Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112375
Ran Zhou , Chenbo Huang , Xiaoxia Wen , Zhihao Sun , Wei Dong , Yuyu Chen , Nuan Huang , Han Zhang , Haihan Su , Yanhui Li , Zequn Peng , Yingxin Zhang , Liyong Cao , Shihua Cheng , Xiaodeng Zhan , Lianping Sun , Daibo Chen
Culm strength is crucial for rice growth, nutrition transportation, and structural resilience, which are essential for lodging resistance and stable production. In this study, we identified a rice thin culm mutant tc4, characterized by thinner culms and thicker cavity walls, resulting in weakened culm mechanical strength. Using map-based cloning, the candidate gene was isolated, and complementation and CRISPR/Cas9 experiments confirmed that a single nucleotide substitution in TC4 is responsible for the thin and brittle culm phenotype. TC4, a homolog of the FLORICAULA/LEAFY gene, localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Further research revealed that TC4 regulates culm development by influencing plant hormones and sugar transport. This research not only advances our understanding of rice culm regulation, but also provides valuable insights for breeding lodging-resistant rice varieties.
{"title":"Rice THIN CULM 4 (TC4) modulates culm strength by regulating morphology, structure, and development","authors":"Ran Zhou , Chenbo Huang , Xiaoxia Wen , Zhihao Sun , Wei Dong , Yuyu Chen , Nuan Huang , Han Zhang , Haihan Su , Yanhui Li , Zequn Peng , Yingxin Zhang , Liyong Cao , Shihua Cheng , Xiaodeng Zhan , Lianping Sun , Daibo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Culm strength is crucial for rice growth, nutrition transportation, and structural resilience, which are essential for lodging resistance and stable production. In this study, we identified a rice thin culm mutant <em>tc4</em>, characterized by thinner culms and thicker cavity walls, resulting in weakened culm mechanical strength. Using map-based cloning, the candidate gene was isolated, and complementation and CRISPR/Cas9 experiments confirmed that a single nucleotide substitution in <em>TC4</em> is responsible for the thin and brittle culm phenotype. <em>TC4</em>, a homolog of the <em>FLORICAULA/LEAFY</em> gene, localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Further research revealed that <em>TC4</em> regulates culm development by influencing plant hormones and sugar transport. This research not only advances our understanding of rice culm regulation, but also provides valuable insights for breeding lodging-resistant rice varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112386
Wenjie Zhang , Lin Zhao , Ting Zhang , Mengyun Shi , Dianjun Lu , Shuai Wang , Jia Zhang , Wei Jiang , Meng Wei
People have accepted the clear fact that elevated CO2 (eCO2) and climate warming are happening, but sustainable agricultural systems are still struggling to adapt. 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol phosphate (DMPP) is currently recognized as a highly effective strategy for reducing nitrogen (N) loss and related environmental impacts. There is still uncertainty, however, whether DMPP could contribute to building climate-resilient ecosystems in a future climate scenario with co-elevated CO2 and temperature. Thus, this study evaluated the responses of plant N derived from soil or fertilizer and strawberry growth to the tested climate conditions. Plants were supplied with or without DMPP, grown in controlled climate chambers under ambient CO2 and temperature (aCT; 400 ppm + 25℃), and co-elevated CO2 and temperature (eCT; 800 ppm + 27℃). The results showed that DMPP increased plant N accumulation by 9 % and 19 % under aCT and eCT conditions, respectively, compared to N treatment without DMPP. We also found a similar trend in total C content in the plants. Compared with aCT, DMPP demonstrated higher efficiency in improving N use efficiency (NUE, 51 % vs. 36 %) and reducing N loss (21 % vs. 29 %) under eCT, which could ensure higher N demand of plant, making fertilizer-N, rather than soil-N, a primary contributor to the N accumulation increment. Moreover, in terms of combating climate challenge, the combination with DMPP further strengthened the beneficial influence of eCT on the N accumulation and biomass in strawberry but reduced fertilizer-N loss. In summary, DMPP exhibits better performance under eCT, which may alleviate the potential adverse effects of co-elevated CO2 and temperature on ecosystem by reducing fertilizer-N loss and soil-N mineralization more efficiently, providing a promising approach to optimizing sustainable agricultural management under future climate change.
{"title":"3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) may negate the expected stimulation of elevated atmospheric CO2 and warming on fertilizer-N loss","authors":"Wenjie Zhang , Lin Zhao , Ting Zhang , Mengyun Shi , Dianjun Lu , Shuai Wang , Jia Zhang , Wei Jiang , Meng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People have accepted the clear fact that elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) and climate warming are happening, but sustainable agricultural systems are still struggling to adapt. 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol phosphate (DMPP) is currently recognized as a highly effective strategy for reducing nitrogen (N) loss and related environmental impacts. There is still uncertainty, however, whether DMPP could contribute to building climate-resilient ecosystems in a future climate scenario with co-elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature. Thus, this study evaluated the responses of plant N derived from soil or fertilizer and strawberry growth to the tested climate conditions. Plants were supplied with or without DMPP, grown in controlled climate chambers under ambient CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature (aCT; 400 ppm + 25℃), and co-elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature (eCT; 800 ppm + 27℃). The results showed that DMPP increased plant N accumulation by 9 % and 19 % under aCT and eCT conditions, respectively, compared to N treatment without DMPP. We also found a similar trend in total C content in the plants. Compared with aCT, DMPP demonstrated higher efficiency in improving N use efficiency (NUE, 51 % vs. 36 %) and reducing N loss (21 % vs. 29 %) under eCT, which could ensure higher N demand of plant, making fertilizer-N, rather than soil-N, a primary contributor to the N accumulation increment. Moreover, in terms of combating climate challenge, the combination with DMPP further strengthened the beneficial influence of eCT on the N accumulation and biomass in strawberry but reduced fertilizer-N loss. In summary, DMPP exhibits better performance under eCT, which may alleviate the potential adverse effects of co-elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on ecosystem by reducing fertilizer-N loss and soil-N mineralization more efficiently, providing a promising approach to optimizing sustainable agricultural management under future climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142966430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112385
Qi Mengxuan, Tian Xinyue, Chen Yuqing, Lu Yongkang, Zhang Yanping
Trichome development and anthocyanin accumulation are regulated by a complex regulatory network, the MBW complexe consists of MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription factors. In this study, two sequences, named PaTTG1.1, and PaTTG1.2, were cloned and functionally characterized from Platanus acerifolia. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that PaTTG1 genes were expressed in the trichomes and red leaves. Overexpression of PaTTG1.1 and PaTTG1.2 genes in Arabidopsis ttg1 mutants restored the phenotypes of ttg1 mutants that were glabrous and lacked purple anthocyanins in hypocotyls and seeds. In transgenic plants, the expression levels of the trichome regulation-related genes AtCPC, AtTRY, AtETC1, AtMYB23, and AtGL2, as well as early and late biosynthetic genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, were significantly upregulated. The results of the yeast two-hybrid showed that PaTTG1.1 and PaTTG1.2 proteins could physically interact with both bHLH and R2R3-MYB transcription factors from Arabidopsis and P. Acerifolia. Taken together, the results presented in this study suggest that the two PaTTG1 genes share similar functions in the regulation of trichomes and anthocyanins. However, there may be some differences in their regulatory mechanisms.
{"title":"WD40 proteins PaTTG1 interact with both bHLH and MYB to regulate trichome formation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Platanus acerifolia","authors":"Qi Mengxuan, Tian Xinyue, Chen Yuqing, Lu Yongkang, Zhang Yanping","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trichome development and anthocyanin accumulation are regulated by a complex regulatory network, the MBW complexe consists of MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription factors. In this study, two sequences, named <em>PaTTG1.1</em>, and <em>PaTTG1.2</em>, were cloned and functionally characterized from <em>Platanus acerifolia.</em> Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that <em>PaTTG1</em> genes were expressed in the trichomes and red leaves. Overexpression of <em>PaTTG1.1</em> and <em>PaTTG1.2</em> genes in <em>Arabidopsis ttg1</em> mutants restored the phenotypes of <em>ttg1</em> mutants that were glabrous and lacked purple anthocyanins in hypocotyls and seeds. In transgenic plants, the expression levels of the trichome regulation-related genes <em>AtCPC</em>, <em>AtTRY</em>, <em>AtETC1</em>, <em>AtMYB23,</em> and <em>AtGL2</em>, as well as early and late biosynthetic genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, were significantly upregulated. The results of the yeast two-hybrid showed that PaTTG1.1 and PaTTG1.2 proteins could physically interact with both bHLH and R2R3-MYB transcription factors from <em>Arabidopsis</em> and <em>P. Acerifolia</em>. Taken together, the results presented in this study suggest that the two <em>PaTTG1</em> genes share similar functions in the regulation of trichomes and anthocyanins. However, there may be some differences in their regulatory mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112382
Masoumeh Kordi , Naser Farrokhi , Asadollah Ahmadikhah , Pär K. Ingvarsson , Abbas Saidi , Mehdi Jahanfar
Rice yield strongly depends on panicle size and architecture but the genetics underlying these traits and their coordination with environmental cues through various signaling pathways have remained elusive. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to pinpoint the underlying genetic determinants for rice panicle architecture by analyzing 20 panicle-related traits using a data set consisting of 44,100 SNPs. We defined QTL windows around significant SNPs by the rate of LD decay for each chromosome and used these windows to identify putative candidate genes associated with the trait. Using a publicly available RNA-seq data set we performed analyses to identify the differentially expressed genes between stem and panicle with putative functions in panicle architecture. In total, 52 significant SNPs were identified, corresponding to 41 unique QTLs across the 12 rice chromosomes, with the most signals appearing on chromosome 1 (nine associated SNPs), and seven significant SNPs for each of chromosomes 8 and 12. Some novel genes such as Ankyrin, Duf, Kinesin and Brassinosteroid insensitive were found to be associated with panicle size. A haplotype analysis showed that genetic variation in haplotypes qMIL2 and qNSBBH21 were related to two traits, MIL, the greatest distance between two nodes on the rachis, and NSBBH, the number of primary branches in the bottom half of a panicle, respectively. Analysis of epistatic interactions revealed a marker affecting clustered traits. Several QTLs were identified on different chromosomes for the first time which may explain the phenotypic diversity of rice panicle architecture we observe in our collection of accessions. The identified candidate genes and haplotypes could be used in marker-assisted selection to improve rice yield through gene pyramiding.
{"title":"Genome-wide association study of rice (Oryza sativa L.) inflorescence architecture","authors":"Masoumeh Kordi , Naser Farrokhi , Asadollah Ahmadikhah , Pär K. Ingvarsson , Abbas Saidi , Mehdi Jahanfar","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice yield strongly depends on panicle size and architecture but the genetics underlying these traits and their coordination with environmental cues through various signaling pathways have remained elusive. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to pinpoint the underlying genetic determinants for rice panicle architecture by analyzing 20 panicle-related traits using a data set consisting of 44,100 SNPs. We defined QTL windows around significant SNPs by the rate of LD decay for each chromosome and used these windows to identify putative candidate genes associated with the trait. Using a publicly available RNA-seq data set we performed analyses to identify the differentially expressed genes between stem and panicle with putative functions in panicle architecture. In total, 52 significant SNPs were identified, corresponding to 41 unique QTLs across the 12 rice chromosomes, with the most signals appearing on chromosome 1 (nine associated SNPs), and seven significant SNPs for each of chromosomes 8 and 12. Some novel genes such as <em>Ankyrin</em>, <em>Duf</em>, <em>Kinesin</em> and <em>Brassinosteroid insensitive</em> were found to be associated with panicle size. A haplotype analysis showed that genetic variation in haplotypes qMIL2 and qNSBBH21 were related to two traits, MIL, the greatest distance between two nodes on the rachis, and NSBBH, the number of primary branches in the bottom half of a panicle, respectively. Analysis of epistatic interactions revealed a marker affecting clustered traits. Several QTLs were identified on different chromosomes for the first time which may explain the phenotypic diversity of rice panicle architecture we observe in our collection of accessions. The identified candidate genes and haplotypes could be used in marker-assisted selection to improve rice yield through gene pyramiding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic elicitors are non-toxic chemicals and safe for the environment when applied to plants in a variety of ways. They have been shown to interact with defense mechanisms of plants and cause the production of a wide range of valuable secondary metabolites, both volatile and non-volatile. Plants primed with chemical elicitors are indirectly induced to increase their resistance to herbivore attacks in addition to imparting tolerance or resistance to nearby plants against biotic stresses. The market is stocked with jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and their derivatives/analogues, which have been shown to either repel or attract herbivores. While phytotoxicity has only been documented in a small number of cases, a significant increase in yield has been reported in a wide range of crops. This review includes a detailed summary of various field and laboratory experiments elucidating the mechanism of action and efficacies of exogenous application and seed priming of synthetic phytohormones on plant growth, development, and yield of different crops.
{"title":"Synthetic elicitors-induced defense in crops against herbivory: A review","authors":"Malawanthkar Rani, Ramasamy Kanagaraj Murali-Baskaran","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic elicitors are non-toxic chemicals and safe for the environment when applied to plants in a variety of ways. They have been shown to interact with defense mechanisms of plants and cause the production of a wide range of valuable secondary metabolites, both volatile and non-volatile. Plants primed with chemical elicitors are indirectly induced to increase their resistance to herbivore attacks in addition to imparting tolerance or resistance to nearby plants against biotic stresses. The market is stocked with jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and their derivatives/analogues, which have been shown to either repel or attract herbivores. While phytotoxicity has only been documented in a small number of cases, a significant increase in yield has been reported in a wide range of crops. This review includes a detailed summary of various field and laboratory experiments elucidating the mechanism of action and efficacies of exogenous application and seed priming of synthetic phytohormones on plant growth, development, and yield of different crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142966433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112380
Mei Wang , Xiangxue Yu , Jingyi Zhao , Zhijia Tian , Bo Chen , Qian Li , Dingguo Zhang , Fanfan Zhang , Li Zhang , Xinyong Guo
Photosynthesis is essential for the accumulation of organic compounds in plant leaves. Study of photosynthesis in the leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera is crucial for enhancing its biomass production, growth, and development. Here, we cloned the SikPsaF gene associated with photosynthesis from Saussurea involucrata and constructed a vector that was introduced into B. papyrifera to generate a transgenic strain. We then assessed various photosynthesis-related parameters in the transgenic plants and examined the function of this gene and its expression patterns under cold stress. The results showed that SikPsaF was localized to chloroplasts. Its expression was induced by light, and its expression was higher in the leaves than in other tissues. Furthermore, SikPsaF expression increased significantly under cold stress. The biomass of transgenic lines was greater than that of wild-type plants. Overexpression of this gene led to increases in the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic indices, which mitigated cell membrane damage and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. SikPsaF overexpression also helped maintain high antioxidant enzyme activity and a high content of osmoregulatory substances during stress; the increased enzyme activities were due to up-regulated gene expression. Overexpression of SikPsaF has a major effect on growth and development by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, improving yield, conferring cold resistance, and reducing damage to the cell membrane and ROS accumulation at low temperatures. In summary, our findings indicate that these transgenic plants have enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and resilience against biotic stresses.
{"title":"Overexpression of SikPsaF can increase the biomass of Broussonetia papyrifera by improving its photosynthetic efficiency and cold tolerance","authors":"Mei Wang , Xiangxue Yu , Jingyi Zhao , Zhijia Tian , Bo Chen , Qian Li , Dingguo Zhang , Fanfan Zhang , Li Zhang , Xinyong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photosynthesis is essential for the accumulation of organic compounds in plant leaves. Study of photosynthesis in the leaves of <em>Broussonetia papyrifera</em> is crucial for enhancing its biomass production, growth, and development. Here, we cloned the <em>SikPsaF</em> gene associated with photosynthesis from <em>Saussurea involucrata</em> and constructed a vector that was introduced into <em>B. papyrifera</em> to generate a transgenic strain. We then assessed various photosynthesis-related parameters in the transgenic plants and examined the function of this gene and its expression patterns under cold stress. The results showed that <em>SikPsaF</em> was localized to chloroplasts. Its expression was induced by light, and its expression was higher in the leaves than in other tissues. Furthermore, <em>SikPsaF</em> expression increased significantly under cold stress. The biomass of transgenic lines was greater than that of wild-type plants. Overexpression of this gene led to increases in the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic indices, which mitigated cell membrane damage and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. <em>SikPsaF</em> overexpression also helped maintain high antioxidant enzyme activity and a high content of osmoregulatory substances during stress; the increased enzyme activities were due to up-regulated gene expression. Overexpression of <em>SikPsaF</em> has a major effect on growth and development by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, improving yield, conferring cold resistance, and reducing damage to the cell membrane and ROS accumulation at low temperatures. In summary, our findings indicate that these transgenic plants have enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and resilience against biotic stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112383
Shuang Liang , Miaomiao Yang , Linlin Zhang , Xufeng Fang , Xian Zhang , Chunhua Wei , Zuyun Dai , Zhongzhou Yang , Chaonan Wang , Bin Liu , Feishi Luan , Shi Liu
The stripe color of watermelon is a vital commercial trait and is the focus of attention of consumers and researchers. However, the genetic determinants of watermelon stripe color are incompletely understood. Based on the results of preliminary localization studies, we constructed a large-capacity F2 generation population (710 plants) using light-green striped ZXG1555 and green-striped Cream of Saskatchewan (COS) watermelon strains as parental lines for fine mapping. Genes controlling stripe color were located in an 85.284 kb region on chromosome 9, which contained five candidate genes. Combined with parental phenotypes, chlorophyll contents of rinds and stripes were assayed. Gene sequence alignment and transcriptional level analysis of parental lines predicted Cla97C09G175170 (encoding a two-component response regulator-like protein, APRR2) as the best candidate gene for stripe color trait. Two SNPs in the ClAPRR2 coding region caused amino acid substitutions, but were not located in the conserved domain, while a 12 bp insertion caused premature translation termination and a 35 amino acid deletion in the conserved domain and may have affected ClAPRR2 function in ZXG1555. Subcellular localization analysis showed that ClAPRR2 was expressed in the ZXG1555 cell membrane but was located in the nucleus and cell membrane of COS. Nucleotide polymorphisms and deletions were also detected in the promoter region between parental lines and caused cis-acting element variations. Luciferase activity suggested that promoter variations may not be the main factor in the regulation of ClAPRR2 expression.
{"title":"Identification and characterization of ClAPRR2, a key candidate gene controlling watermelon stripe color","authors":"Shuang Liang , Miaomiao Yang , Linlin Zhang , Xufeng Fang , Xian Zhang , Chunhua Wei , Zuyun Dai , Zhongzhou Yang , Chaonan Wang , Bin Liu , Feishi Luan , Shi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stripe color of watermelon is a vital commercial trait and is the focus of attention of consumers and researchers. However, the genetic determinants of watermelon stripe color are incompletely understood. Based on the results of preliminary localization studies, we constructed a large-capacity F<sub>2</sub> generation population (710 plants) using light-green striped ZXG1555 and green-striped Cream of Saskatchewan (COS) watermelon strains as parental lines for fine mapping. Genes controlling stripe color were located in an 85.284 kb region on chromosome 9, which contained five candidate genes. Combined with parental phenotypes, chlorophyll contents of rinds and stripes were assayed. Gene sequence alignment and transcriptional level analysis of parental lines predicted <em>Cla97C09G175170</em> (encoding a two-component response regulator-like protein, <em>APRR2</em>) as the best candidate gene for stripe color trait. Two SNPs in the <em>ClAPRR2</em> coding region caused amino acid substitutions, but were not located in the conserved domain, while a 12 bp insertion caused premature translation termination and a 35 amino acid deletion in the conserved domain and may have affected <em>ClAPRR2</em> function in ZXG1555. Subcellular localization analysis showed that <em>ClAPRR2</em> was expressed in the ZXG1555 cell membrane but was located in the nucleus and cell membrane of COS. Nucleotide polymorphisms and deletions were also detected in the promoter region between parental lines and caused cis-acting element variations. Luciferase activity suggested that promoter variations may not be the main factor in the regulation of <em>ClAPRR2</em> expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112384
Minyu Shou , Qinzhe Lin , Ying Xu , Ruiyan Zhu , Min Shi , Guoyin Kai
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been served as not only medicine for human ailments, but also health care products. As one of major bioactive ingredients, tanshinones are widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and also possess different pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and others. However, the content of tanshinones is relatively low in S. miltiorrhiza plants. Recently, multiple biotechnological strategies have been applied to improve tanshinone production. In this review, advances in bioactivities, biosynthesis pathway and regulation, transcriptional regulatory network, epigenetic modification and synthetic biology are summarized, and future perspectives are discussed, which will help develop high-quality S. miltiorrhiza resources.
{"title":"New insights of advanced biotechnological engineering strategies for tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza","authors":"Minyu Shou , Qinzhe Lin , Ying Xu , Ruiyan Zhu , Min Shi , Guoyin Kai","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salvia miltiorrhiza</em> Bunge, a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been served as not only medicine for human ailments, but also health care products. As one of major bioactive ingredients, tanshinones are widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and also possess different pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and others. However, the content of tanshinones is relatively low in <em>S. miltiorrhiza</em> plants. Recently, multiple biotechnological strategies have been applied to improve tanshinone production. In this review, advances in bioactivities, biosynthesis pathway and regulation, transcriptional regulatory network, epigenetic modification and synthetic biology are summarized, and future perspectives are discussed, which will help develop high-quality <em>S. miltiorrhiza</em> resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112381
Pratichi Sarkar , Aparna Boral , Devrani Mitra
Ubiquitous to every stratum of life, cryptochromes regulate numerous light dependent functions in terrestrial plants. These include light-dependent transcription, circadian rhythm, inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, programmed cell death, promotion of floral initiation, mediation of gravitropic response, responding to biotic and abiotic stress etc. There have been quite a few seminal reviews including on plant cryptochromes, focusing mostly on the detailed functional aspects. This review primarily focuses on understanding the link connecting sequence-structure hierarchy behind the functional diversity in plant cryptochromes. With available sequence information and 3D structure data, we hereby explore the molecular origin of functional diversity in both the subtypes i.e., CRY1 and CRY2. First, we discuss the structural details and functional distinctiveness of all subtypes of plant cryptochromes. Next we draw a comparison not just between two cryptochromes but also other Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family (CPF) members e.g. CRY-DASH/CRY3 and CPD/6–4 photolyases of plant origin. Further, by constructing a phylogenetic profile from multiple sequence alignment we investigate how a crucial activity like DNA repair is restricted to some members of CPF and not all. It is a well-known fact that the function of a protein is heavily if not solely guided by the structure-sequence relationship. Therefore, the resultant hypothesis as drawn from this comparative and collective study could predict functions of many under-studied plant cryptochromes when compared with their well-studied counterparts like Arabidopsis cryptochromes. An extensive sequence-structure-function analysis complemented with evolutionary studies and bibliographic survey is useful towards understanding the immensely diverse CPF.
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