Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献_第6页

Enhanced photorespiratory and TCA pathways by elevated CO2 to manage ammonium nutrition in tomato leaves 高浓度 CO2 可增强光合作用和 TCA 途径，从而管理番茄叶片中的铵营养

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109216

Izargi Vega-Mas, Daniel Marino, Marlon De la Peña, Teresa Fuertes-Mendizábal, Carmen González-Murua, José María Estavillo, María Begoña González-Moro

Plants grown under exclusive ammonium (NH₄⁺) nutrition have high carbon (C) demand to sustain proper nitrogen (N) assimilation and energy required for plant growth, generally impaired when compared to nitrate (NO₃⁻) nutrition. Thereby, the increment of the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration, in the context of climate change, will potentially allow plants to better face ammonium nutrition. In this work, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were grown under ammonium or nitrate nutrition in conditions of ambient (aCO₂, 400 ppm) or elevated CO₂ (eCO_2, 800 ppm) atmosphere. Elevated CO₂ increased photosynthesis rate and tomato shoot growth regardless of the N source. In the case of NH₄⁺-fed leaves the positive effect of elevated CO₂ occurred despite of the high tissue NH₄⁺ accumulation. Under eCO₂ ammonium nutrition triggered, among others, the modulation of genes related to C provision pathways (including carbonic anhydrase and glyoxylate cycle), antioxidant response and cell membranes protection. The enhanced photosynthate production at eCO₂ facilitated C skeleton provision through the TCA cycle and anaplerotic pathways to promote amino acid synthesis. Moreover, photorespiratory activity was stimulated by eCO₂ and contributed to yield serine as additional sink for NH₄⁺ excess. Overall, these changes denote a connection between the respiratory and the photorespiratory pathways linked to ammonium nutrition. This metabolic strategy may allow crops to grow efficiently using ammonium as fertilizer in a future climate change scenario, while mitigating N losses.

与硝酸盐（NO3-）营养相比，在铵营养（NH4+）条件下生长的植物需要大量的碳（C）来维持植物生长所需的氮（N）同化和能量。因此，在气候变化的背景下，大气中二氧化碳（CO2）浓度的增加有可能使植物更好地面对铵盐营养。在这项研究中，番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）植株在氨营养或硝酸盐营养条件下生长，生长环境为常温（aCO2，400 ppm）或二氧化碳浓度升高（eCO2，800 ppm）的大气。无论氮源如何，高浓度 CO2 都能提高光合作用速率和番茄植株的生长。在 NH4+喂养的叶片中，尽管组织中 NH4+ 积累较多，但高浓度 CO2 仍产生了积极影响。在 eCO2 条件下，铵营养引发了与 C 供给途径（包括碳酸酐酶和乙醛酸循环）、抗氧化反应和细胞膜保护相关的基因调控。在 eCO2 条件下，光合作用产生的光能促进了通过 TCA 循环和无氧代谢途径提供 C 骨架，从而促进氨基酸的合成。此外，eCO2 还刺激了光呼吸活动，并有助于产生丝氨酸作为 NH4+ 过量的额外吸收汇。总之，这些变化表明呼吸和光呼吸途径与铵营养有关。在未来气候变化的情况下，这种代谢策略可使作物利用铵作为肥料高效生长，同时减少氮的损失。

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引用次数: 0

Functional analysis of TkWRKY33: A key regulator in drought-induced natural rubber synthesis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz TkWRKY33 的功能分析：干旱诱导 Taraxacum kok-saghyz 天然橡胶合成的关键调节因子。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109232

Yulin Wu , Yaxin Liu , Yunchuan Zhang , Gaoquan Dong , Jie Yan , Hao Zhang

WRKY proteins, which form a transcription factor superfamily that responds to jasmonic acid (JA) signals, regulate various developmental processes and stress responses in plants, including Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS). TKS serves as an ideal model plant for studying rubber production and lays the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of JA-mediated regulation of natural rubber synthesis. In the present study, we screened and identified a valuable transcription factor, TkWRKY33, based on transcriptome data from TKS in response to JA. We investigated its role in the regulation of natural rubber synthesis within the JA signaling pathway and its function in response to drought stress. Through protein-protein interactions and transcriptional regulation analysis, we found that TkWRKY33 may regulate natural rubber synthesis through the JA-TkMPK3-TkWRKY33-(TkGGPS5/TkACAT8) cascade pathway, possibly by participating in JA-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Overexpression of TkWRKY33 in tobacco, along with functional analysis of drought resistance and comparative analysis of natural rubber content after drought stress, revealed that TkWRKY33 not only enhances plant drought resistance by regulating the expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging through the JA signaling pathway, but also has a close relationship with the signal transduction pathway mediated by the JA hormone in regulating natural rubber synthesis.

The TkWRKY33 is recognized as a valuable transcription factor, which likely plays a role in regulating natural rubber biosynthesis through the JA-activated MAPK cascade signaling pathway JA-TkMPK3-TkWRKY33-(TkGGPS5/TkACAT8).

WRKY 蛋白是对茉莉酸（JA）信号做出响应的转录因子超家族，它调控植物的各种发育过程和胁迫响应，包括蒲公英（Taraxacum kok-saghyz，TKS）。TKS 是研究橡胶生产的理想模式植物，为全面了解 JA 介导的天然橡胶合成调控奠定了基础。在本研究中，我们根据 TKS 对 JA 的响应转录组数据筛选并鉴定了一个有价值的转录因子 TkWRKY33。我们研究了它在 JA 信号通路中调控天然橡胶合成的作用及其对干旱胁迫的响应功能。通过蛋白-蛋白相互作用和转录调控分析，我们发现 TkWRKY33 可能通过 JA-TkMPK3-TkWRKY33-(TkGGPS5/TkACAT8) 级联途径调控天然橡胶的合成，可能是通过参与 JA 激活的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号传导。在烟草中过表达 TkWRKY33 并进行抗旱性功能分析和干旱胁迫后天然橡胶含量的比较分析表明，TkWRKY33 不仅通过 JA 信号通路调节活性氧清除相关基因的表达来增强植物的抗旱性，而且与 JA 激素介导的信号转导通路在调节天然橡胶合成方面有着密切的关系。TkWRKY33 被认为是一种重要的转录因子，它很可能通过 JA 激活的 MAPK 级联信号通路 JA-TkMPK3-TkWRKY33-(TkGGPS5/TkACAT8) 在调节天然橡胶生物合成中发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0

Foliar application of carbon dots enhances nitrogen uptake and assimilation through CEPD1-dependent signaling in plants 叶面喷施碳点可通过 CEPD1 依赖性信号增强植物对氮的吸收和同化。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109229

Zhiyuan Pan , Huihui Zang , Yanjuan Li , Xiao Wang , Nan Xia , Chong Liu , Zongyun Li , Yonghua Han , Zhonghou Tang , Jian Sun

The use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers increases crop yield, but the accumulation of residual N in agricultural soils poses significant environmental risks. Improving the N use efficiency (NUE) of crops can help reduce N pollution. While nanomaterials have been shown to enhance crop agronomic traits, more research is needed to clarify the regulatory mechanisms involved. In this study, foliar spraying of carbon dots (CDs, 1 mg mL⁻¹) derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza increased the activity of plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, promoting the uptake, transport, and assimilation of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺. The upregulation of N metabolism-related genes, such as AtAMTs and AtNRTs, was also observed in A. thaliana roots. Transcriptome analysis suggested that this regulatory effect is mediated by the shoot-to-root mobile polypeptide CEPD1 (C-terminally encoded peptide DOWNSTREAM 1) signaling pathway. Additionally, foliar application of CDs increased the NUE of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) from 2.5% to 8.1%. The upregulation of genes such as CEPD1 in leaves was observed following CDs application under different N conditions. Finally, foliar spraying of CDs significantly increased field yield and enhanced tolerance to low N stress in sweetpotato. Overall, this study demonstrated that foliar application of CDs improved NUE in plants through CEPD1-dependent signaling.

使用氮（N）肥料可以提高作物产量，但农业土壤中残留氮的积累会带来巨大的环境风险。提高作物的氮利用效率（NUE）有助于减少氮污染。虽然纳米材料已被证明能提高作物的农艺性状，但还需要更多的研究来阐明其中的调节机制。在本研究中，叶面喷洒来自丹参的碳点（CDs，1 mg mL-1）可提高拟南芥根系质膜 H+-ATP 酶的活性，促进 NO3- 和 NH4+ 的吸收、转运和同化。在拟南芥根中还观察到氮代谢相关基因（如 AtAMTs 和 AtNRTs）的上调。转录组分析表明，这种调控效应是由芽到根的移动多肽 CEPD1（C-端编码肽 DOWNSTREAM 1）信号通路介导的。此外，叶面施用 CD 还能将甘薯（Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.）的净效率从 2.5% 提高到 8.1%。在不同的氮条件下，叶面喷施 CD 后，观察到 CEPD1 等基因上调。最后，叶面喷施 CD 显著提高了甘薯的田间产量，并增强了对低氮胁迫的耐受性。总之，本研究表明，叶面喷施 CD 可通过 CEPD1 依赖性信号转导改善植物的氮利用效率。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal influence on tomato fruit metabolome profile: Implications for ABA signaling in multi-stress resilience 季节对番茄果实代谢组特征的影响：ABA 信号在多重胁迫恢复中的意义

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109234

Miriam Pardo-Hernández , Leilei Zhang , Luigi Lucini , Rosa M. Rivero

The increasing effects of climate change are leading to an increase in the number and intensity of extreme events, making it essential to study how plants respond to various stresses occurring simultaneously. A crucial regulator of plant responses to abiotic stress is abscisic acid (ABA), as its accumulation in response to stress leads to transcriptomic and metabolomic changes that contribute to plant stress tolerance. In the present study, we investigated how ABA, stress conditions (salinity, water deficit and their combination) and seasons (autumn-winter and spring-summer) regulate tomato fruit yield and metabolism using tomato wild type (WT) and the ABA-deficient flacca mutant (flc) under stress conditions in cold and warm seasons. Our results showed that the applied stresses did not have the same effect in the warm season as in the cold season. In WT plants, the levels of other flavonoids, lignans and other polyphenols were higher in summer fruits, whereas the levels of anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, phenolic acids and stilbenes were higher in winter fruits. Furthermore, the significant increase in anthocyanins and flavonols was associated with the combination of salinity + water deficit in both seasons. Additionally, under certain conditions, flc mutants showed an enrichment of the superclasses of benzenoids and organosulphur compounds. The synthesis of phenolic compounds in flc fruits was also significantly different compared to WT plants. Thus, the metabolic profile of tomato fruits varies significantly with endogenous ABA levels, season of cultivation and applied stress treatments, highlighting the multifactorial nature of plant responses to combined environmental factors.

气候变化的影响越来越大，导致极端事件的数量和强度增加，因此研究植物如何应对同时发生的各种胁迫至关重要。脱落酸（ABA）是植物应对非生物胁迫的一个重要调节因子，因为它在应对胁迫时的积累会导致转录组和代谢组的变化，从而促进植物的胁迫耐受性。在本研究中，我们利用番茄野生型（WT）和 ABA 缺乏的 flacca 突变体（flc），研究了 ABA、胁迫条件（盐度、水分亏缺及其组合）和季节（秋冬季和春夏季）如何在寒冷和温暖季节的胁迫条件下调节番茄果实产量和代谢。结果表明，暖季和冷季施加的胁迫效果并不相同。在 WT 植株中，夏季果实中其他黄酮类化合物、木脂素和其他多酚的含量较高，而冬季果实中花青素、黄烷醇、黄酮醇、酚酸和二苯乙烯类化合物的含量较高。此外，花青素和黄酮醇的显著增加与两个季节的盐度+缺水组合有关。此外，在某些条件下，flc 突变体显示出苯类和有机硫化合物超类的富集。与 WT 植物相比，flc 果实中酚类化合物的合成也有显著差异。因此，番茄果实的新陈代谢特征随内源 ABA 水平、栽培季节和施加的胁迫处理而有很大不同，突出了植物对综合环境因素反应的多因素性质。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of putative genes for caffeoylated flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis in Pseudognaphalium affine 鉴定 Pseudognaphalium affine 中咖啡酰化黄酮苷生物合成的推定基因。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109233

Yongkang Li , Qing Li , Dongtian Liu , Zongtai Wu , Lianna Sun , Wansheng Chen , Ying Xiao

Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderberg, commonly found in East Asia, has extensive applications as both a traditional medicine and a vegetable in China. The caffeoylated flavonoid glycosides produced by P. affine exhibit remarkable anti-complement activities. Although these compounds have potential therapeutic value, the biosynthetic pathway responsible for their production remains largely unknown. To elucidate the key catalytic steps involved in caffeoylated flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the full-length transcriptome of P. affine. Further phylogenetic tree analysis predicted potential UDP glycosyltransferase (UGT) and BAHD acyltransferase (BAHD-AT) related with caffeoylated flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis. Subsequently, enzyme assay led to the discovery of PaUGT23 as a key enzyme responsible for the glycosylation of hydroxy groups in flavonoids, resulting in the formation of luteolin-4′-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, quercetin-4′-O-glucoside, quercetin-7-O-glucoside, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside, while PaBAHD21 was found to catalyze the caffeoylation of flavonoid glycosides, resulting in the formation of luteolin 4′-O-β-D-(6″-E-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside, quercetin 4′-O-β-D-(6″-E-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside, apigenin 4′-O-β-D-(6″-E-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside and apigenin 7-O-β-D-(6″-E-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside. Moreover, their catalytic activities were verified in vivo by transient transfection experiment. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the full-length transcriptome in P. affine, providing significant insights into the biosynthesis and accumulation mechanisms of bioactive caffeoylated flavonoid glycosides.

Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderberg 常见于东亚，在中国被广泛用作传统药物和蔬菜。P. affine 产生的咖啡酰化黄酮苷具有显著的抗补体活性。虽然这些化合物具有潜在的治疗价值，但生产这些化合物的生物合成途径在很大程度上仍然未知。为了阐明咖啡酰化黄酮苷生物合成的关键催化步骤，我们对 P. affine 的全长转录组进行了全面分析。进一步的系统发生树分析预测了潜在的与咖啡酰化黄酮苷生物合成相关的UDP糖基转移酶（UGT）和BAHD酰基转移酶（BAHD-AT）。随后，通过酶测定发现 PaUGT23 是负责黄酮类化合物中羟基糖基化的关键酶，可形成木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷和芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、而 PaBAHD21 可催化黄酮苷的咖啡酰化作用，从而形成木犀草素 4'-O-β-D-(6″-E-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside 、槲皮素 4'-O-β-D-（6″-E-咖啡酰基）-吡喃葡萄糖苷、芹菜素 4'-O-β-D-（6″-E-咖啡酰基）-吡喃葡萄糖苷和芹菜素 7-O-β-D-（6″-E-咖啡酰基）-吡喃葡萄糖苷。此外，还通过瞬时转染实验验证了它们在体内的催化活性。该研究首次全面分析了阿芬属植物的全长转录组，为生物活性咖啡酰基黄酮苷的生物合成和积累机制提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Response mechanisms of Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) to cold, drought, combined stresses and recovery in morphology, photosynthesis, physiology and microstructure 一年生蓝草（Poa annua）对寒冷、干旱和综合胁迫的反应机制以及形态、光合作用、生理和微观结构的恢复。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109238

Juanxia Li , Xiaoming Bai , Fu Ran , Yuchi Zhi , Dongdong Gao , Yao Fang , Jialong Cheng , Xueting Chai , Ping Li , Hui Chen

Drought and cold stresses co-occur in nature, and significantly limited agricultural productivity in northwest China. Their effects on plant photosynthesis, physiology and biochemistry, and microstructure have been extensively studied, but their combined stress mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, growth chamber experiments were conducted using the Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) with the ‘HZ’ and ‘ZQ’ germplasms, our goal was to clarify the responses of leaves to cold (C), drought (D), and combined (D&C) stresses in the morphology, photosynthesis, physiology and biochemistry, and microstructure. The results showed that three stress types significantly suppressed growth, reduced photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic capacity, and photosynthetic enzyme activities, with ‘ZQ’ being more sensitive than ‘HZ’. C stress (12/36 h) improved chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in ‘HZ’ (except for photochemical quenching coefficient), while D and D&C stresses diminished these parameters of both germplasms. Under single and combined stresses, leaf thickness and cuticle thickness generally increased then decreased with stress duration, except for ‘ZQ’ under D stress. D stress increased reactive oxygen species, relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content and stomatal density, while inhibited stomatal size. Conversely, C stress exacerbated the negative effects of drought on these traits. The D&C stress enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content, which were similar to the responses to D stress, except for ‘ZQ’ under D&C stress. After 24 h of stress relief, the recoveries degree of most traits in plant under D and D&C stresses were similar, with ‘HZ’ recovering more than ‘ZQ’. This study indicated drought played a dominant role in combined stress. However, some unique responses could not be inferred from the superimposed effects of some single stresses.

干旱和寒冷胁迫在自然界中同时存在，严重限制了中国西北地区的农业生产力。它们对植物光合作用、生理生化和微观结构的影响已被广泛研究，但其综合胁迫机制仍不清楚。因此，我们利用一年生蓝草（Poa annua）的'HZ'和'ZQ'种质进行了生长室实验，目的是阐明叶片对寒冷（C）、干旱（D）和综合（D&C）胁迫在形态、光合作用、生理生化和微观结构方面的反应。结果表明，三种胁迫类型均显著抑制了叶片的生长，降低了光合色素、光合能力和光合酶活性，其中 "ZQ "比 "HZ "更敏感。C胁迫（12/36 h）改善了'HZ'的叶绿素荧光参数（光化学淬灭系数除外），而D和D&C胁迫则降低了这两个种质的叶绿素荧光参数。在单一胁迫和综合胁迫下，叶片厚度和角质层厚度一般随胁迫持续时间先增加后减少，但'ZQ'在 D 胁迫下除外。D 胁迫增加了活性氧、相对电导率、丙二醛含量和气孔密度，同时抑制了气孔的大小。相反，C胁迫加剧了干旱对这些性状的负面影响。D&C胁迫增强了抗氧化酶活性和脯氨酸含量，除'ZQ'在D&C胁迫下的反应外，其他抗氧化酶活性和脯氨酸含量与D胁迫下的反应相似。胁迫解除24 h后，D胁迫和D&C胁迫下植株大部分性状的恢复程度相似，'HZ'的恢复程度高于'ZQ'。这项研究表明，干旱在综合胁迫中起主导作用。然而，从一些单一胁迫的叠加效应中并不能推断出一些独特的反应。

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引用次数: 0

Streptomyces improves sugarcane drought tolerance by enhancing phenylalanine biosynthesis and optimizing the rhizosphere environment 链霉菌通过加强苯丙氨酸的生物合成和优化根瘤菌环境提高甘蔗的耐旱性

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109236

Fei Pang , Manoj Kumar Solanki , Yong-Xiu Xing , Deng-Feng Dong , Zhen Wang

Drought stress is a common hazard faced by sugarcane growth, and utilizing microorganisms to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress has become an important method for sustainable agricultural development. Several studies have demonstrated that Streptomyces chartreuses WZS021 improves sugarcane tolerance to drought stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance at the transcriptional and metabolomic levels remain unclear. We comprehensively evaluated the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which WZS021 enhances drought tolerance in sugarcane, by performing transcriptome sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics; and examining rhizosphere soil properties and plant tissue antioxidant capacity. WZS021 inoculation improved the rhizosphere nutritional environment (AP, ammonia, OM) of sugarcane and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of plant roots, stems, and leaves (POD, SOD, CAT). Comprehensive analyses of the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that WZS021 mainly affects plant drought tolerance through phenylalanine metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The drought tolerance signaling molecules mediated by WZS021 include petunidin, salicylic acid, α-Linoleic acid, auxin, geranylgeraniol and phenylalanine, as well as key genes related to plant hormone signaling transduction (YUCCA, amiE, AUX, CYPs, PAL, etc.). Interestingly, inoculation with WZS021 during regular watering induces a transcriptome-level response to biological stress in sugarcane plants. This study further elucidates a WZS021-dependent rhizosphere-mediated regulatory mechanism for improving sugarcane drought tolerance, providing a theoretical basis for increasing sugarcane production capacity.

干旱胁迫是甘蔗生长面临的常见危害，利用微生物提高植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性已成为农业可持续发展的重要方法。多项研究表明，图链霉菌 WZS021 能提高甘蔗对干旱胁迫的耐受性。然而，在转录和代谢组水平上的耐受性分子机制仍不清楚。我们通过进行转录组测序和非靶向代谢组学研究，并考察根圈土壤特性和植物组织抗氧化能力，全面评估了 WZS021 提高甘蔗耐旱性的生理和分子机制。接种 WZS021 改善了甘蔗根圈的营养环境（AP、氨、OM），提高了植物根、茎、叶的抗氧化能力（POD、SOD、CAT）。转录组和代谢组的综合分析表明，WZS021主要通过苯丙氨酸代谢、植物激素信号转导和类黄酮生物合成途径影响植物的抗旱性。WZS021 介导的抗旱信号分子包括矮牵牛素、水杨酸、α-亚油酸、辅助素、香叶醇和苯丙氨酸，以及与植物激素信号转导相关的关键基因（YUCCA、amiE、AUX、CYPs、PAL 等）。有趣的是，在常规浇水期间接种 WZS021 会诱导甘蔗植物对生物胁迫做出转录组水平的反应。本研究进一步阐明了依赖 WZS021 的根瘤菌介导的提高甘蔗抗旱性的调控机制，为提高甘蔗生产能力提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase genes during ripening and their modulation by phytohormones during postharvest storage of citrus fruits (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) 柑橘类水果（Citrus reticulata Blanco.）

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109235

Sophia Nyamusi Ochiki , Tianxin Chen , Zhixin Meng , Jiahao Zhou , Zexin Gao , Yong Deng , Mingbao Luan

The level of sweetness in citrus fruit is crucial for consumer appeal and market competitiveness, determined mainly by soluble sugars and organic acids. ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase is central to regulating sugar metabolism, yet its role in citrus fruit ripening and postharvest storage remains underexplored. We characterized phosphofructokinase genes in citrus, identifying eight genes classified into pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFP) and ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) subgroups using phylogenetic analysis, genomic architectures, and protein motifs. Comparative genomic analysis with other plants highlighted significant protein homology among CitPFKs. The motif analysis indicated conserved phosphofructokinase domains in CitPFK sequences, with upstream promoter regions containing diverse cis-regulatory elements, most notably light-responsive (LREs). The gene expression profiling throughout fruit development and ripening revealed differential patterns, with responses to gibberellic acid and salicylic acid phytohormones during postharvest indicating their roles in regulating CitPFK genes. The analysis of the transcriptome showed high expression of ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 3 (CitPFK3) during fruit development, indicating a positive role in fruit maturation. Consequently, silencing CitPFK3 through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased hexose sugar content, suggesting its function in sugar accumulation. These findings improve our understanding of PFKs in citrus, particularly CitPFK3's pivotal role in regulating hexose sugar dynamics and their modulation by exogenous phytohormones after harvest. This study provides a foundation for optimizing soluble sugar regulation to enhance fruit quality and postharvest handling in citrus production.

柑橘类水果的甜度对消费者吸引力和市场竞争力至关重要，主要由可溶性糖和有机酸决定。依赖 ATP 的 6-磷酸果激酶是调节糖代谢的核心，但它在柑橘果实成熟和采后贮藏中的作用仍未得到充分探索。我们对柑橘中的磷酸果激酶基因进行了特征描述，利用系统发育分析、基因组结构和蛋白质基序确定了 8 个基因，将其分为焦磷酸依赖性磷酸果激酶（PFP）亚群和 ATP 依赖性 6-磷酸果激酶（PFK）亚群。与其他植物的基因组比较分析凸显了 CitPFKs 蛋白质的显著同源性。基调分析表明，CitPFK 序列中的磷酸果糖激酶结构域是保守的，其上游启动子区域包含多种顺式调控元件，其中最主要的是光响应元件（LRE）。整个果实发育和成熟过程中的基因表达谱分析揭示了不同的模式，收获后对赤霉素和水杨酸植物激素的反应表明它们在调控 CitPFK 基因中的作用。转录组分析表明，在果实发育过程中，依赖 ATP 的 6-磷酸果糖激酶 3（CitPFK3）的表达量很高，这表明它在果实成熟过程中起着积极作用。因此，通过病毒诱导基因沉默（VIGS）沉默 CitPFK3 会增加己糖含量，表明其在糖积累中的功能。这些发现增进了我们对柑橘中 PFKs 的了解，尤其是 CitPFK3 在调节己糖动态以及收获后外源植物激素对其调节的关键作用。这项研究为优化可溶性糖的调节以提高柑橘生产中的果实质量和采后处理奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Distribution characteristics of photoassimilates in walnut leaves to different organs 核桃叶片中光同化物在不同器官中的分布特征

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109225

HongLong Hao, ShiWei Wang, CuiFang Zhang, XianAn Yang, ChangJie Xing

The understanding of photoassimilate distribution serves as the fundamental basis for scientific regulation of fruit quality. Currently, there is a scarcity of research on whole-plant scale photoassimilate distribution in walnut. In order to clarify the characteristics of leaf photoassimilates translocation to various organs in 5-year-old 'Wen185' (J. regia 'Wen185') walnut during the growing season, this study used the 13C isotope pulse labeling technique to label the whole plant of walnut trees in the growing season, temporal variations of ¹³C abundance (δ¹³C), 13C partition rate (R¹³C), leaf source strength and fruit sink strength were analyzed in various organs at different days after tree flowering. The findings indicated that during the periods of 30–70 days and 90–110 days after flowering, there was a higher distribution of ¹³C in fruits and vegetative branches. However, at 110–130 days after flowering, the predominant allocation of ¹³C shifted towards main trunk and roots. In-depth study of source leaves and sink fruits showed that chlorophyll content in leaves increased significantly 30–50 days after anthesis, indicating that they gradually became mature functional leaves. The increase of net photosynthetic rate led to increase of source strength, and the retention of photoassimilates in leaves was higher at this time. From 30 to 70 days after flowering, the fresh weight and volume of fruit increased rapidly, which increased the capacity of the sink and enhanced the competition ability against photoassimilates. The recovery of photosynthetic capacity of leaves from 90 to 110 days promoted the output of photoassimilates. At this time, walnut entered the oil conversion period, and the demand for photoassimilates increased. All these factors jointly promoted the unloading of photoassimilates in fruit. In summary, maintaining adequate material conditions and optimizing tree structure at 30-70d and 90-110d after anthesis are important for more efficient distribution of photoassimilates to fruit.

了解光同化物的分布是科学管理果实质量的基础。目前，有关核桃全株光同化物分布的研究还很少。为了弄清5年生'文185'（J. regia 'Wen185'）核桃在生长期叶片光同化物向各器官转化的特点，本研究采用13C同位素脉冲标记技术对生长期核桃树进行全株标记，分析了核桃树开花后不同天数各器官13C丰度（δ13C）、13C分配率（R13C）、叶片源强度和果实汇强度的时间变化。结果表明，在花后 30-70 天和 90-110 天期间，13C 在果实和营养枝中的分布较多。然而，在花后 110-130 天，13C 的主要分布转向主干和根部。对源叶和汇果实的深入研究表明，叶片中的叶绿素含量在花后 30-50 天显著增加，表明它们逐渐成为成熟的功能叶。净光合速率的增加导致源强度的增加，此时叶片中光同化物的保留率较高。花后 30 至 70 天，果实鲜重和体积迅速增加，增加了吸收汇的容量，增强了对光同化物的竞争能力。90 至 110 天，叶片光合能力的恢复促进了光同化物的输出。此时，核桃进入油脂转化期，对光氨酵素的需求增加。所有这些因素共同促进了果实中光氨酵素的卸载。总之，在花后 30-70d 和 90-110d 期间保持充足的物质条件并优化树体结构，对于光assimilates 更有效地分配到果实中非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Ascorbic acid metabolism: New knowledge on mitigation of aluminum stress in plants 抗坏血酸代谢：缓解植物铝胁迫的新知识。

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109228

Paz Cárcamo-Fincheira , Adriano Nunes-Nesi , Braulio Soto-Cerda , Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau , Marjorie Reyes-Díaz

Ascorbic acid (ASC) is an important antioxidant in plant cells, being the main biosynthesis pathway is L-galactose or Smirnoff-Wheeler. ASC is involved in plant growth and development processes, being a cofactor and regulator of multiple signaling pathways in response to abiotic stresses. Aluminum toxicity is an important stressor under acidic conditions, affecting plant root elongation, triggering ROS induction and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). To mitigate damage from Al-toxicity, plants have evolved mechanisms to resist stress conditions, such as Al-tolerance and Al-exclusion or avoidance, both strategies related to the forming of non-phytotoxic complexes or bind-chelates among Al and organic molecules like oxalate. Dehydroascorbate (DHA) degradation generates oxalate when ASC is recycled, and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) expression is inhibited. An alternative strategy is ASC regeneration, mainly due to a higher level of DHAR gene expression and low monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) gene expression. Therefore, studies performed on Fagopyrum esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Poncirus trifoliate, and V. corymbosum suggest that ASC is associated with the Al-resistant mechanism, given the observed enhancements in defense mechanisms, including elevated antioxidant capacity and oxalate production. This review examines the potential involvement of ASC metabolism in Al-resistant mechanisms.

抗坏血酸（ASC）是植物细胞中一种重要的抗氧化剂，其主要的生物合成途径是 L-半乳糖或 Smirnoff-Wheeler。ASC 参与植物的生长和发育过程，是多种信号通路的辅助因子和调节器，可应对非生物胁迫。铝毒性是酸性条件下的一种重要胁迫，会影响植物根系的伸长，引发 ROS 诱导和过氧化氢（H2O2）积累。为了减轻铝毒性造成的损害，植物进化出了抵抗胁迫条件的机制，如铝耐受性和铝排斥或回避，这两种策略都与铝和草酸盐等有机分子之间形成非植物毒性复合物或结合螯合物有关。当 ASC 被回收时，脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）降解产生草酸盐，脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）的表达受到抑制。另一种策略是 ASC 再生，这主要是因为 DHAR 基因表达水平较高，而单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDHAR）基因表达水平较低。因此，在 Fagopyrum esculentum、Nicotiana tabacum、Poncirus trifoliate 和 V. corymbosum 上进行的研究表明，ASC 与抗铝机制有关，因为观察到防御机制得到了加强，包括抗氧化能力和草酸盐产量的提高。本综述探讨了 ASC 代谢在抗铝机制中的潜在参与。

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引用次数: 0