Plant Science最新文献_第8页

Evaluation of resistance to Verticillium wilt in Gossypium hirsutum-Gossypium arboreum introgression lines and identification of putative resistance genes using RNA-seq 利用RNA-seq技术鉴定棉-树棉渗入系对黄萎病的抗性及推定抗性基因。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112353

Shuang Gao , Susu Liu , Guoli Feng , Jianbo Gao , Ningshan Wang , Nijiang Ai , Baoliang Zhou

Verticillium wilt (VW), a fungal disease caused by Verticillium dahliae (Vd), is one of the most destructive threats to cotton production. Moreover, widely cultivated upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, 2n = 4x = AADD = 52) often demonstrates low resistance to Vd. In contrast, G. arboreum (2n = 2x = AA = 26) shows high resistant to VW, making it a valuable source for breeding, despite the challenges posed by hybridization incompatibility between the two species. Here, a population of introgression lines derived from G. hirsutum and G. arboreum was evaluated for resistance to VW through both glasshouse and field tests. Among these lines, DM11039 demonstrated high resistance to VW. Both DM11039 and the recipient TM-1 underwent transcriptome sequencing during Vd infection at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h post inoculation. The analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were predominantly associated with resistance mechanisms. Based on the results from transcriptome sequencing and weighted correlation network analysis, three DEGs from each parent—G. arboreum and G. hirsutum— in DM11039 were subjected to virus-induced gene silencing in cotton seedlings. The findings revealed that silencing of GaPP2A1, GaPDH-E1, or GaLRK10L-1.2, which are located within the introgression segments from G. arboreum, significantly impaired disease resistance in cotton. This suggests that these genes are potentially linked to the disease phenotype. In contrast, silencing of GHA13G1263, GhZIP1 or GHA10G2498 from G. hirsutum did not result in any changes in disease resistance in DM11039. The results indicate G. arboreum harbors resistance genes to VW. Furthermore, the introgression population presents a valuable resource for future cotton breeding.

黄萎病（Verticillium wilt， VW）是一种由大丽花黄萎病（Verticillium dahliae, Vd）引起的真菌病害，是棉花生产中最具破坏性的威胁之一。此外，广泛种植的陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum, 2n=4x=AADD=52）对Vd的抗性往往较低。相比之下，G. arboreum （2n=2x=AA=26）表现出对VW的高抗性，使其成为有价值的育种资源，尽管这两个物种之间的杂交不相容带来了挑战。本研究通过温室试验和田间试验，评价了一群由毛竹和木本遗传的遗传渗入系对大众病的抗性。其中DM11039对VW表现出较高的抗性。DM11039和受体TM-1分别在接种Vd后0、4、12、24、48和96小时进行转录组测序。分析发现差异表达基因（DEGs），主要与耐药机制相关。基于转录组测序和加权相关网络分析的结果，每个亲本g的三个deg。在DM11039棉花幼苗中，用病毒诱导的基因沉默处理了arboreum和G. hirsutum- in。研究结果表明，GaPP2A1、GaPDH-E1和GaLRK10L-1.2基因的沉默显著降低了棉花的抗病性，而GaPP2A1、GaPDH-E1和GaLRK10L-1.2基因位于木棉基因渗入片段中。这表明这些基因可能与疾病表型有关。相比之下，G. hirsutum中GHA13G1263、GhZIP1或GHA10G2498的沉默并未导致DM11039的抗病性发生任何变化。结果表明，木兰花含有对VW的抗性基因。此外，渐渗群体为未来棉花育种提供了宝贵的资源。

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引用次数: 0

NAC100 regulates silique growth during the initial phase of fruit development through the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway NAC100通过赤霉素生物合成途径调控果实发育初期的硅酸生长。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112344

Annamaria Massafra , Sara Forlani , Lorenzo Periccioli , Lisa Rotasperti , Chiara Mizzotti , Lorenzo Mariotti , Andrea Tagliani , Simona Masiero

The NAC transcription factor family is a large class of DNA-binding proteins found in several plant species. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, NAC transcription factors are expressed in different organs, and they are known to modulate many diverse developmental processes, such as meristem formation, flower and fruit development, leaf and fruit senescence. From a previous time-lapse transcriptomic analysis of developing siliques performed by our group, we found a NAC transcription factor, NAC100, that is upregulated during silique development. In this work, we characterized the role of the NAC100 transcription factor and demonstrated that NAC100 contributes to regulating silique growth during the initial phase of their development. nac100 mutant siliques are smaller but such defects can be rescued through the application of exogenous bioactive gibberellin. Gene expression analysis, transactivation assay and endogenous gibberellin quantification indicate that NAC100 modulates gibberellin metabolism, by both directly and indirectly regulating GA-metabolic genes expression, ultimately affecting silique elongation.

NAC转录因子家族是在几种植物物种中发现的一类dna结合蛋白。在模式植物拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）中，NAC转录因子在不同的器官中表达，并调节着许多不同的发育过程，如分生组织的形成、花和果实的发育、叶和果实的衰老。从我们小组之前对发育中的硅骨进行的时间推移转录组学分析中，我们发现了NAC转录因子NAC100在硅骨发育过程中上调。在这项工作中，我们表征了NAC100转录因子的作用，并证明了NAC100在其发育的初始阶段有助于调节硅藻的生长。Nac100突变体的硅片较小，但可以通过外源生物活性赤霉素的应用来挽救这些缺陷。基因表达分析、转激活实验和内源赤霉素定量分析表明，NAC100通过直接和间接调节ga代谢基因表达，调节赤霉素代谢，最终影响硅酸伸长。

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引用次数: 0

NcBRI1 positively regulate vascular development and promote biomass production in Neolamarckia cadamba NcBRI1正调控油松维管发育，促进生物质生产。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112352

Wenjie Liu , Xiaoping Wang , Zeping Zhao, Huixiang Wu, Wei Lu, Mengjiao Huang, Xin Zhang, Jianjun Zhang, Juan Mao, Jianming Li, Linchuan Liu

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential phytohormones that play a crucial role in plant growth and development. However, our understanding of BR receptors and their functions in tree species is currently limited. In this study, we looked for potential BR receptor genes in the burflower-tree (Neolamarckia cadamba) genome. We identified five candidate gene from sequence analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction. Among these genes, Neolamarckia cadamba BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (NcBRI1) is ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues and encodes a functional BR receptor localized to the plasma membrane. Ectopic expression of NcBRI1 in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) loss-of-function BRI1 mutant bri1–5 not only rescued its growth retardation phenotype but also facilitated vascular development by reactivating BR signal transduction. Furthermore, overexpression of NcBRI1 promoted vascular formation and cell elongation in transgenic hairy roots of Neolamarckia cadamba. By contrast, microRNA-mediated knockdown of NcBRI1 resulted in delayed vascular development and smaller cells. Importantly, we found that manipulation of NcBRI1 in Neolamarckia cadamba can enhance the biomass of hairy roots. These findings highlight the critical role of NcBRI1 in BR signaling and its significant influence on vascular development and rapid growth in Neolamarckia cadamba.

油菜素内酯（BRs）是一种重要的植物激素，在植物生长发育中起着至关重要的作用。然而，目前我们对BR受体及其在树种中的功能了解有限。在这项研究中，我们在牛蒡树（Neolamarckia cadamba）基因组中寻找潜在的BR受体基因。通过序列分析和系统发育重建，确定了5个候选基因。在这些基因中，Neolamarckia cadamba brassinosteroids - insensitive 1 （NcBRI1）在所有被测组织中普遍表达，并编码一种定位于质膜的功能性BR受体。在拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）功能缺失BRI1突变体BRI1 -5中，NcBRI1的异位表达不仅挽救了其生长迟缓表型，而且通过重新激活BR信号转导促进了血管发育。此外，NcBRI1的过表达促进了转基因玉米毛状根的维管形成和细胞伸长。相比之下，microrna介导的NcBRI1敲低导致血管发育延迟和细胞变小。重要的是，我们发现操纵NcBRI1可以增加毛状根的生物量。这些发现强调了NcBRI1在BR信号传导中的关键作用，以及它对Neolamarckia cadamba血管发育和快速生长的重要影响。

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引用次数: 0

GPA1 is a determinant of leaf width and fruit size in tomato GPA1是番茄叶片宽度和果实大小的决定因子。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112336

Xiang Wang , Youwei Wang , Ziyi Zheng , Yongmei Cui

The identification and dissection of the genetic foundations underlying natural variations in crop species are critical for understanding their phenotypic diversity and for subsequent application in selective breeding. In this research, we identify a natural polymorphism in the promoter region of the G protein α subunit 1 (GPA1) gene, which is associated with the width of the tomato leaves. This may be an evolutionary consequence resulting from the domestication processes aimed at increasing fruit size. A functional disruption of the GPA1 gene resulted in a significant reduction in both the leaf size and the fruit mass in tomatoes compared to the wild type. Further exploration revealed that the intrinsic variation present in the GPA1 promoter region is responsible for the differential expression of the GPA1 gene. Distinct GPA1 haplotypes show a significant correlation with geographic distribution, suggesting that the polymorphisms within the GPA1 locus confer adaptive advantages for modulating leaf morphology in tomatoes, reflecting evolutionary responses to regional environmental pressures. Consequently, our findings provide new insights into the genetic diversity underlying leaf morphology and offer a valuable genetic resource for the selective breeding of cultivated tomato varieties.

鉴定和剖析作物自然变异的遗传基础对于理解其表型多样性和随后在选择育种中的应用至关重要。在这项研究中，我们鉴定了G蛋白α亚基1 （GPA1）基因启动子区域的天然多态性，该多态性与番茄叶片的宽度有关。这可能是旨在增加果实大小的驯化过程的进化结果。与野生型相比，GPA1基因的功能破坏导致番茄的叶片大小和果实质量显著减少。进一步的研究发现，GPA1启动子区域的内在变异是GPA1基因差异表达的原因。不同的GPA1单倍型与地理分布有显著的相关性，表明GPA1位点内的多态性赋予了番茄叶片形态调节的适应性优势，反映了对区域环境压力的进化响应。因此，我们的研究结果为了解番茄叶片形态的遗传多样性提供了新的见解，并为栽培番茄品种的选择育种提供了宝贵的遗传资源。

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引用次数: 0

GmHSP40.1, a nuclear-localized soybean J domain protein, participates in regulation of flowering time through interacting with EMF1 and JMJ14 GmHSP40.1是一个核定位的大豆J结构域蛋白，通过与EMF1和JMJ14相互作用参与开花时间的调控。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112342

Chi Zhang , Hu-Jiao Lan , Li-Na Liao , Min-Jun Huang , Wei Xu , Hui Zhang , Qianqian Ma , Feng Li , Ninghui Cheng , Paul A. Nakata , Steven A. Whitham , Jian-Zhong Liu

Heat shock protein 40s (HSP40s) are a group of J domain proteins (JDPs), which serve as co-chaperones for heat shock protein 70s. We previously reported that over-expression of a soybean class C JDP, GmHSP40.1, in Arabidopsis activated defense responses. Surprisingly, a significantly delayed flowering phenotype was also observed for the GmHSP40.1-overexpressing (OE) lines. We provided evidence that the late-flowering phenotype observed in the GmHSP40.1-OE lines was not due to impaired pri-miRNA processing and pre-mRNA splicing. Instead, we found that GmHSP40.1 interacted and co-localized with both EMF1 and JMJ14, two major components in the EMF1 complex (EMF1c), which plays a key role in depositing and maintaining the H3K27me3 modification in the FT locus. Consistent with these interactions, the H3K27me3 modification at FT chromatin was significantly increased, whereas the H3K27me3 modification at FLC locus was significantly decreased in the GmHSP40.1-OE line compared with the wde-type Col-0. Interestingly, the H3K4me3 modification was just opposite to H3K27me3 modification at FT and FLC loci, suggesting an antagonistic relationship between these two modifications. Accordingly, the expression of FT and FLC was significantly reduced and increased, respectively, in the GmHSP40.1-OE line compared with that of Col-0. Lastly, we showed that both EMF1 and JMJ14 are genetically epistatic to GmHSP40.1-overexpression. Together, our results revealed that GmHSP40.1 negatively regulates flowering time through promoting the function of EMF1c via interacting with both EMF1 and JMJ14.

热休克蛋白40s （HSP40s）是一组J结构域蛋白（jdp），是热休克蛋白70s的共伴侣蛋白。我们之前报道过，在拟南芥中，大豆C类JDP GmHSP40.1的过表达激活了防御反应。令人惊讶的是，gmhsp40.1过表达（OE）系也观察到明显延迟开花表型。我们提供的证据表明，在GmHSP40.1-OE系中观察到的晚花表型不是由于pri-miRNA加工和pre-mRNA剪接受损。相反，我们发现GmHSP40.1与EMF1复合物（EMF1c）中的两个主要成分EMF1和JMJ14相互作用并共定位，EMF1复合物在FT位点沉积和维持H3K27me3修饰中起关键作用。与这些相互作用相一致，GmHSP40.1-OE系FT染色质上的H3K27me3修饰显著增加，而FLC位点上的H3K27me3修饰与wde型col0相比显著降低。有趣的是，H3K4me3修饰恰好与FT和FLC位点的H3K27me3修饰相反，这表明这两种修饰之间存在拮抗关系。因此，与Col-0相比，GmHSP40.1-OE细胞系中FT和FLC的表达分别显著降低和升高。最后，我们发现EMF1和JMJ14对gmhsp40.1过表达具有遗传上位性。总之，我们的研究结果表明，GmHSP40.1通过与EMF1和JMJ14相互作用，通过促进EMF1c的功能，负向调节开花时间。

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引用次数: 0

PpGATA4 mediates fruit softening and transcriptionally regulates PpEXPA1 in peach (Prunus persica) PpGATA4介导桃子果实软化，并通过转录调控PpEXPA1。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112341

Dingwang Lu , Mengjie Xu , Yinchun Li, Xueqi He, Jinping Cao, Changqing Zhu, Chongde Sun, Huijuan Jia, Shaojia Li

Softening during fruit ripening often exacerbates mechanical damage during postharvest processing and increases susceptibility to pathogens. According to current research, the fruit softening process is closely related to the degradation of the cell wall. The nonenzymatic protein expansin (EXP) is a key cell wall loosening agent involved in cell growth and cell wall degradation. However, the transcriptional regulation of EXPs during peach fruit softening remains unclear. In this study, the transcription factor PpGATA4 was found to be involved in the postharvest softening of peach fruit. To better understand the regulatory mechanisms involved, the GATA gene family in peach (Prunus persica) was identified. Analysis of the transcriptomes of the transient overexpression and postharvest storage stages of peach revealed that an expansin gene, PpEXPA1, was related to PpGATA4. Further studies revealed a regulatory model in which PpGATA4 could transactivate the expression of PpEXPA1.

水果成熟过程中的软化往往会加剧采后加工过程中的机械损伤，并增加对病原体的易感性。根据目前的研究，果实的软化过程与细胞壁的降解密切相关。非酶促蛋白扩张蛋白（EXP）是参与细胞生长和细胞壁降解的关键细胞壁松动剂。然而，桃果软化过程中exp的转录调控尚不清楚。本研究发现转录因子PpGATA4参与了桃果实采后软化过程。为了更好地了解GATA基因的调控机制，我们对桃GATA基因家族进行了鉴定。对桃瞬时过表达和采后贮藏阶段的转录组分析表明，扩增蛋白PpEXPA1与PpGATA4相关。进一步的研究揭示了PpGATA4可以反激活PpEXPA1表达的调控模型。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of tissue culture and Cas9 transgene expression in tomato: A step towards CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic improvement 番茄组织培养及Cas9基因表达优化：迈向CRISPR/Cas9基因改良的一步

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112324

Rashmi Kaul , Arulprakash Thangaraj , Shivani Sharda , Tanushri Kaul

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an essential source of antioxidants and a prime candidate for bioengineering experiments. Many studies have aimed to improve tomatoes using CRISPR/Cas9 technology; however, the success rate is limited due to the lack of efficient regeneration and genetic modification techniques. Here, we report an efficient regeneration and transformation procedure focused on developing efficient Cas9 gene transgenic tomato plants using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring pCRISPR/Cas9TK2-NIC binary vector. We optimized the concentrations and combinations of growth hormones to promote direct shoot and root regeneration via hypocotyl explants. We found that MS medium 2.0 mg/l Zeatin (Zn) + 1.5 mg/l Indole −3- acetic acid (IAA) + 0.3 mg/l Benzyl amino purine (BAP) was preeminent for shoot regeneration medium, and 0.5 mg/l BAP+ 0.1 mg/l IAA was appropriate for root regeneration. Cas9 transgenes in the tomato genome of putative tomato plants were validated using various methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and confirmed via Southern blotting. The developed protocol showed improved regeneration and transformation efficiencies in tomatoes of 88 % and 54 %, respectively. In this study, we successfully established a gene delivery platform for tomatoes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）是抗氧化剂的重要来源，也是生物工程实验的主要候选者。许多研究旨在利用CRISPR/Cas9技术改善西红柿；然而，由于缺乏有效的再生和基因改造技术，成功率有限。在这里，我们报道了一种高效的再生和转化过程，重点是利用农杆菌菌株LBA4404培育出高效的Cas9基因转基因番茄植株，该菌株携带pCRISPR/Cas9TK2-NIC二元载体。通过优化生长激素的浓度和组合，促进下胚轴外植体的茎和根再生。结果表明，MS培养基2.0mg/l玉米素(Zn) + 1.5mg/l吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA) + 0.3mg/l苄基氨基嘌呤（BAP）是植株再生的最佳培养基，0.5mg/l BAP+ 0.1mg/l IAA是根系再生的最佳培养基。利用包括聚合酶链反应（PCR）在内的多种方法验证了番茄基因组中的Cas9转基因，并通过Southern blotting证实了Cas9转基因。开发的方案表明，番茄的再生和转化效率分别提高了88%和54%。在本研究中，我们利用CRISPR/Cas9系统成功建立了番茄基因传递平台。

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引用次数: 0

Cytoprotective role of pyruvate in mitigating abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana 丙酮酸在减轻拟南芥非生物胁迫反应中的细胞保护作用。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112325

Nazmir Binta Alam, Sangay Pelzang, Arushi Jain, Ananda Mustafiz

Pyruvate is a central metabolite in cellular respiration and metabolism. It can neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), safeguard mitochondrial membrane potential, and regulate gene expression under oxidative stress. However, its role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants needs to be explored. Therefore, the current study investigated the role of pyruvate and its metabolism in response to different abiotic stresses in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We retrieved transcript profiling data for pyruvate metabolism and transportation genes (D-LDH, AlaAT, PK, MPC, PDC, PDH, NAD-ME) from public databases. The study’s findings indicate that these genes’ expression is regulated in response to different abiotic stresses. Moreover, the promoter region of these genes contained multiple cis-acting elements like ABRE, ARE, P-box, and MBS, which are associated with plants' abiotic stress response. Furthermore, colorimetric analysis showed higher pyruvate content under different abiotic stresses. Therefore, exogenous pyruvate treatment was given before and after different abiotic stresses, which could combat the toxicity of pro-oxidant molecules by pyruvate intake. The semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that exogenous pyruvate treatment enhances the expression of important transcription factors WRKY2, GH3.3, DREB2A, and bZIP1, and stress-responsive genes e.g., APX1, ERD5, ADC2, and HSP70 in addition to abiotic stresses. Moreover, Arabidopsis plants pre-treated with pyruvate before oxidative stress showed less RBOHD expression. Additionally, pyruvate's cytoprotective role was compared to other well-known antioxidants such as NAC, Trolox, and GSH. Finally, untargeted GC-MS/MS analysis of abiotic stress-treated Arabidopsis plants showed a higher metabolite level of β-hydroxy-pyruvic acid, indicating the crucial role of pyruvate during abiotic stress.

丙酮酸是细胞呼吸和代谢的中心代谢物。它可以中和活性氧（ROS），保护线粒体膜电位，调节氧化应激下的基因表达。然而，其在植物非生物逆境抗性中的作用有待进一步研究。因此，本研究对拟南芥中丙酮酸及其代谢在不同非生物胁迫下的作用进行了研究。我们从公共数据库中检索了丙酮酸代谢和运输基因（D-LDH, AlaAT， PK， MPC， PDC， PDH, ad - me）的转录谱分析数据。研究结果表明，这些基因的表达在不同的非生物胁迫下受到调节。此外，这些基因的启动子区域包含ABRE、ARE、P-box、MBS等多个顺式作用元件，这些元件与植物的非生物胁迫反应有关。比色分析表明，在不同的非生物胁迫下，丙酮酸含量较高。因此，在不同的非生物胁迫前后给予外源性丙酮酸处理，可以通过摄入丙酮酸来对抗促氧化分子的毒性。半定量RT-PCR分析显示，外源丙酮酸处理增加了重要转录因子WRKY2、GH3.3、DREB2A和bZIP1的表达，以及应激反应基因APX1、ERD5、ADC2和HSP70的表达。此外，氧化胁迫前经丙酮酸预处理的拟南芥植株RBOHD表达量较低。此外，丙酮酸的细胞保护作用与其他众所周知的抗氧化剂如NAC、Trolox和GSH进行了比较。最后，非生物胁迫处理的拟南芥植株的非靶向GC-MS/MS分析显示，β-羟基丙酮酸代谢产物水平较高，表明丙酮酸在非生物胁迫过程中起着至关重要的作用。

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引用次数: 0

The antagonistic effects of red and blue light radiation on leaf and stem development of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings 红蓝光辐射对辣椒幼苗叶片和茎部发育的拮抗作用

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112338

Shujie Gai , Liujuan Su , Chengzhu Tang, Mao Xia, Zhi Zhou

Light spectrum plays an essential role in influencing the growth and development of vegetable seedlings in industrial seedling raising. Currently, blue light, red light, and their combination are utilized in industrial seedling raising. However, the theoretical basis behind the screening of red and blue light combinations remains unclear. Therefore, we utilized pepper seedlings to investigate the effects mechanism of B (blue light, 450 nm) and R (red light, 660 nm) light-emitting diodes (pc-LED) on stem and leaf development，the full spectrum light was used as a control (W). The growth of pepper seedlings was evaluated by measuring indicators such as leaf, stem growth, and cellular ultrastructure, and try to reveal the regulatory pathways of auxin in leaves at the level of gene expression and transcriptome analysis. The results indicated that compared to W, the blue light led to shorter internodes and reduced plant height, while the red light resulted in larger leaves and elongated internodes of pepper seedlings. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the antagonism was associated with the longitudinal elongation and transverse expansion of the stem and the expansion efficiency of leaf epidermal cells. Further analysis indicated that cell proliferation and leaf growth were regulated by the phytohormone pathway through light signaling. The blue light upregulated the expression of CaRAX in the phytohormone pathway, while red light increased the expression of CaGRF and CaARF, thereby influencing leaf size. These findings offer new insights into spectral screening for industrial seedling cultivation.

在工业育苗中，光谱对蔬菜幼苗的生长发育起着至关重要的作用。目前，工业育苗主要采用蓝光、红光及其组合光。然而，红光和蓝光组合的筛选背后的理论基础仍不清楚。因此，本研究以辣椒幼苗为研究对象，以全光谱光(W)为对照，研究了B（蓝光，450 nm）和R（红光，660 nm）发光二极管（pc-LED）对辣椒茎叶发育的影响机制。通过测量辣椒幼苗叶片、茎叶生长、细胞超微结构等指标来评价辣椒幼苗的生长状况，并试图在基因表达和转录组分析水平上揭示叶片生长素的调控途径。结果表明：与W处理相比，蓝光处理使辣椒幼苗节间缩短，株高降低；红光处理使辣椒幼苗叶片变大，节间拉长；超微结构分析表明，拮抗作用与茎的纵向伸长和横向扩张以及叶表皮细胞的扩张效率有关。进一步分析表明，植物激素途径通过光信号调控细胞增殖和叶片生长。蓝光上调了植物激素通路中CaRAX的表达，红光增加了CaGRF和CaARF的表达，从而影响叶片大小。这些发现为苗木工业栽培的光谱筛选提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Manifold roles of potassium in mediating drought tolerance in plants and its underlying mechanisms 钾在植物耐旱性中的多重作用及其内在机制

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112337

Savita Bhardwaj , Bharat Kapoor , Dhriti Kapoor , Usha Thakur , Yanchen Dolma , Ali Raza

Drought stress (DS) is a major devastating factor affecting plant growth and development worldwide. Potassium (K) is considered a vigorous moiety and stress alleviator, which crop cultivars need for better yield. It is also helpful in alleviating the DS-induced negative consequences by regulating various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms in plants. Particularly, the K application improves plant tolerance against DS by improving plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, cell turgor pressure, osmotic pressure, nutritional balance, compatible solutes, and the plant's antioxidant defense system. Apart from its role as a constituent of the plant structure, biochemical processes such as protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and enzyme activation are also regulated by K. However, the exact K-mediated molecular mechanisms of DS tolerance are still unclear and require more investigation. The present review aims to provide insight into the role of K in regulating various morphological and physico-chemical aspects under DS. It also emphasizes the crosstalk of K with other nutrients and phytohormones, as well as molecular mechanisms for K homeostasis under DS. We have also shed light on genomics analysis to discover K transporter's novel genes in different plant species.

干旱胁迫（DS）是影响全球植物生长和发育的一个主要破坏性因素。钾（K）被认为是一种具有活力的物质和缓解胁迫的物质，作物栽培需要它来提高产量。钾还能调节植物的各种形态、生理、生化和分子机制，从而有助于减轻 DS 引发的负面影响。特别是，施用钾元素可以改善植物的生长参数、光合色素、细胞张力压力、渗透压、营养平衡、相容性溶质和植物的抗氧化防御系统，从而提高植物对 DS 的耐受性。除了作为植物结构成分的作用外，蛋白质合成、碳水化合物代谢和酶活化等生化过程也受到钾的调控。然而，钾介导的耐受 DS 的确切分子机制仍不清楚，需要更多的研究。本综述旨在深入探讨钾在 DS 条件下调节各种形态和物理化学方面的作用。本综述还强调了钾与其他养分和植物激素之间的相互影响，以及钾在 DS 条件下平衡的分子机制。我们还通过基因组学分析，发现了不同植物物种中钾转运体的新基因。

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引用次数: 0