Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献_第6页

Green and red nets showed opposite influence on carotenoid accumulation in citrus by differential regulation of CitPSY and CitCCD4 gene expression 绿网和红网通过对CitPSY和CitCCD4基因表达的差异调控对柑橘类胡萝卜素积累的影响相反

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111100

Abdelmonem Elshahat , Abebe Assefa Gobena , Samy A. Marey , Hai-Qiang Liu , Yin Luo , Essam Elatafi , Basma Elhendawy , Shariq Mahmood Alam , Rohoma Tahir , Mohamed A. Abdelsalam , Muhammad Ateeq , Yong-Zhong Liu

This study examined the effects of red, yellow, green, and blue 40–60% shade nets on carotenoid accumulation in the peel of 'Newhall' navel oranges over two seasons. The results indicated that the green 60% shade net significantly enhanced carotenoid accumulation, whereas the red 60% shade net reduced it compared with the control during both shaded seasons. HPLC analysis further revealed that the green 60% shade net significantly elevated the levels of essential carotenoids, including α-carotene, β-carotene, phytoene, violaxanthin, and lutein. In contrast, the red 60% shade net showed lower levels of these compounds than the open field. Both the green and red 60% shade nets effectively reduced temperature and light intensity while increasing relative humidity (RH). However, photosystem II (PSII) efficiency was superior under green 60% compared to red 60%, indicating optimal photosynthetic performance. The results suggest that variations in the color spectrum directly affect photochemical efficiency in citrus. Furthermore, green 60% increased carotenoid biosynthesis genes (CitPSY, CitLCYB1, and CitLCYBE) while downregulating degradation-related genes (CitCCD4 and CitNCED3), whereas red 60% exhibited the inverse effect. Moreover, the differential expression patterns were particularly evident in the second season, with CitPSY exhibiting maximal induction under green 60% and CitCCD4 reaching its peak under red 60% throughout all shading stages. These results underscore the potential of green 60% as an innovative, environmentally sustainable approach for citrus orchards, as it enhances the quality and coloration of citrus fruits by managing environmental and light conditions, thereby regulating the fundamental mechanisms of fruit color and quality.

本研究考察了红、黄、绿、蓝四种40-60%遮光网对“纽霍尔”脐橙果皮中类胡萝卜素积累的影响。结果表明，在两个遮荫季节，绿色60%遮荫网显著促进了类胡萝卜素的积累，而红色60%遮荫网则显著减少了类胡萝卜素的积累。高效液相色谱分析进一步表明，绿色60%遮荫网显著提高了必需类胡萝卜素的水平，包括α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、植物烯、紫黄质和叶黄素。相比之下，红色的60%遮荫网显示这些化合物的含量低于开阔地。绿色和红色60%遮阳网都能有效降低温度和光照强度，同时增加相对湿度。而在60%的绿色条件下，光合系统II （PSII）效率高于60%的红色条件，表明光合性能最佳。结果表明，光谱的变化直接影响柑橘的光化学效率。此外，绿色60%增加了类胡萝卜素生物合成基因（CitPSY、CitLCYB1和CitLCYBE），同时下调了降解相关基因（CitCCD4和CitNCED3），而红色60%则表现出相反的作用。此外，第二季差异表达模式尤为明显，在所有遮阳阶段，CitPSY在绿色60%下诱导最大，而CitCCD4在红色60%下达到峰值。这些结果强调了绿色60%作为一种创新的、环境可持续的柑橘果园方法的潜力，因为它通过管理环境和光照条件来提高柑橘水果的质量和颜色，从而调节水果颜色和质量的基本机制。

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引用次数: 0

Combined “omics” and physiological approaches highlight the roles of the GABA shunt and mitochondria-related functions in rice seed longevity 结合“组学”和生理学方法，强调GABA分流和线粒体相关功能在水稻种子寿命中的作用

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111094

Julia Zinsmeister , Naoto Sano , Imen Lounifi , Steven P.C. Groot , Dongli He , Mathilde Lagesse , Sandrine Balzergue , Stéphanie Huguet , Romain Huguet , Boris Collet , Gwendal Cueff , Gilles Clément , Loïc Rajjou , Marc Galland

In the context of global warming, the ability of seeds to withstand higher temperatures and humidity during dry storage is critical to maintain food production. Seed longevity, also referred to as storability, is therefore an essential trait. As a major staple crop, rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been widely studied to identify the genetic determinants of seed longevity, primarily through QTL mapping and molecular analyses. However, integrated multi-omics data remain limited, especially compared to advances made for other seed physiological features (e.g., dry quiescence, germination). This study investigates the molecular determinants of rice seed longevity under varying storage conditions using controlled deterioration treatments (CDTs) at 25 °C (no deterioration), 40 °C (reduction of germination speed and uniformity) and 45 °C (loss of germinative capacity) under high relative humidity. Through physiological characterizationand multi-omics analyses, we identified key metabolic pathways and genetic factors associated with seed aging. By integrating transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data, we pinpointed specific pathways critical to seed viability loss. CDTs revealed that only a small number of genes and proteins are significantly affected. In particular, our results highlight a major impact of CDTs on the GABA shunt and mitochondrial factors as the DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 9. Altogether, this work opens the way for in-depth functional studies on a small number of mitochondria-related genes involved in rice seed longevity.

在全球变暖的背景下，种子在干燥储存期间承受更高温度和湿度的能力对维持粮食生产至关重要。因此，种子的寿命，也被称为可储存性，是一个重要的特性。水稻作为一种主要的主粮作物，主要通过QTL定位和分子分析来确定种子寿命的遗传决定因素。然而，整合的多组学数据仍然有限，特别是与其他种子生理特征（如干静止、发芽）的进展相比。本研究采用控制变质处理（CDTs），在25°C（不变质）、40°C（降低发芽速度和均匀性）和45°C（失去发芽能力）的高相对湿度条件下，研究不同储存条件下水稻种子寿命的分子决定因素。通过生理特征和多组学分析，我们确定了与种子老化相关的关键代谢途径和遗传因素。通过整合转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学数据，我们确定了对种子活力丧失至关重要的特定途径。CDTs显示，只有少数基因和蛋白质受到显著影响。特别是，我们的研究结果强调了CDTs对GABA分流和线粒体因子（DEAD-box atp依赖的RNA解旋酶9）的主要影响。总之，这项工作为深入研究与水稻种子寿命有关的少数线粒体相关基因开辟了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Light boosts cell proliferation and astaxanthin accumulation in nitrogen-starved Chromochloris zofingiensis via TOR signaling pathway 光通过TOR信号通路促进氮饥渴的佐青绿叶绿体细胞增殖和虾青素积累。

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111059

Min Gao , Shiqing Jia , Ziyu Chang , Rudan Xue , Congzhen Yan , Zihan Meng , Wenya Gong , Shuang Sun , Han Sun , Baohua Zhao , Zhao Zhang

Light is a crucial regulatory factor for astaxanthin biosynthesis in microalgae under non-stress and abiotic stresses. However, its physiological impacts, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathway remain unclear. The present study showed that light could significantly promote the cell proliferation, nitrogen redistribution and astaxanthin accumulation via Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway under nitrogen starvation condition. Compared with the dark condition, the cell density, protein content, astaxanthin content and TOR activity increased by 22 %, 100 %, 136 % and 335 % under 200 μmol m² s⁻¹ light intensity. But the above induction effects were significantly impaired by the inhibition of the TOR signaling pathway. Interestingly, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was not positive regulator in light-induced astaxanthin accumulation, as it was decreased by light under nitrogen starvation condition. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that TOR-mediated light exposure upregulated the expression of key genes involved in energy production pathways, as well as carotenoid biosynthesis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified genes such as MYB3R and bZIP as potential key regulatory genes downstream of TOR, contributing to high light-induced cell proliferation and carotenoid production. The whole-genome DNA methylation analysis suggested that TOR was involved in the suppression of global DNA methylation under high light, potentially facilitating gene expression. This study emphasized the regulatory mechanisms of TOR mediated light-induced astaxanthin accumulation, providing theoretical basis and induction strategy for astaxanthin production.

光是微藻在非胁迫和非生物胁迫下虾青素合成的重要调控因子。然而，其生理作用、分子机制和信号通路尚不清楚。本研究表明，在氮饥饿条件下，光可通过Rapamycin靶蛋白（Target of Rapamycin， TOR）信号通路显著促进细胞增殖、氮再分配和虾青素积累。与暗处理相比，200 μmol m2 s-1光强下，细胞密度、蛋白质含量、虾青素含量和TOR活性分别提高了22%、100%、136%和335%。但上述诱导作用因抑制TOR信号通路而明显减弱。有趣的是，活性氧（ROS）水平不是光诱导虾青素积累的正调节因子，在氮饥饿条件下，活性氧水平降低。比较转录组分析显示，tor介导的光暴露上调了参与能量产生途径和类胡萝卜素生物合成的关键基因的表达。加权基因共表达网络分析发现，MYB3R和bZIP等基因是TOR下游潜在的关键调控基因，参与高光诱导细胞增殖和类胡萝卜素的产生。全基因组DNA甲基化分析表明，TOR参与了强光下整体DNA甲基化的抑制，可能促进基因表达。本研究强调了TOR介导光诱导虾青素积累的调控机制，为虾青素的产生提供了理论依据和诱导策略。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses identified key genes for carotenoid metabolic variation in Petunia and Calibrachoa 比较转录组和代谢组分析确定了矮牵牛和calibrhoa类胡萝卜素代谢变异的关键基因。

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111051

Guanqun Chen , Junyan Song , Yuanshan Zhang , Xiaohui Shen , Junsong Pan , Jian Pan

Carotenoids are widely distributed pigments that confer yellow and orange hues in flowers and fruits. Petunia hybrida and Calibrachoa hybrida, two closely related ornamental species, display distinct yellow flower pigmentation patterns. We developed a new Petunia inbred line '1408' (Pet-Yel) with vibrant yellow corollas, although they remained lighter than those of the deep-yellow Calibrachoa hybrid line '821H3' (Cal-Yel). In this study, we investigated the molecular and metabolic basis underlying yellow corolla coloration between them. By pair comparison of carotenoid metabolites between white and yellow corollas in each species, the formation of yellow corollas was primarily due to a significant increase in the levels of phytoene, β-carotene and violaxanthin. Esterified xanthophylls were notably enriched in Cal-Yel, suggesting enhanced xanthophyll esterification and improved pigment stability. To explore the underlying genetic mechanisms, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of Cal-Yel and conducted comparative analyses with published Petunia genome assemblies. Cal-Yel exhibited fewer gene copies in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway but showed higher expression of key genes including PSY1-1, BCH1, and XES1, consistent with its elevated carotenoid accumulation. Notably, BCH1 and BCH2 exhibited completely opposite expression patterns between the two yellow varieties, and ChBCH1 was identified as a potential key regulator. Functional validation via transgenic overexpression of ChBCH1 in Petunia resulted in a significant increase in zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin content and enhanced yellow pigmentation. These results suggest that distinct transcriptional regulatory networks and enzymatic activities underlie the yellow pigmentation in Petunia and Calibrachoa. Our findings provide new insights into carotenoid metabolism and offer genetic resources for the molecular breeding of yellow-flowered ornamental plants.

类胡萝卜素是一种广泛分布的色素，使花和水果呈现黄色和橙色。矮牵牛（Petunia hybrida）和菖蒲（calibrhoa hybrida）是两个亲缘关系较近的观赏植物，具有明显的黄色花色素图案。我们开发了一种新的矮牵牛自交系‘1408’ （Pet-Yel），它的花冠是鲜艳的黄色，尽管它们比深黄色的Calibrachoa杂交系‘821H3’ （Cal-Yel）的花冠要浅。在这项研究中，我们研究了它们之间黄色花冠颜色的分子和代谢基础。通过对各种属白色花冠和黄色花冠类胡萝卜素代谢产物的配对比较，发现黄色花冠的形成主要是由于植物烯、β-胡萝卜素和紫黄质含量的显著增加。经酯化的叶黄素在Cal-Yel中显著富集，表明叶黄素酯化反应增强，色素稳定性提高。为了探索潜在的遗传机制，我们对Cal-Yel进行了从头转录组测序，并与已发表的矮牵牛基因组序列进行了比较分析。Cal-Yel在类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中基因拷贝数较少，但关键基因PSY1-1、BCH1和XES1的表达量较高，与类胡萝卜素积累增加一致。值得注意的是，BCH1和BCH2在两个黄色品种中表现出完全相反的表达模式，ChBCH1被确定为潜在的关键调控因子。通过转基因过表达ChBCH1在矮牵牛花中的功能验证，玉米黄质和β-隐黄质含量显著增加，黄色色素沉积增强。这些结果表明，不同的转录调控网络和酶活性是牵牛花和calibrhoa黄色素沉着的基础。本研究结果为黄花观赏植物类胡萝卜素代谢提供了新的认识，并为黄花观赏植物分子育种提供了遗传资源。

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引用次数: 0

GmFIP37, a core m6A methyltransferase in soybean (Glycine max), confers salt and drought tolerance via synergistic regulation of m6A modification and antioxidant-osmolyte homeostasis GmFIP37是大豆（Glycine max）的核心m6A甲基转移酶，通过协同调节m6A修饰和抗氧化渗透体内平衡，赋予大豆耐盐和耐旱性

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111082

Peng Chen, Xu Wang, Meiling Qu, Caijin Wang, Dengjie Luo

RNA N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification, the most abundant epigenetic modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, regulates gene expression via modulating mRNA translation, degradation, and other post-transcriptional processes, and is critical for plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. Soybean (Glycine max), a globally vital food and oil crop, suffers severe yield and quality losses under salt and drought stresses; however, the functions of m⁶A regulatory genes, especially methyltransferases, in soybean abiotic stress responses remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, four GmFIP37 genes were identified in the soybean genome. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that GmFIP37 proteins have conserved physicochemical properties, harbor the core WTAP functional domain, and their promoters contain abundant abiotic stress-responsive cis-acting elements. Expression pattern analysis showed GmFIP37 are ubiquitously expressed across soybean tissues (with the highest expression in stems and roots) and are rapidly induced under salt and PEG (drought-mimic) stresses. Subcellular localization assays confirmed GmFIP37 localizes to the nucleus. Functional validation demonstrated that heterologous expression of GmFIP37c in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INVSc1 significantly enhanced yeast tolerance to salt and drought stresses. Overexpression of GmFIP37c in soybean hairy root composite plants increased total root m⁶A content, improved growth traits (e.g., root length, root surface area, plant height), and enhanced salt tolerance via increasing antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD) activities and osmolyte (proline, betaine) contents while reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Conversely, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GmFIP37c in soybean reduced salt and drought tolerance. Additionally, heterologous overexpression of GmFIP37c in Arabidopsis thaliana promoted seedling growth and improved tolerance to both stresses. Collectively, our findings indicate that GmFIP37 acts as a key component of the soybean m⁶A methyltransferase complex and positively regulates soybean responses to salt and drought stresses by modulating m⁶A modification. This study provides novel insights into the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying soybean abiotic stress tolerance and lays a foundation for the genetic improvement of stress-resistant soybean varieties.

RNA n6 -甲基腺苷修饰（m6A）是真核RNA中最丰富的表观遗传修饰，通过调节mRNA的翻译、降解和其他转录后过程来调节基因表达，对植物的生长发育和非生物胁迫应答至关重要。大豆（Glycine max）是全球重要的粮食和油料作物，在盐和干旱胁迫下遭受严重的产量和质量损失；然而，m6A调控基因，特别是甲基转移酶在大豆非生物胁迫反应中的功能在很大程度上仍未被明确。本研究在大豆基因组中鉴定了4个GmFIP37基因。生物信息学分析表明，GmFIP37蛋白具有保守的物理化学性质，具有核心WTAP功能域，其启动子含有丰富的非生物应激响应顺式作用元件。表达模式分析表明，GmFIP37在大豆组织中普遍表达（茎和根中表达量最高），并在盐和PEG（干旱模拟）胁迫下被快速诱导。亚细胞定位实验证实GmFIP37定位于细胞核。功能验证表明，GmFIP37c在酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）菌株INVSc1中的异源表达显著增强了酵母对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的耐受性。GmFIP37c在大豆毛状根复合植株中过表达，通过提高抗氧化酶（SOD、POD）活性和渗透物（脯氨酸、甜菜碱）含量，减少活性氧（ROS）积累，提高了根总m6A含量，改善了根长、根表面积、株高等生长性状，增强了耐盐性。相反，病毒诱导的GmFIP37c基因沉默（VIGS）降低了大豆的耐盐性和耐旱性。此外，GmFIP37c在拟南芥中的异源过表达促进了幼苗的生长，提高了对这两种胁迫的耐受性。总之，我们的研究结果表明，GmFIP37作为大豆m6A甲基转移酶复合物的关键组分，通过调节m6A修饰，积极调节大豆对盐和干旱胁迫的反应。本研究为大豆非生物抗逆性的表观遗传调控机制提供了新的认识，为大豆抗逆性品种的遗传改良奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering the potential of biocontrol agents for managing mycotoxin in chickpea: Mechanistic insights and functional dynamics 解读控制鹰嘴豆霉菌毒素的生物防治剂的潜力：机理和功能动力学

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111070

Satyam Rastogi , Sonal Srivastava , Akhand P. Singh , Srishti Kar , Shashank Kumar Mishra , Sumit Yadav , Poonam C. Singh , Sandip Kumar Behera , Suchi Srivastava

Plants are constantly exposed to wide variety of soil-borne phytopathogens, with Fusarium oxysporum being a major obstacle to crop productivity. Conventional control methods primarily rely on fumigants and chemical pesticides, which disrupt soil microbial communities and the ecosystem balance. When pathogens infect, plants activate stress responses such as strengthening of cell walls, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and production of antimicrobial compounds, often through metabolic reprogramming. Given the limitations of chemical pesticides and the soil-borne nature of the pathogen, this study investigates the mechanism of biocontrol agents (BCAs) as a sustainable strategy for managing Fusarium wilt in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Two BCAs, Paenibacillus lentimorbus (NBRI-CHM12) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (NBRI-SN13), were tested for their antagonistic effects against F. oxysporum. Their effectiveness was evaluated under both greenhouse and microplot conditions to understand their role in disease suppression. Metabolomic analysis of chickpea plants identified specific saccharide derivatives linked to each BCA. CHM12 was associated with fructose, glucose, galactose, ribofuranose, glucopyranoside, xylopyranose, malic acid, arabitol, ribitol, hexadecanoic acid, and oleic acid; while, SN13 was linked with mannose, xylofuranose, sorbopyranose, glucopyranoside, galactopyranoside, xylitol, and trimethyl ester of glucitol. These findings indicate different defense mechanisms activated by each BCA. Both BCAs modulated cell wall hydrolases and antioxidant systems, improved soil microbial health, and notably decreased Fusarium-associated zearalenone levels in seeds by 77.3 % (CHM12) and 77.5 % (SN13) under greenhouse conditions. Overall, the results revealed the distinct pathways by which P. lentimorbus and B. amyloliquefaciens work and demonstrated their potential as biopesticides for sustainable control of Fusarium wilt in chickpea.

植物不断暴露于各种土壤传播的植物病原体，其中尖孢镰刀菌是作物生产力的主要障碍。传统的防治方法主要依赖于熏蒸剂和化学农药，这会破坏土壤微生物群落和生态系统平衡。当病原体感染时，植物激活应激反应，如细胞壁的强化、活性氧的调节和抗菌化合物的产生，通常通过代谢重编程。鉴于化学农药的局限性和病原菌的土传性，本研究探讨了生物防治剂（bca）作为治理鹰嘴豆枯萎病（Cicer arietinum）可持续策略的机制。以慢芽孢杆菌（Paenibacillus lentimorbus, NBRI-CHM12）和解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus olimilquefaciens, NBRI-SN13）两种bcaas对尖孢梭菌（F. oxysporum）的拮抗作用进行了研究。在温室和小田条件下评估了它们的有效性，以了解它们在疾病抑制中的作用。鹰嘴豆植物的代谢组学分析鉴定了与每种BCA相关的特定糖类衍生物。CHM12与果糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、核呋喃糖、葡萄糖苷、木吡喃糖、苹果酸、阿拉伯糖醇、梨糖醇、十六烷酸和油酸相关；SN13与甘露糖、木糖呋喃糖、山梨糖吡喃糖、葡萄糖吡喃苷、半乳糖吡喃苷、木糖醇和葡萄糖醇三甲酯相连。这些发现表明每种BCA激活的防御机制不同。在温室条件下，两种bca均可调节细胞壁水解酶和抗氧化系统，改善土壤微生物健康，并显著降低种子中镰刀菌相关的玉米赤霉烯酮水平，分别降低了77.3% （CHM12）和77.5% （SN13）。总的来说，研究结果揭示了慢孢镰刀菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌发挥作用的不同途径，并证明了它们作为生物农药可持续控制鹰嘴豆枯萎病的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Ectopic overexpression of CpFT from ‘Manaohong’ cherry: Promoting floral induction and floral organ development in tobacco under rain shelter cultivation ‘玛瑙红’樱桃CpFT异位过表达：促进烟草在雨棚栽培下的花诱导和花器官发育

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111078

Tao Tang , Jinyu Wu , Juan Fu , Yuqing Wang , Guang Qiao , Yi Hong , Tian Tian

The Flowering locus T (FT) is pivotal in integrating photoperiod signals to regulate plant floral transition and flowering. The FT protein is generally synthesized in leaves and translocated to the shoot apical meristem, where it interacts with FD to initiate flowering. Light intensity as a component of photoperiod signaling and a dynamically fluctuating factor in field light environments, however, the molecular mechanisms by which FT integrates changes in light intensity to regulate flowering in Chinese cherry remain unclear. Morphological analysis of flower buds and electron microscopic examination of pollen structures demonstrated that rain shelter (RS) extended the flowering period and enhanced the quantity and quality of flower buds. The expression levels of CpFT and CpFD genes were significantly up-regulated in various tissues under RS in the field. Based on these findings, it is hypothesized that FT exhibits a distinct response mechanism to changes in the light environment, thereby facilitating the regulation of floral induction under low-light conditions. Subsequently, plasmid recombination was carried out using seamless cloning technology, and tobacco was genetically transformed through leaf disc transformation. In addition, the ectopic overexpression of CpFT in tobacco promoted the expression of floral induction key genes, leading to the flowering time being advanced by 5–8 days, increased the number of flower buds and lateral buds, and staining rate increased by 58 % and the germination rate rose by 7 times. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and luciferase complementation assays confirmed the interaction between CpFT and CpFD. Combined with field observations of the ‘Manaohong’ cherry, these findings revealed that CpFT and CpFD constitute a signaling module in response to light intensity. This module positively regulates reproductive transitions and flowering time in cherries under low-light conditions, serving as a valuable reference for supplementing FT and FD to regulate floral induction in response to changes in the light environment.

开花位点T （flower locus T， FT）是整合光周期信号调控植物成花转变和开花的关键。FT蛋白通常在叶片中合成，并转运到茎尖分生组织，在那里它与FD相互作用，启动开花。光强作为光周期信号的一个组成部分，在田间光环境中是一个动态波动的因子，然而，FT整合光强变化调控中国樱桃开花的分子机制尚不清楚。花蕾形态分析和花粉结构电镜分析表明，遮阳棚延长了花期，提高了花蕾的数量和质量。田间RS处理下，CpFT和CpFD基因在各组织中的表达水平均显著上调。基于这些发现，我们假设FT对光环境的变化表现出独特的响应机制，从而促进了弱光条件下花诱导的调节。随后，利用无缝克隆技术进行质粒重组，通过叶片转化对烟草进行遗传转化。此外，CpFT在烟草中的异位过表达促进了花诱导关键基因的表达，导致开花时间提前5-8天，花芽和侧芽数量增加，染色率提高58%，发芽率提高7倍。此外，酵母双杂交和荧光素酶互补实验证实了CpFT和CpFD之间的相互作用。结合田间观察，这些发现表明CpFT和CpFD构成了一个响应光强的信号模块。该模块正向调节弱光条件下樱桃的生殖过渡和开花时间，为补充FT和FD调节花诱导响应光环境变化提供了有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Cytological and metabolic mechanisms underlying grapevine resistance to Coniella vitis 葡萄抗葡萄锥虫的细胞学和代谢机制

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111063

Yuwei Li , Chunyao Cui , Xiukai Zhang , Weile Lei , Junying Wang , Xiping Wang , Zhi Li

Grape white rot caused by Coniella species is one of the most serious fungal diseases of grape, leading to yield losses and quality reduction. Utilizing or breeding white rot–resistant grapevine is an important disease management strategy. This study evaluated the Coniella vitis resistance of 53 grape genotypes from 13 grape species and two interspecific hybrids. Most genotypes were susceptible, and disease resistance did not depend on grape species. No correlation was found between the C. vitis resistance of grape fruit and leaves. The resistant genotype ‘Shine Muscat’ and susceptible genotype ‘Manicure Finger’ were selected for cytological and metabolic studies. Compared with the susceptible genotype ‘Manicure Finger,’ the resistant genotype ‘Shine Muscat’ exhibited lower conidial germination rates and fewer infective hyphae in its leaf and berry tissues after inoculation with C. vitis as revealed by microscopy observation. After inoculation with C. vitis, the susceptible grape genotype showed higher H₂O₂ content in its leaf and berry tissues than the resistant grape genotype. Polyphenolic metabolites substantially accumulated in the berries of the susceptible genotype ‘Manicure Finger.’ Protocatechuic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and hyperoside significantly inhibited the conidial germination of C. vitis in a concentration-independent manner and exhibited a significant control effect on the white rot in grape leaves and berries. The findings of this work lay the foundation for breeding C. vitis–resistant grapes and enhance the understanding of the defense responses to C. vitis in different grape varieties.

葡萄白腐病是葡萄最严重的真菌病害之一，造成葡萄产量损失和品质下降。利用或培育抗白腐葡萄是重要的病害管理策略。本研究对来自13个葡萄品种的53个葡萄基因型和2个种间杂交品种的葡萄小锥虫抗性进行了评价。大多数基因型都是易感的，抗病不依赖于葡萄品种。结果表明，葡萄果实与叶片抗葡萄球菌性无相关性。选择耐药基因型“Shine Muscat”和易感基因型“Manicure Finger”进行细胞学和代谢研究。与敏感基因型“Manicure Finger”相比，抗性基因型“Shine Muscat”在接种葡萄球菌后，其叶片和浆果组织的分生孢子萌发率较低，感染菌丝较少。接种葡萄球菌后，易感基因型葡萄叶片和果实组织中H2O2含量高于抗性基因型。多酚代谢物在敏感基因型“美甲手指”的浆果中大量积累。原儿茶酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素和金丝桃苷均以浓度无关的方式显著抑制葡萄葡萄孢子萌发，并对葡萄叶和果实的白腐病有显著的防治作用。本研究结果为选育葡萄抗葡萄球菌奠定了基础，提高了对不同葡萄品种对葡萄球菌防御反应的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Biosynthesis of volatile sesquiterpenoid active components in Nekemias grossedentata (Vine Tea) roots 茶树根挥发性倍半萜类活性成分的生物合成

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111055

Ben Deng , Rensen Yuan , Yingmei Wu , Yunluo Zhang , Guanqiong Yan , Chong Yuan , Zhen Yan , Fangyuan Xiang , Miyuan Tian , Yifei Liu , Bisheng Huang , Xingyao Xiong , Junbo Gou

Vine tea (Nekemias grossedentata), a medicinal and edible plant, produces volatile sesquiterpenoids that remain underexplored despite their important roles in ecological adaptation and bioactive compound synthesis. While volatile sesquiterpenoids are well-established as key contributors to aroma, defense, and therapeutic properties in other plants, their biosynthetic pathways in vine tea are poorly characterized. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic investigation integrating multi-omics analyses and functional genomics. Metabolic profiling revealed a root-specific accumulation pattern for volatile sesquiterpenoids. Genome-wide identification uncovered 84 terpene synthase (NgTPS) genes, with family expansion primarily driven by tandem duplications. We functionally characterized ten NgTPS genes through heterologous expression in yeast and in vitro enzymatic assays using purified proteins. These enzymes collectively produced 23 sesquiterpenoids and 5 monoterpenes, several of which are known fragrance contributors. Furthermore, we achieved de novo synthesis of these volatile sesquiterpenoids in the high-terpene-yielding yeast chassis EPY300, with shake-flask titers reaching 3.00–21.51 mg L⁻¹. This work establishes a foundation for elucidating the biosynthetic pathways of volatile sesquiterpenoids in vine tea and for harnessing these compounds in food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications.

藤茶（Nekemias grossedentata）是一种药用和食用植物，其产生的挥发性倍半萜类化合物在生态适应和生物活性化合物合成中发挥着重要作用，但尚未得到充分开发。虽然挥发性倍半萜在其他植物中被公认为是香气、防御和治疗特性的关键贡献者，但它们在藤茶中的生物合成途径却鲜为人知。为了解决这一差距，我们进行了系统的研究，整合了多组学分析和功能基因组学。代谢分析揭示了挥发性倍半萜类化合物的根特异性积累模式。全基因组鉴定发现了84个萜烯合成酶（NgTPS）基因，其家族扩展主要由串联重复驱动。我们通过酵母的外源表达和纯化蛋白的体外酶分析，对10个NgTPS基因进行了功能表征。这些酶共同产生23种倍半萜和5种单萜，其中一些是已知的香味贡献者。此外，我们在高萜烯产率酵母基质EPY300中实现了这些挥发性倍半萜的重新合成，摇瓶滴度达到3.00-21.51 mg L−1。本研究为阐明茶树中挥发性倍半萜类化合物的生物合成途径以及在食品、医药和农业应用中利用这些化合物奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering the unique selenocystathionine metabolism of the hyperaccumulator Neptunia amplexicaulis 解译高蓄积体大鼠独特的硒代半胱甘氨酸代谢

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111091

Maggie-Anne Harvey , Antony van der Ent , Jason K. Kirby , Jemma I. Virtue , Clinton J. Kidman , James H. Lovett , Peter D. Erskine , Hugh H. Harris

•
The legume Neptunia amplexicaulis, endemic to a small area in Central Queensland (Australia), is one of the strongest selenium hyperaccumulator plants known on Earth. This research aimed to examine the chemical speciation of selenium in this species to gain better understanding of the mechanism(s) of selenium tolerance in plant species for potential biofortification, bioremediation and pharmaceutical applications.
•
Neptunia amplexicaulis and the comparative non-accumulator Neptunia heliophila were exposed to selenate (SeO₄²⁻) and selenite (SeO₃²⁻) and analysed using a combination of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence techniques and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS).
•
The study findings shows that selenocystathionine is the dominant chemical species of selenium in N. amplexicaulis. Minor amounts of selenate were found in the stems, while elemental selenium was identified in the roots.
•
The accumulation of selenium in N. amplexicaulis organs differs from other selenium hyperaccumulators from the USA, in which methylselenocysteine dominates. Inorganic and elemental selenium play a fundamental role in hyperaccumulation, and their chemical analysis is highly challenging, but a combination of in situ and hyphenated techniques has proven to be powerful to unequivocally determine prevailing selenium chemical species in plant organs.

•豆科植物Neptunia amplexicaulis是澳大利亚昆士兰州中部一个小地区的特有植物，是地球上已知的最强硒超积累植物之一。本研究旨在研究植物中硒的化学形态，以更好地了解植物对硒的耐受性机制，为潜在的生物强化、生物修复和制药应用提供依据。•将扩增海王星和非积累海王星分别暴露于硒酸盐（SeO42−）和亚硒酸盐（SeO32−）中，并使用基于同步加速器的x射线荧光技术和高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）和液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS）进行分析。•研究结果表明，硒代半胱甘氨酸是大叶茅中硒的优势化学物质。在茎中发现了少量的硒酸盐，而在根中发现了元素硒。•大叶藻器官中硒的积累不同于其他来自美国的硒高积累体，其中甲基硒半胱氨酸占主导地位。无机硒和元素硒在超富集中起着重要作用，它们的化学分析具有很高的挑战性，但原位和联用技术的结合已被证明是明确确定植物器官中主要硒化学种类的有力方法。

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引用次数: 0