Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献_第6页

OsPIN9 modulates auxin homeostasis to optimize root system architecture in rice OsPIN9调控水稻生长素稳态优化根系结构。

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111176

Jintao Li , Tingyan He , Danyang Lu , Luting Li , Yuna Yang , Fengjuan Zhang , Xinyi Zhu , Ruotong Jia , Zihua Wang , Liqing Jing , Shengli Jing , Hongyu Yuan , Shengyuan Sun , Haiyan Fan

The auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) family is pivotal for generating asymmetric auxin distribution that orchestrates plant root development. While the monocot-specific OsPIN9 has been implicated in tillering and stress responses, its precise role in early root development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that OsPIN9 functions at the plasma membrane to maintain optimal auxin levels for root system architecture in rice. We confirmed its plasma membrane localization using a GFP fusion within the central hydrophilic loop, minimizing functional interference. Intriguingly, both knockout and overexpression of OsPIN9 resulted in similar defective phenotypes, including shorter roots and reduced crown and lateral roots. These defects were partially rescued by exogenous auxin, and overexpression lines exhibited resistance to the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Furthermore, independent OsPIN9-GFP lines reproduced the overexpression phenotypes. Additionally, transcriptomic profiling revealed that loss of OsPIN9 function alters the expression of key genes involved in auxin transport and biosynthesis, providing a molecular basis for the disturbed auxin homeostasis underlying the root defects. Our findings define OsPIN9-mediated polar auxin transport as being essential for auxin homeostasis, thereby orchestrating the establishment of the root system in early seedlings.

生长素外排载体PIN- formed （PIN - formed）家族在生长素不对称分布和植物根系发育中起着关键作用。虽然单株特异性的OsPIN9与分蘖和胁迫反应有关，但其在早期根系发育中的确切作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们证明了OsPIN9在质膜上发挥作用，以维持水稻根系结构的最佳生长素水平。我们在中心亲水环内使用GFP融合确认了其质膜定位，最大限度地减少了功能干扰。有趣的是，敲除和过表达OsPIN9都会导致类似的缺陷表型，包括根变短、冠和侧根减少。这些缺陷被外源生长素部分修复，并且过表达系对生长素运输抑制剂n -1-萘酞酸（NPA）表现出抗性。此外，独立的OsPIN9-GFP系再现了过表达表型。此外，转录组学分析显示，OsPIN9功能的丧失改变了参与生长素运输和生物合成的关键基因的表达，为根系缺陷背后的生长素稳态紊乱提供了分子基础。我们的研究结果确定了ospin9介导的生长素极性运输对生长素稳态至关重要，从而协调了早期幼苗根系的建立。

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引用次数: 0

Soil compaction impairs cotton growth and photosynthetic performance even under non-limiting water and nutrient conditions 即使在不限制水分和养分的条件下，土壤压实也会损害棉花的生长和光合性能。

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111064

Camila P. Cagna , Cássio A. Tormena , Renan Falcioni , Fabio R. Echer , Olanrewaju H. Ologunde , Marcio R. Nunes , Werner C. Antunes

Soil compaction represents a critical limitation to global agricultural productivity, yet how its direct effects plant physiological processes remain insufficiently understood. This study assessed how increasing levels of soil compaction influence the physiological performance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) under controlled environmental conditions. Three degrees of compaction (DC) were considered: Control – 75% of the maximum soil bulk density (Bd = 1.52 Mg m⁻³, non-compacted), DC85 (Bd = 1.66 Mg m⁻³) and DC95 (Bd = 1.78 Mg m⁻³) corresponded to intermediate and high compaction levels, representing 85% and 95% of the soil's maximum bulk density, respectively. Increasing compaction significantly reduced plant growth and leaf area. Photosynthesis was suppressed due to stomatal closure, which limited CO₂ diffusion into mesophyll tissue, and was accompanied by decreased photochemical and carboxylation efficiencies. Soil compaction promotes on cotton plants increased thermal energy dissipation, reduced electron transport efficiency between Q_A and Q_B, and altered chloroplast ultrastructure, including the number of chloroplasts and organization of thylakoid lamellae. These changes impaired light harvesting and CO₂ fixation. Additionally, high compaction levels led to increased leaf reflectance and reduced sugar content, indicating compromised source activity, although no direct evidence of end-product feedback inhibition was observed. Overall, soil compaction negatively affected photosynthetic performance at multiple levels, morphological, anatomical, biochemical, and photochemical, culminating in reduced carbon assimilation and biomass accumulation in cotton. These findings highlight the critical role of maintaining adequate soil physical conditions to ensure optimal photosynthetic function and crop performance.

土壤压实是全球农业生产力的一个重要限制因素，但其对植物生理过程的直接影响尚不清楚。本研究评估了在受控环境条件下，土壤压实程度的增加对棉花生理性能的影响。考虑了三种压实度（DC）：控制-最大土壤容重的75% （Bd = 1.52 Mg m-3，未压实），DC85 （Bd = 1.66 Mg m-3）和DC95 （Bd = 1.78 Mg m-3）对应于中等和高压实水平，分别占土壤最大容重的85%和95%。增加压实显著降低植物生长和叶面积。由于气孔关闭，光合作用受到抑制，限制了CO2向叶肉组织的扩散，并伴有光化学和羧化效率的降低。土壤压实导致棉花植株热能耗散增加，QA和QB之间的电子传递效率降低，叶绿体超微结构发生改变，包括叶绿体数量和类囊体片层组织。这些变化削弱了光的收集和二氧化碳的固定。此外，高压实水平导致叶片反射率增加和糖含量降低，表明源活性受损，尽管没有观察到最终产物反馈抑制的直接证据。总体而言，土壤压实在形态、解剖、生化和光化学等多个层面对棉花光合性能产生负面影响，最终导致棉花碳同化和生物量积累减少。这些发现强调了维持适当的土壤物理条件对确保最佳光合功能和作物性能的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

The slow-type anion channel PcSLAH3 from the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum is involved in Cl− transport and Cl−/Na+ homeostasis under saline condition 旱生植物角草的慢型阴离子通道PcSLAH3参与了生理盐水条件下Cl -转运和Cl - /Na+的体内平衡

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111135

Mei-Mei Cai , Peng-Fei Ren , Li Wei , Yan-Nong Cui , Pei Wang , Qing Ma

The succulent xerophyte Pugionium cornutum efficiently translocates chloride ions (Cl⁻) absorbed by the roots to its shoots for osmotic adjustment under salt stress, a trait uncommon in most crops. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain further investigated. The slow-type anion channel AtSLAH3 is known to be involved in Cl⁻ transport from roots to shoots through its interaction with AtSLAH1 in Arabidopsis, but only under non-saline conditions. Here, we investigated the function of its homolog in P. cornutum, PcSLAH3, under saline conditions. The results showed that PcSLAH3, which encodes a plasma membrane-localized protein, was expressed predominantly in the stelar tissues of roots, and exhibited significantly upregulated transcript levels in roots under NaCl treatments. Interactions were observed between PcSLAH3 and PcSLAH1, PcSLAH3, and AtSLAH1, as well as AtSLAH3 and PcSLAH1, suggesting the conservation of the SLAH1−SLAH3 interaction between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant species. Heterologous expression of PcSLAH3 driven by a root stelar-specific promoter not only significantly increased the Cl⁻ concentration, but also increased the Na⁺ concentration in shoots of wild-type Arabidopsis or atslah3 mutant under salt treatment. This was accompanied by the upregulated expression of AtCLCg and AtNHX1, which mediate the vacuolar compartmentalization of these two ions. Notably, PcSLAH3 outperformed AtSLAH3 in promoting root-to-shoot Cl⁻ transport, potentially explaining the differences in Cl⁻ transport capacity between xerophytes and glycophytes. These findings demonstrate that PcSLAH3 participates in Cl⁻ transport from roots to shoots and is involved in regulating Cl⁻/Na⁺ homeostasis in shoots under saline conditions.

多肉旱生植物Pugionium cornutum在盐胁迫下能有效地将根系吸收的氯离子（Cl−）转运到茎部进行渗透调节，这在大多数作物中并不常见。然而，潜在的分子机制仍有待进一步研究。已知在拟南芥中，缓慢型阴离子通道AtSLAH3通过与AtSLAH1的相互作用参与Cl -从根到茎的运输，但仅在无盐条件下。在生理盐水条件下，我们研究了其同源基因PcSLAH3在羊角草中的功能。结果表明，编码质膜定位蛋白的PcSLAH3主要在根的星状组织中表达，在NaCl处理下，其在根中的转录水平显著上调。结果表明，PcSLAH3与PcSLAH1、PcSLAH3与AtSLAH1、AtSLAH3与PcSLAH1之间存在相互作用，表明盐敏感和耐盐物种之间存在SLAH1−SLAH3相互作用。由根恒星特异性启动子驱动的PcSLAH3的异源表达不仅显著提高了盐处理下野生型拟南芥或atslah3突变体芽部的Cl−浓度，还提高了Na+浓度。这伴随着AtCLCg和AtNHX1的上调表达，介导这两种离子的空泡区隔化。值得注意的是，PcSLAH3在促进根到茎的Cl -运输方面优于AtSLAH3，这可能解释了旱生植物和糖生植物之间Cl -运输能力的差异。这些研究结果表明，在盐碱条件下，PcSLAH3参与了Cl -从根到茎的运输，并参与调节茎中Cl - /Na+的稳态。

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引用次数: 0

Early Cd response and sequestration strategies in Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera elucidated by transcriptomic analysis 拟南芥对Cd的早期响应及吸收策略。经转录组学分析鉴定的双属植物

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111132

Christine Dwi A.P. Wiyono , Ryota Moriuchi , Shujun Wei , Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari , Chihiro Inoue , Mei-Fang Chien

Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera is a promising Cd phytoremediation agent, however, the metal uptake and accumulation mechanism remain poorly understood. This study focused on the 2-hours early responses associated with Cd uptake and temporary Cd retention in roots. To distinguish Cd-specific responses from shared divalent metal responses, transcriptomic analyses were performed on roots exposed to Cd compared to excess Zn. Cd exposure induced a clearly larger number of differentially expressed genes than higher concentration of Zn exposure, indicating a distinct early response to Cd. Genes encoding transporters such as PCR2, DTX1, PDR8, PDR12, CAX4, MHX1, and ABCC2 were highly upregulated during the early exposure phase. Cd retention in roots may be mediated by these transporters, which could contribute to Cd efflux into the apoplast or vacuolar sequestration. Further, genes involved in intracellular Cd chelation, including those encoding glutathione, HIPPs, and HMPs protein, were upregulated rather than genes encoding phytochelatins. Additionally, upregulation of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and remodeling was observed, suggesting a structural modification occurs during early Cd exposure, contributing to reinforcement and temporary Cd storage before translocation. This hypothesis is supported by increased lignification in root tissues and the accumulation of Cd in the apoplastic region, indicating that cell wall serves as sequestration site in A. halleri.

拟南芥赤豆属植物是一种很有前途的镉植物修复剂，但其金属吸收和积累机制尚不清楚。本研究的重点是2小时前根系对Cd吸收和暂时Cd保留的反应。为了区分Cd特异性反应和共享二价金属反应，对暴露于Cd和过量Zn的根进行了转录组学分析。Cd暴露诱导的差异表达基因数量明显高于Zn暴露，表明对Cd有明显的早期反应。编码转运体如PCR2、DTX1、PDR8、PDR12、CAX4、MHX1和ABCC2的基因在Cd暴露早期高度上调。镉在根中的滞留可能是由这些转运体介导的，这可能有助于镉外排到外质体或液泡隔离。此外，参与细胞内Cd螯合的基因，包括编码谷胱甘肽、HIPPs和HMPs蛋白的基因，比编码植物螯合蛋白的基因表达上调。此外，研究还观察到参与细胞壁生物合成和重塑的基因上调，这表明在早期Cd暴露期间发生了结构修饰，有助于在易位之前加强和暂时储存Cd。这一假设得到了根组织木质素化增加和外胞区Cd积累的支持，表明黄芪细胞壁起着固存作用。

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引用次数: 0

SlIAA9 mutation enhances tomato seed resilience to heat stress SlIAA9突变增强番茄种子耐热性

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111103

Bayu Pradana Nur Rahmat , Iqbal Fathurrahim Elfakhriano , Nono Carsono , Farida Damayanti , Syariful Mubarok , Hoshikawa Ken , Hiroshi Ezura , Seung Won Kang

Heat stress during seed germination represents a critical constraint to crop establishment, yet the hormonal and genetic mechanisms governing seed resilience to heat stress remains poorly understood. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the role of auxin signaling repressor SlIAA9 in regulating seed germination and responses to heat stress has not been defined. Here, we investigated how loss of function mutation in SlIAA9 affects seed resilience under high temperature and post stress recovery. Utilizing two SlIAA9 mutant lines (iaa9-5 and iaa9-3) and Wild-Type Micro-Tom tomatoes, we assessed germination behaviors, seed quality parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, and transcriptional responses during heat stress and recovery. Both mutants exhibited enhanced resilience to heat stress, with iaa9-5 maintaining high germination rate, normal seed and seedling qualities, and rapid post-stress recovery. This phenotype was associated with reduced accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂⁻ and elevated expression of antioxidant and heat-responsive genes. Heat stress triggered stronger induction of HSFA9 and HSP70 in the mutants, while dormancy associated abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes were suppressed and ethylene biosynthesis genes were upregulated during stress recovery. Together, these findings identify SlIAA9 as a negative regulator of seed resilience to heat stress and loss of SlIAA9 function enhances antioxidant capacity and heat-responsive transcriptional programs during germination and recovery. Highlighting SlIAA9 as a potential genetic target for improving seed resilience to heat stress.

种子萌发期间的热胁迫是作物生长的一个关键制约因素，但控制种子对热胁迫恢复能力的激素和遗传机制仍然知之甚少。在番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）中，生长素信号抑制因子SlIAA9在调节种子萌发和热胁迫反应中的作用尚未明确。在此，我们研究了SlIAA9的功能突变缺失如何影响种子在高温和胁迫后恢复下的抗逆性。利用两个SlIAA9突变系（iaa9-5和iaa9-3）和野生型微型番茄，研究了热胁迫和恢复过程中萌发行为、种子质量参数、活性氧（ROS）含量和转录反应。两种突变体均表现出较强的抗热能力，iaa9-5保持较高的发芽率、正常的种子和幼苗质量以及快速的胁迫后恢复。这种表型与H2O2和O2−积累减少以及抗氧化和热反应基因表达升高有关。热应激对突变体HSFA9和HSP70的诱导作用更强，而在应激恢复过程中，休眠相关的脱落酸（ABA）生物合成基因被抑制，乙烯生物合成基因上调。综上所述，这些发现确定了SlIAA9是种子对热胁迫恢复能力的负调控因子，并且SlIAA9功能的丧失增强了种子萌发和恢复过程中的抗氧化能力和热响应转录程序。强调SlIAA9是提高种子耐热性的潜在遗传靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Trade-offs between biomass and bioactive compounds in Silybum marianum under elevated CO2 and water deficit across genotypes 不同基因型水飞蓟在CO2升高和水分亏缺条件下生物量和生物活性物质的权衡

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111047

Shiba Samieadel, Hamid Reza Eshghizadeh, Morteza Zahedi, Mohammd Mahdi Majidi

Climate change, characterized by rising atmospheric CO₂ and increasing drought stress, significantly affects plant growth and metabolism. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum), valued for its silymarin-rich seeds, is an important medicinal plant sensitive to these environmental changes. This study evaluated four genotypes—Hungary, Isfahan, Omidiyeh, and Charam—with three soil moisture levels (well-watered, moderate, and severe water deficit stress) in a factorial design with four replications under two distinct CO₂ environments (ambient, 404 ± 24 μmol mol⁻¹ CO₂, and elevated, 702 ± 51 μmol mol⁻¹ CO₂) imposed using two fixed open-top chambers (OTCs). Elevated CO₂ potentially enhanced growth and yield traits but was associated with declines in photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activities. Genotype-specific responses were evident: Hungary and Isfahan showed the greatest seed weight, oil, and silymarin production under elevated CO₂ and in well-watered and moderate drought conditions; Charam maintained higher chlorophyll a and shoot biomass particularly under severe drought stress; Omidiyeh accumulated the most root biomass and proline, aiding drought tolerance under combined elevated CO₂ and severe drought stress. Drought stress increased total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity but reduced oil content, silymarin yield, and photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm). Multivariate analysis highlighted Charam's ability to sustain leaf water content and flavonoid production, while Omidiyeh demonstrated stronger antioxidant defenses under combined elevated CO₂ and drought. These genotype-specific adaptations reveal a growth-defense trade-off under elevated CO₂ and drought, offering promising targets for breeding milk thistle varieties that balance biomass, medicinal compounds, and stress tolerance in a changing climate.

气候变化以大气CO2浓度升高和干旱胁迫加剧为特征，显著影响植物的生长和代谢。水飞蓟（Silybum marianum）因其富含水飞蓟素的种子而受到重视，是对这些环境变化敏感的重要药用植物。本研究采用因子设计，在两种不同的CO2环境（常温404±24 μmol mol−1 CO2和升高702±51 μmol mol−1 CO2）下，对匈牙利、伊斯法罕、奥米德耶和查拉姆四种基因型进行了评估，并采用两个固定的开顶箱（OTCs），在三种土壤水分水平（水分充足、中度和重度水分亏缺胁迫）下进行了四次重复。升高的CO2可能促进生长和产量性状，但与光合色素和抗氧化酶活性下降有关。基因型特异性响应是明显的：匈牙利和伊斯法罕在二氧化碳浓度升高、水分充足和中度干旱条件下的种子重量、油脂和水飞蓟素产量最大；在严重干旱胁迫下，柽柳保持较高的叶绿素a和茎部生物量；奥米迪亚积累了最多的根系生物量和脯氨酸，有助于在二氧化碳升高和严重干旱胁迫下的抗旱能力。干旱胁迫增加了总酚类物质、类黄酮和抗氧化活性，但降低了含油量、水飞蓟素产量和光系统II效率（Fv/Fm）。多变量分析强调了Charam维持叶片含水量和类黄酮生产的能力，而Omidiyeh在二氧化碳升高和干旱共同作用下表现出更强的抗氧化防御能力。这些基因型特异性适应揭示了在二氧化碳升高和干旱条件下的生长-防御权衡，为培育在变化的气候下平衡生物量、药用化合物和耐受性的水飞蓟品种提供了有希望的目标。

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引用次数: 0

BoMYB96 and BoMYB2 positively regulate seed germination by inhibiting the transcription of BoABI5 BoMYB96和BoMYB2通过抑制BoABI5转录正向调节种子萌发

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111086

Zhen Shen , Shuhua Huang , Qingqing Pang , Yanfeng Zhang , Zhongmin Xu

The bZIP transcription factor ABI5 (Abscisic acid insensitive 5) plays a central role in regulating responses to ABA (Abscisic acid) signals during seed germination and early growth. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ABI5 is strongly induced by ABA, and high ABI5 expression inhibits seed germination. Plant MYB (Myeloblastosis) proteins respond to multiple hormonal signals, including ABA. Moreover, many R2R3 MYB transcription factors show functional similarities to ABI5; however, regulation of ABI5 transcriptional activity by R2R3 MYB factors during seed germination remains insufficiently characterized. In this study, we found that BoMYB96 and BoMYB2 bind the BoABI5 promoter and inhibit its transcription. A. thaliana and Brassica napus lines overexpressing BoMYB96 or BoMYB2 exhibited ABA insensitivity when exposed to exogenous ABA, which increased rapeseed germination rates under ABA treatment. These results demonstrate functional conservation of AtMYB96 and AtMYB2 in ABA signaling and expand understanding of ABI5 transcriptional regulation in the genomes of Brassica oleracea and B. napus.

bZIP转录因子ABI5 （Abscisic acid insensitive 5）在种子萌发和生长早期对ABA （Abscisic acid）信号的响应调控中起核心作用。在拟南芥中，ABI5受ABA的强烈诱导，高ABI5表达抑制种子萌发。植物MYB（髓母细胞形成）蛋白响应多种激素信号，包括ABA。此外，许多R2R3 MYB转录因子在功能上与ABI5相似；然而，在种子萌发过程中，R2R3 MYB因子对ABI5转录活性的调控仍未得到充分的研究。在本研究中，我们发现BoMYB96和BoMYB2结合BoABI5启动子并抑制其转录。过表达BoMYB96或BoMYB2的拟蓝和甘蓝型油菜在外源ABA处理下表现出ABA不敏感，增加了油菜的发芽率。这些结果证明了AtMYB96和AtMYB2在ABA信号传导中的功能保守性，并扩大了对甘蓝和甘蓝型油菜基因组中ABI5转录调控的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Combined “omics” and physiological approaches highlight the roles of the GABA shunt and mitochondria-related functions in rice seed longevity 结合“组学”和生理学方法，强调GABA分流和线粒体相关功能在水稻种子寿命中的作用

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111094

Julia Zinsmeister , Naoto Sano , Imen Lounifi , Steven P.C. Groot , Dongli He , Mathilde Lagesse , Sandrine Balzergue , Stéphanie Huguet , Romain Huguet , Boris Collet , Gwendal Cueff , Gilles Clément , Loïc Rajjou , Marc Galland

In the context of global warming, the ability of seeds to withstand higher temperatures and humidity during dry storage is critical to maintain food production. Seed longevity, also referred to as storability, is therefore an essential trait. As a major staple crop, rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been widely studied to identify the genetic determinants of seed longevity, primarily through QTL mapping and molecular analyses. However, integrated multi-omics data remain limited, especially compared to advances made for other seed physiological features (e.g., dry quiescence, germination). This study investigates the molecular determinants of rice seed longevity under varying storage conditions using controlled deterioration treatments (CDTs) at 25 °C (no deterioration), 40 °C (reduction of germination speed and uniformity) and 45 °C (loss of germinative capacity) under high relative humidity. Through physiological characterizationand multi-omics analyses, we identified key metabolic pathways and genetic factors associated with seed aging. By integrating transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data, we pinpointed specific pathways critical to seed viability loss. CDTs revealed that only a small number of genes and proteins are significantly affected. In particular, our results highlight a major impact of CDTs on the GABA shunt and mitochondrial factors as the DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 9. Altogether, this work opens the way for in-depth functional studies on a small number of mitochondria-related genes involved in rice seed longevity.

在全球变暖的背景下，种子在干燥储存期间承受更高温度和湿度的能力对维持粮食生产至关重要。因此，种子的寿命，也被称为可储存性，是一个重要的特性。水稻作为一种主要的主粮作物，主要通过QTL定位和分子分析来确定种子寿命的遗传决定因素。然而，整合的多组学数据仍然有限，特别是与其他种子生理特征（如干静止、发芽）的进展相比。本研究采用控制变质处理（CDTs），在25°C（不变质）、40°C（降低发芽速度和均匀性）和45°C（失去发芽能力）的高相对湿度条件下，研究不同储存条件下水稻种子寿命的分子决定因素。通过生理特征和多组学分析，我们确定了与种子老化相关的关键代谢途径和遗传因素。通过整合转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学数据，我们确定了对种子活力丧失至关重要的特定途径。CDTs显示，只有少数基因和蛋白质受到显著影响。特别是，我们的研究结果强调了CDTs对GABA分流和线粒体因子（DEAD-box atp依赖的RNA解旋酶9）的主要影响。总之，这项工作为深入研究与水稻种子寿命有关的少数线粒体相关基因开辟了道路。

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引用次数: 0

The bZIP24-bZIP53 transcription factor complex regulates kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside biosynthesis in Rubus chingii by targeting 1,6-rhamnosyltransferase bZIP24-bZIP53转录因子复合物通过靶向1,6-鼠李糖转移酶调控山奈酚3- o -芦丁苷的生物合成。

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111131

Yujie Shi , Mingkai Shen , Lijuan Wei , Qianfan Li , Yue Hao , Zhengchen Qin , Jian Sun , Jingyong Jiang , Zhen Chen , Wei Zeng

Rubus chingii, a plant celebrated for its dual role as medicine and food, contains kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (K3R) as a principal bioactive flavonol glycoside. Yet, the K3R biosynthetic pathway in this species, particularly the crucial final glycosylation step, remains poorly characterized. Our investigation identified 172 UGTs within the R. chingii genome, pinpointing 18 candidate UGTs potentially involved in K3R synthesis. Phylogenetic and expression analyses revealed that three flavonol 3-glucosyltransferases (RcUGT87, RcUGT89, RcUGT169) and eight flavonol 1,6-rhamnosyltransferases (RcUGT7, RcUGT13, RcUGT27, RcUGT72, RcUGT73, RcUGT97, RcUGT166, RcUGT160) exhibited high expression in green fruits. Enzyme activity assays confirmed RcUGT169 as the most active 3GlcT, efficiently converting kaempferol to K3G, and identified RcUGT27 as the key 1,6RhaT, synthesizing K3R from K3G. Molecular docking highlighted Asp-210, Glu-203, and Leu-204 as critical residues underpinning RcUGT27 activity. Y1H and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that transcription factors (TFs) RcWHY1 and RcbZIP24/44/53 directly bind the RcUGT27 promoter, driving its expression; notably, RcbZIP24 and RcbZIP53 form a complex to amplify this regulation. Hormone treatments showed ABA and MeJA significantly induce RcUGT27 expression through these TFs. This study establishes a comprehensive regulatory network governing K3R biosynthesis in R. chingii, offering valuable insights to guide future molecular breeding strategies and industrial production.

山奈酚3-O-rutinoside （K3R）是一种主要的生物活性黄酮醇苷，是一种以药用和食用双重作用而闻名的植物。然而，该物种的K3R生物合成途径，特别是关键的最后糖基化步骤，仍然缺乏表征。我们的研究在中华绒猴基因组中鉴定了172个ugt，确定了18个可能参与K3R合成的候选ugt。系统发育和表达分析表明，3种黄酮醇3-葡萄糖基转移酶（RcUGT87、RcUGT89、RcUGT169）和8种黄酮醇1,6-鼠李糖基转移酶（RcUGT7、RcUGT13、RcUGT27、RcUGT72、RcUGT73、RcUGT97、RcUGT166、RcUGT160）在青果中高表达。酶活性测定证实RcUGT169是最具活性的3GlcT，可以有效地将山奈酚转化为K3G，而RcUGT27是关键的1,6rhat，可以从K3G合成K3R。分子对接发现，Asp-210、Glu-203和Leu-204是支撑RcUGT27活性的关键残基。Y1H和双荧光素酶实验表明转录因子RcWHY1和RcbZIP24/44/53直接结合RcUGT27启动子，驱动其表达；值得注意的是，RcbZIP24和RcbZIP53形成一个复合物来放大这种调节。激素处理显示ABA和MeJA通过这些tf显著诱导RcUGT27的表达。本研究建立了中国红豆K3R生物合成的综合调控网络，为指导未来的分子育种策略和工业化生产提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Rice NH2 functions as a positive regulator of salicylic acid-mediated defense responses against sheath blight disease 水稻NH2在水杨酸介导的纹枯病防御反应中起正调节作用。

IF 5.7 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111110

Vignesh Ponnurangan , Shanthinie Ashokkumar , Krish K. Kumar , Kokiladevi Eswaran , Arul Loganathan , Sudhakar Duraialagaraja , Sathishraj Rajendran , Gopalakrishnan Chellappan , Paranidharan Vaikuntavasan , Djanaguiraman Maduraimuthu , Varanavasiappan Shanmugam

The rice genome encodes five non-expressors of pathogenesis-related (NPR) homologs, with OsNPR1/NH1 and OsNPR3/NH3 emerging as pivotal players in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses. Investigating the functional implications of the remaining NPR/NH genes is crucial for the development of disease-resistant rice cultivars. This study explores the role of OsNH2 in rice defense against sheath blight (ShB) using CRISPR/Cas9-edited mutants of the susceptible cultivar ASD16 and the moderately resistant CO51. OsNH2 knockout mutants showed increased susceptibility to ShB, as evidenced by denser mycelial growth, wider hyphae, and increased superoxide radical content. Two in-frame deletion mutants lacking 15–17 amino acids in the BTB/POZ domain also showed higher susceptibility, highlighting the importance of an intact OsNH2 protein for resistance. qRT-PCR analysis revealed significant downregulation of OsNH1, OsNH3, key transcription factors (OsWRKY4, OsWRKY45, OsWRKY80, OsTGA2, and OsTGA3), pathogenesis-related (PR) genes (OsPR1, OsPR3, and OsPR5), and SA biosynthesis genes (OsPAL and OsICS1) in the mutants. Additionally, OsNH2 mutants in both cultivars showed reduced endogenous SA levels upon Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1A infection. Exogenous SA treatment partially restored resistance and upregulated OsNH1/3 expression in mutants, though not to wild-type (WT) levels. These results suggest that OsNH2 is essential for maintaining SA-mediated defense signaling and optimal expression of NPR1 homologs. Moreover, OsNH2 mutants also showed increased susceptibility to bacterial leaf blight (BLB). Collectively, this research highlights the critical role of OsNH2 in coordinating with OsNH1 and OsNH3 in SA-mediated defense against ShB and BLB in rice.

水稻基因组编码5个致病相关（NPR）同源非表达物，其中OsNPR1/NH1和OsNPR3/NH3在水杨酸（SA）介导的防御反应中起关键作用。研究剩余NPR/NH基因的功能意义对于培育抗病水稻品种至关重要。本研究利用CRISPR/ cas9编辑的易感品种ASD16和中等抗性品种CO51的突变体，探讨了OsNH2在水稻抗鞘疫病（ShB）中的作用。OsNH2敲除突变体对ShB的易感性增加，表现为菌丝生长更密，菌丝更宽，超氧自由基含量增加。在BTB/POZ结构域中缺少15-17个氨基酸的两个框内缺失突变体也表现出更高的易感性，这表明完整的OsNH2蛋白对抗性的重要性。qRT-PCR分析显示，突变体中OsNH1、OsNH3、关键转录因子（OsWRKY4、OsWRKY45、OsWRKY80、OsTGA2和OsTGA3）、发病相关（PR）基因（OsPR1、OsPR3和OsPR5）和SA生物合成基因（OsPAL和OsICS1）显著下调。此外，两个品种的OsNH2突变体在枯丝核菌AG1-1A侵染后内源SA水平降低。外源SA处理部分恢复了突变体的抗性，上调了OsNH1/3的表达，但没有达到野生型（WT）水平。这些结果表明OsNH2对于维持sa介导的防御信号和NPR1同源物的最佳表达至关重要。此外，OsNH2突变体对细菌性叶枯病（BLB）的易感性也有所增加。综上所述，本研究强调了OsNH2与OsNH1和OsNH3协同在sa介导的水稻ShB和BLB防御中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0