Plant Science最新文献_第8页

Comparative analysis of adaptive mechanisms to salt-alkali stress in two Leymus chinensis ecotypes 两个羊草生态型对盐碱胁迫适应机制的比较分析。

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112991

Yanjie Liu , Jing Wu , Kaiman Ma , Anqi Pang , Yongzheng Qiu , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Jieyun Cheng , Aimin Zhou , Yue Wang

Salt-alkali stress critically limits plant growth and agriculture. Leymus chinensis, a dominant perennial grass in the saline-alkali soils of the Songnen Plain in Northeast China, possesses strong environmental adaptability and high forage value. Two natural ecotypes, Yellow-Green (YG) and Gray-Green (GG), are found in this region, yet their morphological and adaptive differences have not been systematically elucidated. This study compared the physiological responses and transcriptome changes of these ecotypes under neutral salt and alkaline salt treatments to evaluate their salt-alkali tolerance. The GG ecotype accumulated more hemicellulose and total pectin in its roots. Under low salt-alkali stress, photosynthetic pigment synthesis and ion accumulation were promoted in both ecotypes. However, under high stress, the GG ecotype exhibited significantly higher activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase compared to YG, supporting superior ion homeostasis. Concurrently, the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II remained stable in GG, with non-photochemical quenching increasing, yielding superior photosynthetic protection. Salt-alkali stress caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in both ecotypes, especially in YG. The GG ecotype maintained a more efficient antioxidant defense system by significantly enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant content. Transcriptome analysis revealed that under high stress, key pathways (e.g., MAPK signaling, phenylpropanoid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism) were activated in GG leaves. In roots, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were enhanced. Thus, the GG ecotype exhibits an efficient regulatory network for coping with salt-alkali stress by regulating ion homeostasis, photosynthetic protection, ROS scavenging, and multiple metabolic pathways, thereby conferring greater tolerance.

盐碱胁迫严重限制植物生长和农业。羊草（Leymus chinensis）是松嫩平原盐碱地多年生优势牧草，具有较强的环境适应性和较高的饲用价值。黄绿（Yellow-Green， YG）和灰绿（grey - green， GG）两种自然生态型在该地区均有发现，但其形态和适应差异尚未得到系统的阐明。本研究比较了这些生态型在中性盐和碱性盐处理下的生理反应和转录组变化，以评价它们的盐碱耐受性。GG生态型在其根部积累了更多的半纤维素和总果胶。在低盐碱胁迫下，两个生态型的光合色素合成和离子积累均得到促进。然而，在高胁迫下，GG生态型比YG表现出更高的Na + -K + -ATPase和Ca 2 + -Mg 2 + -ATPase活性，支持更好的离子稳态。同时，光系统II的最大光化学效率在GG中保持稳定，非光化学猝灭增加，具有较好的光合保护作用。盐碱胁迫引起了两种生态型活性氧（ROS）的积累，其中YG的积累最为明显。GG生态型通过显著提高抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量，维持了更有效的抗氧化防御系统。转录组分析显示，在高胁迫条件下，GG叶片MAPK信号通路、苯丙素代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢等关键通路被激活。在根中，线粒体氧化磷酸化和三羧酸循环增强。因此，GG生态型通过调节离子稳态、光合保护、活性氧清除和多种代谢途径，表现出应对盐碱胁迫的有效调控网络，从而赋予更大的耐受性。

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引用次数: 0

Parental glyphosate exposure primes tomato offspring for enhanced growth and stress tolerance 亲本草甘膦暴露使番茄后代增强生长和抗逆性。

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112990

Francisca Moreira Cruz, Bruno Sousa, Fernanda Fidalgo, Cristiano Soares

Pesticide application has been a common and effective approach of ensuring agricultural productivity, despite the growing concern about their environmental impacts. Although the acute effects of soil residues of the herbicide glyphosate (GLY) have been demonstrated on non-target plants, its long-term consequences are still unknown. Hence, this study aimed to determine if GLY can prompt an intergenerational response in crops, using tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a model. Seeds from parental plants (F0) exposed to GLY (0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg; F0_CTR, F0_GLY2.5, and F0_GLY5.0, respectively) were germinated and then subjected to GLY exposure (0, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/kg) for 30 days, to analyse the intergenerational response in terms of biometrical growth, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidant metabolism. While GLY affected root and shoot growth, regardless of plant provenance, plants from GLY-exposed parents showed less growth inhibitions, particularly in roots at the lowest dosage (1.25 mg/kg). Moreover, the enhancement of the antioxidant capacity in F0_CTR plants’ – reflected by increased proline content and enzymatic activity – was not enough to prevent oxidative damage, as evidenced by increased H₂O₂ concentrations and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, plants of GLY-treated parents showed no signs of oxidative disorders and exhibited a reduced need to enhance enzymatic activity; the exception was catalase, whose activity increased in F0_GLY5.0 plants under 2.5 mg/kg GLY. Overall, plant response to GLY depended on both their own exposure concentration and that of their parents, suggesting an intergenerational response to GLY soil residues and providing important data for future risk evaluations.

尽管农药对环境的影响日益引起人们的关注，但农药的使用已成为确保农业生产力的一种普遍而有效的方法。虽然除草剂草甘膦（GLY）的土壤残留物对非目标植物的急性影响已经被证明，但其长期后果仍然未知。因此，本研究旨在确定GLY是否可以促进作物的代际反应，以番茄植物（Solanum lycopersicum L.）为模型。将亲本植株（F0）的种子分别暴露于GLY（0、2.5和5.0mg/kg; F0_CTR、F0_GLY2.5和F0_GLY5.0）中发芽，然后将其暴露于GLY（0、1.25和2.5mg/kg）中30 d，从生物统计学生长、氧化应激指标和抗氧化代谢方面分析代际反应。尽管GLY影响了植物的根和茎的生长，但无论植物来源如何，暴露GLY的亲本植物的生长抑制作用较小，特别是在最低剂量（1.25mg/kg）下的根。此外，F0_CTR植株抗氧化能力的增强（通过脯氨酸含量和酶活性的增加来体现）不足以防止氧化损伤，这可以从H2O2浓度和脂质过氧化的增加中得到证明。相比之下，gly处理的亲本植株没有出现氧化障碍的迹象，并且表现出对增强酶活性的需求减少；过氧化氢酶是例外，在2.5mg/kg GLY作用下，f0 ~ gl5.0植株过氧化氢酶活性升高。总体而言，植物对GLY的反应既取决于自身的暴露浓度，也取决于亲本的暴露浓度，这表明植物对GLY土壤残留物的代际反应，为未来的风险评估提供了重要数据。

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引用次数: 0

R2R3-MYB transcription factor FaesMYB15 controls floral shape and color via regulating ABC-class MADS-box genes in Long-homostyle common buckwheat R2R3-MYB转录因子FaesMYB15通过调控abc类MADS-box基因调控长同花荞麦的花形和花色

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112988

Yuzhen Liu , Yamin Li , Yalun Zheng, Aoxiang Li, Zhixiong Liu

Plant reproductive organ development is governed by complex transcriptional regulatory networks formed by ABC-class MADS-box genes. Nevertheless, how the ABC-class MADS-box genes working together with other genes to specify the reproductive organ shape are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that common buckwheat MADS-box gene FaesAP3_1 or FaesAG is directly activated by an R2R3-MYB transcription factor FaesMYB15 as a genetic downstream target, while FaesAP1_1, FaesAP3_2, FaesPI_1 or FaesPI_2 is directly repressed by FaesMYB15 as a genetic downstream target during stamen and pistil development. Furthermore, FaesMYB15 expression is directly repressed by two AP2-type TFs FaesAP2 and FaesTOE, up-regulate expression of FaesMYB15 leads to filament-length decreased in pFaesMYB15::FaesMYB15 transgenic LH common buckwheat, while silencing FaesMYB15 results in obvious style length decreased both in red and white flower LH common buckwheat, which indicating that FaesMYB15 plays key role involved in common buckwheat filament-/style-length determination. Moreover, up-regulate expression of FaesMYB15 also results in dark red anther-color of white flower pFaesMYB15::FaesMYB15 transgenic LH common buckwheat, while FaesMYB15 expression knockdown leads to lighter tepal-color of red color flower without obvious anther-color change and lighter anther-color of white flower LH F. esculentum, suggesting different floral color pattern governed by FaesMYB15 between red and white flower common buckwheat. Our findings collectively offered new insights into the role of R2R3-MYB TF FaesMYB15 within the transcriptional regulatory network governing common buckwheat floral shape and color.

植物生殖器官的发育受abc类MADS-box基因组成的复杂转录调控网络的调控。然而，abc类MADS-box基因是如何与其他基因一起决定生殖器官形状的，这在很大程度上是未知的。本研究表明，在雄蕊发育过程中，普通荞麦MADS-box基因FaesAP3_1或FaesAG作为遗传下游靶点被R2R3-MYB转录因子FaesMYB15直接激活，而FaesAP1_1、FaesAP3_2、FaesPI_1或FaesPI_2作为遗传下游靶点被FaesMYB15直接抑制。此外，FaesMYB15的表达被两个ap2型TFs FaesAP2和FaesTOE直接抑制，FaesMYB15的表达上调导致pFaesMYB15::FaesMYB15转基因LH普通荞麦的花丝长度减少，而FaesMYB15的沉默导致红花和白花LH普通荞麦的花柱长度明显减少，这表明FaesMYB15在普通荞麦的花丝/花柱长度决定中起关键作用。此外，FaesMYB15基因表达上调还导致白花pFaesMYB15::FaesMYB15转基因LH普通荞麦花药颜色深红色，而FaesMYB15基因表达下调导致花药颜色变化不明显的红色花花被色变浅，白花LH F. esculentum花药颜色变浅，提示FaesMYB15基因调控的红花和白花普通荞麦花色模式不同。我们的研究结果共同为R2R3-MYB TF FaesMYB15在控制普通荞麦花的形状和颜色的转录调控网络中的作用提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Functional characterization of sorghum aquaporin SbTIP2;1 for enhanced salt, drought and heat tolerance in transgenic tobacco 高粱水通道蛋白SbTIP2的功能表征转基因烟草耐盐性、耐旱性和耐热性的研究进展。

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112989

Divya Kummari , Sivasakthi Kaliamoorthy , Ghouse Pasha , Mahamaya G. Dhaware , Sri Cindhuri Katamreddy , P.B. Kavi Kishor , Kiran K. Sharma , Vincent Vadez , Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy

Aquaporins (AQPs) significantly impact the regulation of water transport and can modulate traits related to tolerance to abiotic stress. Our previous study confirmed that SbTIP2;1 is expressed in response to abiotic stress conditions in sorghum. This study examined the role of the SbTIP2;1 gene in transgenic tobacco plants. The SbTIP2;1 gene has been cloned into the Gateway-compatible plant expression vector pMDC100, driven by the CaMV35S promoter, and subsequently transferred into tobacco plants using the leaf-disc method. Tobacco plants expressing the SbTIP2;1 gene were propagated to the T₂ generation and exposed to increasing drought, salinity, heat, and cold stresses. Water use traits, including transpiration, canopy temperature (CT), canopy temperature difference (CTD), and expression profiles, showed significant differences among transgenic tobacco events and wild-type (WT) plants under abiotic stress treatments. Overexpression of the SbTIP2;1 gene in roots and leaves showed that transgenic plants regulate transpiration differently than WT under drought and heat stress, enabling more water conservation and/or better leaf cooling. Transgenics showed cooler canopy temperature (CT) and higher canopy temperature depression (CTD) compared to WT, along with significant upregulation of SbTIP2;1 under stress, underscoring its role in improving adaptation to drought and heat. Therefore, the sorghum AQP gene SbTIP2;1 may serve as a promising candidate for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in crops.

水通道蛋白（AQPs）显著影响水分运输的调节，并能调节与非生物胁迫耐受性相关的性状。我们之前的研究证实了SbTIP2；1在高粱非生物胁迫条件下表达。本研究考察了SbTIP2的作用；1基因在转基因烟草植株中的表达。SbTIP2;在CaMV35S启动子驱动下，将1基因克隆到Gateway-compatible plant expression vector pMDC100中，随后通过叶盘法转入烟草植株。表达SbTIP2的烟草植株；1基因传代至T2代，暴露于干旱、盐、热、冷胁迫下。水分利用性状，包括蒸腾、冠层温度（CT）、冠层温差（CTD）和表达谱，在非生物胁迫处理下，转基因烟草事件与野生型（WT）植物之间存在显著差异。SbTIP2过表达；1 AQP基因在根和叶中的表达表明，在干旱和热胁迫下，转基因植株对蒸腾作用的调节与野生型不同，能够更好地保持水分和/或更好地冷却叶片。与野生型相比，转基因的冠层温度（CT）更低，冠层温度下降（CTD）更高，SbTIP2显著上调；强调了其在改善对干旱和炎热的适应方面的作用。因此，高粱AQP基因SbTIP2；1可能是提高作物非生物胁迫耐受性的有希望的候选物质。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide analysis of ascorbate-glutathione cycle gene families in harvested tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) highlights their crucial role in phytohormones and stress management 收获番茄抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环基因家族的全基因组分析强调了它们在植物激素和胁迫管理中的重要作用。

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112987

Sarfaraz Hussain, Fujun Li, Jihan Wang, Yanan Li, Durray Shahwar, Ahmed Islam ElManawy, Xiaoan Li, Xinhua Zhang

The ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle is a critical antioxidant pathway in plants, mitigating oxidative damage by detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite its significance, its role in tomatoes remains unexplored, limiting insights into its regulation. This study conducts a genome-wide analysis of AsA-GSH-associated genes in tomatoes, identifying 21 genes encoding ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes. These genes exhibit uneven exon-intron distribution and chromosomal localization. Collinearity analysis suggests purifying mutation in most genes, while segmental duplication is the dominant evolutionary mechanism. Promoter analysis reveals stress-responsive cis-elements, including MeJA, MYB, and APA, indicating regulation under environmental stresses. RNA-seq data show tissue-specific expression across roots, leaves, flower buds, and fruit development stages. qRT-PCR profiling highlights the dynamic regulation of 15 genes in tomato fruit under phytohormonal (MeJA, MeSA, ET, ABA), abiotic (cold, heat, physical injury), and biotic (B. cinerea) stresses. Protein-protein interaction analysis identifies SlDHAR1, SlGR1, and SlMDAR as key hub genes, while molecular docking confirms strong SlGR1-NADPH interactions. This study enhances understanding of the AsA-GSH cycle in tomatoes, offering valuable insights into antioxidant defense mechanisms during stress responses in this economically significant fruit.

抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH）循环是植物中一个重要的抗氧化途径，通过解毒活性氧（ROS）来减轻氧化损伤。尽管它意义重大，但它在番茄中的作用仍未被探索，限制了对其调控的认识。本研究对番茄中asa - gsh相关基因进行全基因组分析，鉴定出21个编码抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDHAR）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）等酶的基因。这些基因表现出不均匀的外显子-内含子分布和染色体定位。共线性分析表明大多数基因存在纯化突变，而片段复制是主要的进化机制。启动子分析揭示了应激响应的顺式元件，包括MeJA、MYB和APA，表明在环境胁迫下的调控。RNA-seq数据显示了根、叶、花蕾和果实发育阶段的组织特异性表达。qRT-PCR分析了番茄果实中15个基因在植物激素（MeJA、MeSA、ET、ABA）、非生物（冷、热、物理伤害）和生物（B. cinerea）胁迫下的动态调控。蛋白-蛋白互作分析确定SlDHAR1、SlGR1和SlMDAR为关键枢纽基因，分子对接证实SlGR1- nadph有强互作作用。这项研究增强了对西红柿中AsA-GSH循环的理解，为这种经济上重要的水果在应激反应中的抗氧化防御机制提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis with cucumber pollens and a case study of the map-based gene cloning with EMS-induced mutants 用黄瓜花粉诱变甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）及其诱变突变体基因图谱克隆研究

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112985

Yachen Xiang , Haibing Cui , Linglong Fu, Xiaoxue Wang, Yuqing Zhou, Senyang Yao, Mimi Li, Hanqiang Liu, Yupeng Pan

Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis is a widely employed strategy for inducing genetic variation in plants. While EMS mutagenesis of seeds has been utilized in cucumber, the potential of pollen-based mutagenesis remains largely unexplored in this important crop. To address this gap, we developed the first optimized pollen-EMS mutagenesis protocol for cucumber using the inbred line Poinsett 76. This approach successfully generated cucumber mutants with significant genetic diversity, as confirmed by a high genome-wide mutation density (77.45 SNPs/Mb). As a proof of concept, we characterized an abnormal trichome mutant, PSM007, and utilized an integrated BSA-Seq and fine-mapping strategy to identify CsaV3_3G036660, a gene encoding a homeodomain-leucine zipper protein, as the causal locus. Furthermore, we propose a model to explain a rare 72-bp deletion in the mutant via unequal crossing-over events initiated by EMS-induced point mutations. This study establishes the first efficient pollen-EMS mutagenesis system in cucumber and details a streamlined pipeline from mutant creation to gene identification, thereby providing a robust platform for accelerated gene discovery and mutational breeding in cucumber and related species.

甲基磺酸乙酯诱变是一种广泛应用于植物遗传变异诱导的方法。虽然种子的EMS诱变已在黄瓜中得到应用，但基于花粉的诱变潜力在这一重要作物中仍未得到充分开发。为了解决这一问题，我们利用黄瓜自交系Poinsett 76开发了第一个优化的花粉- ems诱变方案。该方法成功地产生了具有显著遗传多样性的黄瓜突变体，并通过高全基因组突变密度（77.45 snp /Mb）得到证实。为了证明这一概念，我们鉴定了一个异常的毛状体突变体PSM007，并利用整合的BSA-Seq和精细定位策略鉴定了编码同源域亮氨酸拉链蛋白的基因CsaV3_3G036660作为致病位点。此外，我们提出了一个模型来解释突变体中罕见的72 bp缺失，该缺失是由ems诱导的点突变引发的不平等交叉事件。本研究在黄瓜中建立了第一个高效的花粉- ems诱变系统，详细介绍了从突变体产生到基因鉴定的流水线，从而为加快黄瓜及其相关物种的基因发现和突变育种提供了一个强大的平台。

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引用次数: 0

MeJA regulates plant root growth, development and phosphorus uptake to adapt to low phosphorus stress MeJA调控植物根系生长发育和磷吸收，适应低磷胁迫

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112986

Xinxin Wei , Bin Qiao , Siyao Zhang , Junjie Cui , Rongrong Zhang , Tingting Mu , Guobin Zhang

Phosphorus, as an essential element for sustaining plant life activities, faces irreversible depletion in global reserves. The strong fixation tendency of phosphorus in soil leads to insufficient bioavailability, becoming a critical limiting factor for modern agricultural development. Although methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays roles in various stress responses, its systemic regulatory mechanisms in coordinating root development and phosphorus metabolism networks under phosphorus deficiency remain unclear. This article systematically elucidates the MeJA-mediated low-phosphorus adaptation mechanism. At the physiological level, jasmonic acid enhances the activation of insoluble phosphorus in the rhizosphere by inhibiting primary root growth, promoting lateral root and root hair development, and synergistically boosting root secretion. At the molecular level, MeJA optimizes phosphorus uptake and transport by regulating the operation of phosphorus transporter families (PHT1, PHO1, PHT5). At the signaling level, MeJA connects phosphorus signaling with the jasmonic acid pathway through the PHR1-JAZ-MYC2 module, forming a regulatory network that coordinates root development, phosphorus transport, and mycorrhizal symbiosis. This study is the first to explain the efficient phosphorus acquisition mechanism mediated by MeJA from a systems biology perspective, providing a new paradigm for the genetic improvement of crop phosphorus efficiency. Subsequent research will focus on deciphering the molecular basis of phosphorus sensing in plants, clarifying the interaction mechanisms between MeJA and phosphorus signaling pathways, and developing synergistic strategies based on plant-microbe interactions.

磷作为维持植物生命活动的基本元素，面临着全球储量不可逆转的枯竭。土壤中磷的强固定倾向导致生物有效性不足，成为制约现代农业发展的重要因素。虽然茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）在多种胁迫响应中发挥作用，但其在缺磷条件下协调根系发育和磷代谢网络的系统调控机制尚不清楚。本文系统阐述了meja介导的低磷适应机制。在生理水平上，茉莉酸通过抑制初生根生长，促进侧根和根毛发育，协同促进根分泌，促进根际不溶性磷的活化。在分子水平上，MeJA通过调节磷转运蛋白家族（PHT1, PHO1, PHT5）的运作来优化磷的吸收和运输。在信号水平上，MeJA通过phr1 - jaz1 - myc2模块将磷信号与茉莉酸通路连接起来，形成协调根系发育、磷转运和菌根共生的调控网络。本研究首次从系统生物学角度解释了MeJA介导的高效磷获取机制，为作物磷效率的遗传改良提供了新的范式。后续的研究将集中于破译植物磷感知的分子基础，阐明MeJA与磷信号通路之间的相互作用机制，以及基于植物-微生物相互作用的协同策略。

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引用次数: 0

Functional characterization of two RgRHM genes involved in UDP-rhamnose and acteoside biosynthesis in Rehmannia glutinosa 地黄udp -鼠李糖和毛蕊糖苷合成中两个RgRHM基因的功能研究

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112983

Yanhui Yang, Zhenli Cao, Shiwen Zhang, Pengpeng Liu, Weiwei Wang, Ziyan Liu

UDP-rhamnose synthase (RHM) is a key enzyme that provides the sugar donor UDP-L-rhamnose (UDP-Rha) for the biosynthesis of rhamnosides. Although RHM genes have been characterized in some plants, their functions in the medicinal plant Rehmannia glutinosa, which is known for accumulating the bioactive rhamnoside acteoside, are uncharacterized. In this study, two RHM genes (RgRHM1 and RgRHM2) were identified through in silico analysis. The encoded proteins share high sequence identity (mostly exceeding 80 %) with their plant counterparts and contain typical conserved domains and catalytic motifs. Expression analysis revealed that both RgRHM genes exhibit distinct tissue-specific patterns, with transcript levels increasing progressively during leaf maturation. In vitro enzyme activity assays confirmed that both RgRHM1 and RgRHM2 catalyze the conversion of UDP-D-glucose (UDP-Glc) to UDP-Rha, and RgRHM1 exhibited higher catalytic efficiency. Moreover, overexpression of RgRHM1 or RgRHM2 in transgenic R. glutinosa plants significantly increased the levels of L-rhamnose, decaffeoylacteoside and acteoside. Furthermore, the expression of key genes, including RgURTs (encoding UDP-rhamnose:rhamnosyltransferase) and RgHCTs (shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase), was markedly upregulated in the overexpressing lines. These results indicate that RgRHMs contribute to acteoside biosynthesis not only by supplying UDP-Rha but also by modulating the pathway’s transcriptional coordination. These findings provide molecular insights into acteoside biosynthesis and position RgRHMs as key targets for metabolic engineering to improve the production of valuable rhamnosides in R. glutinosa.

糖苷-鼠李糖合成酶（RHM）是鼠李糖苷生物合成过程中提供糖供体udp - l -鼠李糖（UDP-Rha）的关键酶。虽然RHM基因已在一些植物中被鉴定，但其在药用植物地黄中的功能尚不清楚，地黄以积累生物活性鼠李糖苷毛蕊糖苷而闻名。本研究通过芯片分析鉴定了两个RHM基因（RgRHM1和RgRHM2）。所编码的蛋白与植物同源蛋白具有较高的序列一致性（多数超过80% %），并含有典型的保守结构域和催化基序。表达分析表明，两个RgRHM基因表现出不同的组织特异性模式，转录水平在叶片成熟过程中逐渐增加。体外酶活性测定证实，RgRHM1和RgRHM2均能催化udp - d -葡萄糖（UDP-Glc）转化为UDP-Rha，且RgRHM1表现出更高的催化效率。此外，RgRHM1或RgRHM2的过表达显著提高了l -鼠李糖、脱咖啡因糖苷和毛蕊糖苷的含量。此外，RgURTs（编码鼠李糖：鼠李糖基转移酶）和rghct （shikimate o -羟基肉桂基转移酶）等关键基因的表达在过表达系中显著上调。这些结果表明，RgRHMs不仅通过提供UDP-Rha，还通过调节该途径的转录协调来促进毛蕊花苷的生物合成。这些发现为毛蕊糖苷的生物合成提供了分子视角，并将rgrhm定位为代谢工程的关键靶点，以提高毛蕊糖苷的产量。

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引用次数: 0

BdDREB2A is involved in responses to heat and drought stress BdDREB2A参与了对高温和干旱胁迫的反应

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112975

Haifeng Li , Shoukun Chen , Jiawei Li , Hua Qin

Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) transcription factors play a pivotal role in abiotic stress responses. However, the functions of most Brachypodium distachyon DREB proteins remain unclear. As a model plant, B. distachyon exhibits high genomic collinearity with temperate crops. Functional characterization of BdDREBs may help to understand the molecular mechanism of Brachypodium distachyon in response to environmental stress and provide gene resources for crop improvement. Here, 58 DREB proteins, belonging to six subgroups (A1–A6), were identified at genome level. BdDREB expression was tissue-specific, e.g., seven of the 12 selected genes were predominantly expressed in roots, two genes were highly expressed in stems, and one gene was mainly expressed in leaves. These results indicate that the functions of different genes might be differentiated. Most BdDREB genes respond to abiotic stresses or exogenous phytohormones. Meanwhile, BdDREB2A was identified, and its involvement in the response to heat and drought at seedling stage was investigated by generating and analyzing RNA interference and over-expression lines. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanism was revealed to some extent, by performing RNA-seq, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and yeast one hybrid experiment. The results of RNA-seq and qRT-PCR indicated that BdDREB2A targets a series of downstream genes. In particular, we found that BdDREB2A specifically bound to the DRE core elements in BdERF12 and BdLEA2 promoters, indicating that they are key downstream genes of BdDREB2A in response to heat stress. Our findings enhance the understanding of DREBs, and provide clues for further research on BdDREBs.

脱水反应元件结合（DREB）转录因子在非生物胁迫反应中起着关键作用。然而，大多数短柄草二囊体DREB蛋白的功能尚不清楚。作为一种模式植物，双歧杆菌与温带作物表现出高度的基因组共线性。bddreb的功能鉴定有助于了解短茅对环境胁迫响应的分子机制，为作物改良提供基因资源。在基因组水平上鉴定了58个DREB蛋白，属于6个亚群（A1-A6）。BdDREB的表达具有组织特异性，12个基因中有7个基因在根中主要表达，2个基因在茎中高表达，1个基因在叶中主要表达。这些结果表明，不同基因的功能可能存在分化。大多数BdDREB基因对非生物胁迫或外源植物激素有反应。同时，通过生成和分析RNA干扰和过表达系，鉴定出BdDREB2A基因，并研究其在苗期对高温和干旱的响应。此外，通过RNA-seq、电泳迁移量测定和酵母单杂交实验，初步揭示了其潜在的分子机制。RNA-seq和qRT-PCR结果表明，BdDREB2A靶向一系列下游基因。特别是，我们发现BdDREB2A特异性结合BdERF12和BdLEA2启动子中的DRE核心元件，表明它们是BdDREB2A响应热应激的关键下游基因。我们的发现增强了对dreb的认识，并为进一步研究bddreb提供了线索。

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引用次数: 0

The Role of N-Glycosylation in Maintaining Self-Incompatibility Stability of Apple S-RNase n -糖基化在维持苹果S-RNase自交不亲和稳定性中的作用

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112984

Ya Xu , Chenxi Shi , Shengyuan Wang , Linguang Li , Wei Li , Fuli Huang , Buhang Zhang , Qisheng Yao , Tianzhong Li

The plant self-incompatibility determinant S-RNase is a classical pistil-specific glycoprotein, yet it remained unclear whether the glycosylation modification of S-RNase is involved in inhibiting the elongation of pollen tubes within the style during self-pollination. In this study, we systematically characterized the N‑glycosylation profile of apple (Malus domestica) S-RNase in vivo using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Pollen tube growth inhibition assays demonstrated that glycosylated S-RNase exhibited a six-fold lower concentration threshold for suppressing pollen tube elongation compared to its non-glycosylated counterpart. Simulated pollen-tube microenvironment assays revealed that glycosylated S-RNase retained markedly higher catalytic activity than non-glycosylated S-RNase under acidic conditions typical of the pollen tube cytoplasm. Destruction of the sugar chains at key N-glycosylation sites of S₂- and S₅-RNases led to approximately 70 % loss of enzymatic activity, approaching the level of non-glycosylated S-RNase. Proteomic interaction analysis indicated that glycosylated S-RNase displayed a more extensive protein interaction profile than the non-glycosylated form. Glycosylated S-RNase tended to form complexes with ribosomal proteins, potentially enhancing its RNA-cleaving activity, whereas non-glycosylated S-RNase was likely subjected to ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation in vivo. This study revealed the pivotal regulatory role of S-RNase N-glycosylation in the gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) response, established a mechanistic framework for glycosylation-mediated regulation in Rosaceae GSI systems, and provided a theoretical basis for manipulating pollination compatibility through glycoengineering.

植物自交不亲和性决定因子S-RNase是一种典型的雌蕊特异性糖蛋白，但目前尚不清楚S-RNase的糖基化修饰是否参与了自花授粉过程中花柱内花粉管伸长的抑制。在本研究中，我们采用高分辨率质谱技术系统地表征了苹果（Malus domestica） S-RNase在体内的N -糖基化谱。花粉管生长抑制实验表明，与非糖基化的S-RNase相比，糖基化的S-RNase抑制花粉管伸长的浓度阈值降低了6倍。模拟花粉管微环境实验表明，在典型的花粉管细胞质酸性条件下，糖基化S-RNase的催化活性明显高于非糖基化S-RNase。S2-和s5 - rnase关键n-糖基化位点糖链的破坏导致大约70%的酶活性损失，接近非糖基化S-RNase的水平。蛋白质组学相互作用分析表明，糖基化的S-RNase比非糖基化的S-RNase表现出更广泛的蛋白质相互作用谱。糖基化的S-RNase倾向于与核糖体蛋白形成复合物，可能增强其rna切割活性，而非糖基化的S-RNase在体内可能受到泛素蛋白酶体介导的降解。本研究揭示了S-RNase n-糖基化在配子体自交不亲和性（GSI）反应中的关键调控作用，建立了糖基化介导的蔷薇科配子体自交不亲和性调控机制框架，为通过糖工程调控授粉相容性提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0