolite changes in three distinct states of maple leaves: green, half-red, and red. The progessive decrease of chlorophyll and carotenoids and the continuous accumulation of anthocyanidins caused a sharp change in leaf coloration, which was most drastic in the green to half-red period. Subsequently, targeted metabolomics analysis was performed, and a total of 71 anthocyanidins were detected, and the content of eight types of anthocyanidins increased significantly in the half-red and red periods, compared with that in the green period; of which the multiplicative difference was the largest for cyanidin-3,5-O diglucoside, delivering the largest multiplicative difference. Thus, it was plausible that cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside-dominated compoundswere likely to be the main metabolites associated with leaf reddening. Correlation analysis revealed that 12 key transcription factors (TFs) were significantly correlated with the anthocyanin-related metabolites and structural genes, which play important regulatory roles during the biosynthesis of anthocyanosides in A. griseum. These findings offered useful insights into the molecular basis of leaf color variation in A. griseum; providing valuable information to guide targeted genetic breeding and varietal improvement strategies.
纸皮槭（Acer griseum）是中国特有的濒危野生植物，其红叶具有很高的观赏价值和园林应用价值。叶色变化是评价园林树木美观程度的一个重要指标，但有关纸皮槭叶色变化的研究仍然有限。本研究旨在通过生理、转录和代谢测定，阐明枫叶叶色变化的生理和分子机制。数据分析包括枫叶绿色、半红色和红色三种不同状态下的基因表达水平和代谢物变化。叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的逐渐减少以及花青素的持续积累导致了叶片颜色的急剧变化，这种变化在绿色到半红色期间最为剧烈。随后进行了靶向代谢组学分析，共检测到71种花青素，其中8种花青素的含量在半红期和红叶期比绿叶期显著增加，其中倍数差异最大的是花青素-3,5-O二葡萄糖苷，其倍数差异最大。因此，花青素-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷为主的化合物很可能是与叶片变红有关的主要代谢物。相关性分析表明，12 个关键转录因子（TFs）与花色苷相关代谢物和结构基因显著相关，这些转录因子在花色苷的生物合成过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。这些发现为了解 A. griseum 叶色变异的分子基础提供了有用的见解，为指导有针对性的遗传育种和品种改良策略提供了宝贵的信息。
{"title":"Unravelling the physiological and molecular mechanisms of leaf color change in Acer griseum through multi-omics analysis","authors":"Huizhen Fan , Huimin Liao , Yingxue Shen , Md Nasir Hossain Sani , Jean Wan Hong Yong , Junyang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paperbark maple (<em>Acer griseum</em>), an endemic and endangered wild plant in China, has red-colored autumn leaves of high ornamental and garden application value. Leaf color change serves as a crucial indicator for evaluating garden tree aesthetics; however, research on <em>A. griseum's</em> leaf color change remains limited. This study aims to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color change in maple leaves through physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic assays. Data analysis encompasses gene expression levels and metabolite changes in three distinct states of maple leaves: green, half-red, and red. The progessive decrease of chlorophyll and carotenoids and the continuous accumulation of anthocyanidins caused a sharp change in leaf coloration, which was most drastic in the green to half-red period. Subsequently, targeted metabolomics analysis was performed, and a total of 71 anthocyanidins were detected, and the content of eight types of anthocyanidins increased significantly in the half-red and red periods, compared with that in the green period; of which the multiplicative difference was the largest for cyanidin-3,5-O diglucoside, delivering the largest multiplicative difference. Thus, it was plausible that cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside-dominated compoundswere likely to be the main metabolites associated with leaf reddening. Correlation analysis revealed that 12 key transcription factors (TFs) were significantly correlated with the anthocyanin-related metabolites and structural genes, which play important regulatory roles during the biosynthesis of anthocyanosides in <em>A. griseum</em>. These findings offered useful insights into the molecular basis of leaf color variation in <em>A. griseum</em>; providing valuable information to guide targeted genetic breeding and varietal improvement strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 109198"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109205
Shoujiang Sun, Chunjiao Mi, Wen Ma, Peisheng Mao
Seed aging poses a significant challenge to agronomic production and germplasm conservation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly involved in the aging process. However, dynamic response of germination characteristics and antioxidant system to seed aging are not yet very clear. This study explored the potential physiological mechanisms responsible for the reduced and rapid loss of seed vigor in alfalfa, and identified key genes regulating seed vigor. The germination percentage exhibited a decreased trend with the prolongation of aging duration. From 16 to 32 days of aging, the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, POD, CAT, DHAR and MDHAR declined significantly, which lead to the disruption of ROS balance and a significant increase in ROS levels, exacerbating seed aging. Based on transcriptome, 29 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including SOD1, APX-2 and GST-7 within the ROS scavenging system showed a significantly down-regulated expression trend at aging of 16 and 24 days, indicating the abnormal function of antioxidant metabolism. Furthermore, some related genes including ATPF1B, ATPeF0C-3, NDUFS1, NDUFS3 and ND2 in the mitochondrial ETC exhibited a downturn following seed aging, which would result in the losing of seed vigor. This study has uncovered a significant array of potential target genes within the seed antioxidant system and mitochondrial ETC. These discoveries offer a wider lens for delving into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of seed aging. Further research is crucial to comprehensively elucidate the precise pathways through which these pivotal genes regulate seed vigor.
{"title":"Dynamic responses of germination characteristics and antioxidant systems to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seed aging based on transcriptome","authors":"Shoujiang Sun, Chunjiao Mi, Wen Ma, Peisheng Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seed aging poses a significant challenge to agronomic production and germplasm conservation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly involved in the aging process. However, dynamic response of germination characteristics and antioxidant system to seed aging are not yet very clear. This study explored the potential physiological mechanisms responsible for the reduced and rapid loss of seed vigor in alfalfa, and identified key genes regulating seed vigor. The germination percentage exhibited a decreased trend with the prolongation of aging duration. From 16 to 32 days of aging, the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, POD, CAT, DHAR and MDHAR declined significantly, which lead to the disruption of ROS balance and a significant increase in ROS levels, exacerbating seed aging. Based on transcriptome, 29 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including <em>SOD1</em>, <em>APX-2</em> and <em>GST-7</em> within the ROS scavenging system showed a significantly down-regulated expression trend at aging of 16 and 24 days, indicating the abnormal function of antioxidant metabolism. Furthermore, some related genes including <em>ATPF1B</em>, <em>ATPeF0C-3</em>, <em>NDUFS1</em>, <em>NDUFS3</em> and <em>ND2</em> in the mitochondrial ETC exhibited a downturn following seed aging, which would result in the losing of seed vigor. This study has uncovered a significant array of potential target genes within the seed antioxidant system and mitochondrial ETC. These discoveries offer a wider lens for delving into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of seed aging. Further research is crucial to comprehensively elucidate the precise pathways through which these pivotal genes regulate seed vigor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109205"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109206
Jv-Liang Dai , Mao-Mao Yan , Fang-Chun Wu, Hao-Hong Chen, Ming-Hua Liang, Jian-Guo Jiang
Natural carotenoids from microalgae have received more attention as an alternative source. In this study, fulvic acid (FA), a plant growth regulator, was used to enhance carotenoid accumulation in microalgae Dunaliella bardawil rich in lutein. However, the addition of FA promoted pigment synthesis but also exhibited an inhibitory effect on biomass. Therefore, the optimization of culture conditions was performed to further enhance carotenoid accumulation, including high light stress (10,000 lx) and the two-stage cultivation comprising 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and FA. Under both culture conditions, the growth inhibition caused by FA was alleviated, leading to a further increase in the contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids. HPLC analysis revealed that the production of lutein, α-carotene and β-carotene increased by 0.44-, 0.37- and 0.54-fold under the treatment of 400 mg/L FA with high light intensity and 0.91-, 1.15–0.29-fold under the two-stage cultivation comprising 11 mM ACC and 500 mg/L FA. Furthermore, algal cells under FA treatment and the two-stage cultivation stained with Bodipy505/515 emitted stronger fluorescence under a laser confocal microscope, suggesting that lipid accumulation was increased. Additionally, the transcription levels of carotenogenic genes were also found to be up-regulated by qRT-PCR. These results indicated an enhancement in both the storage capacity and synthesis of carotenoids in D. bardawil. This study revealed the potential application of plant growth regulators in promoting carotenoid accumulation in D. bardawil which could be further improved by optimizing the culture conditions, providing a reference for efficient carotenoid production in microalgae.
来自微藻的天然类胡萝卜素作为一种替代来源受到越来越多的关注。本研究利用植物生长调节剂富勒酸（FA）来提高富含叶黄素的微藻杜纳藻（Dunaliella bardawil）中类胡萝卜素的积累。然而，FA 的添加在促进色素合成的同时，也对生物量产生了抑制作用。因此，为了进一步提高类胡萝卜素的积累，对培养条件进行了优化，包括高光照胁迫（10,000 lx）和含有 1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）和 FA 的两阶段培养。在这两种培养条件下，FA 对生长的抑制作用都得到了缓解，导致叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量进一步增加。高效液相色谱分析显示，在高光照强度和 400 毫克/升 FA 的条件下，叶黄素、α-胡萝卜素和 β-胡萝卜素的产量分别增加了 0.44、0.37 和 0.54 倍；在 11 毫摩尔 ACC 和 500 毫克/升 FA 的两阶段培养条件下，叶黄素、α-胡萝卜素和 β-胡萝卜素的产量分别增加了 0.91、1.15-0.29 倍。此外，在激光共聚焦显微镜下，用 Bodipy505/515 染色的 FA 处理和两阶段培养的藻细胞发出更强的荧光，表明脂质积累增加。此外，通过 qRT-PCR 还发现胡萝卜素基因的转录水平也被上调。这些结果表明，D. bardawil 的类胡萝卜素储存能力和合成能力都有所提高。这项研究揭示了植物生长调节剂在促进巴达维类胡萝卜素积累方面的潜在应用，可通过优化培养条件进一步提高类胡萝卜素的积累，为微藻类高效生产类胡萝卜素提供参考。
{"title":"Enhancing carotenoid accumulation in Dunaliella bardawil by combined treatments with fulvic acid and optimized culture conditions","authors":"Jv-Liang Dai , Mao-Mao Yan , Fang-Chun Wu, Hao-Hong Chen, Ming-Hua Liang, Jian-Guo Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural carotenoids from microalgae have received more attention as an alternative source. In this study, fulvic acid (FA), a plant growth regulator, was used to enhance carotenoid accumulation in microalgae <em>Dunaliella bardawil</em> rich in lutein. However, the addition of FA promoted pigment synthesis but also exhibited an inhibitory effect on biomass. Therefore, the optimization of culture conditions was performed to further enhance carotenoid accumulation, including high light stress (10,000 lx) and the two-stage cultivation comprising 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and FA. Under both culture conditions, the growth inhibition caused by FA was alleviated, leading to a further increase in the contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids. HPLC analysis revealed that the production of lutein, α-carotene and β-carotene increased by 0.44-, 0.37- and 0.54-fold under the treatment of 400 mg/L FA with high light intensity and 0.91-, 1.15–0.29-fold under the two-stage cultivation comprising 11 mM ACC and 500 mg/L FA. Furthermore, algal cells under FA treatment and the two-stage cultivation stained with Bodipy505/515 emitted stronger fluorescence under a laser confocal microscope, suggesting that lipid accumulation was increased. Additionally, the transcription levels of carotenogenic genes were also found to be up-regulated by qRT-PCR. These results indicated an enhancement in both the storage capacity and synthesis of carotenoids in <em>D. bardawil</em>. This study revealed the potential application of plant growth regulators in promoting carotenoid accumulation in <em>D. bardawil</em> which could be further improved by optimizing the culture conditions, providing a reference for efficient carotenoid production in microalgae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chromium (Cr) contamination in agricultural soils, largely due to industrial activities, poses a significant threat to plant growth and productivity. This study examines the effects of Cr stress at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg of K2Cr2O7 per kg soil on rapeseed (Brassica napus) roots and evaluates the mitigating potential of biochar. Biochar, produced through both slow and fast pyrolysis and applied at 30 g per kg soil, was investigated for its ability to neutralize Cr toxicity. Our findings indicate that Cr stress significantly decreased the growth and physiological functions of rapeseed roots. However, biochar application improved soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and the uptake of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Additionally, biochar enhanced the production of osmotic regulators like glycine betaine and soluble proteins, as well as indole acetic acid, promoting better root growth and water uptake under Cr stress. Notably, biochar reduced Cr availability and absorption in rapeseed roots, leading to lower levels of stress-related hormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Among the biochars tested, slow pyrolysis biochar was more effective than fast pyrolysis biochar in mitigating Cr toxicity. These results highlight the potential of slow pyrolysis biochar as a sustainable strategy to alleviate Cr pollution and enhance plant resilience in contaminated soils.
{"title":"Biochar solutions: Slow and fast pyrolysis effects on chromium stress in rapeseed roots","authors":"Morteza Alami-Milani , Parisa Aghaei-Gharachorlou , Rozita Davar , Ania Rashidpour , Shahram Torabian , Salar Farhangi-Abriz","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chromium (Cr) contamination in agricultural soils, largely due to industrial activities, poses a significant threat to plant growth and productivity. This study examines the effects of Cr stress at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg of K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> per kg soil on rapeseed (<em>Brassica napus</em>) roots and evaluates the mitigating potential of biochar. Biochar, produced through both slow and fast pyrolysis and applied at 30 g per kg soil, was investigated for its ability to neutralize Cr toxicity. Our findings indicate that Cr stress significantly decreased the growth and physiological functions of rapeseed roots. However, biochar application improved soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and the uptake of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Additionally, biochar enhanced the production of osmotic regulators like glycine betaine and soluble proteins, as well as indole acetic acid, promoting better root growth and water uptake under Cr stress. Notably, biochar reduced Cr availability and absorption in rapeseed roots, leading to lower levels of stress-related hormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Among the biochars tested, slow pyrolysis biochar was more effective than fast pyrolysis biochar in mitigating Cr toxicity. These results highlight the potential of slow pyrolysis biochar as a sustainable strategy to alleviate Cr pollution and enhance plant resilience in contaminated soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 109197"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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